CN108395328A - A kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, its production method and its application - Google Patents

A kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, its production method and its application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108395328A
CN108395328A CN201810374555.0A CN201810374555A CN108395328A CN 108395328 A CN108395328 A CN 108395328A CN 201810374555 A CN201810374555 A CN 201810374555A CN 108395328 A CN108395328 A CN 108395328A
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granule
rich water
algae
educates
major ingredient
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毛欣宇
邵孝侯
陈名樑
史佳枫
战意和
秦恒基
杨立武
朱福新
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Hohai University HHU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water to educate algae granule, its production method and its application, and the granule is by following weight ratio mixing major ingredient and dispensing：Major ingredient 65%~75%, urea 2.0%~3.0%, calcium magnesium phosphate 13.0%~15.0%, potassium silicate 3.0%~5.0%, zeolite 6.5%~11.5%, spirulina 0.4%, multi-vitamins 0.1%.Major ingredient is to remove material by air-dried, fermentation, pulverization process milk cow equalizing bed.Preparation method is：Major ingredient and dispensing are mixed in proportion, are then granulated, are dried, granule is made.It can be used as base manure and top dressing, single-dose application can solve the problems such as subalimentation is with unbalance, probiotics and microelement deficiencies in water simultaneously, and fertilizer efficiency is fast and lasting, and the algal growns such as waterweed are good, crab survival rate, output increased, quality improving.

Description

A kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, its production method and its application
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural breeding classes, and in particular to crab cultivation pool rich water is educated algae granule production method and its answered With.
Background technology
Crab can preferably nourish the body, and taste rich in the nutrients such as protein, vitamin, niacin and calcium, phosphorus, iron Dodge is beautiful, can be rated as rare delicacies in food, increasingly has been favored by people, and the crab of yellow full meat thickness is even more that supply falls short of demand in the market.I Know, good crab needs good water colour, and good water colour needs that there are one good algae phase, this good algae phases By rich water nutrition, therefore rich water is most important.With the rapid development of crab cultivation industry, occur many rich water productions in the market Product, such as：Organic fertilizer (including chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, rotten weeds, green manure, rapeseed cake, bean dregs, rice bran etc.), rich water synergist (including humic acid, amino acid, trace element, biological enzyme, inorganic salts etc.), bio-bacterial manure, algal grown activin etc..Pass through production The combined use of product has relatively good rich water effect, complex but there are application technologies, aquaculture cost also higher disadvantage End.Such as：After above-mentioned organic fertilizer application, a large amount of oxygen in consumption water is needed during playing fertilizer efficiency, and composition transfer is big, behaviour Author is often not easy to grasp exact dosage on amount of application, once using improper, severe depletion of oxygen and water environment can be caused dirty Dye；Amino acid Fertilizer water paste, the bio-bacterial manure of the bacterium containing EM, the rich water such as algal grown activin containing a large amount of amino acid and trace element It is quick, but fertilizer efficiency period is short, need to frequently replace and apply, control technology is complicated, and aquaculture cost is substantially increased, and most products nitrogen Enough and phosphorus, potassium are insufficient, it is unbalance to easily cause nutritive proportion, cause clear water, fall algae, turn algae and water pollution.How rich water skill is simplified Art, balance algae phase, improve water quality, it is that there is an urgent need in the art to solve the problems, such as to reduce aquaculture cost.
Invention content
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water to educate algae Granula removes material as major ingredient using milk cow equalizing bed, after fermented processing, increases inorganic N, P, K and adjust its organic and inorganic battalion The ratio of supporting, while adding rich water and educating Ca, Mg, Si, trace element, vitamin and the absorption that water environment can be adjusted needed for algae Binder needed for agent, granulation and fertilizer slow-release formulation, granulation are made.
