JP4824644B2 - Solid sand method for vegetation greening - Google Patents
Solid sand method for vegetation greening Download PDFInfo
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- JP4824644B2 JP4824644B2 JP2007192065A JP2007192065A JP4824644B2 JP 4824644 B2 JP4824644 B2 JP 4824644B2 JP 2007192065 A JP2007192065 A JP 2007192065A JP 2007192065 A JP2007192065 A JP 2007192065A JP 4824644 B2 JP4824644 B2 JP 4824644B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明は、例えば、砂漠等の植生緑化を行うときに、表面砂層を固化することで砂の流動を防止する植生緑化用固砂工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a solid sand construction method for vegetation greening that prevents the flow of sand by solidifying a surface sand layer, for example, when vegetation greening in a desert or the like is performed.
現在、世界の陸地の中で砂漠化した土地は約３０％前後を占めるに至っており、その面積は現在も増加している。その一方で世界の人口は年々増加し、この人口増加に伴い将来は食料危機を生じる恐れがあり、この状況を回避するためにも、土地の砂漠化を防止するとともに、砂漠化し枯死した土地を植生緑化して生き返らせる必要がある。 Currently, about 30% of the land in the world is desertified, and the area is still increasing. On the other hand, the world's population is increasing year by year, and there is a risk of a food crisis in the future as this population increases. To avoid this situation, we will prevent desertification of land, It is necessary to revitalize vegetation.
砂漠化とは、乾燥地帯、半乾燥地帯、乾燥半湿潤地帯において、気候変化、人類の活動などさまざまな要因に起因して起こる土地の劣化を指すが、砂漠化が生じる土地の特徴は、強い風が年間を通じて吹き荒れることである。この強い風に伴い、地表の砂粒子が飛砂となり、風によって運ばれ、地表のあらゆるものを埋め尽くしてしまう（このような現象を風食と呼ぶ）。この風食は、植物の生育を妨げるため、砂漠の植生緑化を阻害する大きな要因となる。よって、砂漠化した土地を植生緑化するためには、風食を防止する必要がある。 Desertification refers to land degradation caused by various factors such as climate change and human activities in arid, semi-arid and arid semi-humid zones. The wind blows throughout the year. Along with this strong wind, the sand particles on the surface become sand and are carried by the wind, filling up everything on the surface (this phenomenon is called wind erosion). This wind erosion hinders the growth of plants, and is therefore a major factor in inhibiting vegetation greening in the desert. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent wind erosion in order to plant vegetation in desertified land.
風食を防止し、砂漠を植生緑化する方法としては、以下の１）〜３）の方法が知られている。
１）自然の回復力を有効に利用して、植林により砂丘を固定し、緑化する方法である。具体的には、砂丘における風上側の水分条件が良い場所に柳の枝を直接挿し木にする。柳が根付くと、その部分の砂の動きが小さくなり、やがて砂丘全体の高さも低くなって来る。これを何回も繰り返すことによって、４〜５年で砂の動きが止まることがある。
The following methods 1) to 3) are known as methods for preventing wind erosion and vegetation greening in the desert.
1) It is a method of fixing the sand dunes by tree planting and greening by utilizing the natural resilience. More specifically, willow branches are directly cut into a sand dune where the windward moisture condition is good. As the willows take root, the movement of the sand in that area becomes smaller, and the height of the entire dune eventually becomes lower. By repeating this many times, the movement of the sand may stop in 4-5 years.
