CN111543230B - Large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions - Google Patents
Large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting blueberries in a large scale in mountainous regions, which comprises the following steps: a. performing steam explosion treatment on silage and Chinese herbal medicines to obtain blasting materials, adding auxiliary materials into the blasting materials for compound fermentation, and separating to obtain organic residues and fermentation liquor; mixing the organic residue, bamboo powder, perlite, vermiculite, chicken manure, diatomite and a water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil; b. selecting a blueberry planting area in a mountain and hilly area, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area to a depth of 30-50cm, drying adobes in the sun, then breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage, and spreading a layer of organic soil on the surface; c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient, dividing garden lands, arranging drainage ditches between two adjacent garden lands, connecting the drainage ditches in a butt joint manner to form a streamline, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil, and covering a mulching film; d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, in particular to a method suitable for large-scale blueberry planting in mountainous regions.
Background
The blueberry is evergreen or deciduous shrub of Vaccinium of Ericaceae, has crown bell shape, ovary position, black, brown or red berry, and is usually white powder. Favors the subacid soil with rich organic matters. The main three plants are highbush blueberry, lowbush blueberry and rabbit-eye blueberry. The blueberry fruit is rich in anthocyanin, low in sugar, low in fat and strong in oxidation resistance. The blueberry has strong adaptability, barren resistance, less plant diseases and insect pests, and simple and easy planting management.
At present, blueberries are planted in many mountains or hilly areas, but the soil structure, the landform and the like of the mountains and hilly areas are greatly changed compared with those of flat ground. In order to adapt the shrubs with high requirements on soil, such as blueberries, to the environment of mountain areas for large-scale planting, soil selection and/or improvement are required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a method suitable for large-scale mountain blueberry planting.
A large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. performing steam explosion treatment on silage and Chinese herbal medicines to obtain blasting materials, adding auxiliary materials into the blasting materials for compound fermentation, and separating to obtain organic residues and fermentation liquor; mixing the organic residue, bamboo powder, perlite, vermiculite, chicken manure, diatomite and a water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
b. selecting a blueberry planting area in a mountain and hilly area, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area to a depth of 30-50cm, drying adobes in the sun, then breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 2-4 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with a thickness of 2-4cm on the surface;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to be 30-40 degrees, dividing garden lands, wherein the size of each garden land is 15-20m multiplied by 14-16m, arranging drainage ditches between two adjacent garden lands at the upper part and the lower part, connecting the drainage ditches in a butt joint mode to form a streamline, paving drip irrigation pipelines, adjusting the pH value of soil to be 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Preferably, in step a, the steam explosion treatment comprises the following specific steps: mixing silage and Chinese herbal medicines, crushing the mixture to a particle size of 1-3mm, adding water for mixing, standing for 2-5 days, adjusting the water content to 20-25wt%, then sending the mixture into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5-2.5MPa, performing explosion treatment at the temperature of 125-135 ℃ for 4-10min, and rapidly introducing steam into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 4.5-5.2MPa, and performing steam explosion treatment for 10-20s to obtain the explosion material.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the silage to the Chinese herbal medicines to the water is 40-60: 2-10: 20-50 parts of; preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine is a mixture of rangooncreeper fruit, cyrtomium rhizome and coptis chinensis.
Preferably, in step a, the specific operation of the complex fermentation is as follows: mixing the blasting material and the auxiliary material, feeding into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration at 8-9%, fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 2-4 days, reducing the oxygen concentration to 3-5%, fermenting at 35-42 deg.C for 1-3 days, increasing the oxygen concentration to 18-22%, fermenting at 40-45 deg.C for 2-4 days, filtering, separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding monoglyceride into the filtrate, and mixing to obtain fermentation liquid.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the blasting material to the auxiliary material to the monoglyceride is 40-50: 100-200: 1-2, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 2-4% of methanogen methanobacterium formate powder, 0.5-1.5% of normal methanogen coccobacillus powder, 1-3% of bacillus licheniformis powder and the balance of water.
