JP2981071B2 - Greening base concrete - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention requires a slope, the interior and exterior of a building, the thickness of a base such as a coastal zone, a reduction in weight, a resistance to erosion by rainwater or running water, and a resistance to a predetermined external force. The present invention relates to a concrete for a greening base applied as a growing base for plants in various parts.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method of greening a vertical surface such as the wall surface of a building or a steep slope close to the vertical, a net-like object is attached to a wall surface, and a climbing plant can be crawled on the net-like surface, or soil can be laid directly under the wall surface. It is common practice to plant and grow artificially to crawl on the wall.

[0003] However, this method limits the types of plants for greening, and cannot respond to the need for various vegetation in view of landscape or design.

Conventionally, as a method of forming a greening base on a slope, a thick base material spraying method of spraying a soil containing seeds and fertilizer has been generally performed. However, on steep slopes, the thick soil base material was washed away due to the erosion of rainwater and freezing, making permanent greening difficult.

[0005] In order to compensate for the disadvantages of the above-mentioned method using a net-like material and the method of spraying a thick base material, a granular aggregate is connected and solidified with a cement paste or mortar so as to form continuous voids inside. It is also known to create a porous concrete for a greening base and apply it to a slope. For example, a method has been proposed in which green space is filled by filling a clay paste into the voids (Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-10535), and a method in which soil is mixed with seeds and fertilizers as needed to green the seeds. (JP-A-53-114204)
issue). Further, a method has been proposed in which an organic solid is mixed with an aggregate and bonded with a binder, or a method in which the organic solid is embedded in the porous concrete (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-8).
No. 9919, JP-A-4-89920, JP-A-4-89
No. 921).

[0006]

The concrete for greening foundations is required to reduce the thickness of the foundations, reduce the weight, erosion resistance to rainwater or running water, and grow plants in parts that require resistance to a predetermined external force. It is more advantageous than a soil-based greening base such as a thick base material. Issues necessary for healthy plant growth on the greening base concrete include a root growth space, neutral treatment, and a water retention function.

[0007] The root growth space and the provision of water retention can be solved by structural measures such as making the concrete porous and putting a soil component or an organic material inside in some form. However, as long as cement is the binder, it is the most difficult to neutralize the alkali of the concrete foundation provided by this,
No basic solution has been made in the above infrastructure.

In Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-10535, the concrete is not treated for alkalinity, and it is difficult to grow plants healthy.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-114204, a coating film is formed on the inner surface of the void so that an alkaline substance caused by cement does not affect the growth of plants. Even when used, it is low in a humid environment favorable for growing plants, and the effect of preventing alkali elution cannot be expected much.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos.
JP-A-89920 and JP-A-4-89921 recommend the use of magnesia cement or phosphate cement as necessary as a method for reducing alkali. However, these cements are extremely expensive and have a high alkaline content. Cannot be substantially excluded.

[0011] In consideration of the above fact, the present invention can provide a healthy greening for a long period of time even on steep slopes or places where water retention is not expected, and can provide a variety of vegetation for architectural design. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a greening base concrete capable of securing a space for growing the roots and a space in which roots can grow, and effectively suppressing an alkaline substance generated from cement.

[0012]

According to the first aspect of the present invention,
A cured product obtained by consolidating the aggregate with a binder made of low alkali cement, and having a porosity of 20 in the cured product.
It is characterized in that continuous voids of vol% or more are formed, and the voids are filled with a water retaining material exhibiting acidity.

[0013]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plant has healthy continuous growth, and has a continuous void amount necessary for roots to grow and has strength enough to withstand construction, installation, or root growth on steep slopes. In addition, the pH inside the concrete is maintained in a range where healthy plants can be grown.

The aggregate is not particularly limited as long as it is strong and does not undergo rapid deterioration and deterioration after planting. For example, natural crushed stone such as crushed stone, buttocks and volcanic rock, blast furnace slag, and refractory materials Examples include industrial waste, slow-release fertilizers such as soluble phosphorus fertilizers, other artificial aggregates, and mixtures thereof.

