CN109006275A - A kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield - Google Patents
A kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006275A CN109006275A CN201811041780.9A CN201811041780A CN109006275A CN 109006275 A CN109006275 A CN 109006275A CN 201811041780 A CN201811041780 A CN 201811041780A CN 109006275 A CN109006275 A CN 109006275A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/60—1,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of disease-resistant cultural methods of corn with high yield, belong to crop cultivation methods technical field.Corn with high yield of the invention disease-resistant cultural method includes site preparation, seed treatment, sowing, top dressing, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, field management and harvest.The cultural method of corn of the present invention can not only effectively preventing corn pest and disease damage, moreover it is possible to the significant yield for improving corn；The fertilizer ratio of use is reasonable, and utilization rate is high；Three sections of fertilization methods can cater to demand of the corn different growing stages to nutrient；The pest and disease damage in corn field can be effectively prevented under compound seed coating material coating and the cooperation of boot stage pesticide application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop cultivation methods technical fields, and in particular to a kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield.
Background technique
Corn is annual monoecism cross-pollinatd plant, and plant is tall and big, and stem is strong, is important cereal crops and feeding
Material crop and the highest crops of whole world total output, cultivated area and total output are only second to rice and wheat.Corn is planted
Plant height is big, and seed and vine yield are high, it is desirable that management is fine.It applies fertilizer, pour water, chemistry is hoed up weeds and prevents and treats pest and disease damage etc. is corn height
Produce the key measures in cultivation management.
Currently, corn planting also faces some problems, fertility, the soil moisture content of soil, the variation of weather, the kind of corn with
And the fertilization deinsectization in growth period is larger to the yield effect of corn；Existing yield-increasing technology mostly uses greatly the mode of application fertilizer,
Although soil fertility can be increased in a short time, crop yield is improved, excessive or unreasonable application fertilizer is often focused on inclined
Nitrogen fertilizer application, and ignore and apply matching for other fertilizer, reduce the utilization rate of fertilizer, corn yield increasing effect is poor, moreover it is possible to make to environment
At pollution, the potential hazard caused by human and livestock health.
With increasing for maize sown area, corn stover yield is also larger；Since stalk is not easy decomposition in a short time, lead
Stalk resource is caused not developed reasonably for a long time.Most stalks, which are discarded, to rot or in river, roadside in field quilt
It directly destroys by fire, not only blocks river and road traffic, and have seriously polluted the environment and cause the huge waste of resource.
Corn is easy to happen a variety of pest and disease damages during the growth process, and in agricultural production research, seed chemicals treatment is anti-
Control one of subterranean pest-insect and crops soil biography, the method for seed-borne disease economical and convenient.Seed coat agent is with pesticide, fertilizer, hormone etc.
Active constituent, for different crops, disease, concrete composition also has very big difference.Therefore, seed pelleting be it is efficient, economical,
Safety, multi-functional disease control important method, can be improved germination percentage, enhance seed vitality, mitigate environmental pollution, reduce prevention and treatment
Cost.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of prevention and treatment Corn diseases and insect pests and increases
The Technique for Corn Cultivation of corn yield.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield, steps are as follows:
(1) site preparation: Soil tillage applies 1000~1500kg of decomposed manure, 50~70kg of fermented stalk, phosphoric acid per acre
7~10kg of diammonium, 2.5~5kg of potassium sulfate, 20~30kg of urea；
(2) seed treatment: being coated corn seed using composite seed coating agent, and composite seed coating agent usage amount is
30g/kg corn kernel；
(3) it sows: being sowed after ploughing again, 4000~6000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, 60~80cm of line-spacing, spacing in the rows 30~
40cm, 2, every cave；
(4) top dressing:
Jointing is to taking out the male ear period bloomed: impose per acre 30~60kg of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 50~80kg of urea, potassium sulfate 5~
10kg, 3~5kg of zinc sulfate, 5~10kg of calcium silicate fertilizer；
Maturity period: impose per acre 10~30kg of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 30~50kg of urea, 3~5kg of potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate 2~
4kg, 3~5kg of calcium silicate fertilizer；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 40% Le Siben missible oil of boot stage, 20% Acetamiprid liquor, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder
Agent is mixed by the weight ratio of 1:2:1,4000~6000 times of dilutions, machinery sprinkling；
(6) it field management and harvest: irrigates, harvested in time after corn maturation in due course.
