CN107188674B - Solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the seedling substrate comprises a main material, vermiculite and perlite, and the main material, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to a volume ratio of 3-4: 0.6-0.7: 0.3-0.4, adding 10-15 g of paclobutrazol and 1.5-2 kg of 0.4-0.5 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution into each cubic mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; the main materials are discharged by a cow mattress bed, and the carbon/nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-30: 1, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, the water content is 60% -65%, EM zymocyte is inoculated, stacking is carried out, a film is covered, high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out, and air drying is carried out. When the substrate is used for seedling culture, the root system is developed and does not grow excessively, seedlings are robust, damping-off and root rot are obviously reduced, and aphids are reduced; the virus disease of the seedlings planted in the field is reduced, and the yield is improved by 14 to 19 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetable planting, in particular to a solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The solanaceous vegetables comprise eggplants, tomatoes and hot peppers and are characterized by longer growth cycle, wherein 1/3 time is spent in a seedling bed. The quality of the solanaceous vegetable seedlings directly influences the yield, so that the seedling culture is very important in the whole growth period. With the rapid development of the vegetable industry and the popularization of the industrialized seedling raising technology, the light substrate plug seedling raising technology is widely applied, various substrates are inoculated, the commonly used substrates are prepared by mixing organic materials and inorganic materials according to a proportion and preparing various vegetable seedling raising substrates after adjusting physical and chemical properties, wherein the organic materials mainly comprise industrial and agricultural organic wastes including crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, traditional Chinese medicine residues, tea residues, biogas residues, mushroom residues, wine residues, wormcast and the like, and the inorganic materials mainly comprise vermiculite, perlite and the like. The application of the substrate solves the problems of resource utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes and environmental pollution on one hand, provides a proper root system growth environment for the growth of vegetables in the seedling stage, solves the nutritional problem of the growth of vegetables in the seedling stage and lays a foundation for cultivating sound seedlings. However, how to well control excessive growth of seedlings through the substrate in the seedling stage and control the plant diseases and insect pests of the seedlings, particularly the excessive growth, aphids, aphid-induced viruses and the like in the seedling raising process of solanaceous fruits in autumn are not involved.
At present, the demand of people for beef and milk is continuously increased, new requirements for quality are provided, the cattle raising industry is rapidly developed under the demand, and the breeding mode is also developed into large-scale ecological breeding from the traditional free-ranging breeding. The inventor of the patent finds that the application of the high-quality compound feed and various environment-friendly low-cost compound packing materials under the ecological breeding condition improves the quality of the discharged material of the cattle pen cushion bed, and obviously improves the fertilizing and matrix utilization effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the solanaceous vegetable seedling culture medium which takes the transferred material of the dairy cow bedding as the main material, is integrally rich in organic matters, nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, has moderate pH value, is used for culturing solanaceous vegetable seedlings, and realizes the purposes of strengthening the seedlings and reducing plant diseases and insect pests.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate, which takes the moving and discharging material of the cow bedding as the main material, adjusts the fermentation parameters, accesses EM zymocyte, air-dries after high-temperature aerobic fermentation, mixes with auxiliary materials such as vermiculite, perlite and the like according to the proportion, and then adds paclobutrazol and dilute sulphuric acid solution according to the proportion to compound the seedling substrate, the process is simple, and the large-scale production is easy.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the solanaceous fruit seedling raising substrate is prepared by moving a material out of a dairy cow bedding, adding urea, calcium superphosphate and 0.2-0.3 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, adjusting nutrients and fermentation parameters, inoculating EM (effective microorganisms) zymocyte, and performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation and air drying to obtain a main material, vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio: vermiculite: the perlite is 3-4: 0.6 to 0.7: 0.3 to 0.4, then adding 10 to 15g of paclobutrazol and 1.5 to 2kg of 0.4 to 0.5mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution into each cubic mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring.
A preparation method of solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
adjusting fermentation parameters of main materials: properly air-drying the removed material of the cow bedding, adding 0.8-1.0 kg of urea, 1.0-1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.8-1 kg of EM stock solution and 4-5 kg of 0.2-0.3 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution into each cube, fully and uniformly mixing, and adjusting the carbon/nitrogen ratio to be 25-30: 1, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the water content is 60-65%;
step (2) stacking fermentation: piling the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a trapezoidal strip stack with the lower bottom width of 1.2-1.5 m, the upper surface width of 0.8-1.0 m and the height of 0.6-0.8 m, and covering a film; turning the piles for the first time after 4 days, and then turning the piles for 20 to 25 days every 5 to 7 days to perform aerobic fermentation to prepare the solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate main material;
preparing a solanaceous vegetable seedling culture medium: mixing the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate main material obtained in the step (2) with vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio: vermiculite: the perlite is 3-4: 0.6-0.7: 0.3 to 0.4, then adding 10 to 15g of paclobutrazol and 1.5 to 2kg of 0.4 to 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution into each cubic mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring.
The cow bedding removing material is obtained by defecation on a special bedding of padding and treading for 40-45 d.
