JP2006262759A - Artificial soil improving material - Google Patents
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- JP2006262759A JP2006262759A JP2005084547A JP2005084547A JP2006262759A JP 2006262759 A JP2006262759 A JP 2006262759A JP 2005084547 A JP2005084547 A JP 2005084547A JP 2005084547 A JP2005084547 A JP 2005084547A JP 2006262759 A JP2006262759 A JP 2006262759A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems
Abstract
Description
本発明は、人工土壌にミネラルを補給するためのまたは／及び酸性の人工土壌のｐＨを調整するための人工土壌の改良材に関する。 The present invention relates to an artificial soil improving material for supplying minerals to artificial soil or / and adjusting pH of acidic artificial soil.
従来から天然土壌の代わりに、取り扱いが容易であり、植栽する植物の育成に適した人工土壌の開発が行われている。近年においては、都市のヒートアイランド化現象の影響から、ビルの屋上や外壁等を緑化する技術が着目されており、建物の緑化にあたっては、ビル屋上や外壁に人工土壌を設置し、該人工土壌に耐乾性、耐寒性に優れた植物を栽培する方法が採られている。このような建物緑化に用いる人工土壌としては、建物の積載荷重の基準値を満たすものでなければならず、また、人工土壌を敷設する作業性の観点からも、軽量化が望まれている。
軽量化を目的とした人工土壌としては、天然の産物であり、土壌改良効果、保水効果及び安全性に関して公に認められているピート（所謂、泥炭、ピートモス、草炭などと呼ばれる腐植土）が単独または他の人工土壌と混合して用いられることが多い。
しかし、ピートは、植物に必要な栄養源（窒素、リン、カリウム）やミネラル分（銅、マグネシウム、ナトリウム、鉄、ホウ酸など）が乏しいためこれらの補給が必要である。固形状肥料を混ぜようとすると、ピートの見掛け密度が低いために、ピートと固形状肥料が分離する問題がある。
また、乾燥したピートは、植物繊維特有の撥水性を示すため、液体状肥料を添加してもなかなか浸透しない。湿潤状態のピートを使用すればよいが重量が重く輸送コストが高くなり、使用拡大の障害となる。
更に、通常のピートは、ｐＨ３〜５の酸性を示すことが公知であり、植物を育成する土壌とするには、消石灰、苦土石灰などを添加して、ｐＨ６〜８に調整することを必要とする。
このため、浸透剤（ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩）水溶液と水溶性栄養剤及びミネラルを混合してピートにこの溶液を染み込ませ、ピート土壌を改良する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１）。
また、ロックウール粒状綿４９〜７８重量％、ピートモス１９〜３３％、パルプ０．５〜３％、合成繊維１〜１０％を湿式抄造した湿潤状態のフェルトに界面活性剤０．１％〜１０重量％散布後、乾燥した人工土壌も提案されている（例えば、特許文献２）。
Conventionally, instead of natural soil, artificial soil that is easy to handle and suitable for growing plants to be planted has been developed. In recent years, due to the effects of urban heat islands, the technology of greening the rooftops and outer walls of buildings has been attracting attention. When greening a building, artificial soil is installed on the rooftop or outer wall of the building, A method of cultivating a plant excellent in dry resistance and cold resistance is employed. Artificial soil used for such greening of buildings must satisfy the standard value of the building load, and weight reduction is also desired from the viewpoint of workability for laying artificial soil.
Artificial soil for weight reduction is a natural product, and only peat (so-called humus soil called peat, peat moss, grass charcoal, etc.) that is publicly recognized for soil improvement, water retention and safety. Or it is often mixed with other artificial soil.
However, peat needs to be supplemented because it lacks nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and minerals (copper, magnesium, sodium, iron, boric acid, etc.) necessary for plants. When trying to mix solid fertilizer, there is a problem that peat and solid fertilizer are separated because the apparent density of peat is low.
Moreover, since dried peat exhibits the water repellency peculiar to plant fibers, it does not readily penetrate even when liquid fertilizer is added. A wet peat may be used, but the weight is heavy and the transportation cost increases, which hinders the expansion of use.
Furthermore, normal peat is known to exhibit an acidity of pH 3-5, and it is necessary to adjust the pH to 6-8 by adding slaked lime, bitter lime, etc. to make the soil for growing plants. And
For this reason, there has been proposed a method for improving peat soil by mixing a penetrant (dialkylsulfosuccinate) aqueous solution, a water-soluble nutrient and a mineral, and impregnating the solution with peat (for example, Patent Document 1).
Also, wet wool felt made from 49 to 78% by weight of rock wool granular cotton, 19 to 33% peat moss, 0.5 to 3% pulp, and 1 to 10% synthetic fiber, and a surfactant 0.1% to 10%. Artificial soil that has been dried after application by weight% has also been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2).
