JP3245303B2 - Greening materials - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a greening material for use in greening and stabilizing slopes and other places, a method of greening and stabilizing slopes and other places using the greening material, And a greening base formed using the greening material. In particular, the present invention does not cause cracking, collapse, falling off, or outflow in a greening base formed from greening materials, and quickly reinforces and stabilizes slopes and other places for a long period of time. The present invention relates to a greening material, a greening method and a greening base that can be greened.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For the purpose of road and rail network maintenance, residential land development, golf course and leisure land development, dam construction, etc., mountainous areas and forests are cut open and landfilled. There are many slopes, flat surfaces, and vertical walls where the soil is directly exposed without being covered with plants such as grass and trees. Such exposed parts, especially exposed parts such as slopes and vertical walls, are extremely unstable, with the danger of the soil being easily collapsed by wind, rain, vibrations, earthquakes, etc., and because the soil is exposed. The aesthetics and natural environment are significantly impaired.

[0003] Therefore, plants are planted, germinated and grown on exposed slopes, flat surfaces, vertical walls, etc. of the soil that emerged in the above-mentioned development and landfill works, and the ground is reinforced and strengthened by the roots of the plants. Greening has been practiced for a long time while stabilizing. However, planting plant seedlings by hand or sowing seeds by hand requires enormous labor and cost, and planting trees and sowing works on slopes and cliffs is dangerous. Often accompanied. Therefore, as a relatively simple method, a large amount of cement is mixed with bark compost, fertilizer, seeds, etc. as a binder to produce a greening material mixture, and water is added to the greening material and compressed air is used to make soil. A method of stabilizing and greening the ground by spraying on a slope or the like where the surface is exposed has been developed, and is generally referred to as a thick base material spraying method. This thick base material spraying method is most frequently used at present because it has advantages such as safe and quick construction by mechanization, and economical ability to appropriately set the sprayed thickness of the greening material.

[0004] However, in the above-mentioned thick layer base material spraying method, the base material shrinks at the time of drying and the like, and cracks easily occur. Therefore, the plant growth base material is weakened, and the base material grows from the cracked portion by rain or the like. The soil under the ground is washed away or collapsed, and in some cases, the plant growth base itself falls off, collapses, and disappears, causing seeds to be washed away or uncovered, and suitable for germination and growth of plants There is a problem that the environment is damaged. In addition, since this method uses a large amount of cement as a binder, there is a problem in that germination and growth of plants are impaired by the strong alkalinity of cement.

[0005] For the purpose of improving the above-mentioned disadvantage of the occurrence of cracks in the thick-layer base material spraying method, it has been attempted to use both the thick-layer base material spraying method and the rhombic wire netting method.
The effect of preventing cracking is not yet sufficient. Further, for the purpose of solving the above-mentioned drawbacks in the conventional thick-substrate spraying method of inhibiting the germination and growth of plants by using a large amount of cement, peat moss and / or bark compost is mixed with crimped fiber and earth and sand, In some cases, it has been proposed to mix this with a small amount of cement or other binder to form a greening base material, and spray or spread this greening base material on the place where greening is to be performed to achieve greening. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 29933/1990), the proposed greening base material does not use cement or uses only a small amount thereof, so that the germination and growth of plants caused by the strong alkalinity of cement can be achieved. There are some effects in terms of inhibition of the effect.

However, the aforementioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-299
The greening base material disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 33 uses crimped fibers having large expansion and contraction, and further contains a large amount of earth and sand having a large specific gravity of about 60% by weight or more. Because the amount of binder used is very small,
The specific gravity of the greening base formed therefrom is remarkably high, and the greening base itself lacks the constraint. Therefore, when this greening base material is applied to slopes such as slopes, especially steep slopes, it moves downward and slips down due to the high specific gravity due to the inclusion of a large amount of earth and sand, and it is included in the greening base material accompanying it. Various causes such as elongation of crimped fibers, insufficient bonding due to a small amount of binder, and the like, cause cracks and collapse in the greening base material, and easily cause the greening base material to fall or slip off from the slope. In addition, the ground cannot be stabilized on slopes, and good germination and growth of plants cannot be achieved.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a high restraint property which, when applied to a slope or other place, causes cracking, division, slipping, falling, etc. As a result, soil and the like can be prevented from being washed away or collapsed by wind, rain, vibration, etc. on slopes and other places, and slopes and other places can be reinforced and stabilized for a long time. To provide greening materials that can be used. The object of the present invention is to eliminate the loss of seeds and fertilizers contained in the greening material, and to germinate plants and grow roots and the like faster than conventional greening materials. It can be stretched to every corner and can stabilize and revegetate slopes and other places with greening materials with high restraint in a short period of time without cracking etc. Providing greening materials. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a greening material that can be easily and quickly applied to slopes and other places by a spraying method or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for smoothly stabilizing and greening slopes and other places using greening materials having various characteristics described above.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of repeated studies by the present inventors to achieve the above object, in preparing a greening material, fibers having a specific single fiber fineness and aspect ratio are particularly selected and used. When the fiber is contained in a specific amount, and together with the bark compost, peat moss and the binder in a specific amount, the greening base formed from the greening material has a low bulk density. Even when applied to slopes and other places, especially on steep slopes, no adverse effects such as slipping or falling occur, and despite the low bulk density, the greening material itself has a large restraint. It does not cause cracks or splits, and is extremely suitable for growing plants.It is very fast to germinate plants and grow root systems, and quickly greens slopes and other places in a short period of time. And The present invention has been completed found that can be stabilized.

