WO2018218914A1

WO2018218914A1 - Seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables and producing method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2018218914A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/114763
Authority: WO
Inventors: 毛欣宇; 许明; 杨立武; 王绪奎; 缪其松; 张聪; 邵孝候
Original assignee: 河海大学
Priority date: 2017-06-01
Filing date: 2017-12-06
Publication date: 2018-12-06
Also published as: CN107188674A; CN107188674B

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables and a producing method therefor. The seedling substrate comprises a mixture obtained by mixing a main material, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 3-4 : 0.6-0.7 : 0.3-0.4, and is obtained by adding 10 g to 15 g of paclobutrazol and 1.5 kg to 2 kg of 0.4 mol/L to 0.5 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution per cubic meter of mixture, and fully mixing same until uniform. Said main material is obtained by adjusting a cow bedding removed material to a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 25-30:1, a pH value of 6.5-7.0, and a water content of 60%-65%, then introducing EM fermentation bacteria, stacking, covering a film, and performing high temperature aerobic fermentation and air drying. By using the substrate to grow seedlings, the root systems are well developed and will not grow wildly, the seedlings are strong, damping-off and root rot are significantly reduced, and the damage caused by aphids are reduced; virus diseases during the seedling being planted in the field are reduced, and the yield is increased by 14% to 19%.

Description

Solanum fruit vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a tomato seedling vegetable seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Solanum vegetables include eggplant, tomato, and pepper, which are characterized by a relatively long growth cycle, and one third of them spend time in the nursery bed. The quality of the solanaceous vegetable seedlings directly affects its yield, so seedlings are very important throughout the growth period. With the rapid development of the vegetable industry and the promotion of factory seedling technology, the light substrate seedling seedling technology is widely used, and a variety of substrates are born. The commonly used matrix is to mix organic materials and inorganic materials in proportion to adjust physical and chemical properties. After the traits, it is made into various vegetable seedling substrates. Among them, the organic materials are mainly industrial and agricultural organic wastes, including crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, Chinese medicine slag, tea residue, biogas residue, mushroom residue, wine residue, sputum and so on. Inorganic materials mainly include vermiculite, perlite and the like. The application of the substrate solves the resource utilization and environmental pollution of industrial and agricultural wastes on the one hand, and provides a suitable root growth environment for the growth of vegetable seedlings on the other hand, solves the nutritional problems of seedling growth, and cultivates strong seedlings. The basis of the code. However, in the seedling stage, how to control the seedlings through the substrate and control the seedling pests and diseases, especially the growth of the eggplants in the autumn, the aphids and the aphids-induced viruses are not involved.

Nowadays, the demand for beef and milk is increasing, and new requirements are put forward for quality. Under such demand, the cattle industry has developed rapidly, and the farming method has also evolved from the past free-range to large-scale ecological farming. The inventor of the present invention has found that the application of high-quality compound feed under ecological farming conditions and the application of various environmentally-friendly and low-cost compound litter materials has improved the quality of the feed of the Niulan pad bed, and the effect of fertilizer and substrate utilization is obvious. .

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a seedling substrate for the solanaceous vegetables, which is mainly composed of organic materials and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and has moderate acidity and alkalinity. It is used for cultivating solanaceous vegetable seedlings to achieve robust seedlings and reduce pests and diseases.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a seedling substrate for solanaceous vegetables, which is prepared by removing the material from the cow bed, adjusting the fermentation parameters, accessing the EM fermentation bacteria, and drying the air after high temperature aerobic fermentation, according to the ratio. It is mixed with vermiculite, perlite and other auxiliary materials, and then mixed with paclobutrazol and dilute sulfuric acid solution to form a seedling substrate. The process is simple and easy to scale production.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The solanaceous seedling substrate is removed from the cow bed, adding urea, superphosphate, 0.2mol/L to 0.3mol/L sulfuric acid solution, adjusting nutrient and fermentation parameters, accessing EM fermentation bacteria, and undergoing high temperature aerobic fermentation. The main material obtained after air drying is mixed with vermiculite and perlite by volume ratio: main stone: vermiculite: perlite, 3 to 4:0.6 to 0.7:0.3 to 0.4, and then polypyrazole 10g to 15g is added per cubic meter. , 0.4kg ~ 2kg of dilute sulfuric acid solution of 0.4mol / L ~ 0.5mol / L, fully mix well.