特許文献１に開示されている土壌改良剤の製造方法は、撥水抑止剤つまり浸透剤として米国食品医薬品局（ＦＤＡ）で使用が認可されているジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩（認可Ｎｏ．１７８．３４００）の０．０１〜１０％水溶液中に水溶性の栄養剤（硝酸カリウム、硝酸カルシウム、リン酸水素マンモニウムなど）と水溶性ミネラル（硫酸銅、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化マンガン、ホウ酸など）とｐＨ調整用の消石灰を適切に加え、ピートをこの溶液に浸漬するか、吹き付ける処理を行う。
この処理を適切に行うには、非常な注意深さと熟練の技術が必要であり、工数、コストを考慮すると、実用には大きな障害となるものと推察される。工数低減のため、栄養剤に腐植酸物質（亜鉛、褐炭、ピートを硝酸や二酸化窒素で酸化した物質）、ミネラルに石炭風化物（瀝青炭の自然風化物）を利用する方法が提案されているが、腐植酸物質は作成するのに危険性が伴い、石炭風化物は現在の日本では容易には入手できずピートなどの人工土壌処理の簡便化に繋がるとは考えにくい。
また、特許文献１に記載されている撥水抑止剤ジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウムは浸透力の強い界面活性剤であり、ＭＳＤＳ（ペレックスＣＳ、花王株式会社）を参照すると、環境に対する注意事項で河川や下水に流してはいけない、更に、廃棄物は産業廃棄物処理業者に委託となっていることから、屋外で使用される人工土壌への添加剤としては、降雨時に流出して河川を汚染するものと考えられ問題である。更に、撥水抑止剤はピートに固定されているものではなく、雨水に容易に溶け出す物質であるから、晴天時に乾燥するとピートは撥水性を取り戻すので、再度の浸透剤処理を必要として環境の悪化をもたらすことも考えられる。
The method for producing a soil conditioner disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a dialkylsulfosuccinate (approval No. 178.3400) that is approved for use as a water repellent inhibitor, that is, a penetrant, by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Water-soluble nutrients (potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, mammonium hydrogen phosphate, etc.) and water-soluble minerals (copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese chloride, boric acid, etc.) and pH adjustment Appropriately add slaked lime and dip or spray peat into this solution.
In order to perform this process appropriately, very careful attention and skill are required, and considering the man-hours and costs, it is presumed to be a major obstacle to practical use. In order to reduce man-hours, a method has been proposed in which humic acid substances (zinc, lignite, and peat oxidized with nitric acid or nitrogen dioxide) are used as nutrients, and weathered coal (natural bituminous coal) is used as minerals. However, humic acid substances are dangerous to produce, and coal weathering is not readily available in Japan today, and it is unlikely that it will lead to simplification of artificial soil treatment such as peat.
Further, the water-repellent inhibitor sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate described in Patent Document 1 is a highly penetrating surfactant. When referring to MSDS (Perex CS, Kao Corporation), rivers and sewage are considered as environmental precautions. In addition, since waste is entrusted to an industrial waste disposal contractor, as an additive to artificial soil used outdoors, it flows out during rain and pollutes the river. It is a possible problem. Furthermore, since the water repellent inhibitor is not fixed to peat and is a substance that dissolves easily in rainwater, peat regains water repellency when it is dried in fine weather. It can also cause deterioration.
また、特許文献２に開示されている人工土壌の改良材の製造方法は、ロックウール粒状綿を混合することでは、ピートモスの浸透性を十分に改善できないことを示している。この理由は、ロックウール粒状綿に使用されているバインダ成分は、建材用の断熱材とするために撥水性のフェノール、尿素樹脂成分が使用されているためである。したがって、環境に問題のある界面活性剤を使い、余分な乾燥工程も必要とすることになる。
そこで、本発明は、前記従来の問題点に鑑み、建物の屋上や外壁等に設置するピートなどの人工土壌のミネラル補給とｐＨ補正を簡便かつ容易で安全性にも問題なく実施できる人工土壌の改良材を提供することを目的とする。
Moreover, the manufacturing method of the artificial soil improvement material currently disclosed by patent document 2 has shown that the permeability of peat moss cannot fully be improved by mixing rock wool granular cotton. This is because the binder component used in the rockwool granular cotton uses a water-repellent phenol and urea resin component to form a heat insulating material for building materials. Accordingly, an environmentally problematic surfactant is used and an extra drying step is required.
Therefore, in view of the above-described conventional problems, the present invention provides an artificial soil that can easily and easily perform mineral replenishment and pH correction of artificial soil such as peat installed on the rooftop or outer wall of a building without any problem in safety. The object is to provide an improved material.