Inventor has found that a large amount of equalizing bed of scale equalizing bed ecology cowboying output removes material, the master in bedding and padding under study for action It is the wooden Xie to want composition, in the breeding process, in order to extend the equalizing bed time, reduces the pernicious bacteria and pernicious gas in excrement, meeting EM bacterium are sprayed in the middle and later periods, the equalizing bed time is 50d~55d.By trampling for a long time, when bedding and padding remove, organic matter is In half decomposing state, harmful bacteria and harmful worm's ovum are controlled in ox bed, containing rich after short-term secondary fermentation processing Rich amino acid, fulvic acid, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, Filamentous flora are A kind of rich water material of inexpensive, high fertilizer efficiency, if suitably increasing inorganic N, P, K adjusts its organic and inorganic nutritive proportion, increasing Add rich water educate Ca, Mg needed for algae, Si, trace element, vitamin and can adjust water environment some adsorbents be granulated after Granule is made, is directly used in the rich water during cultivating crab and educates algae, greatly simplify cultural technique, reduces aquaculture cost, and It can continue to provide balanced nutrition, maintain algae to balance each other, improve water quality, cultivate high-quality crab.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the production methods that a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, easily In operation, convenient for promoting.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide the method for administration that a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae particle.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, present invention employs technical solutions below：
A kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, including major ingredient, urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium silicate, spirulina, Multi-vitamins, zeolite, weight ratio are：Major ingredient 65%~75%, urea 2.0%~3.0%, calcium magnesium phosphate 13.0%~ 15.0%, potassium silicate 3.0%~5.0%, zeolite 6.5%~11.5%, spirulina 0.4%, multi-vitamins 0.1%；
Major ingredient is to remove material by air-dried, fermentation, pulverization process milk cow equalizing bed.
The milk cow equalizing bed removes material, is by the 40% broken cinnamomum camphora for rubbing silk, 30% plane tree, willow, ginkgo, maple Poplar, Chinese scholar tree, walnut, glossy privet, cinnamomum camphora, wide yulan, garden cypress, deodar, pittosporum tobira, Chinese parasol tree etc. are broken to rub silk mixing branch, 15% tea seed Powder, 15% carbonization rice husk, the mixing of EM activity bacterium solutions, aerobic fermentation 48h~72h are padded after abundant softening, killing egg, sterilizing, dehydration Enter milk cow bed, the pernicious gas, pest, worm's ovum, pernicious bacteria in early period excrement are by Tea Saponin and cinnamomum camphora intrinsic in bedding and padding Oil come adsorb, repellent, killing and inhibition, the middle and later periods is controlled by spraying diluted EM stostes, by up to 50d~55d's Step on and spoil, organic matter be in half decomposing state, harmful bacteria and harmful worm's ovum ox bed in controlled, carbon/nitrogen ratio be 28~ 35：1, pH value be 7.2~7.8, water content be 75%~85%, containing abundant organic matter, amino acid, fulvic acid, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, Filamentous flora.
The EM stostes are provided by the Jiangsu bio tech ltd Yi Mu.It is a kind of Novel compound microbial agent, Belong to more than 80 kind microorganisms by 5 sections 10 such as photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, actinomycete group, Filamentous floras to collectively constitute. It is used in equalizing bed, pernicious gas can be adsorbed, inhibit harmful bacteria, and can largely be bred using cow dung as carrier.Remove pad Fermentation time can be shortened after bed in secondary fermentation, improve ferment effect, after granule is made, applies in water, can improve foster Grow the survival rate of object, harmful substance in degradation water improves water quality, promotes growth.
The urea is white particles, is dissolved in water, and for neutral nitrogenous fertilizer, leaded wastewater is 44%~46%.It is bought from market.
The calcium magnesium phosphate of crossing is taupe brown powder, and not soluble in water, fertilizer is in alkalinity, phosphorous (P2O5) 14%~18%, also Containing calcium oxide (25%~30%), magnesia and silica, these ingredients can also be absorbed and utilized by algae.It is bought from market.
The potassium silicate is white powder shape, and fineness is 100 mesh, can be dissolved in water, (the K containing potassium2O) 31%~35%, it is siliceous (SiO2) 48%~54%, it is rich in Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, there is higher adhesive property, while improving water quality, promotees algae growth.From Market is bought.
The zeolite powder obtains for natural zeolite crushing, and fineness is 100 mesh, siliceous (SiO2) 50%~55%, it is rich in Ca、Mg、K、Na、AI2O3、Fe2O3Deng, have good absorption property and cation exchange property, can control nutrient release speed Degree adsorbs heavy metal, improves water quality, promotees algae growth.It is bought from market.
The spirulina powder fineness is 100 mesh, rich in protein, amino acid, fat, vitamin, chlorophyll, algocyan mine Substance, trace element and multiple active enzymes promote algae growth, improve water quality, improve crab quality.It is bought from market.