On the basis of above scheme, the fermented stalk is that Bacillus licheniformis liquid and solution starch are added into stalk
Bacillus bacterium solution mixed fermentation forms, and the additive amount of the Bacillus licheniformis liquid and bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution is distinguished
For 2wt%.
On the basis of above scheme, the Bacillus licheniformis liquid concentration is >=108Cfu/mL, the solution starch bud
Spore bacillus bacterial concentration is >=108cfu/mL。
On the basis of above scheme, the fermented stalk the preparation method is as follows:
(1) corn stover newly harvested hand hay cutter is as short as 2~3cm, the soya-bean cake of 5% weight fraction, after mixing, powder is added
It is broken to 0.1~0.5cm；
(2) humidity of crushing straw soya-bean cake mixture in (1) is adjusted to 55~60%, sprays the lichens gemma bar of 2wt%
Bacterium bacterium solution and bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution；
(3) 30~35 DEG C of sealing anaerobic fermentations 3-5 days to get.
On the basis of above scheme, the composite seed coating agent includes each component of following weight percent content:
Le Siben 2.0%, nimbin 1.0%, shenqinmycin 0.1%, chloropyuril 0.5%, film forming agent 10%, dispersing agent
6%, thickener 0.6%, basic rhodamine 0.5%, salicylic acid 0.05%, microelement 0.05%, water surplus.
On the basis of above scheme,
The film forming agent is the modified film forming agent of polyvinyl alcohol blending；
The dispersing agent be it is a kind of in naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound, lignosulfonates and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether or
It is a variety of；
The microelement is one of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, borax or a variety of；
The thickener is one of aluminium-magnesium silicate, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide or a variety of.
On the basis of above scheme, state the modified film forming agent of polyvinyl alcohol blending be by 10% polyvinyl alcohol, 20%VAE and
10% gum arabic is prepared by 1:2:1 mass ratio.
On the basis of above scheme, the preparation method of the composite seed coating agent, steps are as follows:
10% polyvinyl alcohol, 20%VAE and 10% gum arabic are mixed by 1:2:1 mass ratio, and colloid mill is twisted
2% dispersing agent is added in 10min, and 0.5% basic rhodamine is added in the high speed shear 25min under 12000r/min revolving speed,
Disperse 25min on high speed shear tissue dispersion machine；Weigh according to quantity Le Siben, nimbin, shenqinmycin, chloropyuril, thickener,
Mixing high speed shear is uniform after salicylic acid, microelement, remaining dispersing agent, water, puts into sand mill, carries out 2~3h of sand milling, examines
It can discharge after surveying partial size qualification.
The advantages of technical solution of the present invention
The cultural method of corn of the present invention can not only effectively preventing corn pest and disease damage, moreover it is possible to significantly improve corn
Yield；The fertilizer ratio of use is reasonable, and utilization rate is high；Three sections of fertilization methods can cater to corn different growing stages to the need of nutrient
It asks；The pest and disease damage in corn field can be effectively prevented under compound seed coating material coating and the cooperation of boot stage pesticide application.
In the cultural method of corn of the present invention, the utilization rate of stalk can not only be improved as base manure using fermented stalk,
Avoid environmental pollution and the waste of resource, moreover it is possible to reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizer；After microbial fermentation, it is not easy in stalk
The cellulose and lignin being decomposed largely are degraded, and the degradation time of stalk in the soil, the nutrition after decomposition are shortened
Substance can supply corn growth, increase corn yield.In addition, the microorganism of fermented stalk enters corn field soil with stalk,
It can be further improved the soil environment of corn field, antagonism and the growth and breeding for inhibiting pathogen, provided well for corn seed
Sprouting environment.
