CN113207625A - Cucumber seedling culture substrate - Google Patents
Cucumber seedling culture substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207625A CN113207625A CN202110633677.9A CN202110633677A CN113207625A CN 113207625 A CN113207625 A CN 113207625A CN 202110633677 A CN202110633677 A CN 202110633677A CN 113207625 A CN113207625 A CN 113207625A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a cucumber seedling substrate, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of perlite, 20-40 parts of decomposed materials and 5-15 parts of composite microbial agent; the raw materials of the decomposed material comprise the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of cassava dregs, 15-20 parts of mushroom dregs and 30-50 parts of corn straws; the compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of streptomyces ochraceus, 20-30 parts of trichoderma reesei and 10-20 parts of bacillus pumilus; the cucumber seedling raising substrate can effectively prevent and treat cucumber fusarium wilt, has stable effect, can stimulate the growth of crops, effectively improves the quality of cucumbers, and increases the economic benefit of growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling raising substrates, and particularly relates to a cucumber seedling raising substrate.
Background
Cucumber is an important economic crop in China and is cultivated all over the country. With the enlargement of the cultivation area of the cucumber and the diversification of the cultivation mode, the disease problem is increasingly complex and serious, and the cucumber is infected by a plurality of diseases and is seriously damaged. Cucumber fusarium wilt is a disease that occurs in cucumbers caused by a fusarium oxysporum cucumber specialization infection. Cucumber fusarium wilt occurs throughout the growing period of cucumbers, particularly in the flowering and fruiting periods. The disease incidence can reach 70 percent, the yield loss is 10 to 50 percent, and even the crop is no longer accepted after the same plot is continuously planted for 3 years.
At present, chemical pesticides such as hymexazol and praziquantel and microbial agents such as compound trichoderma are generally adopted for preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt. The use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers greatly improves the crop yield and meets the requirements on the quantity of agricultural products, but also brings about the problems of overproof harmful substances, quality reduction, ecological damage, environmental pollution and the like of agricultural and sideline products, and seriously influences the food safety and the self health of human beings. The prevention and treatment effect of the compound microbial agents such as trichoderma is unstable.
In the prior art, there are many reports related to the biological control of vegetable crops such as cucumber by using a biological control microbial inoculum, and particularly, many biological control microbial inoculants related to blight control have been disclosed, but the biological control microbial inoculants related in the prior art are complex in composition and complicated in application mode, and are mainly applied in modes such as seed soaking, root irrigation, spraying and the like; therefore, the biocontrol microbial inoculum in the prior art is greatly influenced by external environment after being applied, such as: the control effect of the bio-control fungicide is unstable due to the soil environment, the atmospheric environment, the rainfall and the like, and the labor cost is increased and the planting cost of crops is increased due to the multiple application of the bio-control fungicide in the crop planting process.
Chinese patent document CN102726454A (application No. 201210245752.5) discloses a biological control agent for blight and a preparation method and a use method thereof, wherein the biological control agent contains Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus; the invention relates to a biological control agent, which has various types of microorganisms, complicated application modes, needs seed soaking before planting, pot root during planting and plant spraying after planting, needs multiple applications and increases the labor cost.
Chinese patent document CN102010825A (application number: 201010277116.1) discloses a microbial compound microbial inoculum for preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt and a preparation method thereof, wherein the microbial compound microbial inoculum consists of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the microbial compound bacteria agent related by the invention has various strains, and the application method comprises the following steps: seedling treatment: seed soaking, root dipping and seedling watering of a seedbed; the field application comprises: the fertilizer is applied to soil of a plough layer along with base fertilizer, and is applied and watered along with planting water during planting, the application frequency of the whole crop planting process is too many, and the application mode is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cucumber seedling culture substrate.
The cucumber seedling substrate provided by the invention can effectively play a role in strengthening seedlings through plug seedling, and can effectively isolate harmful germs and reduce the probability of seedling infection. Improves the function of the strain, enhances the quality of the cultivated seedlings, and improves the disease resistance and the yield of the transplanted cucumbers.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the cucumber seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of perlite, 20-40 parts of decomposed materials and 5-15 parts of composite microbial agent;
wherein the raw materials of the decomposed material comprise the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of cassava dregs, 15-20 parts of mushroom dregs and 30-50 parts of corn straws;
wherein the compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of streptomyces ochraceus, 20-30 parts of trichoderma reesei and 10-20 parts of bacillus pumilus.