２）草方格と呼ばれる、面的な砂丘固定方である。具体的には、１ｍ四方の格子状に、麦藁を砂中にスコップで押し込み、砂の動きを抑える。
３）疎水性粒子からなる疎水層を地表から所定の深さの土壌中に設け、土壌中の水分量を制御する。さらに、地表から所定の深さの土壌中で且つ疎水層よりも上層に保水剤を含む保水層を設ける（特許文献１参照）。
3) A hydrophobic layer made of hydrophobic particles is provided in the soil at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, and the amount of water in the soil is controlled. Furthermore, a water retaining layer containing a water retaining agent is provided in soil at a predetermined depth from the ground surface and above the hydrophobic layer (see Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、上記１）の方法は、豊富な地下水がある地域でしか施工することができない。また、上記２）、３）の方法は、風食が激しい地域においては、完全に風食を食い止めることができない。さらに、上記３）の方法は、広大な砂漠に適用しようとする場合、施工性と経済性に問題がある。 However, the method 1) can be performed only in an area where there is abundant groundwater. In addition, the above methods 2) and 3) cannot completely prevent wind erosion in areas where wind erosion is intense. Furthermore, when the method 3) is applied to a vast desert, there are problems in workability and economy.
本発明は以上の点に鑑みなされたものであり、豊富な地下水がなく、風食が激しい地域においても、風食を防止し、植生緑化を行うことができ、施工性及び経済性に優れる植生緑化用固砂工法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and even in areas where there is no abundant groundwater and severe wind erosion, vegetation can be prevented and vegetation can be greened, and is excellent in workability and economic efficiency. The purpose is to provide a solid sand construction method for greening.
本発明は、
親水性ポリウレタン樹脂を２〜７重量％の濃度で含む固化用水溶液を砂に散布することで、植物が生育する空隙を、空隙率が１０〜２５％となるように有する、固化した多孔質砂層を形成することを特徴とする植生緑化用固砂工法を要旨とする。
The present invention
A solidified porous sand layer having voids in which plants grow so that the porosity is 10 to 25% by spreading an aqueous solution for solidification containing a hydrophilic polyurethane resin at a concentration of 2 to 7% by weight on sand. The gist is the solid sand construction method for vegetation greening, characterized by
本発明は、例えば、親水性ポリウレタン樹脂を含む固化用水溶液を砂の表面に散布することにより、表面からある程度の深さまでの砂または流動砂（砂丘）を、短時間で多孔質状に結合・固化し、固化した多孔質砂層を形成する。この固化した多孔質砂層は、強度が高く、耐久性・耐凍性を有し、砂または砂丘の移動を阻止する。また、固化した多孔質砂層は、多孔質構造体（例えば、積層マット状、ネット積層状、ゴム積層状）であることにより、緑化のための植生等を安定して根付かせる（種子の発芽と初期の植生を可能にする）ための機能、すなわち、透水性・保水性・保肥性・水分蒸発抑制性をも有する。 In the present invention, for example, by dispersing an aqueous solution for solidification containing a hydrophilic polyurethane resin on the surface of sand, sand or fluid sand (dune) from the surface to a certain depth is bonded in a porous form in a short time. Solidify to form a solidified porous sand layer. This solidified porous sand layer has high strength, durability and frost resistance, and prevents the movement of sand or dunes. In addition, the solidified porous sand layer is a porous structure (for example, laminated mat, net laminated, rubber laminated), so that vegetation for greening can be stably rooted (seed germination and seed germination). It also has functions for enabling initial vegetation), that is, water permeability, water retention, fertilizer retention, and moisture evaporation suppression.
よって、本発明によれば、例えば、豊富な地下水がなく、風食が著しい等、砂漠特有の特殊環境においても、植生緑化を安定的、機能的、経済的に実現することができる。また、本発明は、広い面積にわたって施工することができ（施工性が良く）、経済性にも優れているので、広大な砂漠地帯に適用することができる。 Therefore, according to the present invention, vegetation greening can be realized stably, functionally and economically even in a special environment peculiar to deserts, for example, where there is no abundant groundwater and wind erosion is remarkable. Further, the present invention can be applied over a large area (good workability) and is excellent in economic efficiency, and therefore can be applied to a vast desert area.
または、本発明は、水（含塩分水であってもよい）に容易に溶ける親水性ポリウレタン樹脂を用い、その親水性ポリウレタン樹脂を含む固化用水溶液は砂に対する浸透性が高いので、施工性が良い。 Alternatively, the present invention uses a hydrophilic polyurethane resin that is easily soluble in water (which may be salt-containing water), and the aqueous solution for solidification containing the hydrophilic polyurethane resin has high permeability to sand, so that the workability is high. good.
