CN103503696B - Method for culturing straw mushrooms with integrate corncob raw materials as substrate - Google Patents
Method for culturing straw mushrooms with integrate corncob raw materials as substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN103503696B CN103503696B CN201310486073.1A CN201310486073A CN103503696B CN 103503696 B CN103503696 B CN 103503696B CN 201310486073 A CN201310486073 A CN 201310486073A CN 103503696 B CN103503696 B CN 103503696B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing straw mushrooms with integrate corncob raw materials as substrate, and belongs to the field of straw mushroom cultivation. The method for culturing the straw mushrooms with the integrate corncob raw materials as the substrate aims to solve the technical problem that existing straw mushrooms cultivated by fermented materials are long in growth cycle. According to the method, the dry non-mildewed integrate corncobs are exposed to blazing sun for a long time, and are soaked in lime water until the corncobs have no white cores, and at the same time, sundried cow dung is smashed, watered, stacked and fermented to obtain fermented cow dung; rest-balks are built in a cultivation greenhouse, a rest-balk bed is irrigated and drenched, a layer of integrate corncobs processed through the lime water are paved in the rest-balk bed firstly, a layer of fermented cow dung is scattered, then a layer of straw mushroom kernel secondary bacterial species are scattered, a layer of integrate corncobs processed through the lime water are paved, then a layer of mixed materials are arranged, then pyrethroid pesticide is sprayed after a layer of straw mushroom kernel secondary bacterial species are scattered again, mulching films are arranged, seeding is completed, and harvesting is carried out after spawn running management and fruiting management. The mixed materials are formed by mixing 98% of the fermented cow dung and 2% of bran. The production cycle of the method for the culturing straw mushrooms with the integrate corncob raw materials as the substrate is only 20-25 days.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Volvaria volvacea cultivation field; The method that to be specifically related to whole excellent corncob raw material be substrate culture straw mushroom.
Background technology
Straw mushroom meat fertilizer is tender, delicious flavour, nutritious, being high temperature modification edible mushroom, is gather in the crops the fastest one in all edible mushrooms, and it only needs 10 ~ 14 days from being seeded into gather, and cultivation cost is low, produces effects fast.
The cultivation of straw mushroom fermentation material is that the fermentation material that cries composts or fertilisers of cultivating being inoculated after fermentation reactor system process cultivation is cultivated.Current Volvaria volvacea cultivation majority is the straw of use through fermenting, cotton seed hull, waste cotton wadding are raw material.The principle of fermentation is that the heat that in utilization material, growth of aerobic microorganisms discharges improves stockpile temperature, and high temperature can kill the miscellaneous bacteria in expecting and worm's ovum, effectively can alleviate disease worm and cause harm.Fermentation is degraded and emollescence to also playing of composts or fertilisers of cultivating.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled when building heap should be no less than 250kg, otherwise heap temperature is difficult to be raised to more than 60 DEG C.First be exposed to the sun 2 days by dry raw material before fermentation, first turn even by various composts or fertilisers of cultivating by formula is dry during fermentation, soluble substance is as first water-soluble in lime, then evenly admixes in composts or fertilisers of cultivating.The Compost moisture content mixed controls 55 ~ 60%.Stockpile bottom width 1.2m ~ 1.5m, high 1.0m ~ 1.2m when building heap, longly determine according to place.On stockpile, a ventilation hole is pricked from top to bottom every 50cm after heap is good.Keep 24hr turning when stockpile temperature is raised to more than 60 DEG C, 2 ~ 3 turn over and once pile every other day later, turn over 3 ~ 4 heaps altogether, fermentation time 14 ~ 16d.