本発明の人工土壌の改良材は、前記目的を達成するべく、請求項１に記載の通り、微細ガラス繊維を主体として絡ませて、平均繊維径が０．８〜１０μｍの繊維集合体としたことを特徴とする。請求項１記載の人工土壌の改良材は、微細ガラス繊維のガラス成分中から溶出されるミネラル分を人工土壌に補給し、また、水中に溶出する水酸化ナトリウム等のアルカリ分により、酸性の人工土壌に対して酸性緩和もしくは中和を行う。また、請求項１記載の人工土壌の改良材は、主体構成材が微細ガラス繊維であることで水との接触面積が大きく、ミネラル分やアルカリ分の水中への溶出を容易にして、人工土壌の改良材としての効果を発揮することができる。
また、請求項２記載の人工土壌の改良材は、請求項１記載の人工土壌の改良材において、前記人工土壌の改良材に、粒度が９０メッシュパス以下の微細ガラス粉を、担持させたことを特徴とする。
また、請求項３記載の人工土壌の改良材は、請求項１または２に記載の人工土壌の改良材において、前記微細ガラス繊維が火炎法またはロータリ法から成るガラスウールであることを特徴とするものであり、連続体の人工土壌の改良材を供給して施工性を高め、雨水等による流出がなく人工土壌の改良効果が長く持続する。
また、請求項４記載の人工土壌の改良材は、請求項１乃至３の何れかに記載の人工土壌の改良材において、前記微細ガラス繊維が、建材用のガラス繊維端材または建築廃材を解体して得られた断熱材の廃材から得られたものであることを特徴とする。
また、請求項５記載の人工土壌の改良材は、請求項２乃至４の何れかに記載の人工土壌の改良材において、前記微細ガラス粉が、廃材窓ガラスの再資源原料であるカレットガラスを破砕、分別して製造するときに発生するガラス粉であることを特徴とする。
また、請求項６記載の人工土壌の改良材は、請求項１乃至５の何れかに記載の人工土壌の改良材において、前記微細ガラス繊維を主体とする原料から湿式抄紙法により得られたシート状物であることを特徴とするものであり、ウールより寸法精度が高く、取り扱い性及び加工性に優れる形態のため、より施工性が高まり、また、雨水による流出もない。尚、前記シート状物は、環境に悪影響を与えない補強材料（例えば、クラフトパルプ、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン繊維やバインダなど）を混合使用したものであってもよい。
また、請求項７記載の人工土壌の改良材は、請求項１乃至６の何れかに記載の人工土壌の改良材において、前記人工土壌がピートから構成されたものであることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the improved material for artificial soil of the present invention is a fiber aggregate having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 to 10 μm, entangled mainly with fine glass fibers as described in claim 1. It is characterized by. The improved material for artificial soil according to claim 1 supplements the artificial soil with minerals eluted from the glass component of the fine glass fiber, and also provides an artificial artificial acid by alkali components such as sodium hydroxide eluted into water. Perform acid mitigation or neutralization of the soil. In addition, the artificial soil improving material according to claim 1 has a large contact area with water because the main constituent material is fine glass fiber, and facilitates elution of minerals and alkalis into water. The effect as an improved material can be exhibited.
Further, the artificial soil improving material according to claim 2 is the artificial soil improving material according to claim 1, wherein the artificial soil improving material carries fine glass powder having a particle size of 90 mesh pass or less. It is characterized by.
The artificial soil improvement material according to claim 3 is the artificial soil improvement material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fine glass fiber is glass wool made of a flame method or a rotary method. It improves the workability by supplying a continuous material for improving artificial soil, and there is no runoff due to rainwater, etc., and the effect of improving artificial soil lasts long.
Further, the artificial soil improvement material according to claim 4 is the artificial soil improvement material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fine glass fiber disassembles the glass fiber edge material or building waste material for building materials. It is obtained from the waste material of the heat insulating material obtained in this way.
Further, the artificial soil improvement material according to claim 5 is the artificial soil improvement material according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the fine glass powder is cullet glass which is a recycled raw material of waste window glass. It is a glass powder generated when it is produced by crushing and sorting.
The artificial soil improving material according to claim 6 is a sheet obtained by a wet papermaking method from the raw material mainly comprising the fine glass fiber in the artificial soil improving material according to any one of claims 1 to 5. It is characterized by being in the form of a material, and has a higher dimensional accuracy than wool and is excellent in handleability and processability. Therefore, the workability is further improved, and there is no outflow due to rainwater. The sheet-like material may be a mixture of reinforcing materials that do not adversely affect the environment (for example, kraft pulp, polyethylene, polyurethane fiber, binder, etc.).
The artificial soil improving material according to claim 7 is the artificial soil improving material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the artificial soil is composed of peat.
本発明の人工土壌の改良材は、微細ガラス繊維を主体として絡ませて、平均繊維径が０．８〜１０μｍの繊維集合体としたものであるため、植物に必要なミネラル分の補給を均一に行え、風雨による飛散・流出がなく、長期に亘って土壌改良効果を維持できる利点がある。また、ガラス材質であるため、プラスチック材料と異なり、紫外線の影響に耐える耐候性や、長期間の設置に耐え得る耐久性をも備える。
更に、繊維集合体の密度が小さく軽量なことから、取り扱い性に優れ、設置時に作業性を低下させるようなことがないので、建物の積載荷重の基準値を超える危険性も少ないことから、建築物緑化用の人工土壌の改良材として適切である。
原料として、発ガン性の認められない建材用ガラス繊維断熱材の端材・廃材から得たガラス繊維、または、窓ガラスのカレットガラス作製時に発生するガラス粉を利用することにより、安全性、環境改善に考慮し、コスト低減の効果もある。
また、廃棄に際しては有害物質を排出する虞がないとともに、そのまま植物栽培のミネラル栄養剤として一般の土壌に戻すことができる。更に、不燃材料であるので自然火災などの危険性もなく利用価値が高い。
更に、ピートのような酸性の人工土壌の改良材として使用した場合も、前記微細ガラス繊維や微細ガラス粉より溶出したアルカリ成分により、人工土壌のｐＨ調整が同時に行える利点もある。
Since the artificial soil improvement material of the present invention is a fiber aggregate having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 to 10 μm entangled with fine glass fibers as a main component, the minerals necessary for plants are uniformly supplied. There is an advantage that the soil improvement effect can be maintained for a long time without being scattered and runoff due to wind and rain. Moreover, since it is a glass material, unlike plastic materials, it has weather resistance that can withstand the influence of ultraviolet rays and durability that can withstand long-term installation.