That is, the present invention relates to a material for greening, and based on the total weight of the material, (a) the single fiber fineness is 0.7
~ 120 denier and aspect ratio 120 ~ 130
0 to 0.2% by weight of fiber, (b) 50% by weight or more of bark compost, (c) 2 to 45% by weight of peat moss,
And (d) a binder for greening, comprising 0.1 to 25% by weight of a binder. The present invention also includes a method for greening and stabilizing the greening material by applying the greening material to a slope and / or another place, and a greening base formed using the greening material.

First, the greening material of the present invention needs to contain, as component (a), fibers having a single fiber fineness of 0.7 to 120 denier and an aspect ratio of 120 to 1300. If the single fiber fineness of the fibers used in the greening material of the present invention is less than 0.7, dispersibility of the fibers is reduced when mixed with other materials, and a uniform mixture cannot be obtained,
On the other hand, if it exceeds 120 denier, the total surface area of the fibers decreases, the constraining property decreases, and a greening material having excellent crack resistance cannot be obtained. From the viewpoint of dispersibility, crack resistance and economy, it is preferable to use fibers having a single fiber fineness of 0.8 to 25 denier, and more preferably to use fibers having a single fiber fineness of 5 to 25 denier.

The single fiber fineness used in the present invention is 0.1.
The above-mentioned fiber having a denier of 7 to 120 needs to have an aspect ratio of 120 to 1300 as described above, which means that the fiber used in the present invention is not a continuous filament fiber but has an aspect ratio of 120-1
It means that the fiber has been cut to a predetermined length to be 300.

The aspect ratio of the fiber used in the present invention is 1
If it is less than 20, the fibers are too short and the adhesion between the fibers and the binder and other materials becomes insufficient in the greening base formed from the greening material, and the restraint on the greening base is reduced, resulting in a crack resistance. Etc. decrease. On the other hand, when the aspect ratio of the fiber exceeds 1300, the entanglement between the fibers becomes too large, and the dispersibility of the fiber is reduced, so that the mixing operation at the time of manufacturing the greening material and the construction work on the slope of the greening material and the like are performed. It becomes difficult, and when spraying construction, it is necessary to use a specially designed nozzle or the like. In addition, if the aspect ratio of the fibers exceeds 1300, the fibers become entangled when mixed with other materials to form a so-called fiber ball, and a sufficient reinforcing effect cannot be obtained. Also, if fibers having an aspect ratio of more than 1300 are used, the fibers will ride on the partition (block lattice) or the like at the time of spraying the greening material onto the slope or other places, and the aesthetic appearance will be impaired, or the greening will occur. When insects or birds stop on the base made of materials, they cause damage to the base by catching their feet or wings on the fibers, or cause natural protection problems such as damage to the insects or birds. .

[0013] Ease of mixing work when producing greening material, handleability when greening material is installed on slopes and other places, reinforcement effect by greening base formed from greening material, fiber ball It is preferable to use a fiber having an aspect ratio of 150 to 700, and an aspect ratio of 200 to 50, from the viewpoints of preventing the formation of greenery, the appearance of a greening base formed from a greening material, and protecting organisms such as insects and birds.
It is further preferred to use fibers that are zero. Here, the aspect ratio of the fiber referred to in the present specification means a value obtained as follows.

Fiber aspect ratio : The average fiber length (L) (mm) of the fiber is measured with a ruler. On the other hand, the average cross-sectional area (S) (mm ² ) of the fiber was measured from a microscope cross-sectional photograph, and the diameter (D) (mm) of a circle having the same cross-sectional area as the measured average cross-sectional area (S) (mm ² ) ) Is calculated, and the aspect ratio of the fiber is determined by the following equation 1.