Preferably, in the step a, the mass ratio of the organic residue, the bamboo powder, the perlite, the vermiculite, the chicken manure, the diatomite and the water-retaining agent is 100: 10-20: 8-16: 10-20: 50-80: 5-9: 5-15.
Preferably, in step c, the drainage ditch comprises a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, and two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches.
Preferably, in the step c, the depth of the main drainage ditch is 60-80cm, and the width is 50-60 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 20-40cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 10-30 cm.
Preferably, in step d, the drip irrigation liquid for root drip irrigation is fermentation liquor and/or water.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the invention uses local materials in mountainous areas, silage and Chinese herbal medicines are compounded and are subjected to initiation treatment, under specific conditions, steam quickly enters plant tissues and permeates into cell layers of biomass tissues, high temperature and high pressure are quickly released, lignin in the biomass tissues is softened, hemicellulose is partially degraded, the degree of polymerization of cellulose is reduced, and the whole biomass tissue is torn into a fine fiber structure; the compound fermentation treatment is carried out by a plurality of microbial inoculum in the auxiliary materials, so that the dissolution degree of nutrient substances is extremely high, the organic residues are less, the high-efficiency utilization of silage and Chinese herbal medicine can be realized, the loss of nutrients such as sugar, protein and the like can be greatly reduced, and the special flavor is endowed;
(2) according to the blueberry drip irrigation fertilizer, the fermented organic residues are prepared into organic soil, and the obtained fermentation liquor is subjected to drip irrigation fertilization treatment on the blueberries through the drip irrigation pipeline, so that the blueberry drip irrigation fertilizer and the blueberry drip irrigation fertilizer have a synergistic effect, the nutrition retaining degree of the blueberry is high, the loss of the fermentation liquor is less, and the blueberry can be quickly provided with nutrition;
(3) the method can be used for the scale planting of the blueberries in the mountains, the land preparation is carried out on the local mountainous terrain before planting, organic soil layers are spread, drainage ditches are formed, and the effect of well keeping the water and soil in the mountains and the hills can be achieved; drip irrigation pipelines are comprehensively laid to carry out drip irrigation fertilization treatment on the blueberries and are matched with an organic soil layer to effectively improve the mountain soil and meet the growth requirements of the blueberries; then adjusting the pH value of the soil, and covering a mulching film, thereby not only maintaining the growth requirement of the blueberries, but also inhibiting the growth of weeds, and effectively keeping the soil moisture;
(4) the integrated application of the series of technologies greatly improves the yield of the blueberries, ensures the quality of the blueberries, promotes the technical level of forest fruit industry, can play a role in radiation demonstration, improves the living environment of local people, helps the masses to get rid of poverty and become rich, and greatly promotes the economic development of the local area.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the methanogenic formic acid powder concentration was 1.5X 109The unit/g, the concentration of methanococcus methanogenes powder is 3 multiplied by 108Each gram of the bacillus licheniformis powder is 7 multiplied by 108Per gram.
Example 1
A large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. mixing 40kg of silage whole corn, 5kg of rangooncreeper fruit, 2kg of cyrtomium rhizome and 3kg of coptis root, crushing to the particle size of 2.5mm, adding 50kg of water for mixing, standing for 2 days, adjusting the water content to 25wt%, then sending into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5MPa, carrying out explosion treatment at 135 ℃ for 4min, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 5.2MPa, and carrying out steam explosion treatment for 10s to obtain an explosion material;
mixing 50kg of blasting agent, 4kg of methanogenic formic acid bacillus powder, 0.5kg of paradigm methanogenic cocci powder, 3kg of bacillus licheniformis powder and 92.5kg of water, then sending the mixture into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration to be 9%, fermenting for 4 days at 30 ℃, reducing the oxygen concentration to 3%, fermenting for 1 day at 42 ℃, increasing the oxygen concentration to 22%, fermenting for 4 days at 40 ℃, filtering and separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding 1kg of monoglyceride into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;
mixing 100kg of organic residue, 10kg of bamboo powder, 16kg of perlite, 10kg of vermiculite, 80kg of chicken manure, 5kg of diatomite and 15kg of water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
b. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the depth of 30cm, drying a soil blank in the sun, breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 4 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with the thickness of 2cm on the surface;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to 40 degrees, dividing garden fields, wherein the size of each garden field is 15m multiplied by 16m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are communicated in a butt joint mode to form a streamline, each drainage ditch comprises a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 80cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 50 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 40cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 10 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting fermentation liquor and/or water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Example 2
A large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. mixing 60kg of silage whole corn, 1kg of rangooncreeper fruit, 0.5kg of cyrtomium rhizome and 0.5kg of coptis root, crushing to the particle size of 3mm, adding 20kg of water, mixing, standing for 5 days, adjusting the water content to 20 wt%, then sending into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 2.5MPa, carrying out explosion treatment at 125 ℃ for 10min, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 4.5MPa, and carrying out steam explosion treatment for 20s to obtain a blasting material;
mixing 40kg of blasting agent with 4kg of methanogenic formic acid bacillus powder, 3kg of paradigm methanogenic cocci powder, 2kg of bacillus licheniformis powder and 191kg of water, then sending into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration at 8%, fermenting for 2 days at 40 ℃, reducing the oxygen concentration to 5%, fermenting for 3 days at 35 ℃, increasing the oxygen concentration to 18%, fermenting for 2 days at 45 ℃, filtering and separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding 2kg of monoglyceride into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;
mixing 100kg of organic residue, 20kg of bamboo powder, 8kg of perlite, 20kg of vermiculite, 50kg of chicken manure, 9kg of diatomite and 5kg of water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
b. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the depth of 50cm, drying a soil blank in the sun, breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with the thickness of 4cm on the surface;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to be 30 degrees, dividing garden fields, wherein the size of each garden field is 20m multiplied by 14m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are communicated in a butt joint mode to form a streamline and comprise a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 80cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 50 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 40cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 10 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting fermentation liquor and/or water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Example 3
A large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. mixing 45kg of silage whole corn, 2kg of rangooncreeper fruit, 2kg of cyrtomium rhizome and 4kg of coptis root, crushing to the particle size of 1mm, adding 40kg of water for mixing, standing for 3 days, adjusting the water content to 24 wt%, then sending into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.8MPa, carrying out explosion treatment at 132 ℃ for 6min, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 5MPa, and carrying out steam explosion treatment for 12s to obtain an explosion material;
mixing 47kg of blasting agent with 4.2kg of methanogenic formic acid bacteria powder, 0.96kg of paradigm methanogenic cocci powder, 3kg of bacillus licheniformis powder and 111.84kg of water, feeding the mixture into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration at 8.8%, fermenting for 3.5 days at 33 ℃, reducing the oxygen concentration to 3.5%, fermenting for 1.5 days at 40 ℃, increasing the oxygen concentration to 20%, fermenting for 3.5 days at 42 ℃, filtering and separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding 1.3kg of monoglyceride into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;
mixing 100kg of organic residue, 12kg of bamboo powder, 14kg of perlite, 12kg of vermiculite, 70kg of chicken manure, 6kg of diatomite and 12kg of water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
b. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the deep loosening depth of 35cm, drying a soil blank in the sun, breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 4 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with the thickness of 2.5cm on the surface;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to 35 degrees, then dividing garden fields, wherein the specification of each garden field is 18m multiplied by 14.5m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are in butt joint and communicated to form a streamline, each drainage ditch comprises a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 75cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 53 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 35cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 15 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting fermentation liquor and/or water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Example 4
A large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. mixing 55kg of silage whole corn, 1kg of rangooncreeper fruit, 2kg of cyrtomium rhizome and 1kg of coptis root, crushing to the particle size of 1.5mm, adding 30kg of water for mixing, standing for 4 days, adjusting the water content to 22 wt%, then sending into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 2.2MPa, carrying out explosion treatment at 128 ℃ for 8min, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 4.6MPa, and carrying out steam explosion treatment for 18s to obtain an explosion material;