Furthermore, since the density of the fiber assembly is small and lightweight, it is easy to handle and does not degrade workability during installation, so there is little risk of exceeding the building load standard. It is suitable as an artificial soil improvement material for planting trees.
Safety, environment by using glass fiber generated from scraps and waste materials of glass fiber insulation materials for building materials that are not recognized as carcinogenic as raw materials, or glass powder generated when making cullet glass for window glass Considering improvement, there is an effect of cost reduction.
In addition, at the time of disposal, there is no risk of discharging harmful substances, and it can be directly returned to general soil as a mineral nutrient for plant cultivation. Furthermore, since it is a non-combustible material, there is no danger of natural fires and the utility value is high.
Furthermore, when it is used as an improving material for acidic artificial soil such as peat, there is also an advantage that pH of the artificial soil can be adjusted simultaneously by the alkali component eluted from the fine glass fiber or fine glass powder.
本発明の人工土壌の改良材は、微細ガラス繊維を主体として絡ませて、平均繊維径が０．８〜１０μｍの絡ませた繊維集合体としている。前記人工土壌の改良材は、微細ガラス繊維が絡み合っており、その中に粒度が９０メッシュパス以下の微細ガラス粉を混入して吸着担持することも可能である。したがって、建物屋上や外壁等に設置される人工土壌に使用した場合でも、風雨による飛散や流出の虞がなく、強風や紫外線等の天候の影響に耐える耐候性や、長期間の設置に耐え得る耐久性を備えている。
前記微細ガラス繊維としては、例えば、窓ガラス廃材のカレットガラス、ガラス粉等を溶融、紡糸後、バーナの火炎でエネルギを与え、吹き飛ばして得られるガラス短繊維、あるいは、溶融後、長繊維として紡糸されるもの等が挙げられる。
前記微細ガラス繊維は、平均繊維径が０．８〜１０μｍの繊維集合体を単独あるいは２種以上組み合わせて使用する。これは、平均繊維径が０．８μｍ未満のものは、安全性、透水性、抄造時の歩留まり、生産性、原料価格の観点から好ましくなく、１０μｍを超えるものは、ガラス繊維同士の絡み合いが少なくシートを形成できなくなり、取り扱い性が良くないためである。
前記微細ガラス繊維は、細ければ細いほど、溶出するミネラル分やアルカリ分が多くなり、人工土壌の改良材としての効果が大きくなるが、安全性（人への発ガン性）、生産性及び原料価格の観点から、平均繊維径４μｍ〜１０μｍとすることが好ましい。ＩＡＲＣ（国際癌研究機関）による発癌性分類（２００１年１０月）においてグループ３（人への発癌性について分類できない）に分類されているからである。
また、前記繊維集合体を構成する微細ガラス繊維及び／又は微細ガラス粉は、Ｃガラスにより構成することが好ましく、更には、疎水溶解分を繊維集合体の６０〜７０質量％含有するようにし、且つ、前記疎水溶解分としてのＳｉＯ2が６５〜７０質量％及びＡｌ2Ｏ3が４〜３５質量％とすることが好ましい。繊維集合体の骨格を保ちつつ、繊維集合体に添加されたＮａ2Ｏ，Ｋ2Ｏ，ＭｇＯ，ＣａＯ，ＢａＯ等の易水溶解成分の溶出性を高めることができるからである。
The artificial soil improving material of the present invention is entangled with fine glass fibers as a main component, and is an entangled fiber aggregate having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 to 10 μm. The artificial soil improvement material is intertwined with fine glass fibers, and it is also possible to adsorb and carry fine glass powder having a particle size of 90 mesh pass or less. Therefore, even when used on artificial soil installed on the building rooftop or outer wall, etc., there is no risk of scattering and runoff due to wind and rain, and it can withstand weather effects such as strong winds and ultraviolet rays and can withstand long-term installation It has durability.
Examples of the fine glass fiber include glass short fiber obtained by melting and spinning window glass waste materials such as cullet glass, glass powder, etc., applying energy with a burner flame and blowing away, or spinning as long fiber after melting. And the like.
As the fine glass fiber, a fiber aggregate having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 to 10 μm is used alone or in combination of two or more. This is because the average fiber diameter of less than 0.8 μm is not preferable from the viewpoints of safety, water permeability, yield at the time of papermaking, productivity and raw material price, and those exceeding 10 μm have little entanglement between glass fibers. This is because the sheet cannot be formed and the handleability is not good.