A method for preparing a tomato seed vegetable seedling substrate comprises the following steps:

Step (1) Fermentation parameter adjustment of main ingredient: The material of the cow bed is appropriately air-dried, adding 0.8 kg to 1.0 kg of urea per cube, 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg of superphosphate, and 0.8 kg to 1 kg of EM stock solution, 0.2 mol/ L ~ 0.3mol / L of dilute sulfur 4kg ~ 5kg acid solution, fully mixed, adjust its carbon / nitrogen ratio of 25 ~ 30: 1, pH 6.5 ~ 7.0, water content of 60% ~ 65%;

Step (2) Pile fermentation: The mixture obtained in the step (1) is piled into a trapezoidal strip with a width of 1.2 m to 1.5 m and a width of 0.8 m to 1.0 m and a height of 0.6 m to 0.8 m. After 4 days, the pile was first turned over, and then every 5d to 7d, the aerobic fermentation was carried out for 20d to 25d, and the main ingredient of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate was obtained.

Step (3) Preparation of Solanaceous Vegetable Seedling Substrate: The main ingredient of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate obtained in step (2) is composed of vermiculite and perlite by volume ratio of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate main ingredient: vermiculite: perlite Mixing is carried out at 3 to 4:0.6 to 0.7:0.3 to 0.4, and then, as a mixture of 10 to 15 g of paclobutrazol and 1.5 kg to 2 kg of a sulfuric acid solution of 0.4 mol/L to 0.5 mol/L, the mixture is thoroughly mixed.

The cow bed removal material is obtained by defecation on a pad of special padding and stepping on 40d to 45d.

The special litter is made up of 40% broken silk citron, 30% sycamore, poplar, ginkgo, maple, glutinous rice, walnut, privet, camphor, guanglan, cypress, cedar, sea tong Indica and other broken silk mixed with branches, 15% tea seed powder, 15% carbonized rice husk mixed, aerobic fermentation for 48h ~ 72h, fully softened, insecticidal eggs, sterilization, dehydration. The pad is soft and comfortable, has good air permeability and strong water absorption, can effectively kill and inhibit eggs and harmful bacteria in cow feces, and can effectively absorb harmful gases in the feces and repel pests, making the feces harmful. Reduced material.

The paclobutrazol is a wettable powder having a triazole active ingredient content of 15%, can be rapidly absorbed and utilized by roots, stems, leaves and other organs of plants, can regulate plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth balance, and promote flower bud differentiation and reproductive growth. Process, dwarf plants, control and prosperous, developed root system.

The EM stock solution is provided by Nanjing Aile Environmental Biotechnology Co., Ltd. It is a new type of compound microbial agent, which consists of more than 80 kinds of microorganisms in 5 families, 10 genera, such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria group, yeast group, actinomycetes and filamentous flora. It can increase the beneficial bacteria in the litter, shorten the fermentation time and improve the fermentation effect.

The urea contained 46% of N and the superphosphate contained 16% of P ₂ O ₅ . The dilute sulfuric acid solution is obtained by diluting 98% concentrated sulfuric acid.

The invention has the following characteristics compared with the existing solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate:

1. The substrate has good water-holding and aeration properties, rich in organic matter, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and moderate in acidity and alkalinity, and is suitable for seedling growth of solanaceous vegetables.

2. Using the substrate to raise seedlings, the root system is developed not long, the seedlings are strong, the rot disease and root rot are obviously alleviated, and the mites are reduced.

3, the seedlings planted in the field virus disease reduced, the yield increased by 14% to 19%.

