CN113412696A - Coal gangue slope shallow layer reinforcing and ecological restoration method - Google Patents
Coal gangue slope shallow layer reinforcing and ecological restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reinforcing a shallow layer of a coal gangue slope and restoring ecology, which comprises the following specific implementation steps of: firstly, carrying out slope surface leveling and anchor rod construction on a coal gangue side slope, and then spraying a high-molecular polymer curing agent on the surface of the coal gangue side slope and carrying out curing; step two, adding a soil curing agent into the alien soil, and fully mixing to obtain improved alien soil; and thirdly, spraying the improved alien soil, covering with non-woven fabrics and maintaining. The invention can play a role in protecting the surface layer of the coal gangue side slope and can increase the spraying soil for improving the plant growth environment to achieve the effects of reinforcing the shallow layer of the side slope and restoring the ecology by the synergistic action of the high molecular polymer curing agent and the soil curing agent on the basis of the original soil dressing spraying technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of slope ecological protection engineering, and particularly relates to a method for reinforcing a shallow layer of a coal gangue slope and restoring ecology.
Background
The traditional ecological protection of the rock slope mostly adopts a foreign soil spray seeding mode, but the application effect of the traditional ecological protection on the special rock slope-coal gangue slope is not ideal. Most of the coal gangue slopes are steep, the strongly weathered coal gangue is easy to disintegrate when meeting water, the coal gangue after spontaneous combustion is weakly acidic, the heavy metal content of the coal gangue is high, the water retention capacity is weak, and a good growing environment cannot be provided for plants. The foreign soil sprayed by the traditional spraying method has poor stability on the coal gangue side slope, is easy to be washed by rainwater, and has poor plant growth condition due to the influence of the properties of the coal gangue, thereby being difficult to achieve the effect of ecological slope protection.
The addition of the binder in the base material can improve the scouring resistance of the alien soil. In practical engineering, ordinary portland cement is often used as a binder, although the method can increase the scouring resistance of the alien soil, the binder cannot be naturally decomposed, and the binders such as cement are not beneficial to plant growth and are contrary to the concept of ecological restoration.
Therefore, the slope protection method which can play a role in protecting the surface layer of the coal gangue side slope, improve the plant growth environment and realize ecological restoration has certain practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reinforcing a shallow layer of a coal gangue side slope and restoring ecology aiming at the defects of the prior art, which can play a role in protecting the surface layer of the coal gangue side slope and increase sprayed foreign soil to improve the plant growth environment through the synergistic effect of a high-molecular polymer curing agent and a soil curing agent on the basis of the original foreign soil spraying and sowing technology, thereby achieving the effects of reinforcing the shallow layer of the side slope and restoring the ecology.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for reinforcing a shallow layer of a coal gangue side slope and restoring ecology comprises the following specific implementation steps:
firstly, carrying out slope surface leveling and anchor rod construction on a coal gangue side slope, and then spraying a high-molecular polymer curing agent on the surface of the coal gangue side slope and carrying out curing;
step two, adding a soil curing agent into the alien soil, and fully mixing to obtain improved alien soil;
and thirdly, spraying the improved alien soil, covering with non-woven fabrics and maintaining.
Preferably, in the step one, the high molecular polymer curing agent is a mixture of a pure acrylic emulsion, cement, a film forming agent and a defoaming agent, and the weight percentage of each raw material is as follows: 55-65% of pure acrylic emulsion, 25-35% of cement, 3-6% of film-forming agent and 1-4% of defoaming agent.
More preferably, the viscosity of the acrylic emulsion is 200-800mPas, and the solid content is 50 +/-1 wt%; the cement is ordinary portland cement; the defoaming agent is an organic silicon defoaming agent.
Preferably, in the step one, the thickness of the high molecular polymer curing agent is 6-8mm, and the curing time is 7 days.