[0015]

## EQU1 ## Aspect ratio of fiber = L / D

The cross-sectional shape of the fiber used as the component (a) in the present invention is not particularly limited.
It can be of any shape, such as square, triangular, polygonal, multilobal, T-shaped, V-shaped, hollow, and the like. Among them, it is preferable to use flat fibers having a flat cross section in order to increase the surface area of the fibers to increase the restraint of the greening base formed from the greening material and to improve the crack resistance and the like. The flattened fiber in this case has a flatness expressed as d / w of 0. 0, where W is the length of the longest diameter in the fiber cross section and d is the diameter of the fiber cross section that divides the longest diameter into two equal parts vertically. It is preferable to use a flat fiber having a flatness of 15 to 0.75 from the viewpoint of dispersibility and adhesive strength by the fiber when producing a greening material, and a flat fiber having a flatness of 0.2 to 0.5. It is more preferred to use.

In the present invention, as long as the single fiber fineness and the aspect ratio of the fibers are in the above-mentioned ranges, even if all the fibers contained in the greening material have the same thickness and length, they differ. However, it is preferable to use fibers having a uniform thickness and length from the viewpoints of handleability, cracking resistance of a greening base formed from a greening material, and the like. Further, the fiber used in the present invention is preferably not bent, and when the bent fiber is used, a force that tends to become a stable linear shape after construction by spraying or the like is generated, and the fiber rebounds. In addition, large voids are formed between the fibers and other materials, so that the density of the greening base formed from the greening material becomes too low or large unevenness occurs in the density. In addition, it is preferable to use a fiber having no crimp from the viewpoint of imparting high restraint to the greening substrate and improving crack resistance.

Examples of the fibers used in the present invention include synthetic fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, organic natural fibers, glass fibers, mineral fibers, metal fibers, and carbon fibers. May also be used in combination of two or more. Among them, polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers or polyacrylonitrile-based fibers are preferable from the viewpoint of weather resistance and corrosion resistance. In addition, these polyvinyl alcohol fibers and polyacrylonitrile fibers,
Compared to other fibers, it is excellent in that it is less likely to bend during kneading, and the polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber is a binder (d)
It is particularly excellent in that it has high affinity with cement, organic polymers, and the like used as a material, and can impart good restraint properties and crack resistance to a greening base formed from a greening material.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned fiber is added in an amount of 0.2 to 6% by weight based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water.
Of 0.5 to 3% by weight
Is preferably contained at a ratio of If the content of the fiber in the greening material is less than 0.2% by weight, the restraint of the greening base formed from the greening material becomes insufficient and the cracking resistance is reduced, while the fiber content is 6% by weight. %, The dispersibility of the fibers in the greening material is reduced, making it difficult to perform the manufacturing and construction work of the greening material, and further, the strength of the greening base formed from the greening material is reduced.

The greening material of the present invention must contain, as the component (b), bark compost in a proportion of 50% by weight or more based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water. Yes, it is preferable to contain bark compost in a ratio of 65 to 93% by weight. This bark compost is a fertilizer,
It functions as a soil improvement component, a water retention component, etc., and promotes the germination of seeds and the growth of plants that have been transported from other places into the greening base by seeds or wind contained in the greening material. The type and preparation method of the bark compost are not particularly limited,
Any of those distributed and sold as bark compost can be used. When the content of bark compost in the greening material is less than 50% by weight, the bulk density of the greening base obtained from the greening material increases and the water retention of the greening base decreases, and the slope and other Cracks, downward shifts, falling, etc. when applied to a place, and also suppresses the germination of plants and the full development of the root system.
A greening base having an excellent stabilizing effect is not quickly formed.

Further, the greening material of the present invention needs to contain peat moss as a component (c) in a proportion of 2 to 45% by weight based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water. Yes, it is preferable to contain peat moss in a ratio of 4 to 30% by weight. The peat moss has a function as a soil improvement material, and is useful for imparting air permeability, water retention, fertilization, and the like to a greening base formed from a greening material. There are no particular restrictions on the origin of peat moss.
Any of the sold peat moss can be used. If the content of peat moss in the greening material is less than 2% by weight, sufficient ventilation, water retention, fertilizing properties, etc. are not imparted to the greening base, and the bulk density of the greening base formed from the greening material is reduced. It becomes so high that plants do not germinate or grow sufficiently. On the other hand, when the content of peat moss is more than 45% by weight, the bulk density of the greening base formed from the greening material of the present invention is lower than 0.20 g / cm ³ , and the restraint of the greening base is reduced, resulting in low resistance. Cracking properties became poor, and soil improvement effect, performance of greening base etc. did not improve any more,
The use of a large amount of expensive peat moss increases costs. And in the greening material of this invention, it is preferable that the total content of bark compost and peat moss is 75-98 weight% based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water.