Integrated operation process needs 16 ~ 18d, and fermentation material cultivating straw mushroom biological transformation ratio can reach 20 ~ 30%.The production cycle of straw mushroom is long, and fermenting to fruiting from culturing raw material needs 25 ~ 35 days, and needs turning during Compost fermentation 3 ~ 4 times, wastes time and energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the long technical problem of existing fermentation material cultivating straw mushroom growth cycle; And the method that to provide with whole excellent corncob raw material be substrate culture straw mushroom.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the method being substrate culture straw mushroom with whole excellent corncob raw material of the present invention completes by following operation: be exposed to the sun 2 ~ 3 days by the dry whole excellent corncob without going mouldy, then corncob is dipped to without till white core with lime water, add water after the cow dung of drying being pulverized heap fermentation simultaneously, obtains cow dung of fermenting; Furrow are played in cultivation canopy, ridge-up bed is poured water drenched, first spread the whole excellent corncob of one deck after lime water process in ridge-up bed, spread one deck fermentation cow dung, then spread one deck straw mushroom wheat second class inoculum, the whole excellent corncob of paving one deck after lime water process, cover one deck compound again, then spray pyrethrin pesticide, lid mulch film after evenly spreading one deck straw mushroom wheat second class inoculum, complete sowing, then gather after hair tube reason, management of producing mushroom; Wherein said compound is mixed by 98% fermentation cow dung and 2% wheat bran by weight percentage.
The weight percent concentration of described lime water is 40% ~ 50%.
The consumption of described water makes cow dung water content reach 50% ~ 60%(weight).
Pile temperature in heap fermentation process to reach after more than 65 DEG C and maintain 24 hours, then up and down, inside and outside turning, continue fermentation, so carrying out 3 ~ 4 times to material is pitchy.
Hair tube is managed: after planting keep dark in cultivation canopy, cultivation temperature of shed controls 25 ~ 35 DEG C, ensures that in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, Compost moisture content remains on 65% ~ 70%, relative air humidity should control 85% ~ 90%, and mycelia is covered with furrow face and raises mulch film, and next day removes mulch film;
Management of producing mushroom: enter the management of producing mushroom stage when Mycelia of Straw Mushroom, Volvariel volvacea is twisted together, keep cultivation canopy temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, relative air humidity controls 90% ~ 95%, opens cultivation canopy noon every day and ventilates 15 ~ 20 minutes, scattered light illumination.
Treat that the Pagoda-shaped that the base portion of straw mushroom is wider, top is slightly sharp becomes avette, mushroom body is full smooth, and hand is pinched and slightly felt deliquescing, and from depth to shallow, coating does not break color, gathers when cap, stem do not stretch out.
Corncob is northern crops organic waste rich and easy to get, also has a large amount of discarded cow dungs urgently to utilize, the present invention with whole excellent corncob raw material and fermentation cow dung cultivated in north straw mushroom, be equipped with corresponding culture technique, gather from material processed to the first damp mushroom and need 20 ~ 25 days, whole excellent corncob uses limewash to soak, and does not need turning, less manpower, whole excellent corncob cultivation in raw material straw mushroom biological transformation ratio is used to reach 20% ~ 30%, suitable with fermentation material; Utilize whole excellent corncob without the direct cultivating straw mushroom of fermentation process, widen Culture raw materials of straw mushrrom, reduce cultivation cost, production cycle shortening, only 20 ~ 25 days production cycle, can at northern com main producing region development Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that embodiment one sows cultivation 10 days straw mushroom growing state figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the method being substrate culture straw mushroom with whole excellent corncob raw material in present embodiment completes by following operation:
The dry whole excellent corncob without going mouldy is exposed to the sun 2 ~ 3 days, then be that 50% lime water is dipped to corncob without till white core by weight percent concentration, add water after the cow dung of drying being pulverized makes cow dung water content reach 50% ~ 60% simultaneously, heap fermentation, heap temperature reaches after 65 DEG C more than and maintains 24 hours, then up and down, inside and outside turning, continues to ferment, so carrying out 3 ~ 4 times to material is pitchy, obtains cow dung of fermenting;
Furrow are played by bottom width 80cm and high 20cm and furrow spacing 70cm in cultivation canopy, ridge-up bed is poured water drenched, the whole excellent corncob of one deck after lime water process is first spread in ridge-up bed, spread one deck fermentation cow dung, spread one deck straw mushroom V35 wheat second class inoculum again, spread the whole excellent corncob of one deck after lime water process again, be paved into the turtleback shape furrow face of high 15 ~ 20cm, cover one deck compound again, described compound is mixed by 98% fermentation cow dung and 2% wheat bran by weight percentage, more evenly spreads one deck straw mushroom V35 wheat second class inoculum (1 bottle/m
2(500mL)) spray pyrethrin pesticide afterwards, lid mulch film, completes sowing, then gathers after hair tube reason, management of producing mushroom.