Preferably, in the second step, the soil curing agent is polyvinyl acetate emulsion, the viscosity is 10-50Pas, the solid content is 45 +/-2 wt%, and the adding amount of the soil curing agent is 2.0-3.0 wt% of the mass of the alien soil.
In the invention, the high molecular polymer curing agent can be prepared by simple stirring and mixing, for example, according to the weight percentage of each raw material, the pure acrylic emulsion is stirred manually for 30 s; and then adding cement, mechanically stirring for 120s, simultaneously adding the defoaming agent and the film forming agent in the mechanical stirring process, standing for 5min, manually stirring for 30s, and uniformly vibrating.
In the invention, the ratio of the solid content and the cement content of the pure acrylic emulsion in the high molecular polymer curing agent is called as the poly-ash ratio, and the inventor finds that when the poly-ash ratio is about 1.2, the high molecular polymer curing agent has good comprehensive performances such as viscosity, bonding strength, waterproofness, durability and the like, and the weight percentage of the raw materials is as follows: 55-65% of pure acrylic emulsion, 25-35% of cement, 3-6% of film-forming agent and 1-4% of defoaming agent, wherein the viscosity of the pure acrylic emulsion is 200-800mPas, and the solid content is 50 +/-1 wt%.
Preferably, in the third step, the foreign soil spray seeding mode is as follows: firstly, spraying improved alien soil without plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness is 7/10 of the total spraying thickness; secondly, spraying improved alien soil containing plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness of the improved alien soil is 1/10 of the total spraying thickness; and finally, spraying the improved alien soil without the plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness of the improved alien soil is 2/10 of the total spraying thickness, and the total spraying thickness is 18-22 cm.
More preferably, the plant seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment before the alien soil is prepared, and spray seeding operation is completed within 1-2 days after the alien soil is prepared; the preparation amount of plant seeds is 15-25g/m2；
The plant seeds are one or more of shrub seeds and herbaceous seeds; the shrub seeds are one or more of photinia fraseri, oleander, pyracantha fortuneana and amorpha fruticosa; the herb seed is one or more of herba Cynodonti dactylophorae, rhizoma Imperatae, herba Senecionis Scandentis, and folium Dictamni Radicis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method for reinforcing the shallow layer of the coal gangue slope and recovering the ecology is simple and is easy to be used in entity engineering. By adopting the mode of spraying the high molecular polymer curing agent on the surface layer of the coal gangue side slope, on one hand, the method can prevent rainwater from permeating to delay weathering disintegration of the coal gangue and play a role in protecting the surface layer of the side slope; on the other hand, the influence of weak acidity of the coal gangue and heavy metal substances contained in the coal gangue on plant growth can be reduced, the growth environment of plants is improved, and an isolation effect is achieved; and the sprayed high molecular polymer curing agent does not hinder the growth of the plant root system, and the plant root system can pass through the sprayed high molecular polymer curing agent during growth.
(2) According to the invention, the green environment-friendly ecological soil curing agent is adopted to replace the binder and the water-retaining agent used in the original external soil spray seeding, so that on one hand, the polyvinyl acetate emulsion can improve the strength and stability of the soil body and play a role in reinforcing the soil body in the early stage of plant growth; on the other hand, the water stability of the soil dressing particles modified by the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is improved, the structure and physical properties of the soil such as porosity, air permeability, water permeability and the like are improved, and the soil dressing agent plays a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation for the germination and growth of plants, so that the spray-seeding effect is greatly improved. The ecological soil stabilizer can be completely decomposed by soil microorganisms at last, does not cause environmental load, and accords with the concept of ecological environmental protection.