Further, the greening material of the present invention contains, as the component (d), a binder in a ratio of 0.1 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water. As the binder, it is preferable to use cement and / or an organic polymer such as resin or rubber. When these are used as the binder, the above-mentioned fibers, bark compost, peat moss and the like are combined to form a slope. The greening material can be stably and firmly bonded to the ground and other places to form a greening base having excellent ground stabilization and greening performance. The cement and the binder composed of the organic polymer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

When cement is used as a binder,
8 to 2 based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water
It is preferably contained in a ratio of 5% by weight,
More preferably, it is contained at a ratio of weight%. When cement is used as a binder, the pH of superphosphate
It is preferable to neutralize the alkali by using a buffer in combination to improve the germination and growth of the plant. In that case, the pH buffer is added to about 0.05 to 1.0 weight based on the weight of the cement. % Is preferably contained in the greening material.
When cement is used as a binder, when the content of cement in the greening material is less than 8% by weight, the holding ability of the greening base formed from the greening material becomes poor, and the slope, particularly It is difficult to stably maintain the greening base on a steep slope for a long period of time. On the other hand, if the cement content exceeds the above 25% by weight, the viscosity of the greening material increases significantly, and construction work such as spraying is performed. Become difficult,
Moreover, the bulk density of the greening base formed from the greening material becomes too high, and even if a pH buffer is used, the alkali concentration becomes high, and the greening base tends to crack, fall off from the slope, and the like. Germination and growth of plants are inhibited. When cement is used as a binder, since the preferable minimum amount is 8% by weight as described above, the upper limit of the above-mentioned amount of peat moss is preferably 41.8% by weight or less.

When an organic polymer is used as the binder, any organic polymer such as a resin and / or rubber that can be dissolved or dispersed in water can be used. Examples of organic polymers suitable for use as a binder include polyethylene glycol-based resins, polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, vinyl acetate-based resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, and the like, and these organic polymers may be used alone. They may be used or two or more of them may be used in combination. The binder composed of an organic polymer may be mixed with the greening material in the form of an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion. It is preferable to use an organic polymer having a water solubility of 10% or less as measured by the following method, as the binder, because the greening base may collapse before the root system of the plant is fully developed.

Solubility of organic polymer in water : 100 g of organic polymer powder (having an average particle size of about 500 μm or less)
The solution was added to 1 liter of water at a temperature of 20 ° C., which was stirred at 00 rpm. At 60 minutes after the addition, the content was filtered to recover the remaining organic polymer without dissolving.
After drying at a temperature of 0 ° C. for 24 hours, the weight (A) (g) is measured, and the solubility of the organic polymer in water is determined from the following equation (2).

[0026]

## EQU2 ## Solubility (%) of organic polymer = {(100-A) / 1
00} × 100

When an organic polymer is used as a binder, the organic polymer is contained in the greening material in a ratio of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water. It is preferred that the content be contained at a ratio of 0.5 to 3% by weight. When the organic polymer is used as a binder, if the content is less than 0.1% by weight, the holding ability of the greening base is poor, and the greening base is stable for a long time, especially on a steep slope. It becomes difficult to keep the greening base material, and the restraint of the greening base formed from the greening material decreases, resulting in poor cracking resistance. On the other hand, if the content of the organic polymer in the greening material exceeds 5% by weight, the viscosity of the greening material increases significantly, making construction work such as spraying difficult, and the bulk density of the greening base becomes too high. The germination and growth of the plant are inhibited, and the cost is increased.

When an organic polymer, particularly a water-soluble or water-swellable organic polymer, is used as a binder, the shrinkage upon solidification is smaller than that when cement is used,
It is highly flexible and swells with water, making it possible to further reduce the cracks in the greening base. In addition, it is less affected by alkalis, etc., and is more excellent in water retention, so germination of plants And growth is better.

In the present invention, the cement is used at a ratio of 8 to 25% by weight as described above, or the organic polymer is used at a ratio of 0.1 to 5% by weight. Combined with the fact that the greening base formed from the greening material has a low bulk density and is extremely lightweight, and has good binding properties and excellent cracking resistance, the conventional greening material Even on steep slopes such as 45 ° to 60 °, which were difficult to implement, the greening base of the present invention can be stably and firmly maintained for a long period of time to achieve greening and stabilization of the ground. can do.

Further, in the present invention, as described above, cement and an organic polymer may be used in combination as a binder, in which case the total content of both is 0.1% of the above-mentioned binder.
The bulk density of the greening substrate formed from the greening material is 0.30 to 0.30% by weight while being within the range of 1 to 25% by weight.
It is preferable to prepare a greening material by adjusting the usage ratio of both binders so as to be in the range of 0.65 g / cm ³ .

The material for greening of the present invention may contain plant seeds, fertilizers, and the like, if necessary, as long as the effect is not impaired.
May contain pH buffering agents, earth and sand, and / or seeds and / or fertilizers for rapid germination and growth of plants for early greening and stabilization of slopes and other places It is preferable to keep it. In that case, the type of seed is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the topography, environment, weather conditions, and the like of the place where the greening material of the present invention is constructed. The content of the seed in the greening material can also be appropriately determined according to the type of the seed, the state of the place where the greening material is applied, and the like. But not limited, examples of seed, turf, Medohagi, there may be mentioned seed such as Polygonum cuspidatum, when using these seeds, based on the total weight before the greening Materials for the addition of water , About 0.05 to 0.2% by weight in the greening material.