The thinner the fine glass fiber is, the more minerals and alkalis are eluted, and the greater the effect as an artificial soil improvement material, but safety (carcinogenicity to humans), productivity and From the viewpoint of raw material price, the average fiber diameter is preferably 4 μm to 10 μm. This is because it is classified into group 3 (cannot be classified for human carcinogenicity) in the carcinogenicity classification (October 2001) by IARC (International Cancer Research Institute).
Further, the fine glass fiber and / or fine glass powder constituting the fiber assembly is preferably composed of C glass, and further, a hydrophobic dissolved component is contained in an amount of 60 to 70% by mass of the fiber assembly. and the SiO 2 as hydrophobic dissolution content is 65 to 70 wt% and Al 2 O 3 is preferably set to 4 to 35 wt%. This is because the elution property of easily water-soluble components such as Na 2 O, K 2 O, MgO, CaO, and BaO added to the fiber assembly can be enhanced while maintaining the skeleton of the fiber assembly.
また、本発明の人工土壌の改良材は、２ｋｇ／ｍ2以下とすることが好ましい。取り扱い性に優れ、建物屋上や壁面に設置する人工土壌に用いた場合にも、作業性が容易かつ安全であり、建物の積載荷重の基準値を超える危険性も少なくなるためである。 Moreover, it is preferable that the improvement material of the artificial soil of this invention shall be 2 kg / m <2> or less. This is because it is easy to handle, and even when used for artificial soil installed on the building roof or on the wall surface, it is easy and safe to work with, and the risk of exceeding the standard value of the building load is reduced.
前記微細ガラス繊維は４〜１０μｍと微細であるため、工業的に一般的である火炎法またはロータリ法から生産される物を用いるが、同じ製法で得られた建材用のガラス繊維端材または建築廃材を解体して得られた断熱材の廃材を再利用することも可能であり、この場合、省エネルギ、環境改善上、更に、コスト上からより好ましい。 Since the fine glass fiber is as fine as 4 to 10 μm, a product produced from an industrially common flame method or rotary method is used, but a glass fiber end material or building material for building materials obtained by the same production method is used. It is also possible to reuse the waste material of the heat insulating material obtained by disassembling the waste material. In this case, it is more preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving, environmental improvement, and cost.
前記微細ガラス粉の原料として、廃材窓ガラスの再資源原料であるカレットガラスを破砕、分別して製造するときに発生するガラス粉を利用するのが、容易でかつ安価に入手できるので好ましい。 As the raw material of the fine glass powder, it is preferable to use the glass powder generated when the cullet glass, which is a raw material for recycling waste glass, is produced by crushing and sorting, because it can be obtained easily and inexpensively.
前記微細ガラス繊維や前記微細ガラス粉をそのまま人工土壌の改良材として使用することも可能であるが、風雨による流出・飛散防止と取り扱い性を考慮すると、シート状物として用いることがより好ましい。微細ガラス繊維、微細ガラス粉をシート化するには、加熱による熱融着、プラスチックへの溶融練込み、抄紙等が考えられるが、微細繊維によるミネラル溶出を維持させることと、生産容易性から、前記微細ガラス繊維を主体とし前記微細ガラス粉を混合抄造してシート化することが好ましい。
具体的には、例えば、次のような方法により製造することができる。
（１）微細ガラス繊維と、微細ガラス粉を主体として所定量混合添加し、ミキサー、パルパー等の分離機により水中で均一分散・混合する。
（２）その後、カチオン系吸着剤として、例えば、ポリアクリルアミド系吸着剤を適量添加し、微細ガラス繊維に微細ガラス粉を吸着・担持させる。
（３）得られた抄紙種を丸網、長網または傾斜式抄紙機を用いて抄造し、微細ガラス繊維、微細ガラス粉を主体とした積層体シートを得る。
より強度が必要な場合には、上記ガラス繊維、ガラス粉の他に補強材料としてクラフトパルプ、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン繊維やバインダなどの１種類または複数を合わせて混合、抄造してもよい。
このように製造したシート状の人工土壌の改良材を、ピート等の人工土壌の下に敷いたり、ピート等の人工土壌と交互に敷いて多層構造にして用いることで、雨水等に流されなく雑草等の他の植物が生えにくい、ミネラル補給及びｐＨ調整機能を備えた人工土壌に改良することができるようになり、建築物の屋上や壁面緑化用の人工土壌として使用することが可能となる。
Although it is possible to use the fine glass fiber or the fine glass powder as it is as an artificial soil improving material, it is more preferable to use the fine glass fiber or the fine glass powder as a sheet-like material in consideration of prevention of outflow and scattering due to wind and rain and handling. In order to make fine glass fiber and fine glass powder into a sheet, heat fusion by heating, melting and kneading into plastic, paper making, etc. can be considered, but from maintaining mineral elution by fine fiber and ease of production, It is preferable that the fine glass fiber is a main component and the fine glass powder is mixed and made into a sheet.
Specifically, for example, it can be produced by the following method.
(1) A predetermined amount of fine glass fibers and fine glass powder are mixed and added, and uniformly dispersed and mixed in water by a separator such as a mixer or a pulper.
