CN107980521A - A kind of tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107980521A CN107980521A CN201711314361.3A CN201711314361A CN107980521A CN 107980521 A CN107980521 A CN 107980521A CN 201711314361 A CN201711314361 A CN 201711314361A CN 107980521 A CN107980521 A CN 107980521A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method, purpose is to solve medicinal herb grower at present using the original soil cultivation tuber of pinellia, production, extensive management, water, apply fertilizer it is unreasonable, cause summer, autumn that virosis, samping off etc. occur often, the problem of yield of tuber of pinellia plantation can not be guaranteed with quality, and the common manually excavation mode of the tuber of pinellia is time-consuming and laborious, and remarkable in economical benefits reduces.This method comprises the following steps：Selection of land, the processing of filling bottom material, seed treatment, sowing, field management, harvesting；At seeding time, railway carriage or compartment, the ditch that begins to rehearse are opened, opens seed furrow, U-type groove is put into seed furrow, then filling bottom material is inserted in U-type groove；Tuber of pinellia bulb is placed in U-type groove as seed again, then covers 2 3cm of stalk, then 1.5 3.0cm of earthing.The present invention fills the loose ventilative, advantage of retain water and nutrients of bottom material, and the control by being grown to the tuber of pinellia using U-type groove, makes tuber of pinellia growing way good, disease is few, and harvest is easy, suitable for being widely applied, has higher application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine field of planting, especially tuber of pinellia field of planting, is specially a kind of tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultivation
Method.
Background technology
The tuber of pinellia (Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.) is the perennial medicinal plant of Araeceae Pinellia Tenore
Thing, is one of important medicinal material kind in Chinese Chinese medicine treasure-house.Tuber of pinellia medicinal part is bulb, Yu Xia, two season of autumn cauline leaf it is luxuriant
When excavate, remove crust and fibrous root, dry or dry, be dried pinellia.Its acrid flavour, it is warm-natured, it is poisonous；Returns spleen, stomach, lung channel.Half
Summer has eliminating dampness and eliminating phlegm, and middle stomach invigorating, stopping nausea and vomiting by lowering the adverse flow of QI, the function of dissolving lump and resolving mass, external application can swelling and pain relievings.In China, open already
Open up tuber of pinellia artificial cultivation.
At present, tuber of pinellia artificial cultivation is primarily present following both sides problem：
（1）Using the original soil cultivation tuber of pinellia, medicinal herb grower's production, extensive management, water, applying fertilizer unreasonable causes summer, autumn numerous medicinal herb growers
Virosis, samping off, root rot etc. occur often for section, and the yield of tuber of pinellia plantation can not be guaranteed with quality；
（2）The common manually excavation mode of the tuber of pinellia is time-consuming and laborious, and is easy to damage bulb so that medicinal herb grower's overall economic efficiency is shown
Writing reduces.
For this reason, there is an urgent need to a kind of new method/or device, to solve the above problems.
The content of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：For medicinal herb grower at present using the original soil cultivation tuber of pinellia, produce, extensive management, watering,
Apply fertilizer unreasonable, cause summer, autumn to occur virosis, samping off, root rot etc. often, the yield of tuber of pinellia plantation and quality without
The problem of method is guaranteed, and the common manually excavation mode of the tuber of pinellia is time-consuming and laborious, and remarkable in economical benefits reduces, there is provided Yi Zhongban
Summer U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method.This method comprises the following steps：Selection of land, the processing of filling bottom material, seed treatment, sowing, field pipe
Reason, harvesting.The present invention fills the loose ventilative, advantage of retain water and nutrients of bottom material, and the control by being grown to the tuber of pinellia using U-type groove
System, makes tuber of pinellia growing way good, and disease is few, and harvest is easy, suitable for being widely applied, has higher application value and wide city
Field prospect.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method, includes the following steps：
（1）Selection of land；
（2）Prepare filling bottom material；
（3）Seed treatment：The bulb for treating sowing carries out disinfection processing；
（4）Sowing：In step（1）Plot on, open railway carriage or compartment according to wide 100 ~ 120cm, wide 30 ~ 50cm begins to rehearse ditch, then in railway carriage or compartment
Seed furrow is opened by 25 ~ 35cm of line-spacing, deep 7 ~ 10cm, U-type groove is put into seed furrow, then 3 ~ 4cm high steps are inserted in U-type groove
（2）The filling bottom material of preparation；Reselection life then, diameter 1-1.5cm, robust growth, no disease and pests harm and it is sterile-processed after
Tuber of pinellia bulb is placed in U-type groove as seed, and the spacing in the rows of tuber of pinellia bulb is 4-5cm in U-type groove, seed stem eye mouthful upward, Ran Houzai
Covering crushes the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes, then earthing 1.5-3.0cm；
（5）Field management；
（6）Harvesting；
The step（4）In, the wide 8 ~ 12cm of U-type groove, deep 7 ~ 10cm, U-type groove bottom are provided with osculum, osculum it is a diameter of
0.8 ~ 1.5cm, the spacing of osculum is 18 ~ 23cm.