The type and content of the fertilizer are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of seeds to be contained in the greening material. The use of potassium silicate is convenient because it has little effect on the specific gravity and cracking resistance of greening materials.
In that case, the fertilizer may be contained at a ratio of about 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the greening material before adding water.

In the present invention, the components (a) to (d)
When components and seeds, or seeds, fertilizers, and other components are mixed in the proportions described above to prepare greening materials, which are applied to the slopes or other places by spraying, etc. 0.20 to 0.65 g density
/ Cm ³ can be formed, and the green base has such a low bulk density in the specific range, so that the plant germination, root system development, Voids and water retention required for growth and the like can be provided to the greening substrate. In this case, the bulk density of the greening base formed from the greening material is 0.30 to 0.60 g / c.
It is more preferable to adjust the mixing ratio of each raw material within the mixing range of the present invention so as to be within the range of m ³ , or to select a mixing method or a method of applying to a slope.

Here, the bulk density of the greening substrate in this specification is a value measured as follows. Measurement of the bulk density of the greening base : After forming greening bases by spraying greening materials on the slopes and other places by the construction method, etc., a test piece consisting of a cube of 5 cm on a side from any place on the greening bases Cut off the test piece at a temperature of 2
After leaving it in a test room at 0 ° C. and a humidity of 40% for 7 days, its weight (W) (g) is measured, and the bulk density of the greening substrate is determined by the following equation (3).

[0035]

[Formula 3] Bulk density of the greening substrate (g / cm ³ ) = W / (5 × 5 × 5)

The method of mixing the above components when preparing the greening material is not particularly limited, and any mixing method may be used as long as each component can be uniformly mixed and dispersed in the greening material. Good. In addition, the method for applying the greening material of the present invention to the slope or other places is not particularly limited, and any method can be used. Examples of the application method include a method of blowing using compressed air and a method of using compressed air. And a method of spraying or depositing it on a slope without using the same. Among them, it is particularly preferable to employ a method of blowing using compressed air, since it is possible to efficiently and uniformly apply a desired thickness in a short time. And when constructing the greening material of the present invention by spraying,
In order to perform the spraying operation smoothly, it is preferable to add about 20 to 30 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of the greening material. The type of the spraying machine and the spraying pressure are not particularly limited, and conventionally known devices and pressures can be used. However, when the spraying pressure is set to about 3 to 5 kg / cm ² , the bulk density described above is reduced to 0.1 kg / cm ² . A green base having a weight of 20 to 0.65 g / cm ³ can be obtained smoothly.

In particular, when using cement as a binder and spraying on slopes or other places,
After uniformly mixing peat moss, bark compost, cement and, if necessary, seeds and fertilizers, add fiber to about 30
It is preferable to knead the mixture for about 60 seconds, transfer the mixture to a spraying machine, mix the water in the above-described ratio, and spray the mixture toward a slope or another place. When using an organic polymer as a binder for spraying, peat moss, bark compost and, if necessary, seeds and fertilizers are mixed uniformly, and then fibers are added to the mixture.
It is desirable to knead the mixture for about 0 to 60 seconds, transfer it to the spraying machine, and simultaneously supply water in which the organic polymer is dissolved or dispersed to the spraying machine, and spray the water toward the slope or another place. .

The material for greening of the present invention may be applied to any place such as the ground where greening or stabilization is required, and the place for the installation is not particularly limited. It can be constructed in places where it has been cut, maintained, reclaimed, etc. for the purpose of development, development of golf courses and leisure lands, installation and maintenance of sports facilities, construction of dams, and improvement of rivers and coastal areas. There are no particular restrictions on the topography of the construction site, and slopes, flat surfaces (flatlands), undulating surfaces, hills,
Depending on the case, a vertical surface may be used, and it is particularly suitable for construction on a slope. In addition, there is no particular limitation on the method of preparing the ground when constructing the greening material of the present invention, and the method may be performed by any of the methods adopted in the conventional greening base formation technology. It is possible to adopt a method of forming a block lattice and then applying a greening material thereto. Further, the construction thickness of the greening material of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to various requirements such as the topography of the construction surface, the inclination angle, and the weather condition, and is generally about 2 to 5 cm. It is preferable to perform the work so as to have a thickness.

[0039]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the evaluation of the dispersibility of the fibers in the greening base formed from the greening material and the evaluation of the crack resistance of the greening base were performed as follows.

