JP3539667B2 - Planting base - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a planting base, and more particularly to a planting base capable of realizing an environment suitable for plant growth by providing a planting hole having a shape excellent in root growth.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a planting base is a base having a void for water retention therein, such as a porous body formed by bonding porous concrete or crushed stone with cement, and further, filling a void of the porous body with a water retention material. Are used.
Examples of porous concrete planting bases that can be planted on rock slopes, seawalls, building walls, and the like include, for example, JP-A-53-114024, JP-A-4-89919, and JP-A-4-89920. And JP-A-4-89921, etc., describe concrete based on a continuous void structure. On the other hand, in order to suppress the influence of alkali elution from concrete which is not preferable for plant growth, JP-A-6-228965 and JP-A-6-228967 use a low alkaline mixed cement, and use an acidic water retention material. A planting base that is excellent in strength and water holding capacity filled with is proposed.
[0003]
When trees are planted on a porous concrete planting base, the seedlings are planted in pre-arranged planting holes, but in order for the plants to grow sufficiently, the stability of the trees must be maintained. It is preferable to provide a planting hole that can sufficiently grow the roots.However, with the conventional planting base, the dimensions and shape of the planting hole have not been devised so far, and the stability of the tree has been improved. There is a possibility that the growth of the tree may be hindered, for example, the roots may not be sufficiently formed in the underground part or the roots may not be sufficiently formed.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a planting base capable of realizing tree stability and sufficient root growth without inhibiting plant growth. It is in.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that by controlling the shape of the planting hole, a planting base satisfying both stability and growth can be obtained, and completed the present invention.
In other words, planting栽基board of the present invention, coarse aggregate, containing fine aggregate, binder, it is filled with a water retention material during the continuous pores of the concrete having a continuous void, placing the seedlings to be planted A planting hole having a shape in which at least two root guiding holes are provided from the bottom to the outside, perpendicular to the wall surface of the planting hole.
The planting base according to claim 3 of the present invention contains coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and binder, and is filled with a water-retentive material in continuous voids of concrete having continuous voids. A planting hole for arranging seedlings to be planted, wherein the planting hole has a shape in which a convex portion is provided at the center of the bottom of the planting hole.
The planting base of the present invention contains coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and binder, and is filled with a water-retentive material in continuous voids of concrete having continuous voids. It is preferable to provide a planting hole having a hole diameter larger by 15 cm to 25 cm.
[0005]
The porous concrete planting base according to the present invention has a continuous void amount necessary for the plant to grow healthy and the root to grow, and has strength enough to withstand construction and installation on steep slopes or root growth. In the present invention, a preferable space necessary for plants to grow healthy and grow roots is secured on a porous concrete base, and the direction of root growth is controlled so that the space can be utilized to the maximum. A tree planting hole having a shape that changes the shape of the plant is guided by the root growth direction, so that the root grows and is more stably fixed to the base, or the base itself is compressed due to the root growth. This has the advantage that it effectively prevents plant growth and contributes to the stability of the plant and the durability of the planting base, and is suitable for construction and installation on steep slopes where care for the plant is difficult.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing the configuration of the planting base of the present invention.
The configuration of the planting base 10 of the present invention is based on a concrete containing coarse aggregate 12, fine aggregate 14, and binder 16 and having continuous voids (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as porous concrete) 18. The water-retentive material 20 is filled in the continuous voids of the concrete, and if necessary, a soil layer 22 is provided thereon. A planting hole 26 for planting a tree 24 is provided on the base of the porous concrete.
[0007]
As a result of earnestly studying the conditions of the planting holes 26 for planting the tree seedlings 24, among the roots of the planted trees 24, relatively thin roots extend into the voids of the porous concrete 18, but are thick. The roots cannot enter the voids and have the property of being difficult to elongate.The relatively thin roots have the effect of preventing the tree from overturning due to wind, etc., and have the effect of stably holding the tree, And so on.
[0008]
The present inventors first examined the diameter of the planting hole, and as a result, found that the planting hole diameter was preferably 15 to 25 cm larger than the root pot diameter of the seedling. Here, the root pot diameter is a size that is approximately proportional to the root volume of the seedling. When planting in a planting hole having a planting hole diameter of less than the root pot diameter of the seedling + 15 cm, the space formed by the root pot and the planting hole wall surface is extremely narrow, so that a relatively thick root that cannot extend into the void of the porous concrete. Grows spirally in the planting hole, inhibiting the growth of trees and increasing the pressure on the porous concrete base as the roots grow. In addition, when planting in a planting hole having a hole diameter exceeding the root diameter of the seedling + 25 cm, until the root grows, the thin root extends in the void of the porous concrete, and the seedling is stably fixed to the base. It takes a long period of time for the seedlings to support the growth of the seedlings, so that it is necessary to use a supporting column corresponding to the amount of growth.
