CN102020506B - Plant ash seedling-growing matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant ash seedling-growing matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102020506B CN102020506B CN201010512201.1A CN201010512201A CN102020506B CN 102020506 B CN102020506 B CN 102020506B CN 201010512201 A CN201010512201 A CN 201010512201A CN 102020506 B CN102020506 B CN 102020506B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant ash seedling-growing matrix and a preparation method thereof. The matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 100 parts of plant ash desalted through washing and dewatered through centrifugation, 10-35 parts of soil and 0.02-0.35 part of binder. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding a nitrogen element to increase the content of rapid available nitrogen to reach 100-300 mg/L, or adding the nitrogen element to increase the content of rapid available nitrogen to reach 100-300 mg/L and simultaneously adding a phosphorus element, adjusting the PH of a material to be 6-8 by using an acid, and adjusting the moisture content of the material to be 40-55%. The matrix is applicable to vegetables, flowers, tobaccos, nursery-grown plants and field crops, such as rice, corns, cotton and other various crops requiring seedling growing and transplanting. When the matrix is used for growing seedlings, the seedlings are strong and have no disease, good root system development, short seedling recovery period after transplanting and high survival rate.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to agriculture cultivation technology field, be specifically related to soilless raising seedling substrate, more specifically relate to a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix and preparation method thereof.
Technical background:
Adopt soilless raising seedling substrate to cultivate crop seedling, on vegetables, flowers, tobacco, nursery stock and even the field crop crop that needs seedling raising and transplanting as multiple in paddy rice, corn, cotton etc., be used widely.The composition of seedling medium is main mainly with organic materials, as the peat composed of rotten mosses, the straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, barnyard manure, mushroom slag etc., and is aided with part inorganic material, as vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, slag, gravel etc.Although also there is people to add ash in preparation seedling medium, but all as auxiliary material, consumption is less, if patent publication No. is CN1820579, name is called a kind of soilless culture again containing matrix and preparation method thereof, patent publication No. CN101095396 and for example, name is called a kind of technique of planting green vegetables, and in disclosed seedling medium, ash content is all below 5%.
Ash is a large amount of discarded objects that exist in rural area, wherein contain take potassium element as main multiple be the necessary mineral nutrient element of plant growth.For a long time, because it mainly disperses fragmentary mode to produce with peasant household, general how directly using as semi supplied manure, and become the important channel that the most farmlands of China maintain potassium nutrition balance.In recent years, a collection of power plant that straw is the energy of take has been built in various places, concentrates and has produced a large amount of ash, because the unit weight of ash is low, packed and transported cost is high, and inconvenience is used in field, thereby hope the ash that Straw power plant is produced all directly fertile as agriculture, difficulty is larger.If ash is directly discharged as rubbish, not only waste resource, and contaminated environment.Potassium in ash is extracted as fertilizer, although can reduce resources loss, the lime-ash after de-potassium, still needs to process.Can say the processing of ash, a large technical barrier that has become take power plant that straw is the energy to solve.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix, this seedling medium is usingd ash as primary raw material, be one and fully solve the effective way that ash utilizes, not only can effectively solve a difficult problem for Straw power plant garbage emission, and can provide high-quality matrix for soilless-cultivated seedling.
Another technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide the preparation method of this plant ash seedling-growing matrix.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix, by following raw materials according through mixing: through washing desalination and through 100 parts of the ash of dehydration, soil 10-35 part, binding agent 0.02-0.35 part, when adding nitrogen manure to make quick-acting state nitrogen contents reach 100-300mg/L or adding nitrogen manure to make quick-acting state nitrogen contents reach 100-300mg/L, add phosphorus fertilizer, with acid, regulating the PH of material is 6-8, and regulating the water content of material is 40-55%.
Described acid refers to one or both or the two or more mixture in ferrous sulfate, sulfuric acid, humus.
Described soil refers in clay-type substance bentonite, attapulgite or common clay soil one or both or two or more mixing, at least crosses 30 mesh sieves.Cross grit number high, can go easy soil, but cost high (needing suitability for industrialized production).General 40 mesh sieves of crossing, peasant oneself just can solve, and has not only facilitated, cost but also low.In matrix, add clay, both as binding agent, used, can improve matrix structure again, strengthen fertilizer conservation and the shock-absorbing capacity of matrix.
Described binding agent refers to water soluble polymer synthetic polymer, as one or both or two or more mixture in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM), Sodium Polyacrylate (PAA).