The multi-vitamins can promote algae growth, improve crab quality.It is bought from market.
The production method that a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, includes the following steps：
(1) milk cow equalizing bed removes material processing：It is 60%~65% to be air-dried after milk cow equalizing bed material is removed to water content, builds heap Aerobic fermentation is carried out, it is 10%~12% to be air-dried again later to water content, and crushed 0.4cm~0.6cm sieves, and obtained rich water is educated The major ingredient of algae granule.
Fermentation process is：Milk cow equalizing bed is removed into material heap into lower bottom width 1.2m~1.5m, upper top width 0.8m~1.0m, height The trapezoidal long pile of 0.6m~0.8m covers film；Turning for the first time after 4d, it is primary every 5d~7d turnings later, fermentation 15d~ 20d。
(2) rich water educates the compounding of algae fertilizer：The rich water that step (1) obtains is educated to the major ingredient and urea, calcium and magnesium of algae granule Phosphate fertilizer, potassium silicate, spirulina, multi-vitamins, zeolite are by weight major ingredient 65%~75%, urea 2.0%~3.0%, calcium Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 13.0%~15.0%, potassium silicate 3.0%~5.0%, zeolite 6.5%~11.5%, spirulina 0.4%, compound dimension Raw element 0.1% prepares rear spare.
(3) rich water educates the granulation of algae granule：The mixture that step (2) obtains is put into blender and is stirred, is allowed to abundant Mixing.It is put into Squeezinggranulator later, is granulated, dries, granule physicochemical character obtained under 50MPa~60MPa pressure It is shown in Table 1.
1 rich water of table educates algae granule physicochemical character
In addition amino acid, fulvic acid, vitamin, chlorophyll, algocyan, minerals, trace element and a variety of work are also rich in Property enzyme.
The method of administration that above-mentioned crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae particle is：As base manure, most suitable amount of application is 80kg/ mus ~100kg/ mus, uniformly the pool is spread fertilizer over the fields entirely, is used as top dressing, is imposed once every 30d, and each dose is 40kg/ mus~50kg/ Mu, uniformly the pool is spread fertilizer over the fields entirely, top dressing 3 times~4 times, and after June, temperature increases, and stops top dressing.
The present invention has the characteristics that compared with traditional rich water technology：
1, single-dose application can solve subalimentation in water simultaneously, lack probiotics, nutrient imbalance, microelement deficiencies Etc. multiple challenges, the rich water technology of crab cultivation is enormously simplified；
2, fertilizer efficiency is fast and lasting, and sustainable 30d~35d, water quality substantially improves, and dissolved oxygen amount (DO) increase by 8.0%~ 10.8%, pH are slightly improved, and COD (COD) declines 22.0%~23.7%, TN and declines 22.5%~25.0%, NH4 +- N declines 12.5%~31.3%, TP and declines 28.6%~42.8%, and chlorophyll a declines 11.1%~13.5%.
3, waterweed plant height, total branch number increase, and increment increases, and rich water cost declines 33.3%~43.8%；Crab Survival rate improves 8.0%~10.0%；Quality improving, fat improve 13.8%~17.2%, protein improve 12.6%~ 15.4%, calcium content raising 14.5%~16.9%, iron content raising 7.7%~8.9%, output increased 11.9%~ 15.6%, 980 yuan~1220 yuan of mu synergy.
In conclusion nutriment and probiotics keeping water purification characteristic that the present invention utilizes milk cow equalizing bed removal material abundant, SiO2Efficient caking property and adsorptivity and rush algae growth characteristics, the efficient nutrient controlled release of zeolite and heavy metal adsorption and rush algae life Long characteristic and spirulina and the abundant rush algae growth activity substance of multi-vitamins, compounding are made crab pond rich water and educate algae Granule is used for crab cultivation, can be that crab creates a good growing environment, simplify cultivation rich water technology, save cultivation Cost keeps crab survival rate high, quality improving, increasing both production and income.
Specific implementation mode
Detailed description carried out to technical scheme of the present invention with reference to embodiment, but the present invention be not limited to it is given Embodiment.