Further, the particle size is preferably in the range of 5 mm to 40 mm. When the average particle size of the aggregate is less than 5 mm, the size of the continuous voids obtained is small, roots are difficult to grow, and when the average particle size of the aggregate exceeds 40 mm, the strength of the cured product decreases. .

[0016] The aggregate is solidified via a binder made of cement in which an alkali substance is suppressed, whereby a continuous void is formed inside the concrete. As used herein, the term "continuous gap" refers to a gap having a continuous cell portion through which free water and air can flow through the cured product.

In the present invention, the lower limit of the continuous void volume is 20% by volume, but if it is less than 20% by volume, it becomes difficult to secure a growth space for plant roots and a gaseous phase for respiration, so that it can be put to practical use. It depends. It goes without saying that the upper limit of the porosity is naturally limited in terms of securing the practical strength of the base concrete.

Accordingly, the ratio of the binder to the aggregate is not particularly limited as long as continuous voids can be secured to 20 vol% or more, but is preferably about 5 to 30 vol% from the relationship between the strength of the obtained cured product and the porosity. When the content is 5 vol% or less, the cured body strength is insufficient and the product is not practically used. On the other hand, when the content is 30 vol% or more, the porosity is insufficient, the rooting space is insufficient, and the filling of the water retention material is insufficient. It becomes sufficient and becomes unsuitable as a greening base.

The cement for the binder applied to the present invention is not particularly limited, whether it is cement paste or cement for mortar, but the alkali substances resulting therefrom are suppressed as compared with ordinary Portland cement. Must be Examples of the corresponding cement include a cement mixture in which fine powder such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, Irwin, and silica is mixed with Portland cement or a phosphate-based cement, and a cement mixture thereof.

The fine powder such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, Irwin, silica and the like mentioned above reacts with calcium hydroxide generated by hydration in Portland cement to consume an alkali substance of a hardened body, Has the effect of reducing.

In the case of phosphate cement,
This cement is hardened by a neutralization reaction between an acidic phosphoric acid component and an alkaline substance. However, in order to improve the reaction rate, a slightly excessive alkali substance reacts with the fine powder to suppress alkali.

The mixing ratio of the fine powder additive in the above-mentioned mixed cement is not limited. However, in order to effectively consume the alkaline substance, it is desirable that blast furnace slag and fly ash have at least 50 wt% added. In the case of Irwin and siliceous powder, the addition amount is preferably in the range of 10 to 50% by weight from the viewpoints of volume change and strength of the cured product.

When the amount of Irwin and siliceous fine powder added is
When the content is less than 10% by weight, the suppression of the alkali substance is insufficient, which is not preferable for growing plants. If the amount of Irwin exceeds 50% by weight, the cured product exhibits expandability,
When the amount of the silica powder exceeds 50% by weight, which causes a decrease in the strength of the cured body, the alkaline substance required for curing is excessively consumed, and the strength of the cured body is reduced.

By using the mixed cement as described above, it is possible to secure a necessary amount of an alkaline substance necessary for curing and to reduce an excessive amount of an alkaline substance unnecessary for curing.

The present invention is a cured product obtained by forming a predetermined void portion of an aggregate using a binder made of cement in which such an alkali substance is suppressed and solidifying the aggregate. It is characterized by filling to prevent alkaline chemical damage.

The water retention material is not particularly limited as long as it is an acid soil that does not erode the solidified portion of cement-paisteite or mortar, and examples thereof include an acid fertilizer, an acid soil, and an acid water retention material. .

The water-retaining material exhibiting acidity can be in various forms depending on its physical properties, and is not particularly limited. For example, the water-retaining material is mainly filled in the voids of concrete as short fibers, powder or granules. In this case, in order to improve the filling rate of the acidic substance, a material having a size of 5 mm or less is desirable.