(2) Thereafter, as a cationic adsorbent, for example, an appropriate amount of polyacrylamide adsorbent is added, and fine glass powder is adsorbed and supported on fine glass fibers.
(3) The obtained paper type is made using a round net, a long net or an inclined paper machine to obtain a laminate sheet mainly composed of fine glass fibers and fine glass powder.
When higher strength is required, in addition to the glass fiber and glass powder, one or more of kraft pulp, polyethylene, polyurethane fiber and binder may be mixed and made as a reinforcing material.
The sheet-shaped artificial soil improvement material manufactured in this way is laid under artificial soil such as peat, or is laid alternately with artificial soil such as peat and used in a multilayer structure, so that it will not be washed away by rainwater etc. It becomes possible to improve to artificial soil with mineral replenishment and pH adjustment function that other plants such as weeds are hard to grow, and can be used as artificial soil for building rooftops and wall greening .
次に、本発明の実施例を比較例及び従来例と共に詳細に説明する。
（実施例１）
ガラス断熱材廃材を解体し、平均繊維径４μｍの微細ガラス繊維を取り出した。この微細ガラス繊維１００質量％を水中で分散・混合後、短網抄紙機にて抄造し、乾燥して微細ガラス繊維からなる厚さ２ｍｍの人工土壌の改良材シートを得た。
Next, examples of the present invention will be described in detail together with comparative examples and conventional examples.
Example 1
The waste glass insulation material was disassembled, and fine glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 4 μm were taken out. 100% by mass of the fine glass fiber was dispersed and mixed in water, and then made by a short paper machine and dried to obtain a 2 mm thick artificial soil improvement material sheet made of fine glass fiber.
（実施例２）
建築断熱材の解体より得た平均繊維径４μｍの微細ガラス繊維６８質量％と、カレットガラス破砕時に発生する微細ガラス粉３０質量％と補強材料クラフトパルプ２質量％とを水中で分散・混合後、アクリルアミド系吸着剤を添加して微細ガラス繊維、クラフトパルプに微細ガラス粉を吸着・担持させた後、短網抄紙機にて抄造し、乾燥して微細ガラス繊維、微細ガラス粉とクラフトパルプからなる厚さ２ｍｍの人工土壌の改良材シートを得た。
(Example 2)
After dispersion and mixing in water, 68% by mass of fine glass fibers with an average fiber diameter of 4 μm obtained from dismantling of building insulation, 30% by mass of fine glass powder generated during cullet glass crushing, and 2% by mass of reinforcing material kraft pulp, Addition of acrylamide-based adsorbent to adsorb and support fine glass powder on fine glass fiber and kraft pulp, then make paper with a short net paper machine and dry to make fine glass fiber, fine glass powder and kraft pulp An artificial soil improvement material sheet having a thickness of 2 mm was obtained.
（実施例３）
調整したガラス配合、例えば、Ｃガラス組成のガラス原料を混合後、ガラス溶融炉で溶融、紡糸後、バーナの火炎でエネルギを与え、吹き飛ばして、平均繊維径が０．８μｍの微細ガラス繊維を得た。この微細ガラス繊維１００質量％を水中で分散後、短網抄紙機にて抄造し、乾燥して微細ガラス繊維からなる厚さ２ｍｍの人工土壌の改良材シートを得た。
(Example 3)
Adjusted glass composition, for example, after mixing glass raw materials of C glass composition, melting and spinning in glass melting furnace, applying energy with burner flame and blowing away to obtain fine glass fibers with an average fiber diameter of 0.8 μm It was. 100% by mass of the fine glass fiber was dispersed in water, and then made with a short paper machine and dried to obtain a 2 mm thick artificial soil improvement material sheet made of fine glass fiber.
（従来例）
市販の人工土壌としてピート顆粒を入手し９０質量％採取し、ミネラル分補給材料として石炭風化物を９質量％とｐＨ調整材料として硝石灰１質量％を混合する。混合した人工土壌と改良材をバット内に入れ、撥水抑止剤としてジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム（ペレックスＣＳ、花王株式会社製）で１質量％濃度の水溶液を作成して、前記の混合した人工土壌と改良材が全面的に浸るまで注液する。１時間後に９０メッシュの金網を通過脱水させ、乾燥して改良した人工土壌を得る。
(Conventional example)
Peat granules are obtained as commercially available artificial soil, and 90% by mass is collected, and 9% by mass of coal weathered material as a mineral supplement material and 1% by mass of lime lime as a pH adjusting material are mixed. The mixed artificial soil and the improved material are put in a vat, and a 1% by weight aqueous solution is prepared with sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate (Perex CS, manufactured by Kao Corporation) as a water repellent inhibitor. Pour until the improvement material is completely immersed. After 1 hour, it is dehydrated by passing through a 90-mesh wire mesh, and dried to obtain an improved artificial soil.