本発明では、植物の種子を含む植生緑化組成物を砂に散布する工程を、前記固化用水溶液の散布の前及び／又は後に有することが好ましい。植生緑化組成物は、例えば、適量の化学肥料を含むことが好ましい。こうすることにより、種子の発芽と初期の植生を促進することができる。また、植生緑化組成物は、大量の水を含むことが好ましい。こうすることにより、植生緑化組成物を、砂中深くまで浸透させることができる。なお、浸透した水は、保水性を有する、固化した多孔質砂層により保持され、植物の初期成長に寄与することができる。植生緑化組成物に含まれる肥料としては、例えば、動物（牛、羊等）糞、化学肥料等があげられる。また、植生緑化組成物に含まれる種子としては、例えば、耐候性・耐塩分・耐乾性を有する種子２〜３種（例えば、油蒿、檸条、アルテミシア、カラガナ等）が挙げられる。 In this invention, it is preferable to have the process of spraying the vegetation greening composition containing the seed of a plant on sand before and / or after spraying of the said solidification aqueous solution. The vegetation greening composition preferably includes, for example, an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer. In this way, seed germination and initial vegetation can be promoted. Moreover, it is preferable that a vegetation greening composition contains a lot of water. By carrying out like this, a vegetation greening composition can be penetrated deeply in sand. The permeated water is retained by the solidified porous sand layer having water retention, and can contribute to the initial growth of the plant. Examples of the fertilizer contained in the vegetation greening composition include animal (cow, sheep, etc.) feces, chemical fertilizer and the like. Moreover, as seeds contained in the vegetation greening composition, for example, 2-3 kinds of seeds having weather resistance, salt resistance, and drought resistance (for example, oil candy, silkworm, artemisia, carragana, etc.) can be mentioned.
植生緑化組成物は、例えば、保水性を持つ保水剤を含んでいてもよい。保水剤としては、例えば、ＰＶＡ（ポリビニ−ルアルコール）、ＭＣ（メチルセルロース）、ＣＭＣ（カルボキシメチルセルロース）などの保水性ポリマーや、アクリル系高分子の吸水性ポリマー、或いは無機系のパーライト、モンモリロナイト、バーミキュライト、さらに現地発生黄土、粘土などが挙げられる。また、保水剤は、保水性を有する高分子化合物であってもよい。高分子化合物は、天然高分子であっても合成高分子であってもよいが、使用する砂漠環境を破壊しないものがよい。特に乾燥が激しい砂漠地域では、保水性が良好でかつ自重の数百倍以上の水を吸収できるいわゆる吸水性ポリマーを保水剤として用いることが好ましい。 The vegetation greening composition may contain a water retention agent having water retention, for example. Examples of water retention agents include water retention polymers such as PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), MC (methyl cellulose), and CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), water-absorbing polymers of acrylic polymers, inorganic perlite, montmorillonite, vermiculite. In addition, local ocher and clay can be listed. The water retention agent may be a polymer compound having water retention. The polymer compound may be a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer, but preferably does not destroy the desert environment to be used. Particularly in a desert region where drought is severe, it is preferable to use a so-called water-absorbing polymer as a water retention agent that has good water retention and can absorb water more than several hundred times its own weight.
植生緑化組成物は、例えば、保肥性を持つ材料（保肥剤）を含むことが好ましい。このような材料としては、例えば、現地産出・分布された動物（牛、羊）糞をほぐして、液状にしたもの、黄土等が挙げられる。特に牛糞は、繊維質のものが多く含まれ、固砂または植生に効果的である。 The vegetation greening composition preferably includes, for example, a material having fertilizer (fertilizer). Such materials include, for example, loosened animal (cow, sheep) feces produced and distributed locally to make them liquid, and ocher. Cow dung is particularly rich in fiber and is effective for solid sand or vegetation.