In summary, the present invention utilizes the litter used by the dairy cows, and the repellent of the pests in the litter, the antibacterial and insecticidal action of the tea seed powder, the flowering of the paclobutrazol, and the promotion of the roots. It is formulated into a seedling substrate for the treatment of solanaceous vegetables, which can effectively control pests and diseases, cultivate robust seedlings and increase yield.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments given.

Example 1: Collection, treatment and effect evaluation of the main ingredient of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate

The main ingredient of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate comes from the Jiangning dairy farm, which adopts a bed type culture. The method for making the beef mattress material is: 40% broken silk scented scent, 30% sycamore, poplar, ginkgo, maple yang, national carp, walnut, privet, The mixed stalks of fragrant scorpion, sylvestris, cypress, cedar, sea paulownia, paulownia, etc., 15% tea seed powder, 15% carbonized rice husk mixed with aerobic fermentation for 48h-72h, fully softened, insecticidal eggs, sterilization Dehydration.

When the cows are trampled on a mat of 10 cm thick for 45 days, when there is liquid leaching on the mat, the litter containing cow dung is removed and air-dried appropriately. 0.8 kg of urea and 1 kg of superphosphate are added per cubic centimeter. 1kg of EM stock solution, 4kg of 0.3mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution, fully mixed, adjust the carbon/nitrogen ratio to 25～30:1, pH value 6.5～7.0, water content 60%～65%; A trapezoidal strip having a width of 1.2 m to 1.5 m and a width of 0.8 m to 1.0 m and a height of 0.6 m to 0.8 m is applied to cover the film. After 4d, the pile was turned over for the first time, and then every 5d to 7d, the aerobic fermentation was carried out for 30d to 35d, and it was air-dried to obtain the main material of the solanaceous seedling substrate. The physical and chemical properties are shown in Table 1.

Using ordinary pure cow dung as a control, before the fermentation, the volume ratio of cow dung to wood chips is 2:1, then 0.8 kg of urea, 1 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of EM stock solution, and 4 kg of dilute sulfuric acid solution of 0.3 mol/L. , fully mixed evenly, the adjustment has a carbon / nitrogen ratio of 25 ~ 30: 1, pH value of 6.5 ~ 7.0, water content of 60% ~ 65%;

The trapezoidal strips having a width of 1.2 m to 1.5 m and a width of 0.8 m to 1.0 m and a height of 0.6 m to 0.8 m are stacked to cover the film. After 4d, the pile was turned over for the first time, and then every 5d to 7d, the aerobic fermentation was carried out for 30d to 35d, and it was air-dried. The physical and chemical properties are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of different cow manure after fermentation treatment

The results in Table 1 show that after the cow manure is decomposed, the total nutrient content of N, P and K is 42g/kg～58g/kg, which is 11g/kg～16g/kg, and the organic matter content is higher than that of common cow manure. High, pH is close to neutral, and physical properties are excellent.

Example 2: Compounding and Application Effect of Solanaceous Vegetable Seedling Substrate

The cow dung obtained in Example 1 is used as the main material, and the vermiculite and perlite are used as auxiliary materials. After combining in different proportions (volume ratio), different amounts of paclobutrazol and 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution are added per cubic to adjust the physical and chemical properties of the substrate. For the traits, four formulas were set as shown in Table 2. The seedling substrate of the solanaceous vegetables developed by the Nanjing Vegetable Research Institute was used as a control. A total of five treatments were set up, and the physical and chemical properties of the formulations were as shown in Table 3. Sujia No. 5 was selected for comparison of seedling effects, and field diseases and yield tracking were carried out. The results are shown in Table 4 and Table 5.

Table 2 Preparation of the seedlings of the solanaceous vegetable seedlings (in 1 cubic formula)

Table 3 Physical and chemical properties of different compound substrates

Table 4 Effect of different compounding substrates on the seedling traits of pepper

Note: Strong seedling index = (stem rough / plant height + underground dry matter quality / above ground dry matter quality) × dry matter quality of whole plants

Table 5 The incidence and yield of different diseases of pepper virus

From the physical and chemical properties of the matrix of Table 3, the matrix is light, the ratio of total pores to macropores is moderate, rich in organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, pH and EC value are moderate, suitable for seedling vegetable cultivation.