Evaluation of fiber dispersibility : A greening base formed by spraying a greening material was visually observed, and when fibers were uniformly dispersed without any unevenness throughout the greening base, When the fibers are almost uniformly dispersed, ○, when the fibers are not uniformly dispersed in the greening base but no fiber balls are formed, △ when the fiber ball of the fibers is formed in the greening base The case was evaluated as x.

Evaluation of cracking resistance : After exposing a greening base formed by spraying a greening material to the outdoors for one month while maintaining the slope angle at the time of spraying (temperature of about 1 during the exposure period)
5-25 ° C, humidity about 40-100%, number of rainfall about 8
Times), placed in a room at a temperature of 20 ° C and a humidity of 40%, cured for 7 days, and arbitrarily selected 5 places (one area = 20c)
mx 20 cm), and the width of the crack that can be visually observed is measured with a vernier caliper, and the average value of five places is taken.
mm, the average value of the crack width is 1.0 to
In the case of 5.0 mm, Δ, and the average value of the width of the crack was 5.0.
The case of exceeding mm was evaluated as x.

Example 1 (1) 75.3 parts by weight of bark compost (“Orga Soil No. 1” manufactured by Toko Construction Co., Ltd.), peat moss (Canada) 2
0.2 parts by weight, 0.1 parts by weight of plant seeds (turfgrass seeds) and chemical fertilizer ("Birdy" manufactured by Kyowa Oil Industry Co., Ltd.)
After mixing 0.9 parts by weight using a bread mixer for 90 seconds, a polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber having a single fiber fineness and an aspect ratio shown in Table 1 below (flatness: 0.5)
(RKW-1502, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) was added in an amount of 1.0 part by weight, and the mixture was further mixed for 30 to 60 seconds. The obtained mixture was transferred to a tank of a spraying machine (“Mortar spraying machine“ Trugan All ”) manufactured by Toko Construction Co., Ltd.) using a belt conveyor. 2.5 parts by weight of a water-soluble acrylic resin binder (solubility in water: 2.2%) previously mixed with 25 parts by weight of water are mixed in the tank and mixed for 180 seconds to contain water. A mixture (greening material) was obtained [in this greening material, based on the total weight of the greening material excluding water, 75.3% by weight of bark compost, 20.2% by weight of peat moss, acrylic resin binder 2. 5% by weight, 1.0% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, 0.1% by weight of plant seeds and 0.9% by weight of chemical fertilizer (100% by weight in total)].

(2) A mortar plate (length: 180 cm, width: 90 cm, thickness: 5 cm) having a skewer finish on its surface
A temporary slope provided with an inclination of 5 ° or 60 ° is prepared, and the mixture containing water (material for greening) obtained in the above (1) is supplied to the temporary slope by using a hose having an inner diameter of 38 mm. Was sprayed at a pressure of 4.0 kg / cm ² to a thickness of 50 mm using the spraying machine described above to form a greening substrate. (3) When the dispersibility of the fibers (polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers) in the greening substrate formed in the above (2) was evaluated by the above method, the results were as shown in Table 1 below. Further, when the cracking resistance of the greening substrate formed in the above (2) was evaluated by the above-mentioned method, the results were as shown in Table 2 below.

[0044]

[Table 1] [Evaluation results of fiber dispersibility in greening substrate] Single fiber fineness (denier) 0.5 1.0 15 20 100 100 150 Fiber aspect ratio : 100 △ △ ◎ ◎ ◎ 150 × ○ ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ 200 ○ ◎ ◎ ◎ 500 ○ ○ ○ ○ 700 △ ○ ○ ○ 1200 × △ △ ○ △ × 1500 × × × × ×

[0045]

[Table 2] [Evaluation results of cracking resistance of greening substrate] Single fiber fineness (denier) 0.5 1.0 15 20 100 100 150 Fiber aspect ratio : 100 × × × × 150 △ ○ ○ ○ △ × 200 ◎ ◎ ◎ △ △ 500 ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ 700 700 ○ ○ ○ △ 1200 1200 △ △ × 1500 1500 △ △ △ △

Compiling the results in Tables 1 and 2 above,
When fibers (polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers) having a single fiber fineness in the range of 0.7 to 120 denier and an aspect ratio in the range of 120 to 1300 are used, the dispersibility of the fibers in the greening base is good. Further, it can be seen that the greening base has excellent crack resistance.

Example 2 In Example 1 (1), the content of polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber (single fiber fineness: 15 denier, aspect ratio: 360, flatness: 0.5) was adjusted to 1.0% by weight (10% by weight). Table 3 below instead of
The amount (% by weight) shown in Table 1 was changed, and the excess or deficiency with respect to 1.0% by weight of the blending ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber increased or decreased the blending ratio of the bark compost, and otherwise the same as (1) of Example 1 To produce greening materials containing water. Using this greening material, the temporary slope was sprayed in the same manner as in Example 1 (2) to form a greening base.
When the dispersibility and the crack resistance of the fibers (polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers) in the resulting greening substrate were evaluated by the above-described methods, the results were as shown in Table 3 below.