前記固化した多孔質砂層の厚みは、５〜５０ｍｍの範囲が好適である。５ｍｍ以上であることにより、風食の著しい地域においても、砂または砂丘の移動を阻止する効果が一層高く、また、５０ｍｍ以下であることにより、使用する親水性ポリウレタン樹脂の量が少なくて済み、施工性、経済性において優れている。 The thickness of the solidified porous sand layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 mm. By being 5 mm or more, even in areas where wind erosion is significant, the effect of preventing the movement of sand or dunes is higher, and by being 50 mm or less, the amount of hydrophilic polyurethane resin to be used can be reduced, Excellent in workability and economy.
前記固化した多孔質砂層の圧縮強度は、例えば、０．５〜１．５Ｋｇ／ｃｍ2の範囲が好適であり、引っ張り強度は０．２〜０．５Ｋｇ／ｃｍ2の範囲が好適であり、空隙率は２５〜１０％の範囲が好適である。これら範囲内であることにより、植生緑化を促進する効果が一層高い。上記の各特性値は、固化用水溶液における親水性ポリウレタン樹脂の濃度を調整すること等により、変化させることができる。 The compressive strength of the solidified porous sand layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 Kg / cm 2 , and the tensile strength is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 Kg / cm 2 , The porosity is preferably in the range of 25 to 10%. By being in these ranges, the effect of promoting vegetation greening is even higher. Each of the above characteristic values can be changed by adjusting the concentration of the hydrophilic polyurethane resin in the aqueous solution for solidification.
前記固化用水溶液における親水性ポリウレタン樹脂の濃度は、２〜７重量％の範囲にある。２重量％以上であることにより、親水性ポリウレタン樹脂の反応固化時間が短くて済み、固化した多孔質砂層の強度が一層高くなり、風食のきわめて著しい地域においても砂または砂丘の移動を阻止することができる。また、７重量％以下であることにより、固化した多孔質砂層において、植生緑化に必要とする空隙（植物の生育環境（棲家））を確保することができ、植生緑化を促進する効果が一層著しくなる。 The concentration of the hydrophilic polyurethane resin in the solidifying aqueous solution is in the range of 2 to 7% by weight . By being 2% by weight or more, the reaction solidification time of the hydrophilic polyurethane resin can be shortened, the strength of the solidified porous sand layer is further increased, and the movement of sand or dunes is prevented even in a region where wind erosion is extremely remarkable. be able to. In addition, since it is 7% by weight or less, the solidified porous sand layer can secure voids (vegetation growth environment (house)) necessary for vegetation greening, and the effect of promoting vegetation greening is more remarkable. Become.
前記固化用水溶液の剤型は、例えば、液状、コロイド状、顆粒状とすることができる。親水性ポリウレタン樹脂は、短時間で水と反応し、砂粒子または他の固体粒子を網糸繊維状に結合・固化し、固化した多孔質砂層を形成する。 The dosage form of the solidifying aqueous solution can be, for example, liquid, colloidal, or granular. The hydrophilic polyurethane resin reacts with water in a short time to bind and solidify sand particles or other solid particles into a net fiber, thereby forming a solidified porous sand layer.
前記親水性ポリウレタン樹脂は、例えば、次にようにして製造することができる。すなわち、末端に２個以上のヒドロキシル基を有し、ポリオキシエチレン鎖を有する分子量１０００〜２００００の化合物（通称ポリエチレンオキサイド化合物とも言うもの）と、そのヒドロキシル基数と同モル数以上のポリイソシアネート化合物とを３０〜１２０℃の温度で、３０分〜７日間、必要に応じてジブチルチンジラウレート或いはトリエチレンジアミンのごとき触媒を使用し反応させ、ポリエチレンオキサイド化合物の両端にイソシアネート基を導入することによって製造することができる。かくして得られる親水性ポリウレタン樹脂は常温で液状〜ペースト状であり、親水性ポリウレタン樹脂１００重量部に対し９８〜８５重量％の水に溶解する。なお、この水溶液は２０秒〜２時間で強固な弾性のある不水溶性抱水プラスチック状となる。 The hydrophilic polyurethane resin can be produced, for example, as follows. That is, a compound having a molecular weight of 1000 to 20000 having two or more hydroxyl groups at the end and having a polyoxyethylene chain (also referred to as a polyethylene oxide compound), and a polyisocyanate compound having the same number of moles or more as the number of hydroxyl groups, Is produced by introducing isocyanate groups at both ends of the polyethylene oxide compound by reacting with a catalyst such as dibutyltin dilaurate or triethylenediamine as necessary at a temperature of 30 to 120 ° C. for 30 minutes to 7 days. Can do. The hydrophilic polyurethane resin thus obtained is liquid to paste at normal temperature and dissolves in 98 to 85% by weight of water with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrophilic polyurethane resin. This aqueous solution becomes a water-insoluble hydrated plastic with strong elasticity in 20 seconds to 2 hours.