In the cultural method of corn of the present invention, Le Siben and nimbin and Shen piperazine are mould in the composite type corn seed coating agent of use
Element synergistic effect is jointly used in corn seed coating, not only has sterilizing effect to corn seed itself, but also
It can be by killing soil-borne disease pathogenic microorganism and pest in soil in conjunction with the organic matter in soil, the lasting period is long.In addition, this hair
Chloropyuril and salicylic acid in bright seed coat agent can not only promote cell division, it is living to improve seed as plant growth regulator
Power improves emergence rate, additionally it is possible to adjust the growth and development of plant, the generation of plant cell differentiation and chloroplaset be induced, to increase
The photosynthesis of strong plant, is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter, so that plant be promoted to grow, improves growth performance and yield.Water
Poplar acid participates in plant as interior raw signal and resists to pathogen, pathogenesis-related proteins is generated by induced tissue, when plant
Resistance is generated in other parts when a part is by pathogenic infection, furthermore salicylic acid can also generate volatile salicylic acid first
Ester transmits this signal between different plants.
In the cultural method of corn of the present invention, 40% Le Siben missible oil, 20% Acetamiprid liquor, 10% are used in boot stage
Imidacloprid wettable powder prevents and treats pest and disease damage, can cooperate seed coat agent the peak period that pest and disease damage occurs simultaneously
Upper and under ground portion the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, prevents the infringement of pathogen and pest to fruit ear.
Specific embodiment
Term as used in the present invention generally has those of ordinary skill in the art usual unless otherwise specified
The meaning of understanding.
Combined with specific embodiments below, and referring to the data further detailed description present invention.Following embodiment only be
It illustrates the present invention, rather than limits the scope of the invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
The polyvinyl alcohol for weighing 10g is mixed with 90g distilled water, and heating stirring obtains mass fraction 10% up to being completely dissolved
Polyvinyl alcohol.
Wherein polyvinyl alcohol used is PVA17-92.
By VAE lotion in 50 DEG C of warm water, the agitated lotion for being prepared into mass fraction 20% is spare.
Gum arabic is configured to the solution of mass fraction 10%.
The preparation method of the composite seed coating agent, steps are as follows:
10% polyvinyl alcohol, 20%VAE and 10% gum arabic are mixed by 1:2:1 mass ratio, and colloid mill is twisted
2% dispersing agent is added in 10min, and 0.5% basic rhodamine is added in the high speed shear 25min under 12000r/min revolving speed,
Disperse 25min on high speed shear tissue dispersion machine；Weigh according to quantity Le Siben, nimbin, shenqinmycin, chloropyuril, thickener,
Mixing high speed shear is uniform after salicylic acid, microelement, remaining dispersing agent, water, puts into sand mill, carries out 2~3h of sand milling, examines
It can discharge after surveying partial size qualification.
Embodiment 2
Bacillus licheniformis AS1.813 is purchased from Bioisystech Co., Ltd of Bei Na Linkage；
The Bacillus licheniformis strain of freezing, plate activation are taken, picking monoclonal strain is inoculated in nutrient culture medium
Cultivate seed liquor, 30 DEG C of culture 48h；Kind of subpage is inoculated in nutrient culture medium by 1% inoculum concentration, cultivation and fermentation liquid, and 30
DEG C culture 48h, until bacterial concentration >=108cfu/mL。
The nutrient culture medium are as follows: beef extract 3.0g, peptone 10.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1.0L,
pH7.0。
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC223006 is purchased from Bioisystech Co., Ltd of Bei Na Linkage；
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain of freezing, plate activation are taken, picking monoclonal strain is inoculated in nutrient culture
Base culture seed liquor, 30 DEG C of culture 48h；Kind of subpage is inoculated in nutrient culture medium by 1% inoculum concentration, cultivation and fermentation liquid,
37 DEG C of culture 48h, until bacterial concentration >=108cfu/mL。
The preparation method of fermented stalk:
(1) corn stover newly harvested hand hay cutter is as short as 2~3cm, the soya-bean cake of 5% weight fraction, after mixing, powder is added
It is broken to 0.1~0.5cm；
(2) humidity of crushing straw soya-bean cake mixture in (1) is adjusted to 55~60%, sprays the lichens gemma bar of 2wt%
Bacterium bacterium solution and bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution；
(3) 30~35 DEG C of sealing anaerobic fermentations 3-5 days to get.