mixing 43kg of blasting agent with 4.5kg of methanogenic formic acid bacillus powder, 2.16kg of paradigm methanogenic cocci powder, 2.7kg of bacillus licheniformis powder and 170.64kg of water, then feeding the mixture into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration at 8.2%, fermenting for 2.5 days at 37 ℃, reducing the oxygen concentration to 4.5%, fermenting for 2.5 days at 36 ℃, increasing the oxygen concentration to 19%, fermenting for 2.5 days at 44 ℃, filtering and separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding 1.7kg of monoglyceride into the filtrate, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;
mixing 100kg of organic residue, 18kg of bamboo powder, 10kg of perlite, 18kg of vermiculite, 60kg of chicken manure, 8kg of diatomite and 8kg of water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
b. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the depth of 45cm, sun-drying a soil blank, breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with the thickness of 3.5cm on the surface;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to 35 degrees, dividing garden fields, wherein the size of each garden field is 16m multiplied by 15.5m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are communicated in a butt joint mode to form a streamline, each drainage ditch comprises a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 65cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 57 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 25cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 25 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting fermentation liquor and/or water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Example 5
A large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. mixing 50kg of silage whole corn, 2kg of rangooncreeper fruit, 2kg of cyrtomium rhizome and 2kg of coptis root, crushing to the particle size of 2mm, adding 35kg of water for mixing, standing for 3.5 days, adjusting the water content to 23 wt%, then sending into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 2MPa, carrying out explosion treatment at 130 ℃ for 7min, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 4.8MPa, and carrying out steam explosion treatment for 15s to obtain an explosion material;
mixing 45kg of blasting agent, 4.5kg of methanogenic formic acid bacillus powder, 1.5kg of paradigm methanogenic cocci powder, 3kg of bacillus licheniformis powder and 141kg of water, then sending the mixture into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration to be 8.5%, fermenting for 3 days at 35 ℃, reducing the oxygen concentration to 4%, fermenting for 2 days at 38 ℃, increasing the oxygen concentration to 21%, fermenting for 3 days at 43 ℃, filtering and separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding 1.5kg of monoglyceride and mixing uniformly to obtain fermentation liquor;
mixing 100kg of organic residue, 15kg of bamboo powder, 12kg of perlite, 15kg of vermiculite, 65kg of chicken manure, 7kg of diatomite and 10kg of water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
b. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the depth of 40cm, drying a soil blank in the sun, breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with the thickness of 3cm on the surface;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to 35 degrees, dividing garden fields, wherein the size of each garden field is 17m multiplied by 15m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are communicated in a butt joint mode to form a streamline and comprise a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 70cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 55 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 30cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 20 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting fermentation liquor and/or water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Comparative example 1
A method for planting blueberries in mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. mixing 50kg of silage whole corn, 2kg of rangooncreeper fruit, 2kg of cyrtomium rhizome and 2kg of coptis root, crushing to the particle size of 2mm, adding 35kg of water for mixing, standing for 3.5 days, adjusting the water content to 23 wt%, then sending into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 2MPa, carrying out explosion treatment at 130 ℃ for 7min, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 4.8MPa, and carrying out steam explosion treatment for 15s to obtain an explosion material;
mixing 45kg of blasting agent, 4.5kg of methanogenic formic acid bacillus powder, 1.5kg of paradigm methanogenic cocci powder, 3kg of bacillus licheniformis powder and 141kg of water, then sending the mixture into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration to be 8.5%, fermenting for 3 days at 35 ℃, reducing the oxygen concentration to 4%, fermenting for 2 days at 38 ℃, increasing the oxygen concentration to 21%, fermenting for 3 days at 43 ℃, filtering and separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding 1.5kg of monoglyceride and mixing uniformly to obtain fermentation liquor;
b. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the depth of 40cm, drying soil blanks in the sun, breaking soil blocks, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to 35 degrees, dividing garden fields, wherein the size of each garden field is 17m multiplied by 15m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are communicated in a butt joint mode to form a streamline and comprise a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 70cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 55 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 30cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 20 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting flower buds and young fruits at the young tree stage, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting fermentation liquor and/or water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Comparative example 2
A method for planting blueberries in mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. mixing 50kg of silage whole corn, 2kg of rangooncreeper fruit, 2kg of cyrtomium rhizome and 2kg of coptis root, crushing to the particle size of 2mm, adding 35kg of water for mixing, standing for 3.5 days, adjusting the water content to 23 wt%, then sending into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 2MPa, carrying out explosion treatment at 130 ℃ for 7min, rapidly introducing steam until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 4.8MPa, and carrying out steam explosion treatment for 15s to obtain an explosion material;
mixing 45kg of blasting material with 4.5kg of methanogenic formic acid bacillus powder, 1.5kg of paradigm methanogenic cocci powder, 3kg of bacillus licheniformis powder and 141kg of water, then feeding the mixture into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration at 8.5%, fermenting for 3 days at 35 ℃, reducing the oxygen concentration to 4%, fermenting for 2 days at 38 ℃, increasing the oxygen concentration to 21%, fermenting for 3 days at 43 ℃, filtering and separating to obtain organic residues;
mixing 100kg of organic residue, 15kg of bamboo powder, 12kg of perlite, 15kg of vermiculite, 65kg of chicken manure, 7kg of diatomite and 10kg of water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
b. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the depth of 40cm, drying a soil blank in the sun, breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with the thickness of 3cm on the surface;
c. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to 35 degrees, dividing garden fields, wherein the size of each garden field is 17m multiplied by 15m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are communicated in a butt joint mode to form a streamline and comprise a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 70cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 55 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 30cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 20 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
d. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting off flower buds and young fruits in a young tree period, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
Comparative example 3
A method for planting blueberries in mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a mountain land with sufficient illumination, no accumulated water, deep soil layer and sandy soil or loam soil as a blueberry planting area in hilly areas, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area with the depth of 40cm, drying soil blanks in the sun, breaking soil blocks, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times;
b. preparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to 35 degrees, dividing garden fields, wherein the size of each garden field is 17m multiplied by 15m, a drainage ditch is formed between two adjacent garden fields, the drainage ditches are communicated in a butt joint mode to form a streamline and comprise a main drainage ditch and an auxiliary drainage ditch, two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches, the depth of each main drainage ditch is 70cm, and the width of each main drainage ditch is 55 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 30cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 20 cm; meanwhile, laying a drip irrigation pipeline, adjusting the pH value of soil to 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
c. planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting off flower buds and young fruits in a young tree period, carrying out root drip irrigation by adopting water, carrying out daily planting management and harvesting.
The method is characterized in that a certain place in the southern Anhui mountainous area is selected as a blueberry planting base, the altitude is 250-300m, the area is a northern subtropical humid monsoon climate area, the annual average temperature is 16.8 ℃, the monthly average temperature is 3.2 ℃, the monthly average temperature is 28.0 ℃, the annual rainfall is 1284.3 mm, the annual average relative humidity is 80%, the annual sunshine duration is 2057.3 hours, and the annual frost-free period is 246 days. The soil is yellow red soil which is in acid reaction, has thick soil layer, is fertile and moist, has a pH value of 5.5-6.5, is in subtropical zones, has good photo-thermal conditions, abundant rainfall, various ecological systems and good natural background; there are no industrial and mining enterprises around the planting base, and the ecological environment is good.