The method of preparing above-mentioned a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix, comprises the following steps:
(1) by above-mentioned each component weight portion proportioning, ash is put into pond, with enough clear water, soak and Leaching and desalinization, make ash saliferous electrical conductivity after drip washing lower than 2ms/cm, centrifugal dehydration to water content reaches below 40%.Then in ash, add acid, regulate PH to 8-6, and pile up and place more than 4 hours;
(2) in the material obtaining to step (1), add nitrogen manure or nitric acid, make the quick-acting state nitrogen contents of material reach 100-300mg/L; Or add nitrogen manure in the material obtaining to step (1), when making the quick-acting state nitrogen contents of material reach 100-300mg/L, add phosphorus element-containing fertilizer;
(3) in the material obtaining to step (2), add clay powder, add the binder solution after being watered, limit edged stirs, and fully mixes thoroughly, and regulates material moisture to 40-55%.
For the ease of mixing and stirring of material, be all that binding agent is converted into the aqueous solution conventionally.Certainly, the water adding, can not make the water content in material surpass the described upper limit.The amount that binding agent adds, surpasses the described upper limit and is also fine, but consider production cost, and general control is in above-mentioned interval range.
Regulating the acid solutions of material acid-base value, is generally 10-20% (can with the acid waste liquid without other harmful substance producing in Chemical Manufacture) by sulfuric acid solution concentration, or the solution concentration sulphate ferrous iron (FeSO that is 10-20%
4.7H
2o).
The described nitrogen manure that adds, makes the quick-acting state nitrogen contents of material reach 100-300mg/L.Can realize by carrying the compound of nitrogen element, for example, add the materials such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate class, as only needed, obtain nitrate nitrogen, only need in material, add nitric acid.As need be added P elements simultaneously, can add phosphorus ammonium, superphosphate etc. containing phosphatic manure.
Ash has the desired features of applicable making seedling medium such as unit weight is low, water-holding capacity is high, aseptic, have again that salinity is high, alkalescence is strong, particle thin, water after gas permeability poor and easily outflow with water, nutrient composition not comprehensively and the fertilizer-preserving ability many-sided defect that is unfavorable for growth of seedling such as poor.The present invention is directed to the feature of ash, adopt the measures such as desalination, acid adjustment, supplementary fertilizer and adding additives, be manufactured with the aseptic seedling medium of high-quality that is beneficial to growth of seedling.
This matrix is suitable for vegetables, flowers, tobacco, nursery stock and even field crop as multiple crops that needs seedling raising and transplanting such as paddy rice, corn, cottons, uses this substrate seedling, and rice shoot stalwartness is anosis, and root system development is good, and after transplanting, seedling-slowing stage is short, and survival rate is high.
Can say, with ash, make seedling medium, be one and fully solve the effective way that ash utilizes, not only can effectively solve a difficult problem for Straw power plant garbage emission, and can produce considerable economic benefit, and promoting conversely applying of straw generation technology, its economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit are remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Plant ash seedling-growing matrix for the preparation of point disk seedling growing: more than the dark 0.6m in pond, volume is in 3m3 filter wash pond, to add the heavily about 1T of ash, by water wash to the electrical conductivity of delivery port, be less than 2ms/cm, stop filter wash, discharge lime-ash, centrifugal dehydration, lime-ash 1000kg after the dehydration of learning from else's experience, water content approximately 40% (wet basis), its salt content electrical conductivity is 1.5ms/cm.In lime-ash, add containing 10% sulfuric acid (H
2sO
4) and 10% ferrous sulfate (FeSO
4.7H
2o) mixing acid adjustment liquid 150kg, fully mixes thoroughly, piles up and places 4 hours; Then the attapulgite 150kg that adds 3% salpeter solution 100kg, mistake 100 mesh sieves, 1.5% polyacrylamide (PAM) solution 100Kg, limit edged stirs, fully mix thoroughly.The matrix being made into, unit weight is 0.3g/cm
3left and right, total porosity 90% left and right, wherein ventilating slit accounts for 20% of total pore space, pH value 7.5, wherein NO
3the about 240mg/L of-N content.This matrix is suitable for all kinds of vegetable plug seedlings, and rice shoot stalwartness is anosis, and root system development is good, easily forms stopper seedling, and after transplanting, seedling-slowing stage is short, and survival rate is high.For corn, cotton, tobacco, flowers etc., grow seedlings also very suitable.
Embodiment 2
Prepare plant ash seedling-growing matrix nutritive cube: the lime-ash 1000kg of the learn from else's experience desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching dehydration is 20% sulfuric acid (H to adding concentration in lime-ash
2sO
4) and 20% ferrous sulfate (FeSO
4.7H
2o) mixing acid adjustment liquid 80kg, fully mixes thoroughly, piles up and places 5 hours; The attapulgite 150kg, the 5%PVA solution 50Kg that add 10% ammonium nitrate solution 20kg, mistake 100 mesh sieves, limit edged stirs, and fully mixes thoroughly.Use mould briquetting, finished diameter 3.5cm, high 4cm, the semicircle sowing cave of degree of depth 0.5cm is left at center, upper end.Nutritive cube unit weight is about 0.45g/cm
3, total porosity 80% left and right, when supplying water from nutritive cube bottom, full piece suctions moisture time≤30min.Nutritive cube can be directly used in and grow seedlings, and also can dry rear use.This nutritive cube soaking-resistant, normally waters and can not wash away nutritive cube, as long as note preventing from going here and there root between nursery stage, during transplanting, nutritive cube can remain intact.