In a word, the invention can play a role in protecting the surface layer of the coal gangue side slope through the synergistic effect of the high molecular polymer curing agent and the soil curing agent on the basis of the original alien soil spray-seeding technology, can increase the spray-seeding alien soil to improve the plant growth environment, and achieves the effects of reinforcing the shallow layer of the side slope and restoring the ecology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a pure acrylic emulsion used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model A case in which a high molecular weight polymer curing agent is sprayed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial view of model A box (a), model B box (B) and model C box (C) when three months of construction are performed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a part of coal gangue side slope before construction in embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a construction site diagram of the shotcrete of the soil for passenger in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a coal gangue side slope covered with a non-woven fabric in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a coal gangue slope constructed by Longlang at high speed by the general foreign soil spray-seeding method (a) and the method (b) of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is specifically described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
A method for reinforcing a shallow layer of a coal gangue side slope and restoring ecology specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, leveling a slope surface, measuring and setting off, constructing an anchor rod, spraying a high polymer curing agent with the thickness of 6-8mm on the surface of a coal gangue slope to be reinforced, and curing for 7 days;
the slope surface leveling mode is as follows: filling the depressions and cracks, removing dangerous stones and pumice stones on the slope surface, and flattening the slope surface;
the anchor rod construction mode is as follows: drilling anchor holes by main anchor rods according to a mode that the horizontal spacing is 2.5m and the down-slope spacing is 2.5m, wherein the direction of each hole is vertical to the slope surface, grouting is performed in each hole, and the main anchor rods are inserted into the anchor holes until grout overflows and hardens; and the secondary anchor rods are interpolated between the adjacent main anchor rods according to the mode that the horizontal distance is 1.2m and the down-slope distance is 1.2 m. In order to prevent the anchor rod from protruding, the length of the anchor rod extending out of the slope surface is not more than 9 cm;
the diameter of the main anchor rod is 18-22mm, and the length of the main anchor rod is 1.2-1.6 m; the diameter of the secondary anchor rod is 11-15mm, and the length of the secondary anchor rod is 0.6-1.0 m;
the high molecular polymer curing agent is a mixture of pure acrylic emulsion, cement, a film forming agent and a defoaming agent, and the weight percentage of each raw material is as follows: 55-65% of pure acrylic emulsion, 25-35% of cement, 3-6% of film-forming agent and 1-4% of defoaming agent;
the viscosity of the pure acrylic emulsion is 200-800mPas, and the solid content is 50 +/-1 wt%; the cement is ordinary portland cement; the defoaming agent is an organic silicon defoaming agent;
the mode of spraying the high molecular polymer curing agent is as follows: spraying by a wet-type sprayer, wetting the slope surface with water to keep the rock surface at a certain humidity, and then spraying in a sectional manner and in a piece-by-piece manner from top to bottom, wherein the spraying thickness is 6-8 mm;
adding a soil curing agent with the mass of 2.0-3.0% of the mass of the spray-seeding alien soil into alien soil, and mixing at normal temperature to obtain improved alien soil;
the soil curing agent is polyvinyl acetate emulsion, the viscosity of the soil curing agent is 10-50Pas, and the solid content is 45 +/-2 wt%;
the soil is a mixture of soil, organic matters, fertilizers and pH regulators, and the soil comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 75-85% of soil, 8-12% of organic matter, 8-15% of fertilizer and 0.4-0.7% of pH regulator. The soil is mainly sandy soil, the particle size of the particles is not more than 8mm, and original surface soil of an engineering land or nearby agricultural soil can be selected; the organic matter is corn straw, leaf mold and the like; the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer.
Thirdly, carrying out net hanging construction, carrying out soil dressing spray seeding after plant seeds are prepared, and then covering and maintaining the plant seeds by using non-woven fabrics;
the construction process of the hanging net comprises the following steps: the hanging nets are unreeled from top to bottom and laid, two adjacent nets are fixedly connected by binding iron wires, and the joint is at least overlapped by 10 cm;
the mesh is a galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh pitch is 4-8cm, and the diameter of the galvanized iron wire is 2.1mm +/-10%.