According to the invention, the cucumber seedling raising substrate preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of perlite, 30 parts of decomposed materials and 10 parts of composite microbial agent.
According to the invention, the raw material components of the decomposed material comprise the cassava residue, the mushroom residue and the corn straw in a mass ratio of 20: 20: 40.
according to the invention, the mass ratio of the streptomyces ochraceus to the trichoderma reesei to the bacillus pumilus is 10:20: 20.
According to the optimization of the invention, the strain number of the streptomyces ochrolens is ACCC40127, the strain number of the trichoderma reesei is ACCC32254, and the strain number of the bacillus pumilus is ACCC01660, and the strains are purchased from China agricultural microorganism strain preservation management center.
The preparation method of the cucumber seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing manioc waste, mushroom waste and corn straw into particles of 0.5-1 cm, adding 2-5% of a decomposing agent by mass, uniformly mixing, adding water until the water content is 60-70%, performing composting fermentation for 15-20 days under a ventilation condition, and turning over once every 2-3 days to obtain a decomposed material.
(2) Inoculating streptomyces ochraceus to an improved Gaoshan I solid culture medium, culturing for 48-72 h at 30-35 ℃, adding sterile water to adjust the spore concentration to 107～108Inoculating the strain/mL of the strain into a liquid fermentation culture medium A according to the volume fraction of 5-10%, regulating the pH value to 5.5-6.5, regulating the aeration ratio to be 1 (0.5-1), rotating at the speed of 130-180 r/min, and culturing for 2-4 days at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to prepare a liquid microbial inoculum A containing 30-60 hundred million/g of effective viable count of streptomyces ochraceus;
(3) inoculating trichoderma reesei to a PDA solid culture medium, carrying out solid culture for 40-60 h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, adding sterile water to adjust the spore concentration to 107～108Inoculating the strain in a liquid culture medium B according to an inoculation amount of 3-5% of the volume fraction, regulating the pH value to 6.5-7.5, regulating the aeration ratio to be 1 (0.5-1), rotating at a speed of 120-170 rpm, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 4-6 days to prepare a liquid microbial inoculum B containing 20-40 hundred million/g of effective viable count of trichoderma reesei;
(4) inoculating bacillus pumilus to an LB liquid culture medium, culturing for 24-36 h at 150-180 r/min at 30-37 ℃ to obtain liquid seeds, inoculating the prepared liquid seeds to a liquid fermentation culture medium C according to the volume fraction of 5-10% of the inoculum size, regulating the pH value to 6.0-7.5, regulating the aeration ratio to 1 (0.5-1), rotating at 150-200 r/min, and culturing for 24-36 h at 30-35 ℃ to obtain a liquid microbial inoculum C containing 40-70 hundred million/g of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus pumilus;
(5) uniformly mixing the liquid microbial inoculum A, the liquid microbial inoculum B and the liquid microbial inoculum C to prepare a compound microbial inoculum;
(6) the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite and decomposed materials, sterilizing, adding a compound microbial agent, and airing to obtain the cucumber seedling substrate.
According to the invention, the preferable mass components in the step (1) are 10-30 parts of cassava residues, 15-20 parts of mushroom residues and 30-50 parts of corn straws.
Further preferably, in the step (1), the cassava residue is 20 parts, the mushroom residue is 20 parts, and the corn stalk is 40 parts by mass.
Preferably, the liquid medium A in step (2) has the following components by mass per liter:
10-30 g of potato powder, 5-10 g of bean cake powder, 5-10 g of glucose, 2-5 g of glycerol, 0.5-1 g of monopotassium phosphate and MgSO4·7H20.4-0.6 g of O, and the balance of water, wherein the pH value is 5.5-6.5.
Preferably, the liquid medium B in step (3) has the following components by mass per liter:
10-20 g of potato powder, 5-10 g of bran powder, 10-20 g of corn flour, 5-10 g of rice hull powder, 1-1.5 g of calcium superphosphate and the balance of water, wherein the pH value is 6.5-7.5.
Preferably, the liquid medium C in step (4) has the following components by mass per liter:
10-15 g of corn flour, 5-10 g of glucose, 5-10 g of sesame oil residues, 10-15 g of fish meal, 5-10 g of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.25 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.25 g of manganese sulfate, 1-2 g of potassium nitrate, 0.1-0.2 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 g of calcium carbonate, the balance of water and pH of 6.0-7.5.