固化用水溶液や植生緑化組成物は、例えば、通常の土木工事に使用する機械（例えば、モルタル吹付機、種子或いは水散布機等）を用いて砂漠面に散布、浸透させることができる。また、Y字管方式の特殊ノズル付の機械により、砂の表面に吹き付け散布することができる。また、農業用散水機のノズルにニードルバルブ（流量調節バルブ）のついた吸込口を取付けて、一定割合で吸込みながら、ノズルで水と混合し、散布する方法をとってもよい。 The aqueous solution for solidification and the vegetation greening composition can be sprayed and infiltrated into the desert surface using, for example, a machine (for example, a mortar sprayer, a seed or a water sprayer) used for ordinary civil engineering work. Moreover, it can be sprayed and sprayed on the surface of sand by a machine with a special nozzle of Y-shaped tube system. Alternatively, a suction port with a needle valve (flow rate control valve) may be attached to the nozzle of an agricultural sprinkler, and the water may be mixed with the nozzle and sprayed while sucking at a constant rate.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図１〜図３を用いて説明する。なお、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。即ち、本発明は、以下の実施形態に何ら限定されるべきものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、種々な態様で実施し得る。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the present invention should not be limited to the following embodiments at all, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
（ａ）砂漠模型の作製
縦１００ｃｍ×横１００ｃｍ×深さ２１ｃｍの木製型枠中に、豊浦標準砂（豊浦珪石鉱業株式会社産、比重ｄ＝２．６０）を充填し、適度な締固めにより、砂の厚みを２０ｃｍ、間隙率を４０％（一定）として、砂漠模型を作成した。
（ｂ）植生緑化組成物の散布
表１に示す配合組成で、植生緑化組成物を調製した。
(A) Production of desert model Touraura standard sand (produced by Toyoura quartzite mining Co., Ltd., specific gravity d = 2.60) is filled into a wooden form with a length of 100cm x width of 100cm x depth of 21cm, and by moderate compaction A desert model was prepared with a sand thickness of 20 cm and a porosity of 40% (constant).
(B) Spraying of vegetation greening composition A vegetation greening composition was prepared with the composition shown in Table 1.
（ｃ）固化用水溶液の散布
前記（ｂ）で植生緑化組成物を散布した後に、親水性ポリウレタン樹脂と水とを、Ｙ字管方式の特殊ノズル付の機械により混合し、砂漠模型における砂の表面に散布した。散布量は、砂漠模型の表面１ｍ2当り３．０Ｌとした。
(C) Dispersion of aqueous solution for solidification After spraying the vegetation revegetation composition in (b) above, hydrophilic polyurethane resin and water are mixed by a machine with a special nozzle of Y-tube method, Sprayed on the surface. The amount of application was 3.0 L per 1 m 2 of the desert model surface.
散布は、親水性ポリウレタン樹脂と水との混合液（固化用水溶液）における親水性ポリウレタン樹脂の濃度が、１重量％、２重量％、３重量％、４重量％、５重量％、６重量％、７重量％、８重量％、９重量％、１０重量％の場合について、それぞれ行った。なお、固化用水溶液の配合割合は表２に示すものとした。 As for spraying, the concentration of the hydrophilic polyurethane resin in the mixed solution (solidification aqueous solution) of the hydrophilic polyurethane resin and water is 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight. 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, and 10% by weight, respectively. The mixing ratio of the solidifying aqueous solution is shown in Table 2.