Embodiment 1, rich water educate the formulation optimization of algae granule
One, raw material
1, the collection and processing of granule major ingredient：Cattle pen equalizing bed, which is collected, in Nanjing Jiangning brass hill cattle farm removes material, it should Remove material main ingredient be the 40% broken cinnamomum camphora for rubbing silk, 30% plane tree, willow, ginkgo, Chinese ash, Chinese scholar tree, walnut, glossy privet, Cinnamomum camphora, wide yulan, garden cypress, deodar, pittosporum tobira, Chinese parasol tree etc. are broken to rub silk mixing branch, 15% tea seed powder, 15% carbonization rice husk, EM The mixing of active bacterium solution, aerobic fermentation 48h~72h are encased inside milk cow bed after abundant softening, killing egg, sterilizing, dehydration, early period excrement In pernicious gas, pest, worm's ovum, pernicious bacteria by Tea Saponin intrinsic in bedding and padding and cinnamomum camphora oil come adsorb, repellent, killing And inhibition, middle and later periods are controlled by spraying diluted EM stostes, by being spoilt up to stepping on for 50d~55d, organic matter has been in half Decomposing state, harmful bacteria and harmful worm's ovum are controlled in ox bed, and carbon/nitrogen ratio is 28~35：1, pH value is 7.2~7.8, Water content is 75%~85%, contains abundant organic matter, amino acid, fulvic acid, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria Group, yeast flora, actinomycete group, Filamentous flora.(about cattle pen equalizing bed material, inventor has applied for Chinese patent, application number 2017102277065, the applying date 20170410).
Equalizing bed is removed after material is withdrawn and is air-dried immediately, adjusts water content to 60%~65%, build up lower bottom width 1.2m~ The trapezoidal long pile of 1.5m, upper top width 0.8m~1.0m, high 0.6m~0.8m, covering film carry out aerobic fermentation, after 4d for the first time Turning, primary every 6d turnings later, ferment 18d, throws off film, and it is 10%~12% to air-dry to water content, crushed 0.4cm ~0.6cm sieves are spare.
2, the preparation of auxiliary material
The urea for being 44%~46% from market purchasing leaded wastewater；Phosphorous (P2O5) 14%~18%, also contain calcium oxide The calcium magnesium phosphate of (25%~30%) magnesia and silica；Containing potassium (K2O) 31%~35%, siliceous (SiO2) 48%~54%, Rich in Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, fineness is the potassium silicate of 100 mesh；Siliceous (SiO2) 50%~55%, be rich in Ca, Mg, K, Na, AI2O3、 Fe2O3Fineness is the natural zeolite powder of 100 mesh；Rich in protein, amino acid, fat, vitamin, chlorophyll, algocyan mineral Matter, trace element and multiple active enzymes, fineness are the spirulina powder of 100 mesh；Multi-vitamins.
Two, granule compounding and granulation
Ready major ingredient and auxiliary material are prepared into mixing in the ratio (weight ratio) of table 2, mixture is put into blender It stirs, is put into later in Squeezinggranulator and is granulated, dries under 50MPa~60MPa pressure, respectively particle obtained Agent I, granule II, granule III.
2 Granular formulations of table (are compounded) by 1000kg
Three, Field Screening
1, experiment pond prepares
It is 1 mu that in Gaochun, the transformation of existing 4 mu of ponds is built up area by Gu Cheng, and ridge width is 2.5m, and pond depth is 1.2m, slope ratio It is 1:4, the pond of 3, bed mud 12cm~14cm, number is pond 1 respectively, pond 2, pond 3, pond 4, in 5 days 2 months with life Lime carries out pond disinfection.
2, test method：Experiment 4 processing groups of setting
Processing group 1：It is uniformly sprinkled into granule I in No. 1 pond and is used as base manure, 100kg/ mus of dosage, not top dressing in 30d；
Processing group 2：It is uniformly sprinkled into granule II in No. 2 ponds and is used as base manure, 100kg/ mus of dosage, not top dressing in 30d；
Processing group 3：It is uniformly sprinkled into granule III in No. 3 ponds and is used as base manure, 100kg/ mus of dosage, not top dressing in 30d；
Processing group 4：(stoste presses 1 to 100kg rotted pig manures with 1kgEM stostes per acre in No. 4 ponds:It is sprayed after 5 dilution proportions In rotted pig manure) mix thoroughly, per acre 3kg urea, per acre 1kg amino acid Fertilizer water paste (by Shandong Henkel bioengineering Co., Ltd give birth to Production, containing a variety of amino acid, inorganic nitrogen, fulvic acid, active potassium, carbon source, trace element, synergist) make base manure, the above two uniformly spread It applies, the latter is watered dissolving Hou Fa and pours.Amino acid Fertilizer water paste of top dressing after 10d is chased after 2 times within 30d, is used per acre every time altogether Measure 1kg.