If necessary, if the acidic water-retaining material can be in the form of fine powder or short fiber, it can be used by mixing it with cement together with the fine powder, and it can be used as a strong coarse particle. When it can be obtained as an object, it can be used as a part of the aggregate.

However, in any case, the concrete is used on condition that the durable practical strength of the concrete does not deteriorate, and the amount of the concrete is naturally limited.

In the present invention, a short fibrous material of peat moss is particularly preferable in the present invention. Since peat moss has high water retention and contains corrosive organic acids such as humic acid, the pH of the water it holds shows a weak acidity of about 4, and by putting this into concrete voids for greening bases, etc. In addition, it is possible to harden the neutralization of the alkaline substance brought by the cement, and to impart water retention to the inside of the concrete.

As described above, the concrete base according to the present invention is suitable as a base for growing and greening plants, but it is necessary to improve soil covering and water retention required for germination so that plants can be grown more effectively. For the purpose of maintaining fertilization, it is possible to cover the outside of the concrete base with a soil or a thick base material mixed with seeds and fertilizer. Here,
The thick base material is a combination of one or more of soil, compost, fiber, fungi, seeds, water, and organic or inorganic adhesives that inhabit the soil.

[0032]

FIG. 1 shows an example in which the invention is applied to an exterior structure of a building. FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the greening concrete according to the present invention in this example.

Around the building 10 such as a building, the building 1
A wall 16 is provided to divide the inside of the site No. 0 into a road 12, a sidewalk 14, and the like. The wall 16 is a slope whose outer surface is slightly upward.

The slope 1 has a wall 1 as shown in FIG.
6 is formed with the slope forming body 18 as a base, and the greening base cured body 20 according to the present embodiment is laid on the slope. In the cured green substrate 20, the aggregates 22 are consolidated by a cement paste 24 using mixed cement, and continuous voids 26 are formed between the aggregates 22.

The space 26 is filled with peat moss 28 and has a function of retaining moisture in the space 26. Further, the peat moss 28 prevents alkaline chemical damage, neutralizes alkaline substances eluted from the concrete paste 24, and promotes plant growth.

The cured green substrate 20 thus formed
A thick layer substrate 30 is attached to the surface of the wall 16 and applied as a growth base for the plant 32, so that the surface of the wall 16 is greened. The root 32A of the plant 32 is
It grows by invading the gap 26.

The operation of this embodiment will be described below. First,
The experimental results of the greening base cured body 20 alone are shown.

[Experimental Example] After placing upholstered grass on the upper surface of the greening base concrete prepared by the following method, water was sprayed on a watering can once a day with 1 liter of water for each specimen.
Two months later, the turf vegetation status was observed and evaluated together with the following items. * Base concrete strength A 50mm diameter core boring was performed on the test piece, and this core was
After curing in water for 4 weeks in accordance with JIS A 1108, the compressive strength was measured. * PH of running water Two weeks after the preparation of the specimen, when 1 liter of water was applied from the upper part of the base, the pH of the water flowing out to the lower part was measured. * Grass growth status (growth and root penetration) After putting the stripes, the growth was relatively 5 months after 2 months.
The relative evaluation of the stage was performed (5 when the turf was completely rooted and lush over the entire surface, 5 when the turf withered and could not grow substantially, and the intermediate one between 2 and 3 was relatively high. ,
And 4. ) The amount of root penetration into the specimen was 2
Months later, each base was split vertically at the center and the depth of root penetration into the interior from the top was measured.

Table 1 shows the experimental results. (Invention 1) A mixture of ordinary crushed stone (JIS No. 5) as aggregate and Portland cement mixed with 70% by weight of granulated blast furnace slag is used. The ratio of cement paste to aggregate is 15vol%, water cement ratio A cured product with a porosity of 35 vol% (dimensions 200 mm x 200
mm x 100 mm).