[0009]
As described above, according to the study of the present inventors, the relatively thick roots of trees grow spirally, so that the root growth space is insufficient, the growth of the above-ground parts of plants is inhibited, and the porous concrete In order to reduce the strength of the base due to the stress caused by the growth of the root on the base, the size and shape of the tree to guide the root growth direction are studied so that the root of the tree does not grow spirally. Is completed. The first aspect is to define the hole diameter of the planting hole.
That is, if the hole diameter of the planting hole is within the range of the present invention, the relatively thick root first extends downward, and since a moderate space is formed in the root pot and the planting hole wall surface, after reaching the bottom surface The roots are guided from the bottom in the direction of the vertical wall of the planting hole and extend upward, so that the growth of the root is not hindered, and the growing end of the root reaches the bottom or side of the planting hole relatively quickly. Therefore, there is no need for supporting columns except during the initial stage of planting.
[0010]
For preventing helical growth in a relatively thick roots planted in栽孔, a state like this invention, roots porous concrete foundation towards the forming direction and vertical planting栽孔the bottom of the planting栽孔Guide holes are formed.
FIG. 2A is a plan view showing the shape of the planting hole according to the first aspect, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA. Here, four root guiding holes 32 are formed radially from the bottom of the planting hole 30 and perpendicular to the direction in which the planting hole 30 is formed.
The root guiding holes 32 are preferably formed parallel to the base surface, and are preferably formed in at least two opposite directions from the viewpoint of tree stability. If the number of the root induction holes 32 is too large, the strength of the base is reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to form two or more root induction holes 32 in the range of five or less. The diameter of the guide hole can be appropriately selected according to the tree to be planted, but is generally preferably about 20 to 60 mm.
The guide hole 32 does not need to be a complete space, and for example, a rod of a predetermined size of organic corrosive fiber may be embedded. The relatively thick root reaching the bottom of the planting hole extends to this portion, and the tree can grow healthy.
[0011]
In the aspect according to the third aspect of the present invention for preventing spiral growth in a planting hole of a relatively thick root, a shape is provided in which a convex portion is provided at the center of the bottom of the planting hole.
FIG. 3A is a plan view showing the shape of the planting hole according to the third aspect, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA. Here, a convex portion 36 is provided at the center of the bottom of the planting hole 34, and the relatively thick roots reaching the bottom of the planting hole are guided to the upper part along the wall surface of the planting hole, and the soil portion of the surface layer By escaping, it is possible to prevent tree growth inhibition and load on the base.
The shape of the projection is not particularly limited as long as the growth of the root is not hindered, and may be conical, pyramidal, hemispherical, or a combination thereof.
[0012]
Next, the porous concrete constituting the planting base of the present invention will be described. The planting base of the present invention contains a coarse aggregate, a fine aggregate, and a binder, and is formed by filling a continuous pore of concrete having a continuous pore with a water retention material. Known materials can be appropriately used as the material of the porous concrete.
[0013]
The coarse aggregate that can be used for the porous concrete of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has practical strength and does not cause rapid deterioration after planting, and known coarse aggregates can be used. Although it can be used as appropriate, for example, ordinary crushed stone, assite, natural crushed rock of volcanic rock, blast furnace slag, refractory industrial waste, slow-release fertilizers such as soluble phosphorus fertilizer, other, artificial aggregates such as glass cullet and These mixtures are mentioned. It is also preferable to use clinker ash discharged from a thermal power plant or the like by mixing about 5 to 20% by weight of the coarse aggregate.
[0014]
The average particle size of the coarse aggregate is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 mm. When the particle size of the coarse aggregate is less than 10 mm, the volume of the continuous voids formed in the concrete is small, and the roots are difficult to grow. When the average particle size exceeds 40 mm, the strength of the cured product is reduced. .
[0015]
The porous concrete according to the present invention may contain a predetermined amount of fine aggregate. As the fine aggregate, known river sand, crushed sand, and the like can be used, and clinker ash having an average particle diameter of 5 mm or less discharged from a thermal power plant or the like can be used as the fine aggregate.
[0016]
The above-mentioned aggregate is solidified via a binder, whereby concrete having continuous voids formed therein can be obtained. The continuous space in the present invention refers to a space having a continuous cell portion that allows free water and air to flow through a hardened body (concrete).
The continuous porosity in the porous concrete is not particularly limited. However, in consideration of the filling amount of water and water-retaining material necessary for growing the plant and the strength of the planting substrate itself, the porosity is generally 20%. % To 35%. If it is less than 20%, it is difficult to secure a growth space for plant roots and a gas phase for respiration, which is not suitable for plant growth. If it exceeds 35%, it is difficult to secure practical strength of the base concrete. However, by adjusting the strength of the binder, the water retaining ability of the water retaining material, and the like, a suitable planting base can be obtained outside of these ranges.