After applying base manure by above-mentioned processing group after disinfection 10d, upper water 10cm or so planted waterweed in 15 days 2 months, plants Kind method：By the amount of 30kg per acre, waterweed is cut into 10cm or so segments, 5 segments are a branch of, are inserted into mud, depth 3cm Left and right.30d is measured analysis to the growing state and water quality situation of waterweed after cultivation, the results are shown in Table 3.
3 different fertilization group of table is grown to waterweed and the influence of water quality
Table 3 the result shows that：The pH for cultivating raw water is 7.48, TN 1.15mg/L, NH4 +- N is 0.40mg/L, and TP is 0.09mg/L, DO 4.52mg/L, COD 18.5mg/L, chlorophyll a 24.2mg/L belong to slightly-polluted water.Algae is educated through fertilising After 30d, DO, pH are improved, COD, TN, NH4 +- N, TP, Chlorophyll-a Content decline, and water quality reaches cultivation water quality standard.From waterweed Growth take temperature, three kinds of granules and contrast ratio, the plant height of waterweed increase by 18%~25%, and total branch number increases by 1.38~1.53 Times, increment is substantially better than control；In terms of water quality situation, three kinds of granules and contrast ratio, dissolved oxygen amount (DO) increase by 8%~ 10.8%, pH are slightly improved, and COD (COD) declines 22%~23.7%, TN and declines 22.5%~25%, NH4 +Under-N It drops 12.5%~31.3%, TP and declines 28.6%~42.8%, chlorophyll a declines 11.1%~13.5%, and water quality is substantially better than Control；And three kinds of granule water colour are yellowish green, transparency 30cm~32cm is less than control (40cm), and the work of water quality fertilizer is tender refreshing, fertilizer efficiency Up to one month as long as；But the difference of indices is little between three kinds of granules.Therefore, rich water educates algae granule with major ingredient 65%~75%, urea 2.0%~3.0%, calcium magnesium phosphate 13%~15%, potassium silicate 3%~5%, zeolite 6.5%~ 11.5%, spirulina 0.4%, the compounding of multi-vitamins 0.1% are advisable.
Embodiment 2, rich water educate algae granule dosage, fertilizing method and effect assessment
1, experiment pond prepares
It is 4 mu that in Gaochun, the transformation of existing about 20 mu of pond is built up area by Gu Cheng, and ridge width is 2.5m, and pond depth is 1.2m, Slope ratio is 1:5, the pond of 3, bed mud 12cm~14cm, it is pond 5 to number respectively, pond 6, pond 7, pond 8, pond 9, Fence is carried out with thickening plastic film on the inside of the ridge of pond side, film is earthed interior 0.1m, and intake-outlet installed mesh sheet, in 2 days 2 months Pond disinfection is carried out with quick lime.
2, test method：Experiment 5 processing groups of setting
Processing group 5：It is uniformly sprinkled into granule II in No. 5 ponds and is used as base manure, 60kg/ mus of dosage, every 30d top dressings one It is secondary, each dosage 30kg/ mus, stop top dressing after June；
Processing group 6：It is uniformly sprinkled into granule II in No. 6 ponds and is used as base manure, 80kg/ mus of dosage, every 30d top dressings one It is secondary, each dosage 40kg/ mus, stop top dressing after June；
Processing group 7：It is uniformly sprinkled into granule II in No. 7 ponds and is used as base manure, 100kg/ mus of dosage, every 30d top dressings Once, each dosage 50kg/ mus, stop top dressing after June；
Processing group 8：It is uniformly sprinkled into granule II in No. 8 ponds and is used as base manure, 120kg/ mus of dosage, every 30d top dressings Once, each dosage 60kg/ mus, stop top dressing after June；
Processing group 9 (CK)：(stoste presses 1 to 100kg rotted pig manures with 1kgEM stostes per acre in No. 9 ponds:5 dilution proportions After be sprayed on rotted pig manure) mix thoroughly, per acre 3kg urea, 1kg amino acid Fertilizer water paste is (by the limited public affairs of Shandong Henkel bioengineering per acre Department's production, containing a variety of amino acid, inorganic nitrogen, fulvic acid, active potassium, carbon source, trace element, synergist) make base manure, the above two are Even to spread fertilizer over the fields, the latter is watered dissolving Hou Fa and pours.Be mixed with the rotted pig manure of EM bacterium solutions, urea chases after once every 30d, chase after per acre every time 50kg, amino acid Fertilizer water paste is primary every 10d top dressings, chases after 1kg per acre every time, stops top dressing after June.