Hair tube is managed: after planting keep dark in cultivation canopy, cultivation temperature of shed controls 25 ~ 35 DEG C, ensure that in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, Compost moisture content remains on 65% ~ 70%, relative air humidity should control 85% ~ 90%, mycelia is covered with furrow face and raises mulch film, and next day removes mulch film, and Compost moisture content is can to corrugation irrigation or water spray not;
Management of producing mushroom: enter the management of producing mushroom stage when Mycelia of Straw Mushroom, Volvariel volvacea is twisted together, keep cultivation canopy temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, relative air humidity controls 90% ~ 95%, open cultivation canopy noon every day to ventilate 15 ~ 20 minutes, scattered light illumination, if when in canopy, air humidity is not enough, 2%(weight can be sprayed) limewash, do not water to furrow face, can pour water in furrow ditch and ground moistening, composts or fertilisers of cultivating are absorbed water, the nutrient required for growing for straw mushroom sporophore growth;
Treat that the base portion of straw mushroom is wider, the Pagoda-shaped of top slightly point becomes avette, mushroom body is full smooth, and hand is pinched and slightly felt deliquescing, and from depth to shallow, coating does not break color, gathers when cap, stem do not stretch out, general after planting 10 ~ 12 days of gathering.
Described wheat second class inoculum preparation method: the wheat berry choosing full seed, removes impurity, and soak 10 ~ 12 hours with cold water, water is changed 1 ~ 2 time in centre.Then pull out, ripe with poach.Pull wheat cold water out to rinse well, after control solid carbon dioxide divides, can bottle.Bottling dress half bottle, tampon beyond the Great Wall, then sterilizing, inoculation.During cultivation, when mycelia grows to 1/3 of material in bottle, shaking flask be carried out, mycelia in bottle is fully mixed with wheat material.After shaking flask, about 7 days time can cover with use.
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom without sterilization treatment of heating directly carry out inoculate cultivation be cultivation in raw material.Cultivation in raw material is due to without high temperature treatment, and operation is simple, saving of work and time, and in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, decompose of nutrient loss is few, if control measures are proper, output is higher.Present embodiment with whole excellent corncob raw material and fermentation cow dung cultivated in north straw mushroom, be equipped with corresponding culture technique, gather from material processed to the first damp mushroom and need 20 ~ 25 days, whole excellent corncob uses limewash to soak, do not need turning, less manpower, uses whole excellent corncob cultivation in raw material straw mushroom biological transformation ratio to reach 20% ~ 30%, suitable with fermentation material; Utilize whole excellent corncob without the direct cultivating straw mushroom of fermentation process, widen Culture raw materials of straw mushrrom, reduce cultivation cost, production cycle shortening, only 20 ~ 25 days production cycle.
Present embodiment from sowing cultivation 10 days straw mushroom growing states as shown in Figure 1, as shown in Figure 1, the growing way of straw mushroom is good, the Pagoda-shaped that the base portion of most of straw mushroom is wider, top is slightly sharp becomes avette, and mushroom body is full smooth, and hand is pinched and slightly felt deliquescing, color from depth to shallow, coating does not break, and cap, stem do not stretch out, and reach harvesting standard.