外観：無色〜淡黄色液体
主成分：親水性ポリウレタン樹脂
粘度（２０℃ｍＰａ.ｓ）：３００〜６００
比重（２０℃／４℃）：１．０８±０．０５
硬化時間（２０℃）：配合ＯＨ／水＝１０／９０、３〜６分
固化用水溶液は、砂の表面から所定の深さまで浸透し、それに含まれる親水性ポリウレタン樹脂（６）が砂（７）の粒子同士を結合することにより、図１、図３に示すように、砂の表面から所定深さまでの間に、固化した多孔質砂層（８）を形成する。なお、水（５）は固化した多孔質砂層（８）における空隙に保持される。
（比較例１）
前記実施例１の（ａ）と同様に作成した砂漠模型に対し、前記実施例１の（ｂ）と同様に、植生緑化組成物の散布を行った。次に、砂漠模型における砂の表面に、市販されている飛砂・粉塵防止剤（栗田工業株式会社製造の商品名クリコートＣ７２０グリーン）を、散布・浸透させた。飛砂・粉塵防止剤は、希釈濃度１１．７％で使用し、散布量は１ｍ2当り３.０Ｌとした。また、飛砂・粉塵防止剤の１ｍ2当りの使用量は３５０ｇである。
Appearance: colorless to light yellow liquid Main component: hydrophilic polyurethane resin Viscosity (20 ° C. mPa.s): 300 to 600
Specific gravity (20 ° C / 4 ° C): 1.08 ± 0.05
Curing time (20 ° C.): Compounding OH / water = 10/90, 3-6 minutes The aqueous solution for solidification penetrates from the surface of the sand to a predetermined depth, and the hydrophilic polyurethane resin (6) contained therein is sand (7 1), the solidified porous sand layer (8) is formed between the surface of the sand and a predetermined depth as shown in FIGS. Water (5) is retained in the voids in the solidified porous sand layer (8).
(Comparative Example 1)
The vegetation greening composition was sprayed on the desert model prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (a), as in Example 1 (b). Next, a commercially available flying sand / dust prevention agent (trade name Kuricoat C720 Green manufactured by Kurita Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was sprayed and infiltrated onto the sand surface of the desert model. The flying sand / dust prevention agent was used at a dilution concentration of 11.7%, and the application amount was 3.0 L per 1 m 2 . The amount of flying sand / dust inhibitor used per 1 m 2 is 350 g.
なお、飛砂・粉塵防止剤の物性（メーカーのカタログよるもの）は、以下の通りである。
外観：緑色乳状液体
主成分：合成樹脂エマルション
粘度（２３℃ｍＰａ.ｓ）：１,２００〜３,２００
比重（２３℃）：１.０６〜１.０８
（比較例２）
前記実施例１の（ａ）と同様に作成した砂漠模型に対し、前記実施例１の（ｂ）と同様に、植生緑化組成物の散布を行った。次に、砂漠模型における砂の表面に、セメントスラリーを散布・浸透させた。このセメントスラリーは、以下の組成を有する。なお、各成分の配合量は、スラリー１５Ｌ当りの値である。
The physical properties (according to the manufacturer's catalog) of the flying sand / dust prevention agent are as follows.
Appearance: Green milky liquid Main component: Synthetic resin emulsion Viscosity (23 ° C. mPa.s): 1,200-3,200
Specific gravity (23 ° C.): 1.06-1.08
(Comparative Example 2)
The vegetation greening composition was sprayed on the desert model prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (a), as in Example 1 (b). Next, cement slurry was sprayed and infiltrated onto the sand surface of the desert model. This cement slurry has the following composition. In addition, the compounding quantity of each component is a value per 15 L of slurries.