[0048]

[Table 3] Fiber content (% by weight) in greening materials 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.75 0.1 3.0 5.0 7.0 Fiber dispersibility ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ ○ △ × Crack resistance × △ ○ ◎ ◎ ◎ ○ ×

From the results shown in Table 3, when the content of fibers in the greening material is 0.2 to 6% by weight, particularly 0.5 to 3% by weight, the fibers are uniformly dispersed in the greening base. It can be seen that the greening base has good crack resistance.

<< Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 >> (1) The content (% by weight) of each component in the greening material was set so as to be as shown in Table 4 below.
The same bark compost, peat moss, plant seeds and chemical fertilizer as used in (1) of Example 1 were used, together with cement (ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Onoda), pH
After mixing a buffer (superphosphate lime) and earth and sand (river sand from Tonegawa; specific gravity 2.60, FM 1.90, maximum particle size 2.5 mm, surface dry state) using a pan mixer for 90 seconds,
Polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers (single fiber fineness: 15 denier, aspect ratio: 360, flatness: 0.5; "RKW-1502" manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) were added at the ratio shown in Table 4 and kneaded for 30 to 60 seconds. The kneaded material was transferred to a tank of the same spraying machine as used in Example 1 on a belt conveyor, and water was added at a rate of 2 parts per 100 parts by weight of the kneaded material.
The mixture was mixed in the tank at a ratio of 5 parts by weight and mixed for 180 seconds to obtain a mixture containing water (greening material).

(2) The mixture containing water (greening material) obtained in the above (1) was sprayed on a temporary slope in the same manner as in (2) of Example 1 to form a greening base. The bulk density of the resulting greening substrate was measured by the above-described method, and the dispersibility and crack resistance of the fibers (polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers) in the greening substrate were evaluated by the above-described method. It was as shown. In addition, at 10 days after spraying on the temporary slope, five arbitrary locations on the greening base (one area = 20 cm × 20 c
m), the number of seeds germinated at those locations is counted, and the average value of the number of germinated plants per location is taken.
The plant height of all germinated seeds was measured and the average value was determined. The result was as shown in Table 4 below.

[0052]

[Table 4] Example Example Example Example Comparative example Comparative example Comparative example 3 4 5 1 2 3 Greening material composition (% by weight) : Textile 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Bark compost 62.6 77.8 72.8 26.2 15.6 26.2 Peat moss 20.2 5.0 5.0 10.1 5.0 10.1 Cement 15.0 15.0 20.0 15.0 50.0 1.0 pH buffer 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Plant seed 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Chemical fertilizer 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Soil 0 0 0 46.5 27.2 60.5 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Properties of greening substrate : Bulk density (g / cm ³ ) 0.40 0.52 0.60 0.68 1.09 0.72 Germination number (number) 530 320 275 121 25 110 Plant height (mm) 28 19 18 16 8 15 Crack resistance Spray gradient 45 ° ◎ ◎ ○ ○ × △ Spray gradient 60 ° ◎ ○ ○ × × ×

From the results shown in Table 4 above, bark compost, peat moss and cement were blended with the fibers having the single fiber fineness and the aspect ratio within the above-defined ranges specified by the present invention in the amounts specified by the present invention. , This with plant seeds,
When the greening material of the present invention of Examples 3 to 5 obtained by mixing a fertilizer and a pH buffer was used, the bulk density of the greening base formed from the greening material was 0.20 to 0.20. 0.
It is understood that a greening base which is low in the range of 65 g / cm ³ and has excellent crack resistance is formed, and that the germination and growth of the plant are extremely good in the greening base. On the other hand, in the case of bark compost, the greening material of Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3 in which one or two or more of peat moss and cement are out of the range of the present invention described above, the bark compost is formed from the greening material. has been bulk density of greening foundation dense there is also 0.68 g / cm ³ or more, poor resistance to crazing, yet with germination and plant growth becomes significantly worse than example 3 example 5 You can see that there is.

<< Examples 6 to 8 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 >> (1) The contents (weight%) of the respective raw materials in the greening material were set so as to be the ratios (% by weight) shown in Table 5 below.
The same bark compost, peat moss, plant seeds and chemical fertilizer as used in (1) of Example 1 were used, together with the same earth and sand as used in Examples 3 to 5 using a bread mixer for 90 seconds. After mixing, polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers (single fiber fineness: 15 denier, aspect ratio: 360, flatness: 0.5; "RKW-1502" manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) were added at the ratio shown in Table 5 and kneaded for 30 to 60 seconds. . The obtained mixture was transferred to a spraying machine tank by a belt conveyor in the same manner as in Example 1 (1). Example 1
The same water-soluble acrylic resin binder 2 used in (1) above
Table 5 shows that the content of the acrylic resin binder in the greening material was determined by mixing 5 parts by weight with 30 parts by weight of water in advance.
Into the tank in an amount such that the ratio shown in
After mixing for 0 second, a mixture containing water (greening material) was obtained.