According to the preferable selection of the invention, in the step (5), 10-30 parts of liquid microbial inoculum A, 20-30 parts of liquid microbial inoculum B and 20-20 parts of liquid microbial inoculum C10 are uniformly mixed by mass part to prepare the compound microbial inoculum.
Preferably, in the step (5), 10 parts of liquid microbial inoculum A, 20 parts of liquid microbial inoculum B and 20 parts of liquid microbial inoculum C are uniformly mixed by mass to prepare the compound microbial inoculum.
According to the preferable selection of the method, in the step (6), 20-30 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of perlite and 20-40 parts of decomposed materials are uniformly mixed and sterilized according to the parts by mass, and then 5-15 parts of compound microbial agent are added for naturally drying to prepare the cucumber seedling raising matrix.
Preferably, in the step (6), by mass, 30 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of perlite, 30 parts of decomposed materials and 10 parts of composite microbial agent are calculated.
Preferably, in the method, the strain number of the streptomyces ochrolens is ACCC40127, the strain number of the trichoderma reesei is ACCC32254, and the strain number of the bacillus pumilus is ACCC01660, and the strains are purchased from China agricultural microbial strain preservation and management center.
The cucumber seedling substrate is applied to cucumber seedling, prevention and treatment of cucumber fusarium wilt and/or cucumber planting.
The improved solid culture medium of the first Gauss, the PDA solid culture medium and the LB liquid culture medium are all culture media commonly used in the field, and the improved solid culture medium of the first Gauss has the following components:
1g of potassium nitrate, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 0.01g of ferrous sulfate, 0.5g of sodium chloride, 20g of soluble starch and 15g of agar, heating and dissolving in 1000ml of distilled water, subpackaging and sterilizing;
the PDA solid medium comprises the following components:
1000ml of potato juice, 20g of glucose and 20g of agar are dissolved, packaged and sterilized.
The LB liquid medium had the following composition:
5g of yeast extract, 10g of peptone and 10g of NaCl, adding distilled water to 1000ml, adjusting the pH value to 7.0-7.2 by using NaOH and HCl, packaging and sterilizing.
Advantageous effects
The cucumber seedling raising substrate can effectively prevent and treat cucumber fusarium wilt, has stable effect, can stimulate the growth of crops, effectively improves the quality of cucumbers, and increases the economic benefit of growers.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following examples, without limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The details not described in the examples are according to the state of the art.
Sources of microbial material
In the examples, Streptomyces flavochracea (Streptomyces silaceus) ACCC40127, Streptomyces flavochracea (Streptomyces silaceus) ACCC40021, Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei) ACCC32254, Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei) ACCC30150, Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) ACCC10121 and Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) ACCC01660 were purchased from China agricultural microbial culture Collection center.
The decomposing inoculant is an element and organic material decomposing inoculant sold by Yuan and agricultural science and technology development Limited company in Texas City.
Example 1
The preparation method of the cucumber seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) 20 parts of manioc waste, 20 parts of mushroom waste and 40 parts of corn straw in parts by mass are ground into 0.5-1 cm particles, 3% of decomposition agent in parts by mass is added and mixed uniformly, water is added to enable the water content to be 65%, composting fermentation is carried out for 18 days under the ventilation condition according to the width of a pile of 2 meters and the height of the pile of 1.6 meters, the pile is turned over once every three days, the temperature of the material is not changed obviously, and the color is black brown, so that the decomposed material is obtained.