Selecting 12 gardens with similar environment for testing, adopting 5-year-old brilliant (blue-eyed blueberry) cutting seedlings as experimental varieties, randomly distributing and adopting the methods of embodiment 5 and comparative examples 1-3 to plant blueberries, harvesting 3 in each group in summer, detecting each repeatedly harvested blueberry and detecting soil in the blueberries in the next year, wherein the results are as follows:
the blueberry data are as follows:
the soil data are as follows:
from the above table, it can be seen that: the method can be used for planting the blueberries in a large scale in mountainous and hilly areas, and the ecological organic planting mode of the blueberries is popularized and innovated, so that the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved; on the premise of ensuring the good growth of the blueberries, the prior resources are reasonably utilized, a circular economy demonstration area is created, local silage, chicken manure, ore and the like are used as raw materials, and after compound fermentation, fermentation liquor and fermentation residues are used as high-quality organic fertilizers and can be completely used for the blueberry fruit trees, so that zero emission is realized, and the ecological environment is effectively protected and improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A large-scale blueberry planting method suitable for mountainous regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aperforming steam explosion treatment on silage and Chinese herbal medicines to obtain blasting materials, adding auxiliary materials into the blasting materials for compound fermentation, and separating to obtain organic residues and fermentation liquor; mixing the organic residue, bamboo powder, perlite, vermiculite, chicken manure, diatomite and a water-retaining agent, and granulating to obtain organic soil;
bselecting a blueberry planting area in a hilly area of a mountain land, deeply loosening the blueberry planting area to a depth of 30-50cm, drying adobes in the sun, then breaking soil blocks, carrying out rotary tillage for 2-4 times, and spreading a layer of organic soil with the thickness of 2-4cm on the surface;
cpreparing the blueberry planting area, adjusting the gradient to be 30-40 degrees, dividing garden lands, wherein the size of each garden land is 15-20m multiplied by 14-16m, arranging drainage ditches between two adjacent garden lands at the upper part and the lower part, connecting the drainage ditches in a butt joint mode to form a streamline, paving drip irrigation pipelines, adjusting the pH value of soil to be 4-5.5, and covering a mulching film;
dand planting blueberry fruit seedlings, cutting off flower buds and young fruits in a young tree period, carrying out root drip irrigation, using a drip irrigation liquid used for the root drip irrigation as a fermentation liquid, carrying out daily planting management, and harvesting.
2. The mountain scale blueberry planting method suitable for the mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps are as followsaThe specific steps of the steam explosion treatment are as follows: mixing silage and Chinese herbal medicines, crushing the mixture to a particle size of 1-3mm, adding water for mixing, standing for 2-5 days, adjusting the water content to 20-25wt%, then sending the mixture into a steam explosion tank, introducing nitrogen into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 1.5-2.5MPa, performing explosion treatment at the temperature of 125-135 ℃ for 4-10min, and rapidly introducing steam into the steam explosion tank until the pressure in the steam explosion tank is 4.5-5.2MPa, and performing steam explosion treatment for 10-20s to obtain the explosion material.
3. The mountain scale blueberry planting method suitable for the mountainous regions is characterized in that the mass ratio of silage, Chinese herbal medicines and water is 40-60: 2-10: 20-50 parts of; the Chinese herbal medicine is mixture of fructus quisqualis, rhizoma Osmundae and Coptidis rhizoma.
4. The mountain scale blueberry planting method suitable for the mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps are as followsaThe specific operation of the composite fermentation is as follows: mixing the blasting material and the auxiliary material, feeding into a sealed box, maintaining the oxygen concentration at 8-9%, fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 2-4 days, reducing the oxygen concentration to 3-5%, fermenting at 35-42 deg.C for 1-3 days, increasing the oxygen concentration to 18-22%, fermenting at 40-45 deg.C for 2-4 days, filtering, separating to obtain organic residue and filtrate, adding monoglyceride into the filtrate, and mixing to obtain fermentation liquid.
5. The mountain scale blueberry planting method suitable for the mountainous regions is characterized in that the mass ratio of the blasting materials to the auxiliary materials is 40-50: 100-200, and the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 2-4% of methanogen methanobacterium formate powder, 0.5-1.5% of normal methanogen coccobacillus powder, 1-3% of bacillus licheniformis powder and the balance of water.
6. The mountain scale blueberry planting method suitable for the mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps are as followsaIn the formula, the mass ratio of the organic residue, bamboo powder, perlite, vermiculite, chicken manure, diatomite and water-retaining agent is 100: 10-20: 8-16: 10-20: 50-80: 5-9: 5-15.
7. The mountain scale blueberry planting method suitable for the mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps are as followscThe drainage ditch comprises a main drainage ditch and auxiliary drainage ditches, and two auxiliary drainage ditches are arranged between the two main drainage ditches.
8. A mountain scale blueberry planting method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the steps are as followscIn the middle, the depth of the main drainage ditch is 60-80cm, and the width is 50-60 cm; the depth of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 20-40cm, and the width of the auxiliary drainage ditch is 10-30 cm.
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