The foreign soil spray seeding mode is as follows: firstly, spraying improved alien soil without plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness is 7/10 about the total thickness of spraying sowing; secondly, after the subbase is stabilized, spraying improved alien soil containing plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness of the improved alien soil is 1/10 of the total spraying thickness; finally, spraying the improved alien soil without the plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness of the improved alien soil is about 2/10 of the total spraying thickness, and the total spraying thickness is 18-22 cm;
carrying out germination accelerating treatment on the plant seeds before preparing the alien soil, and completing spray seeding operation within 1-2 days after the alien soil is prepared; the preparation amount of plant seeds is 15-25g/m2。
The plant seeds are one or more of shrub seeds and herbaceous seeds; the shrub seeds are one or more of photinia fraseri, oleander, pyracantha fortuneana and amorpha fruticosa; the herb seed is one or more of herba Cynodonti dactylophorae, rhizoma Imperatae, herba Senecionis Scandentis, and folium Dictamni Radicis;
the non-woven fabric has an areal density of 11-15g/m2The light non-woven fabric of (1);
the maintenance mode is as follows: and in the stage of grass seed germination and seedling, spraying water for maintenance in due time, after spraying is finished for one month, replanting the position with poor growth, and applying fertilizer, watering and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in due time and in a proper amount in the process of gradual growth of the plants.
Example 1
In this example, the high molecular polymer curing agent is 63 wt% of pure acrylic emulsion (viscosity is 200-800mPas, solid content is 50 + -1 wt%), 32 wt% of ordinary portland cement, 3 wt% of film-forming agent and 2 wt% of silicone defoamer.
The soil curing agent is polyvinyl acetate emulsion, the viscosity is 10-50Pas, the solid content is 45 +/-2 wt%, and the adding amount is 2.5 wt% of the mass of the soil dressing.
The soil used for the foreign soil is original surface soil of the engineering land, mainly sandy soil, and the particle size of the particles is not more than 8 mm; the organic matter is a mixture of corn straws and leaf mold; the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer. The weight percentage of each raw material is as follows: 80% of soil, 9% of organic matters, 10.5% of fertilizer and 0.5% of pH regulator.
The plant seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass, groundsel, tall fescue, photinia fraseri and amorpha fruticosa seeds, and the weight percentage of each plant seed is as follows: 30% of bermuda grass, 12% of groundsel, 18% of festuca arundinacea, 20% of photinia fraseri, 20% of amorpha fruticosa, and the preparation amount of plant seeds is 20g/m2。
The effectiveness of the method is detected through a slope model box experiment, three slope model boxes with the height and the width of 1.2m are used and are respectively marked as model boxes A, B, C, then the slope of each model box is divided into three areas, the slopes are respectively set to be 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees, wherein the model A box is constructed by using the method, the model B box is only sprayed with a high polymer curing agent, soil curing agents are not added into soil dressing, the model C box is not sprayed with the high polymer curing agents on the surface, the soil curing agents are not added into the soil dressing, the original soil dressing spray-seeding method is adopted for construction, and other construction modes and conditions are kept consistent.
And paving a layer of coal gangue with the thickness of 10-15cm on the original slope surface of all the simulated slopes to simulate the actual coal gangue slopes, wherein the coal gangue is obtained from field sampling of Longlang high-speed coal gangue slopes.
Spraying a high molecular polymer curing agent after laying the coal gangue, wherein the pure acrylic emulsion used is shown in figure 1, and the simulated slope A after spraying the high molecular polymer curing agent is shown in figure 2.
The simulated side slopes are placed in the open air, and the management measures of the seedlings are the same.
The observation is carried out once every two weeks for 5 months continuously, and the observation contents comprise plant germination rate, coverage rate, height, soil erosion rate, pH value and the like. The simulated slopes a to C after 3 months of construction are shown in fig. 3(a) to (C), respectively.