All the other are implemented as embodiment 1
Embodiment 3
The making of the plant ash seedling-growing matrix of growing seedlings for rice machine rice transplanting: lime-ash 1000kg after the learn from else's experience desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching dehydration adds ferrous sulfate (FeSO in lime-ash
4.7H
2o) 75kg, ammonium sulfate 4kg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 0.5kg, fully mixes thoroughly, and piling up placement more than 3 days (is crystal ferrous sulfate (FeSO because of what add
4.7H
2o), need to pile up standing time longer, allow it fully react); The yellow clay 300kg, the 0.2%PAM solution 300Kg that added 40 mesh sieves, limit edged stirs, and fully mixes thoroughly, can be used for rice mechanical transplanting seedling and grows seedlings.The matrix being made into, unit weight is 0.3g/cm
3left and right, total porosity 85% left and right, wherein ventilating slit accounts for 15% of total pore space, PH7.5, quick-acting state nitrogen contents reach 260mg/L, and available phosphorus contents reaches 70mg/L.In-built this finished product of each standard plate 1.5kg makes subsoil, after planting the common fine earth lid kind that sieves for top.With this matrix seedling, rice shoot disease is light, and packing is good, and seedling piece is lightweight, is convenient to transportation and upper machine and plants.
All the other are implemented as embodiment 1.
Table 1 plant ash seedling-growing matrix is applied to the effect of vegetable plug seedling
Table 2 plant ash seedling-growing matrix is applied to the effect that rice machine rice transplanting is grown seedlings
| Process | Leaf age | Height of seedling cm | The wide mm of stem foot | Hundred strains are fresh weight g on the ground | The underground fresh weight g of hundred strains |
| Ash | 2.34 | 12.22 | 1.80 | 7.77 | 2.85 |
| Common Nutrition Soil | 2.82 | 11.63 | 2.00 | 7.76 | 1.98 |
Claims (7)
1. a plant ash seedling-growing matrix, by following raw materials according through mixing: through 100 parts of washing desalination the ash that produce through the straw electric generation plant of dehydration, soil 10-35 part, binding agent 0.02-0.35 part, when adding nitrogen manure to make quick-acting state nitrogen contents reach 100-300mg/L or adding nitrogen manure to make quick-acting state nitrogen contents reach 100-300mg/L, add phosphorus fertilizer, with acid, regulating the pH of material is 6-8, and regulating the water content of material is 40-55%.
2. a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described acid refers to one or both mixtures in sulfuric acid, humus.
3. a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: use ferrous sulfate to regulate the pH value of material.
4. a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described soil refers to one or both or the two or more mixing in clay-type substance bentonite, attapulgite or common clay soil, at least crosses 30 mesh sieves.
5. a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described binding agent refers to water soluble polymer synthetic polymer.
6. a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix as described in claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that: described binding agent is one or both or the two or more mixing in polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, Sodium Polyacrylate.
7. the method for preparing a kind of plant ash seedling-growing matrix described in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) by each component weight portion proportioning claimed in claim 1, ash is put into pond, be soaked in water and wash or Leaching and desalinization, make ash saliferous electrical conductivity after washing lower than 2ms/cm, centrifugal dehydration to water content is below 40%, then in ash, add acid, regulate pH to 8-6, and pile up and place more than 4 hours;
(2) in the material obtaining to step (1), add nitrogen element, or add P elements when adding nitrogen element in the material obtaining to step (1);
(3) in the material obtaining to step (2), add soil after sieving, add the binder solution after being watered, limit edged stirs, and fully mixes thoroughly.
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| CN201010512201.1A CN102020506B (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | Plant ash seedling-growing matrix and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010512201.1A CN102020506B (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | Plant ash seedling-growing matrix and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102020506A CN102020506A (en) | 2011-04-20 |
| CN102020506B true CN102020506B (en) | 2014-01-29 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN103503750A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-15 | 合肥市天丰菌业科技有限公司 | Soilless cultivation matrix of paeonia lactiflora and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN102603393A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-07-25 | 淮安市农业科学研究院 | Preparation method of seedling matrix for rice transplanting of plant ash rice transplanting machine |
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| CN102020506A (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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