CN106258576A - A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, fermentation process and application thereof - Google Patents
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, fermentation process and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106258576A CN106258576A CN201610595140.7A CN201610595140A CN106258576A CN 106258576 A CN106258576 A CN 106258576A CN 201610595140 A CN201610595140 A CN 201610595140A CN 106258576 A CN106258576 A CN 106258576A
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- mushroom slag
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 800 1200 parts, 6 10 parts of zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose 46 parts, 58 parts of carbamide；Mushroom cinder ladle includes at least one in Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag or Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.Relative to prior art, the present invention have studied Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and the fermentation technique of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, by cultivated cucumber and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, filter out the optimal fermentating formula being suitable for four kinds of mushroom slag fermentations, the peat composed of rotten mosses can be substituted for vegetable and the nursery of flowers and cultivation after mushroom slag after fermentation and other cultivation medium mixture, economizing on resources, improving environment, twice laid, the cost of reduction crop soilless culture, increase edible fungi and growing vegetables person's income aspect, there is far reaching significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivation matrix technical field, be specifically related to a kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, fermentation process and application thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of mushroom industry in recent years, the annual edible fungi place of production has substantial amounts of waste material of edible mushroom to produce, Henan
It is the big province of Edible Fungi, has the edible fungi such as substantial amounts of Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, needle mushroom slag, Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag and mushroom residue every year
Garbage need scientific disposal utilize.If dealing with improperly, not only causing the wasting of resources, and harm can be brought to environment, causing
Spreading of pest and disease damage.
The peat composed of rotten mosses is the most commonly used substrate of range in the soilless cultures such as vegetable, flowers, nursery stock, but owing to the peat composed of rotten mosses is not
Renewable resource, storage capacity is limited, and a large amount of exploitations cause the destruction of ecological environment, re-uses agriculture waste by various techniques
Thing produces organic substrate and has universal meaning.Research for agricultural organic waste recycling is more at present, compares before having
Scape mainly have cocoanut fiber, reed, mushroom slag, composting bark, saw dust, rice husk etc..
Researcher has carried out substantial amounts of research to waste material of edible mushroom production mushroom slag for cultivating substrate both at home and abroad, by research mushroom slag
Fermentation technique and and other substrate mixture form the physicochemical character of composite interstitial substance, effect in arable farming, give up for mushroom slag
The recycling of gurry provides theoretical and criteria in application.
Summary of the invention
Deal with improperly if the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is a large amount of mushroom slag, not only cause the wasting of resources, and can give
Environment brings harm, causes spreading of pest and disease damage, and the most conventional soilless culture substrate peat composed of rotten mosses is non-renewable resources, storage capacity
Limited, a large amount of exploitations cause the destruction of ecological environment, and for solving the problems referred to above, the present invention provides a kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, sends out
Fermenting process and application thereof.
It is an object of the invention to realize in the following manner:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 800-1200 part, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 6-
10 parts, sucrose 4-6 part, carbamide 5-8 part.
Described mushroom cinder ladle includes at least one in Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag or Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
Described mushroom cinder ladle includes Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
The weight ratio of described Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag is (0.95-1.05):
(0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05).
The weight ratio of described Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag is 1:1:1:1.
The fermentation process of many mushroom slag fermentations substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 50-60%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles
Uniformly, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 58-65 DEG C and persistently after 10-15h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, after turning, again pile fermentation heap, 3-
Within 7 days, turn over a heap, turning 4-6 time, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
In described step (1), after good for fermentation heap heap, air-vent is set inside fermentation heap.
After good for fermentation heap heap, beat downwards 1-2 row air-vent with wooden stick at fermentation heap plan vertical, horizontal at the middle part of both sides
To making a call to 1 row air-vent obliquely.
A width of 1.2-1.5 rice of the fermentation heap in described step (1), a height of 0.8-1.2 rice.
The application in vegetable growing of many mushroom slag fermentations substrate.