And a collecting tank is arranged at the slope bottom of each simulated side slope and used for collecting soil lost from the slope surface. And collecting and drying the soil in the collecting tank every week, and calculating the mass ratio of the soil to the initial spray-seeding base material to obtain the soil erosion amount. The maximum water holding capacity of the soil is obtained by adopting a method for measuring the saturated water content. The results of the validity test of example 1 are shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of validity test of example 1
From table 1, it can be seen: the plant germination rate of the model box A is higher than that of the model boxes B and C, the pH value difference of the model box A, B is not large, and the soil of the model box C is slightly acidic, which shows that the spraying of the high molecular polymer curing agent on the coal gangue slope can reduce the influence of heavy metal substances in the coal gangue and the self weak acidity on the plant growth, and improve the growth environment of the plant. The vegetation coverage rate of the model box A is higher than that of the model box B, the model box B is higher than that of the model box C, the soil erosion rate of the model box A is far lower than that of the model box B and that of the model box C, the difference is further increased along with the increase of time, and the maximum water holding capacity of the model box A is far higher than that of the model box B and that of the model box C, so that the water retention capacity of soil can be improved by spraying a high-molecular polymer curing agent and adding a soil curing agent, the scouring resistance of soil dressing is increased, and the growth environment of plants is improved. The model box A has high plant germination, good rain wash resistance of the soil dressing, high vegetation coverage, less water and soil loss, basically covers the slope after three months of construction, further reduces the later soil erosion amount, and has good protection effect.
From the graphs (a) - (C) of fig. 3, the slope of the model box A is complete, an elastic consolidation layer with certain strength and toughness is formed on the surface layer of the slope, the vegetation development condition is far better than that of the model box B and the model box C, and the greening effect is good. Plants at the top of the model box B, C grow rarely and the slope is washed seriously, which indicates that the seeds of the plants sprayed at the top of the model box B, C are washed away by rainwater, so that the germination rate of the plants is low and the slope protection effect is poor.
The shear strength of the root-soil complex in three model boxes is measured by adopting a four-linkage direct shear apparatus, 5 parts of root-soil complex samples are taken randomly on the slope surface of three simulated slopes by a cutting ring, then a solidification fast shear experiment is carried out under the vertical solidification pressure of 100KPa, 200KPa and 250KPa, the shear rate is 0.8mm/min, and the average value of the experiment results is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 shear strength of root soil composite
From table 2, the shear strength of the root-soil composite of the simulated slope a constructed by the method of the present invention is much higher than B, C constructed by the conventional method. On one hand, the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is composed of a large number of long chains with hydrophilic groups on the surfaces, and after the polyvinyl acetate emulsion is mixed with soil, the hydrophilic groups and soil particles form a tight connection structure through hydrogen bonds and cation exchange effects, so that the strength and the stability of the soil body can be improved by adding a soil curing agent; on the other hand, the method can improve the growth environment of the plants, so that the plants grow vigorously and have developed root systems, and the soil body is reinforced, thereby improving the strength of the root-soil complex.
Example 2
Selecting a coal gangue side slope in Xinhua county of Louzu city in Hunan province as an implementation object, wherein the side slope is positioned on the right of the Longlang high-speed K68+ 760-K68 +840 section, the coal gangue on the slope mainly has medium mineralization degree, the coal gangue on the slope is a hilly landform formed by structural degradation along the line, the degradation effect of the structure in a region is strong, bedrocks are exposed, and vegetation is less developed. The inclination angle of the slope is generally between 45 and 60 degrees, and the local slope is more than 60 degrees.
In this example, the high molecular polymer curing agent is 63 wt% of pure acrylic emulsion (viscosity is 200-800mPas, solid content is 50 + -1 wt%), 32 wt% of ordinary portland cement, 3 wt% of film-forming agent and 2 wt% of silicone defoamer.
The soil curing agent is polyvinyl acetate emulsion, the viscosity is 10-50Pas, the solid content is 45 +/-2 wt%, and the adding amount is 2.5 wt% of the mass of the soil dressing.