Next, a slurry obtained by dispersing 1 kg of peat moss, cut to 1 mm or less, in 19 kg of water was poured into the hardened material void at a rate of 1.4 liters per solid to obtain concrete for peat moss filled with greenery. .

(Invention product 2) The same greening base as that of Invention product 1 was used, and the upper part thereof was composed of 75 vol% of field soil and 25 vol% of soil Yuki.
40kg / m each of effective soil bacteria and chemical fertilizer on the soil
^It was covered with a thick substrate (1 cm thick) to which ³ and 400 kg / m ^{3 were} added.

(Comparative product 1) A slurry in which 1 kg of surface-dried clay was added to 19 kg of water was poured into a void portion of the same cured product as the inventive product, and the clay was filled by pouring 1.4 liter per specimen. Greening base concrete was obtained.

(Comparative product 2) Ordinary crushed stone as aggregate (JIS No. 5)
Using ordinary Portland cement, the ratio of cement paste to aggregate is 15vol%, water cement ratio is 30wt
%, And kneaded to obtain a cured product (dimensions 200 mm × 200 mm × 100 mm) having a porosity of 35 vol%.

Next, 1 kg of peat moss cut to a dry surface of 1 mm or less was added to 19 kg of water, and 1.4 liter per specimen was poured into the space of the hardened material, and the peat moss-filled concrete for greening base was poured. I got

[0045]

[Table 1] As can be seen from Table 1, invention product 1 and invention product 2 were comparative products 1 and 2 even though the pH of the running water was close to neutral.
Compressive strength equivalent to. In addition, the plants of Invention 1 and Invention 2 grew well, and the amount of roots invading the greening base was also large. It is considered that this is because the neutralizing action and the water retaining property of the acidic water retaining material existing in the voids in the greening base concrete are interrelated with the inhibiting action of the alkaline substance of the mixed cement used as the binder. Thus, the invention was found to be suitable as a greening concrete base.

Accordingly, in the present invention, the cured greenery substrate 20 covered with the thick base material 30 as shown in FIG. 2 can grow plants in the same manner as ordinary soil. As shown in Figure 1, the artificial beauty of the building and its surroundings,
The natural beauty to be applied to the slope of the greenery-based cured body according to the present invention can be harmonized with the natural beauty to be applied to the slope to improve the beauty of the building periphery.

[0047]

As described above, the greening base concrete according to the present invention can perform sound greening for a long period of time even on steep slopes or places where water retention cannot be expected. It has an excellent effect that it can be produced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a slope on which greening foundation concrete has been constructed.
It is a perspective view of the wall around a building.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

[Brief description of reference numerals]

 Reference Signs List 20 cured green substrate 22 aggregate 24 concrete paste 26 void 28 peat moss 30 thick base material

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yosaku Ikeo 2-5-14-1 Minamisuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo Inside the Technical Research Institute, Takenaka Corporation (72) Inventor Toshio Yonezawa 2-5-minamisuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo No. 14 Inside Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Mamoru Sakuma 2-5-14 Minamisuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo Inside Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Eiichi Handa 9-chome Kameido, Koto-ku, Tokyo 15-1 Japan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kunio Hisamatsu 9-15-1, Kameido, Koto-ku, Tokyo Japan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-4-34144 (JP, A) JP-A-63-164818 (JP, A) JP-A-4-89919 (JP, A) JP-A-4-89920 (JP, A) JP-A-53-114204 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated ( Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E02D 17/20 102

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cured product obtained by consolidating an aggregate with a binder made of a low alkali cement, wherein continuous voids having a porosity of 20% or more are formed inside the cured product, and the void portion is formed. A greening base concrete, characterized by being filled with a water retaining material exhibiting acidity. 2. The greening base concrete according to claim 1, wherein said acidic water retaining material is peat moss. 3. The greening base concrete according to claim 1, wherein the outside of the hardened body is covered with a seed soil, a fertilizer-mixed soil or a thick base material.