The special padding is prepared by mixing 40% of crushed and kneaded camphor wood, 30% of sycamore, poplar, ginkgo, Chinese ash, Chinese scholartree, walnut, glossy privet, cinnamomum camphora, southern magnolia, garden cypress, cedar, macaroni, phoenix tree and other crushed and kneaded mixed branches, 15% of tea seed powder and 15% of carbonized rice husk, performing aerobic fermentation for 48-72 h, and performing full softening, insect killing, sterilization and dehydration. The padding is soft and comfortable, has good air permeability and strong water absorption, can efficiently kill and inhibit ova and harmful flora in cow dung, can effectively adsorb harmful gas in the cow dung and repel pests, and reduces harmful substances in the cow dung.
The paclobutrazol is wettable powder with 15% of triazole active ingredient content, can be quickly absorbed and utilized by organs such as roots, stems, leaves and the like of plants, can regulate and control the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plants, promotes the differentiation and reproductive growth process of flower buds, dwarfs the plants, and controls vigorous growth and developed root systems.
The EM stock solution is provided by Nanjing Aijiele environmental protection biotechnology Limited. It is a novel compound microbial agent, which comprises more than 80 microorganisms of 10 genera of 5 families, such as photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria group, yeast bacteria group, actinomycete group, filamentous bacteria group, and the like. Beneficial bacteria in the padding can be removed, the fermentation time is shortened, and the fermentation effect is improved.
The N content of the urea is 46 percent, and the calcium superphosphate contains P2O5The content was 16%. The dilute sulfuric acid solution is obtained by diluting 98% concentrated sulfuric acid.
Compared with the existing solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the matrix has good water retention and air permeability, is rich in organic matters and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, has moderate pH value, and is suitable for the growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings.
2. The matrix is used for raising seedlings, the root system is developed and does not grow excessively, seedlings are robust, damping-off and root rot are obviously reduced, and aphids are reduced.
3. The virus disease of the seedlings planted in the field is reduced, and the yield is improved by 14 to 19 percent.
In conclusion, the solanaceous fruit seedling culture substrate is prepared by compounding padding used by dairy cows, camphor in the padding for repelling pests, bacteriostatic and insecticidal tea seed powder, paclobutrazol for promoting flower growth, promoting root growth and controlling excessive growth and other characteristics, is used for solanaceous fruit vegetable seedling culture, can effectively control plant diseases and insect pests, culture healthy seedlings and improve yield.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1 Collection, treatment and Effect evaluation of the Main Material of solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate
The solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate is mainly prepared from Jiangning dairy farms which adopt mattress bed type cultivation. The manufacturing method of the cow bed padding comprises the following steps: mixing 40% of crushed and kneaded camphor wood, 30% of sycamore, poplar, ginkgo, Chinese ash, Chinese scholartree, walnut, glossy privet, camphor, southern magnolia, juniper, cedar, sea tree, phoenix tree and the like, 15% of tea seed powder and 15% of carbonized rice hull, performing aerobic fermentation for 48-72 h, fully softening, killing ova, sterilizing and dehydrating.
After a dairy cow steps on a bedding material with the thickness of 10cm for 45 days, when liquid is leached from the bedding material, the bedding material containing cow dung is removed, proper air drying is carried out, 0.8kg of urea, 1kg of calcium superphosphate, 1kg of EM stock solution and 4kg of 0.3mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution are added into each cube, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed, and the carbon/nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-30: 1, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the water content is 60-65%; stacking into a trapezoidal strip pile with the lower bottom width of 1.2-1.5 m, the upper surface width of 0.8-1.0 m and the height of 0.6-0.8 m, and covering with a film. Turning the piles for the first time after 4 days, then turning the piles for every 5-7 days, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30-35 days, and air-drying the piles to obtain the solanaceous seedling substrate main material, wherein the physical and chemical properties of the solanaceous seedling substrate main material are shown in Table 1.
Taking common pure cow dung as a reference, and before fermentation, according to the volume ratio of cow dung to sawdust of 2: 1, adding 0.8kg of urea, 1kg of calcium superphosphate, 1kg of EM stock solution and 4kg of 0.3mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution into each cubic meter, fully and uniformly mixing, and adjusting the carbon/nitrogen ratio to be 25-30: 1, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the water content is 60-65%;
stacking into a trapezoidal strip pile with the lower bottom width of 1.2-1.5 m, the upper surface width of 0.8-1.0 m and the height of 0.6-0.8 m, and covering with a film. Turning the piles for the first time after 4 days, then turning the piles for every 5 to 7 days, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 to 35 days, and air-drying the piles, wherein the physical and chemical properties are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 physicochemical properties of different cow dung after fermentation treatment
The results in Table 1 show that compared with common cow dung, the cow dung containing N, P, K has total nutrient of 42-58 g/kg, 11-16 g/kg higher organic matter content, neutral pH value and excellent physical property.