(2) Inoculating Streptomyces ochrochraceus ACCC40127 into improved Gao's No. I solid culture medium, culturing at 33 deg.C for 48 hr, adding sterile water to adjust spore concentration to 108Inoculating the strain/mL of the strain into liquid fermentation according to the inoculation amount of 7 percent of volume fractionRegulating pH value to 6.5, ventilating at a ratio of 1:0.7 and a rotation speed of 160 rpm in the culture medium A, and culturing at 33 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a liquid microbial inoculum A containing 40 hundred million/g of effective viable bacteria of streptomyces ochraceus ACCC 40127;
(3) inoculating Trichoderma reesei ACCC32254 to PDA solid culture medium, solid culturing at 30 deg.C for 48 hr, adding sterile water to adjust spore concentration to 108Inoculating the strain in a liquid culture medium B according to an inoculation amount of 5 percent of volume fraction, regulating the pH value to 7.0, regulating the aeration ratio to be 1:0.6, rotating at a speed of 150 rpm, and culturing for 4 days at 30 ℃ to prepare a liquid microbial inoculum B containing 35 hundred million/g of effective viable count of Trichoderma reesei ACCC 32254;
(4) inoculating bacillus pumilus ACCC01660 to an LB liquid culture medium, performing shake culture at the temperature of 37 ℃ at 170r/min for 24h to prepare liquid seeds, inoculating the prepared liquid seeds into a liquid fermentation culture medium C according to the inoculum size of 5% of volume fraction, regulating the pH value to 7.5, regulating the aeration ratio to be 1:0.75, rotating at the speed of 180r/min, and performing culture at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 26h to prepare a liquid microbial inoculum C containing the bacillus pumilus ACCC01660 with the effective viable count of 50 hundred million/g;
(5) mixing 10 parts of the liquid microbial inoculum A prepared in the step (2), 20 parts of the liquid microbial inoculum B prepared in the step (3) and 20 parts of the liquid microbial inoculum C prepared in the step (4) in parts by mass to prepare a compound microbial agent;
(6) according to the mass parts, 30 parts of grass carbon, 15 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of perlite and 30 parts of decomposed materials are uniformly mixed and sterilized, and 10 parts of compound microbial agent is added for naturally airing to prepare the cucumber seedling substrate.
The liquid culture medium A in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by mass per liter:
10g of potato powder, 10g of bean cake powder, 10g of glucose, 5g of glycerol, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate and MgSO4·7H2O0.4 g, balance water, pH 6.5.
The liquid culture medium B in the step (3) comprises the following components in parts by mass per liter:
20g of potato powder, 5g of bran powder, 10g of corn flour, 5g of rice hull powder, 1g of calcium superphosphate and the balance of water, wherein the pH value is 7.0.
The liquid culture medium C in the step (4) comprises the following components in percentage by mass per liter:
15g of corn flour, 5g of glucose, 10g of sesame oil residue, 10g of fish meal, 5g of sodium chloride, 0.1g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate, 2g of potassium nitrate, 0.1g of ferrous sulfate, 1g of calcium carbonate and the balance of water, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.5.
Example 2
The method as described in example 1 is adopted, except that in step (1), 10 parts of cassava residue, 15 parts of mushroom residue and 30 parts of corn straw are taken according to the mass parts and crushed.
Example 3
The method as described in example 1 is adopted, except that in step (1), 20 parts of cassava residue, 20 parts of mushroom residue and 30 parts of corn straw are taken according to the mass parts and crushed.
Example 4
The method as described in example 1 is adopted, except that in step (1), 20 parts of cassava residue, 20 parts of mushroom residue and 50 parts of corn straw are taken according to the mass parts and crushed.
Example 5
The method as described in example 1 is adopted, except that in step (5), 20 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum A, 20 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum B and 20 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum C are mixed.
Example 6
The method as described in example 1 is adopted, except that in step (5), 30 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum A, 20 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum B and 20 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum C are mixed.
Example 7
The method as described in example 1 is adopted, except that in step (5), 30 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum A, 30 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum B and 20 parts by mass of liquid microbial inoculum C are mixed.
Example 8
The method is as described in example 1, except that in step (6), 20 parts of turf, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of perlite and 20 parts of decomposed materials are taken according to parts by mass, uniformly mixed and sterilized, and then 5 parts of composite microbial agent is added for naturally airing to prepare the cucumber seedling raising substrate.
Example 9
The method is as described in example 1, except that in step (6), 30 parts of turf, 20 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite and 40 parts of decomposed materials are uniformly mixed and sterilized according to the mass parts, and then 15 parts of composite microbial agent is added to be naturally dried to prepare the cucumber seedling substrate.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the compound microbial agent is not added with streptomyces ochraceus ACCC 40127.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the compound microbial agent is not added with Trichoderma reesei ACCC 32254.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the composite microbial agent is not added with Bacillus pumilus ACCC 01660.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the compound microbial agent is prepared by adding the streptomyces ochraceus ACCC40021 which has the same effective viable count and is prepared by the same method without adding the streptomyces ochraceus ACCC 40127.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the compound microbial agent is not added with the trichoderma reesei ACCC32254 but added with the trichoderma reesei ACCC30150 prepared by the same method and having the same effective viable count.