The step（1）In, selection moistening is fertile, retain water and nutrients power is strong, quality is loose, irrigation and drainage are good, is in neutrality reaction
Sand loam or territory planted, or the gentle slope mountainous region of the cloudy half light of selection half is planted.
The step（2）In, after adding water to be uniformly mixed the component weighed, obtain the first mixture；First is mixed
Compound heap coning or cuboid, 50-80cm is spaced on heap and makes a call to a venthole, bore dia 5-8cm, thin with plastics
Film covers tight；First fermentation reactor system 6-7d, turning 1 time, then the 5-6d that ferments, once, then the 3-5d that ferments obtains fermentation material for turning；
Gained fermentation material is paved in fermenting cellar, material thickness is 20-25cm, with thick plastic membrane sealing door and window, is passed through steam, material temperature is protected
The 12-14h in the range of 60-65 DEG C is held, carries out secondary fermentation；After the completion for the treatment of secondary fermentation, gained fermentation material is taken out of into fermenting cellar,
Naturally dry, up to bottom material is filled；
Or the step（2）In, each component is weighed by proportioning, adds water to be uniformly mixed in the residue stalk mixture weighed
Afterwards, the first mixture is obtained；By the first mixture heap coning or cuboid, 50-80cm is spaced on heap makes a call to one and lead to
Stomata, bore dia 5-8cm, is covered tight with plastic film；First fermentation reactor system 6-7d, turning 1 time, then the 5-6d that ferments, turning
Once, then the 3-5d that ferments, fermentation material is obtained；Gained fermentation material is paved in fermenting cellar, material thickness is 20-25cm, with thick plastics
Film closes door and window, is passed through steam, and material temperature is maintained at 12-14h in the range of 60-65 DEG C, carries out secondary fermentation；Treat that secondary fermentation is complete
Cheng Hou, fermenting cellar, naturally dry are taken out of by gained fermentation material, then after the fermentation material dried is mixed with remaining ingredient, are filled out to obtain the final product
Fill bottom material.
The step（2）In, each component is weighed as following weight percent：2.5wt% phosphate fertilizer, 2.5wt% potash fertilizer,
0.1wt%-0.2wt% urea, quick lime 1wt%, calcium carbonate 1wt%-2wt%, surplus are residue stalk mixture；The group that will be weighed
Divide and carry out secondary fermentation, up to bottom material is filled；
Wherein, residue stalk mixture includes the component of following percentage by weight：Food, medicinal fungus compost residue 40wt%-
60wt%, stalk 40wt%-60wt%.
The food, medicinal fungus compost residue are the useless base-material after culturing edible fungus or medicinal fungus fruiting.
The stalk is rice straw, the one or more in maize straw, wheat stalk, soybean stalk, sawdust.
A diameter of 15 ~ 30mm of the stalk.
The water content of first mixture is 60 ~ 62%, and pH value is 8 ~ 9.
The filling bottom material has fermenting aroma, and no ammonia taste, peculiar smell, pH value 6-7, there are a large amount of actinomyces albuses on top layer, expect
It is loose flexible, it is non-blocking.
The step（3）In, with 40 ~ 60% 600 ~ 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim or 60 ~ 85% 400 ~ 700 times of liquid of Bravo
Bulb to be sowed is soaked seed 1-2h, it is spare after drying surface moisture.
The step（3）In, with 50% 800 times of liquid of carbendazim or 75% 600 times of liquid of Bravo by bulb to be sowed
Soak seed 2h, spare after drying surface moisture.
The step（4）In, plot is cultivated in the tuber of pinellia, first opens railway carriage or compartment according to wide 120cm, wide 40cm begins to rehearse ditch, then in railway carriage or compartment
It is interior to open seed furrow by line-spacing 30cm, depth 8-10cm, U-type groove is put into seed furrow, then the filling of 3-4cm is inserted in U-type groove
Bottom material, reselection give birth to then diameter 1-1.5cm, robust growth, no disease and pests harm, it is sterile-processed after tuber of pinellia bulb plant
Son, spacing in the rows 4-5cm sowings in U-type groove, seed stem eye mouthful upward, then covers and crushes the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes again, then earthing
1.5-3.0cm。
The step（5）In, after plantation, ground moistening is kept, in time watering, top dressing ridging, shade soil moisture conservation, keeps soil
Moistening and fertilizer point, harvested to the tuber of pinellia is ripe.
Top dressing opportunity is as follows：1st time, the neat after seedling of the tuber of pinellia carries out in 3 days；2nd time, when bulbil 70-80% is formed above into
OK；3rd time, carried out in 3 days after the 1st sprout tumble of the tuber of pinellia；1st ~ 3 30 ~ 50kg/ of composite fertilizer mus of application per acre；The 4th, applies
8-12kg/ mus of urea, carries out when the tuber of pinellia new full stand seedling, is spread on native table, is fallen within successively on the ground in the bulbil and seed for having maturation
When, earth up with reference to administration phosphorus, potassium mixed fertilizer；Tuber of pinellia the middle and late growth stage, sprays 1 0.15-0.25wt% phosphoric acid in every 6 ~ 10 days
Potassium dihydrogen.