From the growth index of pepper seedlings in Table 4, the indicators of 1-4 treatment were not significantly different, but compared with the control, paclobutrazol was added to the matrix, the hypocotyls of the seedlings were significantly shortened, the stem diameter increased, the seedling index increased, and the seedlings were increased. It is robust; the matrix contains a small amount of tea saponin and citron, which effectively inhibits the pathogens and repels the mites, reduces the disease at the seedling stage, reduces the root rot, and reduces the damage of the mites.

From Table 5, the yield of pepper and the incidence of viral diseases, the yield of 1 to 4 treatments reached 2308Kg/667m ² ~ 2402Kg/667m ² , and the incidence of viral diseases was 3.2% to 4.2%. The difference was not obvious, but compared with the control, the virus The incidence of disease has dropped significantly, and the yield per mu has increased by 14% to 19%.

Claims

The solanaceous seedling substrate is characterized in that it comprises a main material, vermiculite and perlite, and the mixture of the three is a mixture of 3 to 4:0.6 to 0.7:0.3 to 0.4 by volume, and 10 g of paclobutraz is added per cubic meter of mixture. 15g, 0.4mol ~ 2 ~ 0.5mol / L of dilute sulfuric acid solution 1.5kg ~ 2kg, fully mixed and obtained;

The main material is removed from the cow bed, the carbon/nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25-30:1, the pH is 6.5-7.0, the water content is 60%-65%, and the high temperature aerobic fermentation of the EM fermentation bacteria is connected. , obtained after drying.
The solanaceous seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the cow bed is removed and adjusted by adding urea, superphosphate or sulfuric acid solution.
The solanaceous seedling substrate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cow bed material is composed of 40% broken silk shreds, 30% broken silk mixed branches, 15% tea seed powder, 15% carbonized rice husk mixed, aerobic fermentation 48h ~ 72h, fully softened, insecticidal eggs, sterilized, dehydrated; the cow bed removal material is obtained after the cows are defecate on the cow bed and stepped on for 40d ~ 45d.
The method for producing a tomato seed vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

Step (1) Fermentation parameter adjustment of main ingredient: The material of the cow bed is appropriately air-dried, adding 0.8 kg to 1.0 kg of urea per cube, 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg of superphosphate, and 0.8 kg to 1 kg of EM stock solution, 0.2 mol/ L ~ 0.3mol / L of dilute sulfuric acid solution 4kg ~ 5kg, fully mixed evenly, adjust its carbon / nitrogen ratio of 25 ~ 30: 1, pH 6.5 ~ 7.0, water content of 60% ~ 65%;

Step (2) Pile fermentation: the mixture obtained in the step (1) is stacked, covered with a film, and fermented; after 4 days, the pile is turned over for the first time, and then every 5d to 7d is piled up for aerobic fermentation for 20d to 25d. The main ingredient of the seedling substrate of the solanaceous vegetable;

Step (3) Preparation of Solanaceous Vegetable Seedling Substrate: The main ingredient of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate obtained in step (2) is composed of vermiculite and perlite by volume ratio of the solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate main ingredient: vermiculite: perlite Mixing is carried out at 3 to 4:0.6 to 0.7:0.3 to 0.4, and then, as a mixture of 10 to 15 g of paclobutrazol and 1.5 kg to 2 kg of a sulfuric acid solution of 0.4 mol/L to 0.5 mol/L, the mixture is thoroughly mixed.
The method for producing a solanaceous vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the stacking specification in the step (2) is: stacking the bottom width 1.2 m to 1.5 m, the top width 0.8 m to 1.0 m, and the height 0.6. A trapezoidal strip of m to 0.8 m.