[0017]
The cement for the binder applied to the present invention is not particularly limited, whether it is a cement for cement or cement for mortar, but that the alkali substance is suppressed as compared with ordinary Portland cement, It is desirable from the viewpoint of plant growing conditions. As the cement corresponding to this, there is a mixed cement in which one or more kinds of fine powders such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, Irwin, and silica are added to Portland cement.
Fine powders such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, Irwin, and silica mentioned here react with calcium hydroxide produced by hydration in Portland cement to consume and reduce the alkali substance of the cured product. have. Furthermore, fly ash contains trace amounts of magnesium and boron as chemical components, and can supply trace amounts of nutrients essential for plant growth.
When fly ash, Irwin, or siliceous fine powder is mixed with cement, it is desirable that the addition amount is in the range of 10 to 40% by weight of the cement from the viewpoint of volume change and strength of the cured product. When the addition amount of these fine powders is less than 10% by weight, the suppression of the alkali substance is insufficient, which is not preferable in plant growth. If the added amount exceeds 40% by weight, the initial strength of the concrete will be extremely reduced, so that it cannot be put to practical use.
[0018]
The water-binding material ratio of the porous concrete according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 24 to 26% when a normal concrete material is used. This is because the porosity and the value of the cement paste sieved from the kneaded porous concrete in a flow test of J1SR 5201 (hereinafter referred to as flow value) are constant, and the water binding ratio is changed to change the porous concrete. This is because the maximum compression strength when manufactured is 25% relative to the water bond.
If the water binder ratio is about 25%, the cement paste has a relatively low viscosity, and the cement is sufficiently dispersed, so that the strength of the cement paste is sufficient. In some cases, the cement paste has a low viscosity and is suitable for uniform dispersion, but the strength of the cement paste tends to decrease as the amount of the binder decreases. In the case of less than 25% of the water bonding, the amount of the cement paste decreases as the amount of water decreases. Have a high viscosity, the dispersion of the cement becomes insufficient, and the strength of the cement paste tends to be lower in the case of low water binding. For this reason, about 24 to 26% is preferable, but the preferable range can be adjusted by selecting a binder, a dispersing aid, and the like.
[0019]
The planting base of the present invention is a porous concrete obtained by filling the pores of the porous concrete obtained as described above with a water-retentive material, and as a water-retentive material, can retain the water required for plant growth. There is no particular limitation as long as it is a material, but considering that the inside of the void of the porous concrete is alkaline, it is desirable that the porous concrete contains an acidic substance that does not corrode the solidified portion of the cement paste or mortar. Examples of such a water retention material include an acidic fertilizer and soil containing an acidic substance, and a short fibrous material of peat moss is particularly preferable. Since peat moss has high water retention and contains corrosive organic acids such as humic acid, the pH of the water it holds shows a weak acidity of about 4, and by putting this into concrete voids for greening foundations, cement Can effectively neutralize the alkali substance brought about by the above, and can impart water retention to the inside of the concrete.
[0020]
In the planting base of the present invention, fly ash can be mixed with a water retention material that imparts a function of supplying water to the plant. By mixing fly ash with the water-retentive material as exemplified above in a range that does not become highly alkaline (for example, about pH 4 to 10), it supplies not only water but also a trace amount of magnesium and boron essential for plant growth. be able to. Mixing amount of the water-retentive material filling is preferably in the range of 10 to 50 kg / m ^3, the addition amount is less than 10 kg / m ^3, the fertilizer effect is insufficient, fly ash alkalinity Therefore, if mixed in a large amount exceeding 50 kg / m ³ , there is a concern that plant growth may be adversely affected.
[0021]
Although the above-mentioned porous concrete base filled with the water-retaining material is suitable as a base for growing and greening plants, it is desirable to further cover soil for the purpose of more effectively growing plants. Covering means that a concrete base is covered with guest soil to provide a guest soil layer of a suitable thickness, and the thickness of the guest soil layer and the material of the guest soil are appropriately determined according to the purpose and the location of the planting base. You can choose.
As soil, it is common to use field soil, peat moss, or the like, but it is also possible to mix the above-mentioned clinker ash or fly ash. As mentioned earlier, clinker ash and fly ash have excellent water retention and contain trace amounts of magnesium and boron, which are essential for plant growth. Is preferred.