After 10 days 2 months are applied base manure by above-mentioned processing group, upper water 10cm or so plants waterweed, method for planting：It presses Waterweed is cut into 10cm or so segments by the amount of 30kg per acre, and 5 segments are a branch of, are inserted into mud, and depth is 3cm or so.After cultivation Its 30d, puts juvenile crab, puts juvenile crab density, and the Eriocheir japonica sinensis seedling (130/kg~150/kg) of big specification puts 800 in a suitable place to breed, respectively Processing Zu Tou Si are consistent with daily management.April 30 formed advantage group when waterweed, accounted for the water surface 50% or so, was given birth to waterweed Long situation and water quality situation are measured analysis.October 2 listed, and measures the survival rate, yield, quality of crab, the results are shown in Table 4, table 5.It determines the most suitable dosage of granule and fertilizing method, its effect is evaluated.
4 different fertilization group of table is grown to waterweed and the influence of water quality
Table 4 the result shows that：In terms of the growing state of waterweed, with the increase of dose, the plant height of waterweed, branch amount Increase, when supreme dose level (8 processing group), the plant height of waterweed, branch amount are reduced；(5 processing when low dose level Group), the plant height and branch amount of waterweed are less than control, the plant height of horizontal (6 processing groups, the 7 processing groups) waterweed of medium dose And branch amount highest, hence it is evident that higher than control.From the point of view of water quality, the water quality of different disposal group reaches cultivation water quality standard.Using special All indicators are better than controls for sharp product, wherein it is optimal with the water quality of 6 processing groups, 7 processing groups, increase with contrast ratio dissolved oxygen amount (DO) Add 9.7%~10.0%, COD (COD) declines 21.1%~23.1%, TN and declines 23.1%~25.6%, NH4 +-N Decline 23.3%, TP and decline 25%~37.5%, chlorophyll a declines 13.7%~12.4%, and water quality is substantially better than control, optimization Range is substantially consistent with the range in embodiment 1.In terms of water clarity, low dose is horizontal, water clarity 45cm, from next time The also poor nearly 10d of top dressing, that is to say, that low dose level is in same interval top dressing, it may appear that de- fertilizer, other processing groups Between water clarity 25cm~30cm, fertilizer will not be taken off substantially, and fertilizer efficiency period is up to 30d.
Influence of the 5 different fertilization group of table to Eriocheir japonica sinensis quality and benefit
Table 5 the result shows that, in terms of crab quality, with the increase of dose, the fat of Eriocheir japonica sinensis, protein, calcium, The content of iron gradually increases, until relatively high when 6 processing groups and 7 processing group, improve 13.8%~17.2% than control respectively, 12.6%~15.4%, 14.5%~16.9%, 7.7%~8.9%, it is further added by dose, indices all reduce, are less than Control.
In terms of the survival rate of crab, low, middle dose (5 processing groups, 6 processing groups, 7 processing groups) crab survival rate is higher, Reach 68%~70%, improves 8%~10% than control, supreme dose (8 processing group), crab survival rate declines, only 55%, less than control.In terms of crab cultivation benefit, with the increase of dose, crab yield increases, until 6 processing groups, 7 processing Group is relatively high, than control volume increase 11.9%~15.6%, is further added by dose (8 processing group) yield and declines instead, less than control； In this experiment, 6 processing groups, 7 processing group rich water cost accounting, 160 yuan/mu~190 yuan/mu (wherein：80kg/ mus of base manure~ 100kg/ mus, 120kg/ mus~150kg/ mus of top dressing, 120 yuan/mu~150 yuan of fertilizer cost/mu, apply fertilizer totally four need artificial 40 Member/mu), 9 processing group (control) rich water costs be 285 yuan/mu (wherein:100kg/ mus of+1kg of base manure, 150kg/ mus of top dressing+ 11kg ,+25 yuan of 100 yuan/mu of fertilizer cost, artificial 160 yuan/mu of 16 need of fertilizer application frequency), rich water cost decline 33.3%~ 43.8%；6 processing groups, the 7 processing group output values reach 8055 yuan/mu~8325 yuan/mu, the 9 processing group output values reach 7200 yuan/mu, After deducting rich water cost, 6 processing groups, 7 processing groups than control synergy 980 yuan/mu~1220 yuan/mu.