One, the degradation situation of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to corn stover
The corn stover for being crushed to 5% soya-bean cake of addition of 0.1~0.5cm is taken, 12 is separately added into and contains 250mL nutrient meat
In the triangular flask of juice culture medium, the additive amount in every bottle is 2g；Every 3 triangular flasks are one group, are randomly divided into 4 groups；Wherein, respectively
Group processing is as follows:
First group: 2wt% Bacillus licheniformis liquid+2wt% bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution；
Second group: 2wt% Bacillus licheniformis liquid+2wt% nutrient culture medium；
Third group: 2wt% bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution+2wt% nutrient culture medium；
4th group: 4wt% nutrient culture medium.
35 DEG C after sealing anaerobic fermentation 5 days, measurement each group cellulose degradation rate, hemicellulose degradation rate and lignin degradation
Rate is as shown in table 1:
The degradation situation of 1 bacillus licheniformis of table and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to corn stover
| Cellulose degradation rate % | Hemicellulose degradation rate % | Lignin degradation rate % | |
| First group | 85.5 | 83.3 | 84.8 |
| Second group | 49.1 | 45.7 | 42.4 |
| Third group | 56.8 | 57.5 | 59.7 |
| 4th group | ---- | ---- | ---- |
As shown in Table 1, the bacillus licheniformis in the present invention and bacillus amyloliquefaciens synergistic effect, can preferably drop
Cellulose, hemicellulose and the lignin component in corn stover are solved, the conversion of nutriment is accelerated.
Embodiment 3
A kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield, steps are as follows:
(1) site preparation: Soil tillage applies decomposed manure 1500kg, fermented stalk 50kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 7kg, sulphur per acre
Sour potassium 2.5kg, urea 20kg；
(2) seed treatment: being coated corn seed using composite seed coating agent, and composite seed coating agent usage amount is
30g/kg corn kernel；
(3) it sows: being sowed after ploughing again, 4000~6000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, 60~80cm of line-spacing, spacing in the rows 30~
40cm, 2, every cave；
(4) top dressing:
Jointing is to the male ear period bloomed of pumping: imposing Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 50kg, urea 70kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, zinc sulfate per acre
5kg, calcium silicate fertilizer 5kg；
Maturity period: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, urea 50kg, potassium sulfate 5kg, zinc sulfate 4kg, calcium silicate fertilizer 5kg are imposed per acre；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 40% Le Siben missible oil of boot stage, 20% Acetamiprid liquor, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder
Agent is mixed by the weight ratio of 1:2:1,4000~6000 times of dilutions, machinery sprinkling；
(6) it field management and harvest: irrigates, harvested in time after corn maturation in due course.
Embodiment 4
A kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield, steps are as follows:
(1) site preparation: Soil tillage applies decomposed manure 1300kg, fermented stalk 60kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 8kg, sulphur per acre
Sour potassium 5kg, urea 30kg；
(2) seed treatment: being coated corn seed using composite seed coating agent, and composite seed coating agent usage amount is
30g/kg corn kernel；
(3) it sows: being sowed after ploughing again, 4000~6000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, 60~80cm of line-spacing, spacing in the rows 30~
40cm, 2, every cave；
(4) top dressing:
Jointing is to the male ear period bloomed of pumping: imposing Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 40kg, urea 60kg, potassium sulfate 8kg, zinc sulfate per acre
5kg, calcium silicate fertilizer 8kg；
Maturity period: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, urea 40kg, potassium sulfate 4kg, zinc sulfate 3kg, calcium silicate fertilizer 4kg are imposed per acre；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 40% Le Siben missible oil of boot stage, 20% Acetamiprid liquor, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder
Agent is mixed by the weight ratio of 1:2:1,4000~6000 times of dilutions, machinery sprinkling；
(6) it field management and harvest: irrigates, harvested in time after corn maturation in due course.