[0022]
The planting base of the present invention in which such planting holes are provided in such a porous concrete base does not hinder the growth of the roots and has a small load on the base due to the growth of the roots. It retains, does not inhibit the growth of roots and above-ground plants, and has excellent durability.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[Example 1]
A 1cm × 1m, 40cm thick, 45 ° tilt angle porous concrete slab with a hole 35cm in diameter and 30cm in depth at the center is poured, and the pores of the porous concrete are filled with a water retention material and The planting base was painted with soil and planted in the center hole.
[0024]
As the porous concrete, a mixture of 202 kg of ordinary Portland cement, 81 kg of fly ash, 101 kg of clinker ash having a maximum particle diameter of 40 mm, 1381 kg of No. 5 crushed stone, and 2.81 kg of high-performance AE water reducing agent in a proportion of 71 kg is used. , Cured.
Porous concrete filled with peat moss pulverized as a water-retentive material at an apparent volume of 8 g / liter per volume, and two kinds of tall fescue, one kind of bluegrass, mugwort, and weasel are mixed in the field soil. The surface of the concrete was sprayed with a thickness of 5 cm to form a soil layer. In the center hole, rodent seedlings having a height of 1.2 m and a root pot diameter of 15 cm were planted. The difference between the diameter of the root pot and the diameter of the planting hole was 20 cm.
[0025]
[Example 2]
The shape of the planting hole provided in the center part of the porous concrete slab is vertically perpendicular to the wall of the planting hole at a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 30 cm, and four root guide holes of 5 cm in diameter are formed on the bottom surface from the bottom. A planting base was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape was provided radially toward the outside, and as in Example 1, a sapling of a rodent rice plant with a root-pot diameter of 15 cm was planted.
[0026]
[Example 3]
A planting hole was formed in the center of the porous concrete plate in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the planting hole provided in the center of the porous plate was a diameter of 25 cm, a depth of 30 cm, and a bottom surface raised by 10 cm in a conical shape. A planting base was prepared, and as in Example 1, a sapling of a rodent rice plant having a root pot diameter of 15 cm was planted.
[0027]
[Comparative example]
A planting base was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a hole having a diameter of 20 cm was provided in the center in the vertical direction. .
[0028]
(Evaluation of planting base)
The same environmental conditions were used for the seedlings of the rodent rodents, which were planted in the central holes of the planting bases of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example obtained as described above, and were not particularly top-fertilized with rat rods of almost the same thickness. Grown for two years. Two years later, the stem diameter at a height of 5 cm from the planting soil surface was measured, and the growth amount from the time of planting was obtained. The stem diameter growth amount of the rodent mochi of the planting base of Example 1 was 19 mm. The stem diameter growth amount of the rodent mochi of the planting base of No. 2 was 17 mm, and the stem diameter growth amount of the rodent mochi of the planting base of Example 3 was 16 mm. On the other hand, the stem diameter growth amount of the rodent mochi of the planting base of Comparative Example was 13 mm, and it was clear that the planting bases of Examples 1 to 3 showed better growth.
[0029]
After the growth amount was investigated, the porous concrete slabs of the planting bases of Example 1 and Comparative Example were cut to observe the elongation state of the roots. As a result, in the planting base of Example 1, the thick roots had planting holes. On the other hand, in the planting base of the comparative example, most of the thick roots were swirled at the bottom of the planting hole, while extending from the bottom to the surface.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
Since the planting base of the present invention is configured as described above, it has an excellent effect that the growth of the plant is not inhibited and the stability of the tree and the sufficient growth of the root can be realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a first embodiment of a planting base of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a plan view showing an example of a shape of a planting hole in the aspect of the planting base of the present invention according to claim 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX.
FIG. 3A is a plan view showing an example of a shape of a planting hole in a mode according to claim 3 of the planting base of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Planting base 12 Coarse aggregate 14 Fine aggregate 16 Bonding material 18 Concrete having continuous voids (porous concrete)
Reference Signs List 20 water retention material 22 customer soil layer 24 tree 26 planting hole 30 planting hole 32 root guiding hole 34 planting hole 36 convex portion provided at the bottom of planting hole

Claims (3)

A planting hole that contains a coarse aggregate, a fine aggregate, a binder, and is filled with a water-retentive material in continuous voids of concrete having continuous voids, and is used to arrange seedlings to be planted. A planting base comprising a planting hole having at least two root guiding holes extending from the bottom to the outside, perpendicular to the wall surface of the hole. The planting base according to claim 1, further comprising a planting hole having a shape in which two to five root guiding holes are provided from a bottom to an outer side of the planting hole perpendicular to a wall surface of the planting hole. A planting hole that contains a coarse aggregate, a fine aggregate, a binder, and is filled with a water-retentive material in continuous voids of concrete having continuous voids, and is used to arrange seedlings to be planted. A planting base comprising a planting hole having a shape in which a convex portion is provided at the center of the bottom of the hole.

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