Example 2 solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate compounding and application effects
The cow dung obtained in the embodiment 1 is used as a main material, vermiculite and perlite are used as auxiliary materials, the cow dung is combined according to different proportions (volume ratios), different amounts of paclobutrazol and 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution are added into each cube, the physical and chemical properties of the matrix are adjusted, 4 formulas are set as shown in a table 2, solanaceous vegetable seedling raising matrix developed by Nanjing City vegetable research institute is used as a reference, 5 treatments are totally set, and the physical and chemical properties of the matrix of each formula are shown in a table 3. And selecting Su pepper No. 5 for seedling raising effect comparison, and tracking field diseases and yield, wherein the results are shown in tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 2 Compound treatment setting of solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate (prepared according to 1 cube)
TABLE 3 physicochemical Properties of different compounded media
TABLE 4 influence of different compounded media on the pepper seedling properties
Note: strong seedling index (stem thickness/height + amount of underground dry matter/amount of above-ground dry matter) x amount of whole plant dry matter
TABLE 5 treatment of Pepper Virus disease incidence and yield
From the physicochemical properties of the matrix shown in Table 3, the matrix is light, has moderate proportion of total pores to macropores, is rich in organic matters and nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, has moderate pH value and EC value, and is suitable for raising seedlings of solanaceous vegetables.
From the growth indexes of pepper seedlings shown in Table 4, the difference of each index between treatments 1 and 4 is not obvious, but compared with a control, the substrate is added with paclobutrazol, the hypocotyl of the seedling is obviously shortened, the stem thickness is increased, the seedling strengthening index is improved, and the seedling is robust; the substrate contains a small amount of tea saponin and camphor, so that germs and aphids are effectively inhibited, damping-off and root rot in seedling stage are reduced, and aphids are reduced.
From the results of Table 5, the yield of pepper and the incidence of virus diseases reaches 2308Kg/667m in 1-4 treatment rooms2～2402Kg/667m2The incidence of the virus disease is 3.2-4.2%, the difference is not obvious, but compared with the contrast, the incidence of the virus disease is obviously reduced, and the acre yield is improved by 14-19%.
Claims (3)
1. The solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising a main material, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the main material, the vermiculite and the perlite are mixed according to a volume ratio of 3-4: 0.6-0.7: 0.3-0.4 to obtain a mixture, adding 10-15 g of paclobutrazol and 1.5-2 kg of 0.4-0.5 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution into each cubic mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain the paclobutrazol-beta-cyclodextrin clathrate compound;
the main materials are discharged by a cow mattress bed, and the carbon/nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-30: 1, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, the water content is 60% -65%, and the strain is obtained by inoculating EM zymocyte, performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation and air drying; the parameters of the moving material of the cow mattress are adjusted by adding urea, calcium superphosphate and sulfuric acid solution;
the dairy cow bedding is prepared by mixing 40% of camphor wood crushed and kneaded into shreds, 30% of mixed branches crushed and kneaded into shreds, 15% of tea seed powder and 15% of carbonized rice hulls, performing aerobic fermentation for 48-72 hours, and performing sufficient softening, insecticidal ovum killing, sterilization and dehydration; the cow bedding transfer material is obtained by the dairy cow defecating on the cow bedding and treading for 40-45 d.
2. The method for making a solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting fermentation parameters of main materials: properly air-drying the moving and discharging material of the cow bedding, adding 0.8 kg-1.0 kg of urea, 1.0 kg-1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.8 kg-1 kg of EM stock solution and 4 kg-5 kg of 0.2 mol/L-0.3 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution into each cubic meter, fully and uniformly mixing, and adjusting the carbon/nitrogen ratio to be 25-30: 1, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the water content is 60-65%; step (2) stacking fermentation: stacking the mixture obtained in the step (1), covering a film, and fermenting; turning the piles for the first time after 4 days, and then turning the piles for 20 to 25 days every 5 to 7 days to perform aerobic fermentation to prepare the solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate main material; preparing a solanaceous vegetable seedling culture medium: mixing the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate main material obtained in the step (2) with vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio: vermiculite: the perlite is 3-4: 0.6-0.7: 0.3 to 0.4, then adding 10 to 15g of paclobutrazol and 1.5 to 2kg of 0.4 to 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution into each cubic mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring.
3. The method for making a solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate according to claim 2, wherein the stacking specification in the step (2) is as follows: stacking into a trapezoidal strip pile with the bottom width of 1.2-1.5 m, the top width of 0.8-1.0 m and the height of 0.6-0.8 m.
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| PCT/CN2017/114763 WO2018218914A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2017-12-06 | Seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables and producing method therefor |
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| CN107188674B (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-11-06 | 河海大学 | Solanaceous vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108395328A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-14 | 河海大学 | A kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, its production method and its application |
| CN110050664A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-26 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | A kind of special seedling substrate of Chinese yam and its preparation method and application |
| CN111727845A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-10-02 | 东营职业学院 | Method for preparing vegetable seedling raising matrix and bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow padding |
| CN112794751A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-14 | 四川大学青岛研究院 | Method for preparing seedling culture substrate by utilizing waste celery leaves and chicken manure |
| CN113557915A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-29 | 贵州丰萃农业发展有限公司 | Chili seedling culture method, seedling culture medium and preparation method |
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|---|---|
| WO2018218914A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
| CN107188674A (en) | 2017-09-22 |
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