Comparative example 6
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the composite microbial agent is prepared by adding the same method but not adding the Bacillus pumilus ACCC01660 and has the same effective viable count as the Bacillus pumilus ACCC 10121.
Comparative example 7
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that no decomposed material is added in the cucumber seedling substrate.
Comparative example 8
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the cucumber seedling culture substrate is not added with a compound microbial agent.
Application example
Cucumber seedling raising substrates prepared in examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-8 were placed in a mountainThe effect of the vegetable greenhouse with severe Dongshuang cucumber fusarium wilt is verified, and cucumber, towel gourd and cowpea are planted respectively. The cucumber seedling substrate is used for plug seedling, and a common seedling substrate (50 parts of turf: 20 parts of vermiculite: 50 parts of furnace ash and 20 parts of perlite) is used as a blank group contrast. Randomly selecting 1000 cucumbers 35 days after seedling culture to count morphological indexes, transplanting 35 days after seedling culture, randomly selecting 5 points with the length of 80m each2The incidence of diseases (incidence of disease: number of plants affected/total number of plants counted × 100%) was counted, the statistical results of the incidence of cucumber, loofah and cowpea blight are shown in table 1, the statistical results of cucumber morphological index are shown in table 2, and the statistical results of cucumber yield are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 wither-resistant effect analysis table for cucumber, towel gourd and cowpea
TABLE 2 cucumber morphology index analysis table
TABLE 3 cucumber yield analysis Table
The experimental results show that the cucumber seedling raising substrate has excellent effect of preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt, effectively reduces the morbidity of cucumber fusarium wilt, and has certain rooting and seedling strengthening effects; the cucumber seedling raising substrate has the most obvious effect on preventing and treating cucumber fusarium wilt, has certain specificity, has a general effect on preventing and treating the cucumber fusarium wilt, and has almost no effect on cowpea fusarium wilt, probably because pathogenic bacteria causing the cucumber fusarium wilt are different from pathogenic bacteria causing the cucumber fusarium wilt and the cowpea fusarium wilt; it is also possible that the effect of the active ingredients of the seedling raising substrate is different due to different enrichment metabolism conditions of the active ingredients of the seedling raising substrate at different plant roots; it is also possible that the difference in the rooting and strengthening abilities of the seedling raising substrate to different plants causes the difference in the disease resistance of the plants.
As can be seen from the incidence of the effects of use in Table 1, the more simple microbial species are not used, the better the effect is, but a specific combination of microbial species is required to produce a certain synergistic effect. But also has different effects according to different proportions of the microbial inoculum and the decomposed materials, and can exert better effect only according to specific proportions.
Claims (10)
1. The cucumber seedling substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of perlite, 20-40 parts of decomposed materials and 5-15 parts of composite microbial agent;
wherein the raw materials of the decomposed material comprise the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of cassava dregs, 15-20 parts of mushroom dregs and 30-50 parts of corn straws;
wherein the compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of streptomyces ochraceus, 20-30 parts of trichoderma reesei and 10-20 parts of bacillus pumilus.
2. The cucumber seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of perlite, 30 parts of decomposed materials and 10 parts of composite microbial agent;
preferably, the rotten material comprises the following raw material components in a mass ratio of the cassava residues, the mushroom residues and the corn straws of 20: 20: 40;
preferably, the mass ratio of the streptomyces ochraceus, the trichoderma reesei and the bacillus pumilus is 10:20: 20.
3. a cucumber seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the Streptomyces ochrolens strain is ACCC40127, Trichoderma reesei strain is ACCC32254, Bacillus pumilus strain is ACCC01660, and the strains are all purchased from China agricultural microbial strain preservation and management center.
4. A method for preparing a cucumber seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 1, which comprises the steps of:
(1) crushing manioc waste, mushroom waste and corn straw into particles of 0.5-1 cm, adding 2-5% of a decomposing agent by mass, uniformly mixing, adding water until the water content is 60-70%, performing composting fermentation for 15-20 days under a ventilation condition, and turning over once every 2-3 days to obtain a decomposed material;
(2) inoculating streptomyces ochraceus to an improved Gaoshan I solid culture medium, culturing for 48-72 h at 30-35 ℃, adding sterile water to adjust the spore concentration to 107～108Inoculating the strain/mL of the strain into a liquid fermentation culture medium A according to the volume fraction of 5-10%, regulating the pH value to 5.5-6.5, regulating the aeration ratio to be 1 (0.5-1), rotating at the speed of 130-180 r/min, and culturing for 2-4 days at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to prepare a liquid microbial inoculum A containing 30-60 hundred million/g of effective viable count of streptomyces ochraceus;
(3) inoculating trichoderma reesei to a PDA solid culture medium, carrying out solid culture for 40-60 h at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, adding sterile water to adjust the spore concentration to 107～108Inoculating the strain in a liquid culture medium B according to an inoculation amount of 3-5% of the volume fraction, regulating the pH value to 6.5-7.5, regulating the aeration ratio to be 1 (0.5-1), rotating at a speed of 120-170 rpm, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 4-6 days to prepare a liquid microbial inoculum B containing 20-40 hundred million/g of effective viable count of trichoderma reesei;
(4) inoculating bacillus pumilus to an LB liquid culture medium, culturing for 24-36 h at 150-180 r/min at 30-37 ℃ to obtain liquid seeds, inoculating the prepared liquid seeds to a liquid fermentation culture medium C according to the volume fraction of 5-10% of the inoculum size, regulating the pH value to 6.0-7.5, regulating the aeration ratio to 1 (0.5-1), rotating at 150-200 r/min, and culturing for 24-36 h at 30-35 ℃ to obtain a liquid microbial inoculum C containing 40-70 hundred million/g of effective viable bacteria of the bacillus pumilus;
(5) uniformly mixing the liquid microbial inoculum A, the liquid microbial inoculum B and the liquid microbial inoculum C to prepare a compound microbial inoculum;
(6) the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite and decomposed materials, sterilizing, adding a compound microbial agent, and airing to obtain the cucumber seedling substrate.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the mass components in the step (1) are 10-30 parts of cassava residue, 15-20 parts of mushroom residue and 30-50 parts of corn straw;
preferably, in the step (1), the cassava residue is 20 parts, the mushroom residue is 20 parts, and the corn straw is 40 parts by mass.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the liquid medium A in the step (2) has the following composition by mass per liter:
10-30 g of potato powder, 5-10 g of bean cake powder, 5-10 g of glucose, 2-5 g of glycerol, 0.5-1 g of monopotassium phosphate and MgSO4·7H20.4-0.6 g of O, and the balance of water, wherein the pH value is 5.5-6.5;
preferably, the liquid medium B in the step (3) comprises the following components by mass per liter:
10-20 g of potato powder, 5-10 g of bran powder, 10-20 g of corn flour, 5-10 g of rice hull powder, 1-1.5 g of calcium superphosphate and the balance of water, wherein the pH value is 6.5-7.5;
preferably, the liquid medium C in the step (4) has the following components by mass per liter:
10-15 g of corn flour, 5-10 g of glucose, 5-10 g of sesame oil residues, 10-15 g of fish meal, 5-10 g of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.25 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.25 g of manganese sulfate, 1-2 g of potassium nitrate, 0.1-0.2 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 g of calcium carbonate, the balance of water and pH of 6.0-7.5.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (5), 10-30 parts of liquid microbial inoculum A, 20-30 parts of liquid microbial inoculum B and 10-20 parts of liquid microbial inoculum C are uniformly mixed by mass to prepare the compound microbial inoculum;
preferably, in the step (5), the liquid microbial inoculum A (10 parts, the liquid microbial inoculum B20 parts and the liquid microbial inoculum C20 parts are uniformly mixed by mass part to prepare the compound microbial inoculum.
8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (6), 20-30 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of perlite and 20-40 parts of decomposed materials are uniformly mixed and sterilized by mass, and then 5-15 parts of compound microbial agent are added for natural airing to prepare the cucumber seedling raising substrate;
preferably, in the step (6), 30 parts of grass carbon, 15 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of perlite, 30 parts of decomposed materials and 10 parts of compound microbial agent are calculated according to parts by mass.
9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the Streptomyces ochrolens strain is ACCC40127, Trichoderma reesei strain is ACCC32254, Bacillus pumilus strain is ACCC01660, and the strains are purchased from China center for agricultural culture Collection of microorganisms.
10. Use of the cucumber seedling substrate of claim 1 for cucumber seedling, prevention and treatment of cucumber fusarium wilt and/or cucumber planting.
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