In conclusion it is 80kg/ mus~100kg/ mus that rich water, which educates the most suitable amount of application of algae granule base manure, imposed every 30d Once, each dose is 40kg/ mus~50kg/ mus, top dressing 3 times~4 times, and after June, temperature increases, and stops top dressing.In this way Fertilizer application mode grown conducive to waterweed, water quality improved, and Eriocheir japonica sinensis survival rate improves, quality improving, increasing both production and income.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, including it is major ingredient, urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium silicate, spirulina, multiple Vitamin, zeolite are closed, weight ratio is：Major ingredient 65%~75%, urea 2.0%~3.0%, calcium magnesium phosphate 13.0%~15.0%, silicic acid Potassium 3.0%~5.0%, zeolite 6.5%~11.50%, spirulina 0.4%, multi-vitamins 0.1%；Major ingredient be through air-drying, fermentation, The milk cow equalizing bed of pulverization process removes material.
2. crab cultivation pool rich water described in claim 1 educates algae granule, it is characterised in that the milk cow equalizing bed removes Material, be by 40% it is broken rub the cinnamomum camphora of silk, the broken of 30% other trees rubs silk mixing branch, 15% tea seed powder, 15% carbonization rice husk, Aerobic fermentation 48h~72h after the mixing of EM activity bacterium solutions is encased inside milk cow bed, passes through after abundant softening, killing egg, sterilizing, dehydration The stepping on of 50d~55d removes after spoiling and obtains.
3. the production method that a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water described in claim 1 educates algae granule, includes the following steps：
（1）Milk cow equalizing bed removes material processing：It is 60%~65% that milk cow equalizing bed, which is removed material and air-dried to water content, and it is aerobic to build heap progress Fermentation, it is 10%~12% to be air-dried again later to water content, and crushed 0.4cm~0.6cm sieves, and obtained rich water educates algae granule Major ingredient；
（2）Rich water educates the compounding of algae fertilizer：By step（1）Obtained rich water educate the major ingredient of algae granule and urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, Potassium silicate, spirulina, multi-vitamins, zeolite are by weight major ingredient 65%~75%, urea 2.0%~3.0%, calcium magnesium phosphate 13.0%~15.0%, after potassium silicate 3.0%~5.0%, zeolite 6.5%~11.5%, spirulina 0.4%, multi-vitamins 0.1% prepare It is spare；
（3）Rich water educates the granulation of algae granule：By step（2）Obtained mixture, which is put into blender, to be stirred, and is allowed to mix well;
(4) it is put into Squeezinggranulator after, is granulated, dries, granule obtained under the MPa pressure of 50MPa~60.
4. the production method that a kind of crab cultivation pool rich water described in claim 3 educates algae granule, step（1）In fermentation Method is：Milk cow equalizing bed is removed into material heap into lower bottom width 1.2m~1.5m, upper 0.8 m of top width~1.0m, high 0.6m~0.8m Trapezoidal long pile covers film；Turning for the first time after 4d, primary every 5d~7d turnings later, ferment 15d~20d.
5. the method for administration that crab cultivation pool rich water described in claim 1 educates algae particle is：As base manure, amount of application 80 Kg/ mus~100kg/ mus, uniformly the full pool spread fertilizer over the fields, be used as top dressing, imposed once every 30d, each dose for 40 kg/ mus~ 50kg/ mus, uniformly the pool is spread fertilizer over the fields entirely, top dressing 3 times~4 times, after temperature increases, stops top dressing.
CN201810374555.0A 2018-04-24 2018-04-24 A kind of crab cultivation pool rich water educates algae granule, its production method and its application Pending CN108395328A (en)

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