次に、実施例１〜３、従来例で得られた人工土壌の改良材及び改良した人工土壌について、保水性、ミネラル溶出量、土壌ｐＨを測定した。また雨水への流出を想定して、各試料を水道水で連続２４時間洗浄後、乾燥して保水性、ミネラル溶出量、土壌ｐＨを再測定した。その結果を表１に示す。尚、試験方法については以下のようにした。
〈見掛け密度〉
（１）人工土壌シートを１０ｃｍ角に切り取り試料とする。ピート顆粒は１０ｃｍ角寸法の孔の空いた金属治具を作成してその中に顆粒を詰める。
（２）試料を１０５±５℃で約３０分間乾燥し、デシケータに入れ放冷後、重量Ｗ（ｇ）を測定した。
（３）次にノギスでシートまたは土壌の厚みＴ（ｃｍ）を測定して、次式に従い、見掛け密度を求める。
見掛け密度（ｇ／ｃｍ3）＝ Ｗ／Ｔ／１００
〈保水性〉
（１）人工土壌を１０ｃｍ角サイズに採取し試料とする。
（２）試料を１０５±５℃で約３０分間乾燥し、デシケータに入れ放冷後、重量（Ｗ1）を測定した。
（３）試料を室温において純水中に１０分間浸漬する。
（４）試料を取り出し、室温で１時間放置後、湿潤重量（Ｗ2）を測定する。
（５）次式に従い保水性を求める。
保水性（％）＝（Ｗ2−Ｗ1）／Ｗ2×１００
〈人工土壌のｐＨ〉
（１）人工土壌（ピート）と改良材を各々１０ｃｍ角に採取し試料とする。また、従来例は１０ｃｍ角相当量の処理ピートを採取し試料とする。試料をビーカに入れ、水道水２００ｃｃを加え２４時間室温で浸漬する。
（２）ｐＨメータで浸漬水のｐＨを測定する。
〈人工土壌のミネラル溶出分〉
（１）乾燥した人工土壌１０ｇを試料とし、ビーカに入れる。
（２）試料に純水１０００ｃｃを加え、２４時間５０℃浸漬加熱する。
（３）ガラスフィルタ（３Ｇ３）でろ過して溶出試料液を得る。
（４）この溶液を用いて、原子吸光分析を行い、試料からの溶出金属（ミネラル分）を分析する。
なお原子吸光分析操作はＪＩＳ Ｋ０１２１の原子吸光分析方法通則に従う。
Next, water retention, mineral elution amount, and soil pH were measured for the artificial soil improvement material and the improved artificial soil obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and the conventional example. In addition, assuming the outflow to rainwater, each sample was washed with tap water continuously for 24 hours, dried, and re-measured for water retention, mineral elution amount, and soil pH. The results are shown in Table 1. The test method was as follows.
<Apparent density>
(1) An artificial soil sheet is cut into a 10 cm square and used as a sample. For the peat granules, a 10 cm square size perforated metal jig is made and the granules are packed therein.
(2) The sample was dried at 105 ± 5 ° C. for about 30 minutes, placed in a desiccator and allowed to cool, and the weight W (g) was measured.
(3) Next, the thickness T (cm) of the sheet or soil is measured with a caliper, and the apparent density is obtained according to the following formula.
Apparent density (g / cm 3 ) = W / T / 100
<Water retention>
(1) Sample artificial soil to a 10 cm square size and use it as a sample.
(2) The sample was dried at 105 ± 5 ° C. for about 30 minutes, placed in a desiccator and allowed to cool, and the weight (W 1 ) was measured.
(3) The sample is immersed in pure water for 10 minutes at room temperature.
(4) A sample is taken out and left at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the wet weight (W 2 ) is measured.
(5) Obtain water retention according to the following equation.
Water retention (%) = (W 2 −W 1 ) / W 2 × 100
<PH of artificial soil>
(1) Artificial soil (peet) and improved material are sampled in 10 cm squares and used as samples. In the conventional example, a 10 cm square equivalent amount of treated peat is collected and used as a sample. Place the sample in a beaker, add 200 cc of tap water and soak for 24 hours at room temperature.
(2) Measure the pH of the immersion water with a pH meter.
<Mineral elution from artificial soil>
(1) Using 10 g of dried artificial soil as a sample, place it in a beaker.
(2) Add 1000 cc of pure water to the sample and immerse and heat at 50 ° C. for 24 hours.
(3) Filtration through a glass filter (3G3) to obtain an elution sample solution.
(4) Using this solution, atomic absorption analysis is performed to analyze the eluted metal (mineral content) from the sample.
The operation of atomic absorption analysis follows the general rules for atomic absorption analysis of JIS K0121.