Embodiment 5
A kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield, steps are as follows:
(1) site preparation: Soil tillage, per acre apply decomposed manure 1000kg, fermented stalk 70kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg,
Potassium sulfate 5kg, urea 30kg；
(2) seed treatment: being coated corn seed using composite seed coating agent, and composite seed coating agent usage amount is
30g/kg corn kernel；
(3) it sows: being sowed after ploughing again, 4000~6000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, 60~80cm of line-spacing, spacing in the rows 30~
40cm, 2, every cave；
(4) top dressing:
Jointing is to the male ear period bloomed of pumping: imposing Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 60kg, urea 80kg, potassium sulfate 5kg, zinc sulfate per acre
3kg, calcium silicate fertilizer 10kg；
Maturity period: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, urea 50kg, potassium sulfate 5kg, zinc sulfate 4kg, calcium silicate fertilizer 5kg are imposed per acre；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 40% Le Siben missible oil of boot stage, 20% Acetamiprid liquor, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder
Agent is mixed by the weight ratio of 1:2:1,4000~6000 times of dilutions, machinery sprinkling；
(6) it field management and harvest: irrigates, harvested in time after corn maturation in due course.
Comparative example 1
In the cultural method of embodiment 4, the cultural method of fermented stalk is not added during site preparation；
Comparative example 2
In the cultural method of embodiment 4, the cultural method of unleavened stalk is added during site preparation；
Comparative example 3
In the cultural method of embodiment 4, using 6% Likeming Gel suspension seed-coating agent alternative composite type seed coat agent to corn seed
The cultural method being coated.
Two, different cultural methods test corn field diseases control and corn yield
Test site Pingyi, shandong Province breeding experiment field, No. 60 safe (the limited public affairs of safe kind of the industry of Shandong middle peasant day in experimental cultivar day
Department).
Test grouping:
Test group:
The cultivating method of crop of embodiment 3~5；
Control group:
The cultivating method of crop of comparative example 1~3；
Blank control group:.
Every cell sows 17 rows, plot area 68m2, each processing is in triplicate；Random alignment between each group, experimental plot four
Week setting protection row.Maize sheath blight evil situation is evaluated during test, as a result such as table 2, specific judgment criteria are as follows:
0 grade: complete stool is asymptomatic；
1 grade: the 4th leaf sheath and the morbidity of following leaf sheath under fruit ear；
3 grades: the 3rd leaf sheath and the morbidity of following leaf sheath under fruit ear；
5 grades: the 2nd leaf sheath and the morbidity of following leaf sheath under fruit ear；
7 grades: the 1st leaf sheath and the morbidity of following leaf sheath under fruit ear；
9 grades: fruit ear and its morbidity of the above leaf sheath.
The different cultural methods of table 2 are to maize sheath blight efficiency test
| Group | Disease index | Preventive effect % |
| Embodiment 3 | 5.64 | 79.81 |
| Embodiment 4 | 4.94 | 82.31 |
| Embodiment 5 | 5.15 | 81.56 |
| Comparative example 1 | 9.86 | 64.70 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.73 | 68.74 |
| Comparative example 3 | 14.85 | 46.83 |
As shown in Table 2, cultivating method of crop of the invention is significantly higher than control group to the preventive effect of maize sheath blight, wherein real
It is best to apply 4 groups of example of cultural method preventive effect.