Relative to prior art, the present invention have studied Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag
Fermentation technique, by cultivated cucumber and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, has filtered out the optimal fermentating formula being suitable for four kinds of mushroom slag fermentations, the mushroom after fermentation
The peat composed of rotten mosses can be substituted after slag and other cultivation medium mixture for vegetable and the nursery of flowers and cultivation, economizing on resources, improving
Environment, twice laid, the cost of reduction crop soilless culture, increase edible fungi and growing vegetables person's income aspect, have far-reaching
Meaning.
Detailed description of the invention
Zymocyte Testa Tritici goods: manufacturer: Qing Fazhong industry company limited of Henan Province, the raw material comprised is Testa Tritici, nigecose
And enzymatic microorganism；Enzymatic microorganism is mainly composited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, fungus, sends out for 1 kilogram
Yeast-like fungi Testa Tritici goods living bacteria count is more than 50,000,000,000.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 800-1200 part, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 6-
10 parts, sucrose 4-6 part, carbamide 5-8 part.
Described mushroom cinder ladle includes at least one in Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag or Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
Described mushroom cinder ladle includes Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
The weight ratio of described Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag is (0.95-1.05):
(0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05).
The weight ratio of described Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag is 1:1:1:1.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 50-60%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles
Uniformly, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 58-65 DEG C and persistently after 10-15h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, after turning, again pile fermentation heap, 3-
Within 7 days, turn over a heap, turning 4-6 time, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
In step (1), after good for fermentation heap heap, air-vent is set inside fermentation heap.
After good for fermentation heap heap, beat downwards 1-2 row air-vent with wooden stick at fermentation heap plan vertical, horizontal at the middle part of both sides
To making a call to 1 row air-vent obliquely.
A width of 1.2-1.5 rice of the fermentation heap in step (1), a height of 0.8-1.2 rice, length does not limits.
The application in vegetable growing of many mushroom slag fermentations substrate.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 800kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 6 kg, sugarcane
Sugar 4 kg, carbamide 5 kg.
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 50%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 58 DEG C and persistently after 10h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 4 days, turn over one
Secondary heap, turning 5 times, fermentation time is 20 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
In step (1), after good for fermentation heap heap, air-vent is set inside fermentation heap.
After good for fermentation heap heap, make a call to downwards 1 row air-vent with wooden stick at fermentation heap plan vertical, horizontal at the middle part of both sides
Make a call to 1 row air-vent obliquely.
A width of 1.2 meters of fermentation heap in step (1), a height of 0.8 meter.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 850kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 6.5 kg,
Sucrose 4.2 kg, carbamide 5.3 kg.
Mushroom slag is mushroom residue.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 51%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 59 DEG C and persistently after 11h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 3 days, turn over one
Secondary heap, turning 7 times, fermentation time is 21 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
In step (1), after good for fermentation heap heap, air-vent is set inside fermentation heap.
After good for fermentation heap heap, make a call to downwards 2 row air-vents with wooden stick at fermentation heap plan vertical, horizontal at the middle part of both sides
Make a call to 1 row air-vent obliquely.
A width of 1.3 meters of fermentation heap in step (1), a height of 0.9 meter.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 900kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 7 kg, sugarcane
Sugar 4.4 kg, carbamide 5.6kg.
Mushroom slag is needle mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 52%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 60 DEG C and persistently after 12h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 4 days, turn over one
Secondary heap, turning 6 times, fermentation time is 24 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
A width of 1.4 meters of fermentation heap in step (1), a height of 1.0 meters.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 950kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 7.5 kg,
Sucrose 4.6 kg, carbamide 6kg.
Mushroom slag is Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 53%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 61 DEG C and persistently after 13h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 4.5 days, turn over
Heap, turning 6 times, fermentation time is 27 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
A width of 1.5 meters of fermentation heap in step (1), a height of 1.1 meters.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 1000kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 8 kg,
Sucrose 4.8 kg, carbamide 6.3kg.
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag and mushroom residue.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 54%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 62 DEG C and persistently after 14h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 5 days, turn over one
Secondary heap, turning 5 times, fermentation time is 25 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
A width of 1.5 meters of fermentation heap in step (1), a height of 1.2 meters.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 7:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 1050kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 8.5
Kg, sucrose 5 kg, carbamide 6.6kg.
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 55%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 63 DEG C and persistently after 15h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 5.5 days, turn over
Heap, turning 4 times, fermentation time is 22 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 8:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 1100kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 9 kg,
Sucrose 5.2 kg, carbamide 7kg.
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 56%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 64 DEG C and persistently after 14.5h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 6 days, turn over
Heap, turning 5 times, fermentation time is 30 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 9:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 1150kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 9.5
Kg, sucrose 5.4 kg, carbamide 7.3kg.
Mushroom slag is mushroom residue and needle mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 57%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 65 DEG C and persistently after 13.5h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, after turning, again pile fermentation heap, 6.5 days
Turning over a heap, turning 6 times, fermentation time is 39 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 10:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 1200kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 10 kg,
Sucrose 5.6 kg, carbamide 7.6kg.
Mushroom slag is mushroom residue and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 58%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 64 DEG C and persistently after 12.5h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 7 days, turn over
Heap, turning 4 times, fermentation time is 28 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 11:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 880kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 9.2 kg,
Sucrose 5.8 kg, carbamide 7.8kg.
Mushroom slag is needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 59%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 63 DEG C and persistently after 11.5h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 6 days, turn over
Heap, turning 6 times, fermentation time is 36 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 12:
A kind of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 980kg, zymocyte Testa Tritici goods 8.8 kg,
Sucrose 6 kg, carbamide 8kg.
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue and needle mushroom slag.
The fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 60%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles all
Even, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 62 DEG C and persistently after 10.5h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, again pile fermentation heap after turning, within 3 days, turn over
Heap, turning 6 times, fermentation time is 18 days, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
Other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 13:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 14:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 15:
Mushroom slag is mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 16:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 0.95:0.96:0.97:
0.98, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 17:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 0.97:0.95:0.96:
0.95, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 18:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 0.99:0.98:0.95:
0.96, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 19:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1.01:0.99:0.98:
0.97, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 20:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1.03:1.02:0.99:
1, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 21:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1.02:1.01:1:
1.03, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 22:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1.04:1.03:1.01:
1.05, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 23:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1.05:1.02:1.03:
1.04, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 24:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1.04:1.03:1.05:
1.02, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 25:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1.04:1.05:1.02:
1.01, other are with embodiment 12.
Embodiment 26:
Mushroom slag is Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and its weight ratio is 1:1:1:1, and other are with real
Execute example 12.
Experimental example 1
1. materials and methods
1.1 material to be tested
Fructus Cucumidis sativi: Oriental Pearl, Zheng Yan seedling Science and Technology Ltd. provides；Mushroom slag: Te Lijie bio tech ltd of Xinmi City
There is provided；Vermiculitum: doube bridge flowers market is purchased.
1.2 mushroom slag fermentation
1000 kilograms of Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slags, needle mushroom slag, Lentinus Edodes mushroom mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag are separately added into different amounts of zymocyte
Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide carry out fermentation (addition is shown in Table 1) of banking up, and control mushroom slag fermentation humidity at (part by weight) 50%
Between, to hold dead meal slightly water outlet, loosing one's grip scatters is advisable, add the most by weight proportion zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and
Carbamide is also puddled uniformly, piles wide 1.2 meters, and high 0.8 meter, the fermentation heap that length does not limits, surrounding makes real, and heap surrounding is slightly in radian
Shape.
After stockpile is good, making a call to downwards 2 row air-vents with the wooden stick of diameter 4cm at fermentation heap plan vertical, pitch of holes is 50cm,
Beat a line air-vent at the middle part of both sides the most obliquely, and in the middle part of fermentation heap, insert long handle thermometer.
From 30cm depths, top layer, material temperature carries out turning after reaching 60 DEG C and continuing 12h, and general turning 6 times, the turning cycle depends on
According to difference in season about 4 days once, again build up fermentation heap after turning over, stamp air-vent.When mushroom slag charge uniform color turns deep, quality becomes
Gently, fermented when can't smell abnormal flavour and continuous one week temperature stabilization to less than 35 DEG C.
1.3 inspection ferment effects
Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, needle mushroom slag, mushroom residue and the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag processed respectively with Vermiculitum according to 2:1(volume ratio)
Ratio carry out mixture and cultivate formula as ferment effect, using the peat composed of rotten mosses and Vermiculitum 2:1(volume ratio) ratio carry out after mixture as
Comparison.With cultivated cucumber as subjects, after waiting Fructus Cucumidis sativi result, impose liquid fertilizer.
Test and start field planting in JIUYUE, 2014 23-24 day, January 8 in 2015 end of day.
1.4 fermentation mushroom slag for cultivating methods
Inserting in cultivation bed by each fermentation mushroom slag for cultivating substrate and comparison substrate, each cultivation bed inserts substrate 0.6 square, altogether
37 cultivation beds, groove width 45cm, long 8m, deep 30cm.
1.5 cultivation management
Field planting is a few days ago watered permeable, irrigates pouring root water, enter normal management later after field planting.
1.6 mixed substrate samplings measure with physicochemical properties
After mushroom slag fermentation is good, take fermentation mushroom slag one plastic bag marker samples process number the most at random, at experiment indoor measurement
The physics of sample and chemical property.
The observation of 1.7 morphological indexs and mensuration
After field planting two weeks, every ten days to cucumber growth height (at top at tender leaf height), footpath thick (at liftoff 2cm), leaf
Number (fully deployed), crown diameter (average of perpendicular diameter) measures, and measures three times altogether.
1.8 yield monitoring
Every Gansu Province is as a trial zone, and duplicate rows is planted 50 strains altogether, and the yield in every Gansu Province is carried out statistics of gathering by cross colonisation.
2. result of the test
After mushroom slag fermentation, unit weight, aeration porosity are all big than the peat composed of rotten mosses, and water-holding porosity is all little than the peat composed of rotten mosses, and aeration porosity is not because of
Not of uniform size with mushroom slag.
Mushroom slag water-holding porosity is all much larger than the peat composed of rotten mosses, illustrates that mushroom slag water-retaining property is not strong, needs to add the cultivation that water conservation is strong
Medium, mushroom slag pH value, all between 5.4～7.22, has met the requirement of plant growing, and EC value (electrolysis degree) is the highest,
Need to add the chelate of adion.
1000 kilograms of mushroom slags add 8 kilograms of zymocyte Testa Tritici goods (EM enzymatic microorganism), 5 kilograms of sucrose and 6 kilograms of carbamide and promote
Enter Fructus Cucumidis sativi fast-growth and improve the yield of Fructus Cucumidis sativi, and having reached significant difference with comparison.
Experimental example 2: method for culturing seedlings
1. materials and methods
1.1 material
1.1.1 material to be tested
Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum champion；Fructus Cucumidis sativi: legend 1156F1, is provided by Zheng Yan seedling Science and Technology Ltd..
1.1.2 test matrix
After Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, needle mushroom slag, mushroom residue and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag ferment respectively, it is 1:1:1:1's according to weight ratio
After four kinds of fermentation mushroom slags are respectively taken 10kg mix homogeneously by ratio, totally five kinds of test matrix, it is respectively as follows: the Agaricus Bisporus mushroom after fermentation
Slag, needle mushroom slag, mushroom residue and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag, and the mixed-matrix of four kinds of fermentation mushroom slags, take that weight is identical five kinds
Test matrix, is separately added into different amounts of Vermiculitum, perlite, chicken manure and bean cake cake fertilizer, and addition is shown in Table 2.Wherein, Vermiculitum, grass
Charcoal, perlite, chicken manure and bean cake cake fertilizer are all purchased in doube bridge flowers market, Zhengzhou City.
1.2 method
1.2.1 test period
Test and start sowing cucumber and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in 1-2 day in March, 2015.
1.2.2 mixed substrate processing method
The orthogonal manner using four factor three levels processes, and Fructus Cucumidis sativi and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti respectively sow 50 hole seedlings nursing plate one dishes, every kind of fermentation mushroom
Slag nursery 18 dish, five kinds of different fermentations mushroom slag nursery totally 90 dishes, add comparison totally 92 dish.
1.2.3 sowing and seedling management
Water equipped with the seedlings nursing plate of mixed substrate and permeable then sow, after planting cover Vermiculitum, and water permeable, before germinateing, keep hole tray
Moistening, normal management after germination, accomplish to see dry see wet.
1.2.4 mixed substrate sampling measures with physicochemical properties
After five kinds of test matrix are ready to, sample one plastic bag the marker samples that take five kinds of test matrix the most at random process
Number, in physics and the chemical property of experiment indoor measurement sample.
1.2.5 the observation of morphological index and mensuration
Respectively at Fructus Cucumidis sativi and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti two leaf wholeheartedly, four leaves wholeheartedly time to the growing height of Seedling (at top at tender leaf height), footpath
Slightly (at liftoff 2cm), the number of sheets, crown diameter (average of perpendicular diameter) measure, in triplicate.
2. conclusion
All slow 2～3 days of the ratio comparisons of each fermentation mushroom slag nursery germinating time, it may be possible to fermentation mushroom slag moisture holding capacity do not have the peat composed of rotten mosses strong and
The reason that germination that EC value causes more greatly is slow.
The rate in strong sprout of each fermentation mushroom slag nursery is higher than comparison, and has reached significant difference, it may be possible to fermentation mushroom slag ventilation
Porosity is bigger and the higher slow sturdy growth promoting Seedling of nutritional labeling.
10kg fermentation mushroom slag adds 1.2kg Vermiculitum, 0.6kg chicken manure (purity 25%), 0.03kg bean cake cake fertilizer nursery effect
Preferably, the excellent mixed substrate with four kinds of mixture mushroom slags makes the increment of Fructus Cucumidis sativi and tomato seedling reach significant difference with compareing.
Experimental example 3: cultural method
1. materials and methods
1.1. material
1.1.1 material to be tested
Fructus Cucumidis sativi: legend 1156F1, Zheng Yan seedling Science and Technology Ltd. provides.
1.1.2 test matrix
According to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1 after needle mushroom slag, Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, four kinds of mushroom slag fermentations of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag
Example mixture also takes the 1000kg mixture fermentation following different amounts of Vermiculitum of mushroom slag addition, perlite, compound fertilizer and expanded chicken manure, adds
Amount is shown in Table 3.Vermiculitum, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, chicken manure and expanded chicken manure are all purchased in doube bridge flowers market, Zhengzhou City.
1.2 method
1.2.1 test period
Testing and start cucumber seedling-raising February 26 in 2015～27 days, groove of planting March 18～25 days carries out arranging, sterilize and inciting somebody to action
The substrate of mixture puts into cultivation bed, April 3～4 days field planting cucumber seedling.
1.2.2 mixed substrate processing method
The orthogonal manner using four factor three levels processes, and each process cultivation matrix inserts cultivation bed, totally 0.6 side, groove
Wide 45cm, long 8m, deep 30cm, the peat composed of rotten mosses and Vermiculitum using volume ratio as 2:1 compare as cultivation matrix.
1.2.3 cultivation management
Field planting is a few days ago watered permeable, irrigates three pouring root water, enter normal management later after field planting.
1.2.4 mixed substrate sampling measures with physicochemical properties
Substrate built-in sample one plastic bag after mixture marker samples process number at random, at the thing of experiment indoor measurement sample
Reason and chemical property.
1.2.5 the observation of morphological index and mensuration
Every ten days to cucumber growth height (at top at tender leaf height), footpath thick (at liftoff 2cm), leaf after field planting two weeks
Number, crown diameter (average of perpendicular diameter) measure, and measure three times altogether.
1.2.6 yield monitoring
Every Gansu Province is as a trial zone, and duplicate rows is planted 50 strains altogether, cross colonisation.The yield in every Gansu Province is carried out statistics of gathering.
2. conclusion
1000kg fermentation mushroom slag adds 120kg Vermiculitum, 120kg chicken manure (purity 25%), 3kg compound fertilizer, and cultivation effect is best, should
Process promotes Fructus Cucumidis sativi and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti fast-growth, and yield has also reached significant difference with compareing.
Relative to prior art, the present invention have studied Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag
Fermentation technique, by cultivated cucumber and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, has filtered out the optimal fermentating formula being suitable for four kinds of mushroom slag fermentations, the mushroom after fermentation
The peat composed of rotten mosses can be substituted after slag and other cultivation medium mixture for vegetable and the nursery of flowers and cultivation, economizing on resources, improving
Environment, twice laid, the cost of reduction crop soilless culture, increase edible fungi and growing vegetables person's income aspect, have far-reaching
Meaning.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for a person skilled in the art,
Without departing under general idea premise of the present invention, it is also possible to making some changes and improvements, these also should be considered as the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a mushroom slag fermentation substrate, it is characterised in that: it is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom slag 800-1200 part, sends out
Yeast-like fungi Testa Tritici goods 6-10 part, sucrose 4-6 part, carbamide 5-8 part.
Mushroom slag fermentation substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described mushroom cinder ladle includes Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, Lentinus Edodes
At least one in mushroom slag, needle mushroom slag or Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
Mushroom slag fermentation substrate the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described mushroom cinder ladle includes Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, Lentinus Edodes
Mushroom slag, needle mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag.
Mushroom slag fermentation substrate the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, acupuncture needle
The weight ratio of mushroom mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag is (0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05): (0.95-1.05).
Mushroom slag fermentation substrate the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described Agaricus Bisporus mushroom slag, mushroom residue, acupuncture needle
The weight ratio of mushroom mushroom slag and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom slag is 1:1:1:1.
6. the fermentation process of mushroom slag fermentation substrate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) weighing mushroom slag, the water content controlling mushroom slag is 50-60%, adds zymocyte Testa Tritici goods, sucrose and carbamide, puddles
Uniformly, uniform raw material will be puddled and pile fermentation heap, and fermentation heap insert long handle thermometer, ferments；
(2) reach 58-65 DEG C and persistently after 10-15h when fermentation heap temperature, carry out turning, after turning, again pile fermentation heap, 3-
Within 7 days, turn over a heap, turning 4-6 time, can use after fermentation substrate temperature is down to below 35 DEG C.
The fermentation process of many mushroom slag fermentations substrate the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), will
After fermentation heap heap is good, air-vent is set inside fermentation heap.
The fermentation process of many mushroom slag fermentations substrate the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: after good for fermentation heap heap,
Beat downwards 1-2 row air-vent with wooden stick at fermentation heap plan vertical, make a call to 1 row air-vent the most obliquely at the middle part of both sides.
The fermentation process of many mushroom slag fermentations substrate the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in described step (1)
A width of 1.2-1.5 rice of fermentation heap, a height of 0.8-1.2 rice.
10. the application in vegetable growing of the many mushroom slag fermentations substrate as described in claim 1-5.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108812113A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-16 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method of the oyster mushroom bacteria residue for potting media and the application in vegetable growing |
| CN108812270A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-16 | 青岛农业大学 | It is a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix |
| CN109588259A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-04-09 | 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-quality organic seedling raising matrix production technology |
| CN110338033A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-18 | 甘肃农业大学 | It is a kind of using agricultural wastes as tomato cultivation matrix of major ingredient and preparation method thereof |
| CN111837812A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-30 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Layered culture medium for mushroom residue organic fertilizer |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108812113A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-16 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method of the oyster mushroom bacteria residue for potting media and the application in vegetable growing |
| CN108812113B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-02-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for applying oyster mushroom dregs to potting medium and application of oyster mushroom dregs to vegetable cultivation |
| CN108812270A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-16 | 青岛农业大学 | It is a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix |
| CN109588259A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-04-09 | 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-quality organic seedling raising matrix production technology |
| CN110338033A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-18 | 甘肃农业大学 | It is a kind of using agricultural wastes as tomato cultivation matrix of major ingredient and preparation method thereof |
| CN111837812A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-30 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Layered culture medium for mushroom residue organic fertilizer |
| CN111837812B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2021-09-21 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Layered culture medium for mushroom residue organic fertilizer |
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