表１の結果から以下のようなことが分かった。
（１）実施例１〜３は微細ガラス繊維、微細ガラス粉を主体としているためシートの見掛け密度は低く、高い保水性を示す。また、洗浄乾燥しても親水性に変化は無く、保水性に変動は無い。しかし従来例の撥水性のピートは、浸透剤処理直後は高い保水性を示すが、２４時間水道水で洗浄乾燥したものは、浸透剤が流出するために保水性が大幅に低下しており、人工土壌としては問題がある。
（２）人工土壌のｐＨについても実施例１〜３は微細ガラス繊維、微細ガラス粉を主体としているため、溶出するアリカリ成分がピートの酸性を中和するので、植物育成に適正なｐＨを示す。また、洗浄乾燥しても親水性に変化は無いので、ｐＨは適正値を示す。しかし従来例のピートに中和成分の消石灰を入れているが、浸透剤処理直後は適正ｐＨを示すが、２４時間水道水で洗浄乾燥したものは消石灰が流出して、中和されず酸性値を示すようになる。
（３）人工土壌のミネラル溶出分は、実施例１〜３は微細ガラス繊維、微細ガラス粉を主体としているため、ガラス組成にある微量の金属がミネラル分として溶出する。通常の窓ガラスなどの状態では、比表面積が０．００００４ｍ2／ｇと小さいので水にガラス成分は容易には溶け出さないのだが、４μｍの微細ガラス繊維となると０．４ｍ2／ｇと窓ガラスの１万倍に表面積が増え溶解しやすくなるためである。
従来例の場合ミネラル分は水溶性の石炭風化物を使用しているので、浸透剤処理直後はミネラル分は分析されるが、２４時間水道水で洗浄乾燥したものはミネラル分は流出して、極端に少なくなる。
（４）ガラス繊維は微細なほど、酸性の中和、ミネラル分溶出が容易になり効果が高いが、ＩＡＲＣ分類で建材用の断熱材の４μｍガラス繊維は２００１年１０月にグループ３（発ガン性に分類できない）に認定されているが、０．８μｍとより微細なガラス繊維については２Ｂグループ（発ガン性の可能性がある）にとどまっている状態であるので、安全性からすれば、実施例３に比べ実施例１，２の方が好ましい。
（５）また、実施例１〜３では、建築廃材のリユースが可能となり環境改善とコスト低減効果も期待できる。
From the results in Table 1, the following was found.
(1) Since Examples 1 to 3 are mainly composed of fine glass fibers and fine glass powder, the apparent density of the sheet is low and high water retention is exhibited. Further, even after washing and drying, there is no change in hydrophilicity, and there is no change in water retention. However, the water-repellent peat of the conventional example shows high water retention immediately after the treatment with the penetrant, but the water-washed water that has been washed and dried with tap water for 24 hours is greatly reduced because the penetrant flows out. There is a problem as artificial soil.
(2) Regarding the pH of the artificial soil, since Examples 1 to 3 are mainly composed of fine glass fibers and fine glass powder, the elution ant pottery component neutralizes the acidity of peat, and thus shows an appropriate pH for plant growth. . Moreover, since the hydrophilicity does not change even after washing and drying, the pH shows an appropriate value. However, neutralized slaked lime is put in the conventional peat, but it shows an appropriate pH immediately after the penetrant treatment, but what was washed and dried with tap water for 24 hours flows out slaked lime and is not neutralized and has an acidic value Will come to show.
(3) Since the mineral elution part of artificial soil has mainly the fine glass fiber and fine glass powder in Examples 1-3, the trace amount metal in a glass composition elutes as a mineral part. In the state of a normal window glass or the like, the specific surface area is as small as 0.00004 m 2 / g, so the glass component does not easily dissolve in water, but when it becomes a fine glass fiber of 4 μm, the window is 0.4 m 2 / g. This is because the surface area increases to 10,000 times that of glass, and it becomes easier to melt.
In the case of the conventional example, since the mineral content uses a water-soluble coal weathered material, the mineral content is analyzed immediately after the treatment with the penetrant, but the mineral content flows out after washing and drying with tap water for 24 hours, Extremely less.
(4) The finer the glass fiber, the easier it is to neutralize acid and elution of minerals, and the higher the effect. However, according to the IARC classification, 4 μm glass fiber, a heat insulating material for building materials, was group 3 (carcinogenic) However, it is still in the 2B group (possibly carcinogenic) for 0.8μm finer glass fiber. Examples 1 and 2 are preferable to Example 3.
(5) Moreover, in Examples 1-3, reuse of building waste materials is attained, and an environment improvement and cost reduction effect can also be expected.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6019418A (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-01-31 | 株式会社木村研究所 | Culture medium for glass fiber plant culture |
| JPS61102218A (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1986-05-20 | Ube Ind Ltd | Bolster positioning device of vertical molder |
| JPH0726260A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1995-01-27 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Production of soil conditioner |
| JPH07327484A (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1995-12-19 | Toko Kensetsu Kk | Material for greening |
| JP2001180961A (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-03 | Gantan Beauty Ind Co Ltd | Solidified material with glass fine grains and composition |
| JP2004283101A (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Nippon Muki Co Ltd | Lightweight artificial soil |
-
2005
- 2005-03-23 JP JP2005084547A patent/JP2006262759A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6019418A (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-01-31 | 株式会社木村研究所 | Culture medium for glass fiber plant culture |
| JPS61102218A (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1986-05-20 | Ube Ind Ltd | Bolster positioning device of vertical molder |
| JPH0726260A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1995-01-27 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Production of soil conditioner |
| JPH07327484A (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1995-12-19 | Toko Kensetsu Kk | Material for greening |
| JP2001180961A (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-03 | Gantan Beauty Ind Co Ltd | Solidified material with glass fine grains and composition |
| JP2004283101A (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Nippon Muki Co Ltd | Lightweight artificial soil |
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