Table 3, which is surveyed, produces species test
| Processing | Kg/ mus of per unit area yield | Emergence rate/% | Spike length/cm | Tassel row number | 100-grain weight/g |
| Embodiment 3 | 612 | 95.7 | 23.6 | 18.0 | 32.5 |
| Embodiment 4 | 629 | 97.2 | 24.2 | 18.3 | 33.1 |
| Embodiment 5 | 621 | 96.8 | 23.9 | 18.1 | 32.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 580 | 92.5 | 23.1 | 17.8 | 30.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 591 | 90.8 | 23.3 | 18.0 | 31.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 586 | 90.1 | 23.5 | 17.9 | 30.4 |
As shown in Table 3, cultivating method of crop of the present invention can be significantly improved compared with comparative example group corn single rate and
Emergence rate；Wherein corn per unit area yield improves 5.5% or more, up to 8.4% than comparative example 1；Emergence rate is significantly mentioned than 3 groups of comparative example
It is high by 6.2% or more, up to 7.9%；Cultural method of the present invention also has an impact to spike length and tassel row number, but not significant；100-grain weight
It is compared than 3 groups of comparative example and improves 6.9%, up to 8.9；Wherein the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 4 proposes the yield of corn
High effect is best.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to above embodiments institute
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield, it is characterised in that: steps are as follows:
(1) site preparation: Soil tillage applies 1000~1500kg of decomposed manure, 50~70kg of fermented stalk, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) per acre
7~10kg, 2.5~5kg of potassium sulfate, 20~30kg of urea；
(2) seed treatment: being coated corn seed using composite seed coating agent, and composite seed coating agent usage amount is 30g/kg
Corn kernel；
(3) it sows: being sowed after ploughing again, 4000~6000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, 60~80cm of line-spacing, 30~40cm of spacing in the rows,
2, every cave；
(4) top dressing:
Jointing is to taking out the male ear period bloomed: impose per acre 30~60kg of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 50~80kg of urea, 5~10kg of potassium sulfate,
3~5kg of zinc sulfate, 5~10kg of calcium silicate fertilizer；
Maturity period: 10~30kg of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 30~50kg of urea, 3~5kg of potassium sulfate, 2~4kg of zinc sulfate, silicon are imposed per acre
3~5kg of calcareous fertilisers；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 40% Le Siben missible oil of boot stage, 20% Acetamiprid liquor, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder are pressed
The weight ratio of 1:2:1 mixes, 4000~6000 times of dilutions, machinery sprinkling；
(6) it field management and harvest: irrigates, harvested in time after corn maturation in due course.
2. the disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fermented stalk is into stalk
Addition Bacillus licheniformis liquid is formed with bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution mixed fermentation, the Bacillus licheniformis liquid and solution
The additive amount of bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution is respectively 2wt%.
3. the disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the Bacillus licheniformis liquid is dense
Degree is >=108Cfu/mL, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial concentration are >=108cfu/mL。
4. the disease-resistant cultural method of the corn with high yield according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: the fermented stalk preparation side
Method is as follows:
(1) corn stover newly harvested hand hay cutter is as short as 2~3cm, the soya-bean cake that 5% weight fraction is added is crushed to after mixing
0.1~0.5cm；
(2) humidity of crushing straw soya-bean cake mixture in (1) is adjusted to 55~60%, sprays the Bacillus licheniformis of 2wt%
Liquid and bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution；
(3) 30~35 DEG C of sealing anaerobic fermentations 3-5 days to get.
5. the disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the composite seed coating agent include with
The each component of lower weight percent content:
Le Siben 2.0%, nimbin 1.0%, shenqinmycin 0.1%, chloropyuril 0.5%, film forming agent 10%, dispersing agent 6%, increase
Thick dose 0.6%, basic rhodamine 0.5%, salicylic acid 0.05%, microelement 0.05%, water surplus.
6. the disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
The film forming agent is the modified film forming agent of polyvinyl alcohol blending；
The dispersing agent is a kind of or more in naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound, lignosulfonates and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether
Kind；
The microelement is one of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, borax or a variety of；
The thickener is one of aluminium-magnesium silicate, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide or a variety of.
7. the disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: state the modified film forming of polyvinyl alcohol blending
Agent is to be prepared by 10% polyvinyl alcohol, 20%VAE and 10% gum arabic by 1:2:1 mass ratio.
8. according to any one of the claim 5~7 disease-resistant cultural method of corn with high yield, it is characterised in that: described compound kind
The preparation method of clothing agent, steps are as follows:
10% polyvinyl alcohol, 20%VAE and 10% gum arabic are mixed by 1:2:1 mass ratio, and colloid mill is twisted 10min, adds
The dispersing agent for entering 2%, the high speed shear 25min under 12000r/min revolving speed, is added 0.5% basic rhodamine, is cutting at a high speed
It cuts and disperses 25min on tissue dispersion machine；Weigh according to quantity Le Siben, nimbin, shenqinmycin, chloropyuril, thickener, salicylic acid,
Mixing high speed shear is uniform after microelement, remaining dispersing agent, water, puts into sand mill, carries out 2~3h of sand milling, detects partial size
It can discharge after qualification.
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Application publication date: 20181218 |