アロフィクスＭＣ（平均粒径４μｍ以下の超微粒子セメント、太平洋マテリアル株式会社製、真比重３．０、粉末度約９０００ｃｍ2／ｇ）：４．５Ｋｇ
水道水：１３．５ｋｇ
ＭＳ−３（ＭＣ専用分散剤）：４５ｇ
また、上記セメントスラリーは、水に所定量のＭＳ−３を投入し、通常のハンドミキサーで約１分程度練り混ぜた後、そこにアロフィクスＭＣを投入し、約３分程度混ぜることにより得られる。
（本発明の効果を確かめるための試験）
前記実施例１、比較例１及び比較例２で製作された全ての試験体（実施例１：９個、比較例１と比較例２：各１個、合計：１１個）を、屋外に放置した。そして、植生緑化組成物の散布（芝種子の播種）を行った時点（平成１８年４月）から最初の１ヶ月間は適宜散水し、１ヶ月経過後は散水を中止した。
Allofix MC (ultrafine particle cement having an average particle size of 4 μm or less, manufactured by Taiheiyo Material Co., Ltd., true specific gravity 3.0, fineness of about 9000 cm 2 / g): 4.5 kg
Tap water: 13.5kg
MS-3 (MC dispersant): 45g
The cement slurry is obtained by adding a predetermined amount of MS-3 to water, kneading with a normal hand mixer for about 1 minute, and then adding allofix MC there and mixing for about 3 minutes. .
(Test for confirming the effect of the present invention)
All specimens manufactured in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 (Example 1: 9; Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2: 1 each, total: 11) are left outdoors. did. Then, watering was appropriately performed for the first month from the time of spraying the vegetation greening composition (seeding of turf seeds) (April 2006), and watering was stopped after one month.
全ての試験体について、固化した多孔質砂層を形成する工程の実施後７日目に、固化した多孔質砂層の厚みと空隙率とを測定した。その結果を表３、表４に示す。 For all the specimens, the thickness and porosity of the solidified porous sand layer were measured on the seventh day after the step of forming the solidified porous sand layer. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
１）固化した多孔質砂層の全容積Ｖ１を事前に、ノギスを用いて算出する。
２）固化した多孔質砂層を２４時間以上水中で飽水させた後、水中重量Ｗ１を測定する。その際、固化した多孔質砂層内に空気溜りができないように水中で、固化した多孔質砂層を転がし、十分に空気を取除く。
1) The total volume V1 of the solidified porous sand layer is calculated in advance using calipers.
2) After the solidified porous sand layer is saturated in water for 24 hours or more, the weight W1 in water is measured. At that time, the solidified porous sand layer is rolled in water so that air cannot be retained in the solidified porous sand layer, and the air is sufficiently removed.
３）その後、気中で２４時間自然放置し、固化した多孔質砂層を表乾状態とし、気中重量Ｗ２を測定する。
４）下式により空隙率を算出する。
3) Then, it is left to stand naturally in the air for 24 hours, the solidified porous sand layer is brought into a surface dry state, and the air weight W2 is measured.
4) Calculate the porosity by the following formula.
Ａ（％）＝（１−（Ｗ２−Ｗ１）／Ｖ１×１００
ここで、Ａ：固化した多孔質砂層の空隙率、Ｗ１：固化した多孔質砂層の水中重量、Ｗ２：２４時間自然放置後における、固化した多孔質砂層の気中重量、Ｖ１：固化した多孔質砂層の全容積である。
A (%) = (1− (W2−W1) / V1 × 100
Here, A: porosity of the solidified porous sand layer, W1: weight of the solidified porous sand layer in water, W2: air weight of the solidified porous sand layer after natural standing for 24 hours, V1: solidified porous The total volume of the sand layer.
また、全ての試験体について、固化した多孔質砂層を形成する工程の実施から３ヶ月後に、固化した多孔質砂層の強度（表層強度）を評価した。その結果を表５に示す。 Moreover, about all the test bodies, the intensity | strength (surface layer strength) of the solidified porous sand layer was evaluated 3 months after implementation of the process of forming the solidified porous sand layer. The results are shown in Table 5.