(2) The mixture containing water (greening material) obtained in the above (1) was sprayed on a temporary slope in the same manner as in (2) of Example 1 to form a greening base. The bulk density of the resulting greening substrate was measured by the above-described method, and the dispersibility and crack resistance of the fibers (polyvinyl alcohol-based fibers) in the greening substrate were evaluated by the above-described method. It was as shown. Further, in the same manner as in Examples 3 to 5, the test area (20 cm ×
(20 cm) The average value of the number of germinations per spot was taken, and the height of all germinated seeds was measured in the same manner and the average value was determined. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0056]

[Table 5] Comparative Example Example Example Example Example Comparative Example 4 6 7 8 5 Greening material mix (weight%) : Textile 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Bark compost 34.9 55.1 75.3 90.4 19.1 Peat moss 60.6 40.4 20.2 5.1 5.1 Acrylic resin binder 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Plant seed 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Plant fertilizer 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Soil 0 0 0 0 71.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Properties of greening substrate : Bulk density (g / cm ³ ) 0.18 0.25 0.36 0.40 0.97 Number of germinations (number) 752 975 882 391 75 Plant height (mm) 28 27 28 24 19 Cracking resistance Spraying gradient 45 ° △ ○ ◎ ◎ × Slope 60 ° × ○ ◎ ◎ ×

From the results shown in Table 5, the fibers having the single fiber fineness and the aspect ratio within the ranges specified in the present invention were mixed with bark compost, peat moss and an organic polymer binder (acrylic resin binder). When the materials for greening of the present invention of Examples 6 to 8 obtained by mixing the plant seeds and the fertilizer with the materials in the range specified in the present invention are used, they are formed from the greening materials. The green density of the green substrate obtained is low in the range of 0.20 to 0.65 g / cm ³ , and a green substrate having excellent crack resistance is formed. In the green substrate, germination and growth of plants are performed. Is very good. On the other hand, in the case of the greening materials of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 in which one or more of bark compost, peat moss and the organic polymer binder are out of the scope of the present invention, the greening the bulk density of planting base formed from use material is greater than the lower or 0.68 g / cm ³ than 0.20 g / cm ^3,
It can be seen that the greening base having a bulk density of 0.97 g / cm ³ formed from the greening material of Comparative Example 5 is significantly inferior in germination and growth of plants, in particular, having poor cracking resistance.

[0058]

The greening material of the present invention has extremely high restraint properties, and when constructed on slopes or other places, cracks in the greening base formed from the greening material,
There is no collapse, erosion, falling off, etc., and the slopes and other places can be reinforced for a long period of time and can be greened while being stabilized. The greening material of the present invention has a particularly steep angle of 45 ° or more. It is also very suitable for construction on slopes. In the case of the present invention, there is no loss of the seeds and fertilizers contained in the greening material, and the germination of the plant and the growth of the root system are extremely fast, and the root system is sufficiently extended quickly to every corner of the greening base. Therefore, it is possible to stabilize and revegetate the slope or other place where the material for greening has been applied with high restraint in a short period of time without generating cracks or the like. The material for greening of the present invention can be extremely easily and efficiently installed on slopes and other places by using a spraying method or the like, and is excellent in handleability.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Mitsuo Mayahara 1-2-1, Kaigandori, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture Inside Kuraray Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenji Matsumoto 1-12-13 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka No. Kuraray Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hisashi Suemori 1-2-1, Kaigandori, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture Kuraray Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-58-110722 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/00 303 E02D 17/20 102

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A greening material comprising: (a) a fiber having a single fiber fineness of 0.7 to 120 denier and an aspect ratio of 120 to 1300 based on the total weight of the material;
~ 6% by weight, (b) more than 50% by weight of bark compost,
A greening material comprising (c) peat moss at 2 to 45% by weight and (d) binder at 0.1 to 25% by weight. 2. The binder (d) is selected from at least one of cement and an organic polymer, and when the binder (d) is cement, its content is based on the total weight of the greening material. The greening material according to claim 1, wherein the content is 8 to 25% by weight, and when the binder (d) is an organic polymer, its content is 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the greening material. . 3. A bulk density of 0.20 to 0.65 g / cm ^3.
The greening material according to claim 1 or 2, which forms a greening base. 4. The greening material according to claim 1, further comprising one or both of a plant seed and a fertilizer. 5. A method for greening and stabilizing the greening material according to claim 1 by applying it to a slope and / or another place. 6. A greening base formed using the greening material according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 7. A bulk density of 0.20 to 0.65 g / cm ³
The greening base according to claim 6, which is: