JP2000333530A - Filling soil material for planting of void in molded concrete product - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a filling soil material for planting of voids in a molded concrete product having performances equal to or better than those of a filling soil material using a conventional soil rejected from a water purification plant as a principal material and suppliable as a substitute therefor in a large amount at a low cost. SOLUTION: This filling soil material is obtained by adding and mixing sodium alginate in an amount of 5-40 kg based on 1 t of a substrate mixture comprising 60-90 pts.wt. of a granular dry soil, 5-20 pts.wt. of zeolite, 0.1-10 pts.wt. of perlite, 5-20 pts.wt. of vermiculite, 2-10 pts.wt. of an acidic organic material, 0.1-2 pts.wt. of calcium superphosphate and a small quantity of a compound ferilizer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a filled soil for enabling planting on a concrete molded article having a void in which the root of a plant can be physically extended, such as porous concrete having a continuous void. About materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a method of covering these surfaces with concrete in order to protect a ground surface formed by earth and sand excavation, a dike, or a slope of an embankment of a laid ground has been known for a long time. ing.

[0003] The surface of such a hardened concrete body is greened, and it is possible to provide an inexpensive and easy-to-use excellent scenery while securely protecting the surface such as a slope. There is a concrete molded product (commonly called porous concrete) in which continuous voids are dispersed and filled with a vegetation medium.

[0004] Concrete moldings of this kind are usually strongly alkaline, which hinders the successful growth of many plants on the ground, so that chemical treatments to reduce their alkalinity, such as carbon dioxide or phosphate compounds Etc., a neutralization treatment has been required.

Conventionally, as a material that can be used as a filling soil material for vegetation in porous concrete voids, a soil or a soil-improving material such as pearlite or a fertilizer mixed as necessary (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-72304). Or a method using a highly water-absorbent resin or pulp fiber (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
3-532) and the like have been proposed. In addition, a method of neutralizing the concrete molding and / or using a low alkali cement to promote rapid vegetation and then filling the peat moss with the fertilizer in a slurry state (Nikkei Construction P.78, 1994.
2.25) is known.

However, the above-mentioned conventional Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
The invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 304 lacks stability against running water, and is liable to run off if it is filled in a space where the plant roots are vigorously elongated, and filled if it is a fine space. Hateful. In addition, since it is mainly used for unspecified soil of any type, it lacks qualitative stability as a raw material. In each case, it is necessary to use fertilizers of three elements, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, and weed seeds and pests There was also a drawback that the eradication of pathogens might also be required.

The invention disclosed in the above-mentioned conventional Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-532 uses a highly water-absorbent resin or pulp fiber. However, in the case of fine voids, the pulp fiber must be filled sufficiently. If you try to inject the required amount, it will block at the top of the gap, and in the highly water-absorbent resin, even if the gap can be filled, it will expand at the time of absorbing water, closing the whole gap, and can not function as a filler, In particular, in the case of pulp fiber, when it is dried to some extent, the entanglement of the fiber is strengthened, and harm that greatly hinders the elongation of the plant root occurs. Moreover, such fillers require nitrogen, phosphoric acid,
In some cases, in addition to the three-element fertilizer of potash, it was necessary to use a trace element fertilizer, so it was difficult to say that the material was efficient.

Further, in the method of using peat moss as a main material in the form of a slurry together with fertilizer as described in the Nikkei Construction described above, even if peat moss is finely pulverized to facilitate injection, the peat moss itself may experience some degree of drying. In order to become water repellent, it is actually necessary to apply a hydrophilic treatment, etc., and addition of three-element fertilizer is indispensable,
There were problems such as the necessity of performing a neutralization treatment on the cured product.

In order to solve such a conventional problem, a material obtained by drying soil generated in a water purification plant in a water purification process in a water purification plant is used as a main material. -A highly operable packed soil material that is rich in stability and hydrophilicity has been developed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 9 (1997)).
-107789).

[0010]

However, in the above-mentioned filled soil material using the soil generated from the water purification plant, the soil generated from the water purification plant itself is highly water-containing, and a large amount of cost is required for the drying treatment. In addition, there is a problem that the components of the soil generated differ depending on the water purification plant, and the amount of the generated soil is limited, so that a sufficient amount of supply cannot be obtained.

[0011] In view of such a conventional problem, the present invention has the same or better performance as the above-mentioned filled soil material mainly composed of the soil generated from the waterworks, and as a substitute for it, a large amount of The purpose of the present invention is to provide a filling soil material for planting a void in a concrete molded product that can be provided at low cost.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The features of the present invention for solving the conventional problems as described above and achieving the intended purpose are as follows.
60 to 90 parts of granular dry soil (the same applies to parts by weight or less), 5 to 20 parts of zeolite, 0.1 to 10 parts of perlite, 5 to 20 parts of vermiculite, 2 to 10 parts of acidic organic material, 0.1 to 2 of lime superphosphate Mixture 1 consisting of parts and a part of chemical fertilizer
It is a filling soil material for planting in a concrete molding cavity formed by adding and mixing 5 to 40 kg of sodium alginate per t.

The base material mixture preferably has a particle size of 3.0 mm or less. Further, the granular dry soil is obtained by heating and drying a soil containing as much clay as possible and having a composition as stable as possible, such as a subsoil of volcanic ash soil. Preferably, it is

[0014]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0015] The present invention relates to a filled soil for planting, which is obtained by adding sodium alginate to a base material mixture consisting of granular dry soil, zeolite, perlite, vermiculite, acidic organic material, lime superphosphate, and some chemical fertilizer. Material.

At the time of use, the slurry is filled, that is, water is added to the product of the present invention, and the slurry is poured into the voids of a concrete molded product such as porous concrete. It is preferable to use fine particles having a particle size of 3.0 mm or less in consideration of a particle size that does not become too dense, easy availability, and the like. If the amount exceeds the above range, in the case of slurry filling, particularly in the range of 3.0 to 0.1 mm during slurry adjustment, separation and sedimentation with other base materials occurs, and the uniformity of the composition as a void filler cannot be maintained, If the amount is less than 5 parts by weight, it is not possible to rationally adsorb ammonia nitrogen as a fertilizer component which is sequentially generated from the organic matter in and / or from the granular dry soil.

Further, even if the zeolite has a fine particle size of 0.5 mm or less, if its mixing ratio exceeds 20 parts by weight, it separates and sediments from other base materials at the time of preparing the slurry, resulting in a void-filled soil material. The homogeneity of the composition cannot be maintained.

By incorporating perlite and vermiculite, the void-filled soil material of the present invention does not have a dense structure even during drying, and can maintain appropriate aeration and water permeability. I can do it. In this case, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of pearlite having a particle size of 3.0 mm or less and 5 parts of vermiculite having a particle size of 3.0 mm or less are used.
If it is blended as a part of the base material in the range of up to 20 parts by weight, root elongation is promoted as compared with the case of non-blended, and in the case of slurry preparation, kneading in a short time and a small amount of glue material into the base material slurry. Excellent homogeneity and suspension fluidity can be provided.

If the content of pearlite is less than 0.1 part by weight, not only these effects are not sufficiently exhibited, but also
In particular, it is difficult to easily check the heterogeneous state of the slurry visually when adjusting the slurry. This phenomenon is based on the property that if the mixing is insufficient during the preparation of the slurry, the base material having a large bulk specific gravity separates and settles at the bottom of the mixer, and the base material having a low bulk specific gravity separates and floats.

Perlite is white and light and is conspicuous when separated and floated, and can impart air permeability to the soil material. By blending it, it is possible to obtain a so-called easy-to-use packed soil material for both construction and plant growth. . However, if the content of pearlite exceeds 10 parts by weight, the floating portion is always increased, so that not only a uniform slurry cannot be obtained but also the role of “a mark of homogeneous mixing” cannot be fulfilled.

Further, vermiculite not only imparts better water retention to perlite than perlite, but also has the property of facilitating uniform suspension and mixing of substrates having a large difference in bulk specific gravity during slurry preparation. The property is hardly exhibited when the amount of vermiculite is less than 5 parts by weight. When the vermiculite is added in an amount exceeding 20 parts by weight, if the particle size is 0.1 mm or less, the filled soil material is liable to solidify and hinders root elongation.

The above effects can be obtained particularly by using pearlite and vermiculite together as the base material in the above-mentioned amounts, but a certain effect can be expected even if each is used alone and one of them is missing. Although it is possible to replace the white color of pearlite with the gold color of vermiculite even with the "mark of homogeneous mixing", it is desirable to use both in combination.

The lime superphosphate is, for example, a reagent grade (H3PO
4) can be used, and by appropriately adding this to adjust the pH of the filled soil material before the reaction and solidification to 5 to 7, particularly 6.5, to germinate seedling roots and seeds in contact with the soil material slurry It does not impair phosphoric acid having a pH of 3 or less directly on a concrete molded product, so that the effect on concrete is relatively small. As the acidic organic material, soil improving materials such as organic soil improving material, seaweed fermenting soil improving material, granular peat moss and the like can be used. In this case, no effect can be expected, and at 10% by weight or more, acidification becomes excessive.

As a raw material of the dry soil, a lower layer soil of a volcanic ash soil, whose quality is relatively stable in principle, such as Akadama soil, is preferable. The drying method is desirably a kiln method that can uniformly heat the contents of the soil, and the temperature is 100 to 30.
A range of about 0 ° C., in which sufficient drying can be obtained without destroying the clay mineral, is desirable. By blending the dry soil, it is possible to give the filled soil material the strong water retention of the volcanic ash subsoil, and the clay (amorphous) contained has a certain buffering capacity in the filled soil material. Can be granted. Further, by setting the particle size to 3.0 mm or less, the suspension fluidity particularly at the time of filling the slurry becomes excellent.

Sodium alginate is added so that the soil material filled in the voids is likely to solidify over time after filling with the slurry. It is also significant to add so as to obtain a suspension state. This effect is enhanced by the addition of vermiculite.

It is not always necessary to mix sodium alginate at the factory, but there is a method of separately adding it at the time of slurry preparation (dilution mixing) at the place (site) where the product of the present invention is filled and used. For example, a good slurry can be obtained by changing the amount of the paste material (sodium alginate) as needed according to the water quality at the site.

[0027] This packed soil material is based on the property that sodium alginate reacts with calcium ions due to the presence of water to form a gel, and not only can the amount of sodium alginate be adjusted according to the amount of calcium ions in the water used, but also the amount of sodium alginate can be reduced. Even if the invention product absorbs moisture before use, if it does not contain sodium alginate, it will not react with calcium ions in the base material and the quality as a paste material will not be reduced, so soil material slurry will be more reliably Can be adjusted.

When purified sodium alginate having a purity of 90% or more is used, the product is a highly purified product, the quality is stable, and the effect described above can be rationally used in a small amount. As it is cheaper than low-purity products, and because it is a feed food polymer extracted from natural seaweed, such as a problem with many synthetic paste materials,
It does not adversely affect living things or the surrounding environment.

It is desirable to add sodium alginate in the range of 5 to 40 kg per ton of the base material mixture. If the amount is less than 5 kg, not only the solidification with time after the filling of the slurry is not obtained but also the homogenization even after long-time kneading is carried out. A suitable substrate slurry cannot be obtained, and the substrate is quickly separated. Furthermore, even if such a material is filled in the voids, there are many outflow portions, and even if it can be filled, it takes a considerable time to solidify. Therefore, it is not economical and lacks versatility as a void-filling soil material. On the other hand, if it exceeds 40 kg, the versatility is extremely low, for example, the solidification or the pot life is less than 1 minute during the kneading of the slurry. If it is solidified or has a high viscosity before filling, it can hardly be filled in the voids, and these cannot be used as void-filled soil material.

If the soil material of the present invention is used, it is not necessary to adjust the pH of the concrete portion (in the void).
There is no need to adjust the pH of the soil material itself. This is because the soil material of the present invention has a high buffering capacity and the soil material almost completely covers the continuous voids, so that the elution of alkali from the paste is reduced and suppressed. The pH of the filled soil material for planting according to the present invention at the time of adjusting the slurry was generally about 5.5.
It is in the range of 7.0.

The filled soil material for planting the voids of the concrete molding according to the present invention gradually shrinks after filling with the slurry, and differs depending on the dilution ratio and the surrounding atmosphere at the time of the slurry adjustment. Most of them are 25
% To 60%, and the other part, that is, the part of the true gap is the largest passage of air and water. In addition, about the root, it is transmitted through the surface or inside of the soil solid content that thickly covers the void wall, and the void in the concrete molding is
It can be easily extended without suffering significant alkali damage. In addition, the adhesiveness of the root is better than that of the inner wall of the concrete void without the filler.

The method of using the product of the present invention is not limited to this, but, for example, kneading a pan-type forced kneading mixer which has been subjected to a water leakage prevention process or a spraying mixer for greening is used. After using the machine and filling it with water,
The product of the present invention is added and kneaded, and the soil material slurry is adjusted and then filled into the voids in the concrete molded product. Alternatively, while the product of the present invention is dry (powder), it is filled into the voids in the concrete molding while applying vibrations with a table vibrator or the like.

When the product of the present invention is made into a soil material slurry and filled into voids in a concrete molding, the concrete molding can be suitably filled by immersing it in the soil material slurry. By applying vibration to the concrete molding, the filling rate is further improved.

[0034]

[Test example] 1. Adjustment of Materials The base material mixtures of the examples according to the present invention were adjusted in proportions of the blending (1) to (6) shown in Table 1, and the conventional products using the conventional water purification plant generated soil were prepared in Table 1. The mixture was adjusted at the ratio shown in the control example, and 10 kg of each mixture was mixed with 2.5 kg of sodium alginate.

Table 1

The materials used are as follows. (1) Basic compounding materials (manufacturer, product name) Dried Akadama clay (Kanuma Sangyo, fine powder) Zeoraoto (Okutama Kogyo, Tamarite TZ0010) Vermiculite (Fukushima vermi, vermiculite fine powder) Perlite (Asanoparite, P1) 17% superphosphate (2) Fertilizer Slow-release fertilizer (Sun Green, Green Map II) (3) Acidic organic material (a) Organic soil amendment material (Tomoe Chemical Industries, Shivax) (b) Seaweed fermented soil amendment material (Kimitsu Chemical Industry, sea (C) Granular peat moss (Sungreen, Tubusoil) (4) Binder sodium alginate (Kimitsu Chemical Industry, Argitex M-1-60) Filling Water was added to the examples and control examples of each composition shown in Table 1, and a porous concrete molding was immersed in a slurry kneaded with a mixer, allowed to stand for 3 to 5 minutes, and pulled up. 3. Seeding A total of three types of plant seeds (tall fescue, mugwort and white clover), one for each of the porous concrete slabs filled with the slurry of the control example and each formulation.
The surface of each porous concrete slab 1 cm
The plant seeds were covered with a thick black soil and mixed with 1 g of black soil per piece. 4. Test Results The results of the mixed soil production and planting tests are shown below. (1) Production of mixed soil As a result of mixing using a bucket (producing 6 kg each), as shown in Table 1, in any of the formulations (1) to (6), lumps are formed when mixing. There were no such problems.

Regarding the dispersibility in water, when a predetermined amount of sodium alginate as a binder was mixed in water and stirred, it was sufficiently dispersed in any of the formulations (1) to (6).

Table 2 (Production results of mixed soil)

(2) Results of Planting Experiment Germination and initial growth were observed for about one month after sowing, and the difference in growth due to the combination was observed.

The growth status from sowing to 4 weeks after sowing is the third
Tables and Table 4 show the results.

Table 3 (Leaf length of tall fescue in porous concrete section) (cm, average of 10 samples in each test section)

Table 4 (Coverage rate of each plant in the porous concrete section) (Status 28 days after sowing (%, measurement))

As a result of the planting test, the following was found regarding the initial growth of the plant. The tall fescue had the longest leaf length and the strongest growth in Formulation 3 after 21 days after sowing. Growth of Formula 1 was the worst in both plots.

The mugwort showed the most vigorous growth with the formulation 3 in the pot test plot.

When the coverage of each plant on the 28th day after sowing was observed. In the case of tall fescue and mugwort, Formulation 3 had the highest coverage, followed by Formulations 4 and 5, as well as existing subjects. Formulation 5 was the highest for white clover, followed by Formulations 3 and 4.

Formulations 1, 2, and 6 showed relatively poor growth and low coverage. In these plots, especially, the death of tall fescue after germination was large. 5. Conclusion Instead of the target case using the water purification plant generated soil, instead of using the water purification plant generated soil, increasing the amount of Kanuma soil and adding 4% of an organic soil improver (Sivacs: manufactured by Tomoe Chemical Industries) The initial growth of the plant was good in the soil (formulation 3 in this test).

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Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. Granular dry soil 60 to 90 parts (the same applies to parts by weight or less), zeolite 5 to 20 parts, perlite 0.1 to 10
Parts, vermiculite 5-20 parts, acidic organic material 2-10
1 to 5 parts by weight of a base mixture consisting of 0.1 to 2 parts of lime superphosphate and a small amount of chemical fertilizer, and 5 to 40 kg of sodium alginate. 2. The filled soil material for planting voids in concrete moldings according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of each substrate of the substrate mixture is 3.0 mm or less. 3. The filling soil material for planting voids in concrete moldings according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the granular dry soil is obtained by heating and drying soil containing a large amount of clay, such as a lower layer soil of a volcanic ash soil.