The soil used for the foreign soil is original surface soil of the engineering land, mainly sandy soil, and the particle size of the particles is not more than 8 mm; the organic matter is a mixture of corn straws and leaf mold; the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer. The weight percentage of each raw material is as follows: 80% of soil, 9% of organic matters, 10.5% of fertilizer and 0.5% of pH regulator.
The plant seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass, groundsel, tall fescue, photinia fraseri and amorpha fruticosa seeds, and the weight percentage of each plant seed is as follows: 30% of bermuda grass, 12% of groundsel, 18% of festuca arundinacea, 20% of photinia fraseri and 20% of amorpha fruticosa.
The construction of the side slope is carried out according to the method of the invention, and a nearby coal gangue side slope constructed according to the original soil dressing spray-seeding method is selected as a reference, and the two side slopes after one year of construction are shown in figure 7.
The comparison of the graphs (a) and (b) in fig. 7 shows that the slope (a) constructed by the common soil dressing spray-seeding method has poor plant development, low vegetation coverage rate and obvious rain wash traces on the slope surface; the coal gangue side slope (b) constructed by the method of the invention obtains better technical effect, the slope surface greening is basically covered, the vegetation development is good, the environmental quality is obviously optimized, and the effects of side slope protection and ecological restoration are initially embodied.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reinforcing a shallow layer of a coal gangue side slope and restoring ecology is characterized by comprising the following specific implementation steps:
firstly, carrying out slope surface leveling and anchor rod construction on a coal gangue side slope, and then spraying a high-molecular polymer curing agent on the surface of the coal gangue side slope and carrying out curing;
step two, adding a soil curing agent into the alien soil, and fully mixing to obtain improved alien soil;
and thirdly, spraying the improved alien soil, covering with non-woven fabrics and maintaining.
2. The method for shallow layer reinforcement and ecological restoration of the coal gangue slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the high molecular polymer curing agent is a mixture of pure acrylic emulsion, cement, a film forming agent and a defoaming agent, and the weight percentage of each raw material is as follows: 55-65% of pure acrylic emulsion, 25-35% of cement, 3-6% of film-forming agent and 1-4% of defoaming agent.
3. The method for shallow layer reinforcement and ecological restoration of the coal gangue slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: the viscosity of the pure acrylic emulsion is 200-800mPas, and the solid content is 50 +/-1 wt%; the cement is ordinary portland cement; the defoaming agent is an organic silicon defoaming agent.
4. The method for shallow layer reinforcement and ecological restoration of the coal gangue slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the first step, the thickness of the high molecular polymer curing agent is 6-8mm, and the curing time is 7 days.
5. The method for shallow layer reinforcement and ecological restoration of the coal gangue slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the second step, the soil curing agent is polyvinyl acetate emulsion, the viscosity is 10-50Pas, the solid content is 45 +/-2 wt%, and the adding amount of the soil curing agent is 2.0-3.0 wt% of the mass of the alien soil.
6. The method for shallow layer reinforcement and ecological restoration of the coal gangue slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the third step, the foreign soil spray seeding mode is as follows: firstly, spraying improved alien soil without plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness is 7/10 of the total spraying thickness; secondly, spraying improved alien soil containing plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness of the improved alien soil is 1/10 of the total spraying thickness; and finally, spraying the improved alien soil without the plant seeds, wherein the spraying thickness of the improved alien soil is 2/10 of the total spraying thickness, and the total spraying thickness is 18-22 cm.
7. The method for shallow layer reinforcement and ecological restoration of the coal gangue slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: plant seeds advance in preparing soil dressingAccelerating germination, and completing spray seeding operation within 1-2 days after the alien soil is prepared; the preparation amount of plant seeds is 15-25g/m2；
The plant seeds are one or more of shrub seeds and herbaceous seeds; the shrub seeds are one or more of photinia fraseri, oleander, pyracantha fortuneana and amorpha fruticosa; the herb seed is one or more of herba Cynodonti dactylophorae, rhizoma Imperatae, herba Senecionis Scandentis, and folium Dictamni Radicis.
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