Claims (7)
1. with the method that whole excellent corncob raw material are substrate culture straw mushroom, the method that to it is characterized in that with whole excellent corncob raw material be substrate culture straw mushroom completes by following operation: be exposed to the sun 2 ~ 3 days by the dry whole excellent corncob without going mouldy, then corncob is dipped to without till white core with lime water, add water after the cow dung of drying being pulverized heap fermentation simultaneously, obtains cow dung of fermenting; Furrow are played in cultivation canopy, ridge-up bed is poured water drenched, first spread the whole excellent corncob of one deck after lime water process in ridge-up bed, spread one deck fermentation cow dung, then spread one deck straw mushroom wheat second class inoculum, the whole excellent corncob of paving one deck after lime water process, cover one deck compound again, then spray pyrethrin pesticide, lid mulch film after evenly spreading one deck straw mushroom wheat second class inoculum, complete sowing, then gather after hair tube reason, management of producing mushroom; Wherein said compound is mixed by 98% fermentation cow dung and 2% wheat bran by weight percentage.
2., according to claim 1 with the method that whole excellent corncob raw material are substrate culture straw mushroom, it is characterized in that the weight percent concentration of described lime water is 40% ~ 50%.
3. according to claim 1 with the method that whole excellent corncob raw material are substrate culture straw mushroom, it is characterized in that the consumption of described water makes cow dung water content reach 50% ~ 60%(weight).
4. according to claim 1 with the method that whole excellent corncob raw material are substrate culture straw mushroom, it is characterized in that maintaining 24 hours after piling temperature in heap fermentation process reaches more than 65 DEG C, then up and down, inside and outside turning, continue fermentation, so carrying out 3 ~ 4 times to material is pitchy.
5. according to claim 1 with the method that whole excellent corncob raw material are substrate culture straw mushroom, it is characterized in that hair tube is managed: after planting keep dark in cultivation canopy, cultivation temperature of shed controls 25 ~ 35 DEG C, ensure that in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, Compost moisture content remains on 65% ~ 70%, relative air humidity should control 85% ~ 90%, and mycelia is covered with furrow face and raises mulch film, and next day removes mulch film.
6. according to claim 1 with the method that whole excellent corncob raw material are substrate culture straw mushroom, it is characterized in that management of producing mushroom: keep cultivation canopy temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, relative air humidity controls 90% ~ 95%, opens cultivation canopy noon every day and ventilates 15 ~ 20 minutes, scattered light illumination.
7. according to claim 1 with the method that whole excellent corncob raw material are substrate culture straw mushroom, it is characterized in that the Pagoda-shaped that the base portion treating straw mushroom is wider, top is slightly sharp becomes avette, mushroom body is full smooth, hand is pinched and is slightly felt deliquescing, color from depth to shallow, coating does not break, and gathers when cap, stem do not stretch out.
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| CN105660184A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 柳州市宣荣农业有限公司 | Cultivation method for volvariella volvacea |
| CN106045702B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2019-05-28 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | A kind of straw mushroom production kind culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN106631278B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2020-12-08 | 上海荣美农业科技有限公司 | Full-control industrialized production method of straw mushrooms and culture medium thereof |
| CN109534884A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2019-03-29 | 刘万洪 | A kind of cow dung method for innocent treatment |
| CN108812058B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-10-09 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for culturing straw mushrooms |
| CN110249909A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-20 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | In a kind of canopy room straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping method |
| CN112586274A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-02 | 商丘市农林科学院 | Method for continuously cultivating straw mushroom and agaricus bisporus by using corncobs |
| CN114027088A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-11 | 成都市农林科学院 | Stropharia rugoso-annulata cultivation medium, preparation method thereof and method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata |
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| CN101575238A (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-11 | 时忠良 | Preparation method of straw mushroom culture material |
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| CN101575238A (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-11 | 时忠良 | Preparation method of straw mushroom culture material |
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| 整玉米芯林地草菇栽培技术;牛贞福 等;《北方园艺》;20120630(第11期);182-183 * |
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