また、各試験体に播種した二種類芝草（暖地型カーペットグラスと寒地型トールフェスク）の植生状況（発芽、生長、根の活着等の植生具合）、風、雨による砂の侵食程度、及び総合的な評価を行った。 In addition, the vegetation status of two types of turfgrass (warm-type carpet grass and cold-type tall fescue) sown on each specimen (vegetation conditions such as germination, growth, root survival, etc.), degree of sand erosion due to wind and rain, and overall Evaluation.
植生状況に関する評価は、平成１８年４月〜平成１８年１０月の期間（約半年）を通じて、自然環境下で行った。その評価は、以下の(i)〜(iii)の評価項目で行い、それらを総合して、良好、やや良好、不良で評価した。 The vegetation situation was evaluated in a natural environment throughout the period from April 2006 to October 2006 (approximately six months). The evaluation was performed with the following evaluation items (i) to (iii), and these were evaluated as good, slightly good, and poor.
(i)成長についての評価項目
寒地型トールフェスクは平均約２０〜４０ｃｍ前後に成長しているか、暖地型カーペットグラスは平均約１０〜２０ｃｍ前後に成長したか
(ii)発芽についての評価項目
面積１ｍ2の砂漠模型全体における発芽状況（発芽率）はどの程度であったか
(iii)根の活着についての評価項目
発芽した芝を指で引抜いた際に殆んど抵抗無く引抜ける、全体の半数以上が一定の引抜き抵抗を感じる、大半の芝が引抜き抵抗によって芹茎の切断を生じる、のいずれであるか
また、風、雨による侵食程度の評価は、砂漠模型の表面に生じた砂の乱れ具合、洗掘された程度などにより、×、△、○の三段階で評価した。
(i) Evaluation items for growth Whether the cold district type tall fescue has grown to an average of about 20-40 cm, or has the warm district type carpet glass grown to an average of about 10-20 cm?
(ii) Evaluation items for germination To what extent was the germination status (germination rate) of the entire desert model with an area of 1 m 2 ?
(iii) Evaluation items for root survival: When the sprouted turf is pulled out with almost no resistance, more than half of the whole feel a certain pulling resistance. In addition, the evaluation of the degree of erosion due to wind and rain is based on three levels, x, △, and o, depending on the turbulence of the sand generated on the surface of the desert model and the degree of scouring. evaluated.
また、総合的な評価については、植生状況に関する評価と、風、雨による侵食程度の評価とを踏まえて、植生効果と固砂効果との両面から、砂漠化防止方法として有効である否かを評価した。 In addition, comprehensive evaluation is based on the evaluation of the vegetation situation and the evaluation of the degree of erosion caused by wind and rain. evaluated.
評価結果を表６に示す。 The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.
それに対し、比較例１で作成した試験体では、初期（１ヶ月以内）には植生効果が生じるが、時間の経過に従って風、雨の侵食により、植生効果を失ってしまった。また、比較例２で作成した試験体では、アルカリ性のセメントを用いることにより、植生効果が全く生じなかった。 On the other hand, the vegetation effect was produced in the initial stage (within 1 month) in the specimen prepared in Comparative Example 1, but the vegetation effect was lost due to wind and rain erosion over time. Moreover, in the test body created by the comparative example 2, the vegetation effect did not arise at all by using alkaline cement.
１・・・草・木
２・・・種子
３・・・保水剤
４・・・保肥材
５・・・水
６・・・親水性ポリウレタン樹脂
７・・・砂漠、砂
８・・固化した多孔質砂層
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Grass and
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| KR100965734B1 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-06-24 | 류영호 | The system for the greens of the desert |
| KR20090053763A (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2009-05-27 | 김덕섭 | The environmental spreading protector for the anti-winding sand and the green tract of desert, thereof its subsidy method |
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| CN103798006A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2014-05-21 | 江苏艾特克环境工程设计研究院有限公司 | Rapid sand-stabilization, growth-promotion, growth-protection and water-saving ecological restoration method for desertification areas |
| CN103798006B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏艾特克环境工程设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of quickly fixating sand, growth-promoting protect desertificated area ecological restoring method that is raw, water saving |
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