The operation of ridging is as follows：Fine earth is taken equably to be sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment, thickness about 1-2cm, covers bulbil.
The step（6）In, the ripe tuber of pinellia is harvested, removes U-type groove upper table soil and surrounding soil, the tuber of pinellia
The root tuber that is produced on lower stem, fibrous root, tuber of pinellia stem tuber connect soil and plough under in container, sieve, sorting, you can.
For foregoing problems, the present invention provides a kind of tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method.It includes the following steps：Selection of land,
Fill bottom material processing, seed treatment, sowing, field management, harvesting.Wherein, selection moistening is fertile, retain water and nutrients power is relatively strong, matter
Ground is loose, irrigation and drainage are good, is in neutrality sand loam or the territory plantation of reaction, and the gentle slope mountainous region that half cloudy half light also may be selected carries out
Plantation.
Then, filling bottom material is prepared, which is the useless base-material after various cultivation foods, medicinal fungus fruiting and crops
The secondary fermentation matrix of stalk such as rice, corn, wheat, soybean and various sawdusts etc. (diameter is less than 30mm).Wherein, the filling
Bottom material uses the fermenting raw materials for including following mass percent to form：.5wt% phosphate fertilizer, 2.5wt% potash fertilizer, 0.1wt%-0.2wt% urine
Element, quick lime 1wt%, calcium carbonate 1wt%-2wt%, surplus are residue stalk mixture；The component weighed is subjected to secondary fermentation,
Up to filling bottom material；Wherein, residue stalk mixture includes the component of following percentage by weight：Food, medicinal fungus compost residue
40wt%-60wt%, stalk 40wt%-60wt%.Food, medicinal fungus compost residue refer to medicinal fungus culture residue, edible mushroom culture
One or more in residue.Fermentation operation is as follows：First edible and medical fungi compost residue, stalk and other components are mixed in proportion
Close, add water spice and be uniformly mixed, water content reaches 60%-62%, pH value to 8-9；Will material heap heap coning or cuboid
Shape, 50-80cm is spaced on heap and makes a call to a venthole, bore dia 5-8cm, is covered tight with plastic film；First fermentation reactor system 6-
7d, turning 1 time, then the 5-6d that ferments, turning once, then the 3-5d that ferments；Then, fermentation material is brought up to bedstead in fermenting cellar to pave,
Expect thickness 20-25cm, with thick plastic membrane sealing door and window, be passed through 100 DEG C of hot steams, material temperature is maintained in the range of 60-65 DEG C, 12-
14h, carries out secondary fermentation；After the completion of secondary fermentation, fermentation material is taken out of into secondary fermentation room, is spread out on ground, natural drying half
My god.The standard that material has been sent out is as follows：There is fermenting aroma, no ammonia taste, peculiar smell, pH6-7, top layer there are a large amount of actinomyces albuses, expects loose
It is flexible, it is non-blocking.Per acre with this fermentation material 7-8m3.In the present invention, there is provided two kinds of different filling bottom material processing modes：
1）Mixed after residue stalk mixture individually fermentation, then with other nutrition compositions；2）By residue stalk mixture and its
After his component mixing, then carry out mixed fermentation.Through practical measurement, using the second way, the effect for filling bottom material is more preferable.
Meanwhile 2-3 days before sowing, selection is given birth to diameter 1-1.5cm, robust growth, the tuber of pinellia bulb of no disease and pests harm and is made then
Seed, and the bulb for treating sowing carries out disinfection processing, can select 50% 800 times of liquid of carbendazim or 75% Bravo 600
Times liquid seed soaking 2h, dries surface moisture, standby to broadcast.
Then, plot is cultivated in the tuber of pinellia, first opens railway carriage or compartment according to wide 120cm, wide 40cm begins to rehearse ditch, and line-spacing is then pressed in railway carriage or compartment
30cm, depth 8-10cm open seed furrow, and U-type groove is put into ditch, and cultivation bottom material 3-4cm is inserted in U-type groove, and diameter is given birth in selection then
1-1.5cm, robust growth, the tuber of pinellia bulb of no disease and pests harm make seed, handle seed well, and spacing in the rows 4-5cm is sowed in U-type groove, kind
Blastostyle bud mouth upward, then covers and crushes the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes again, then earthing 1.5-3cm.In a specific example
In, as shown in Figure 1, U-type groove can be PVC plastic material, long 100cm, wide 10cm, deep 5cm, uniformly divides per single u-shaped trench bottom
5 osculums of cloth, bore dia 1cm.
After plantation, keep the moistening of soil, should water in time later, shade, top dressing, ridging, keep soil moistening and
Fertilizer assigns to the ripe harvesting of the tuber of pinellia.
During harvesting, remove U-type groove upper table soil and surrounding soil, take out U-type groove, the root tuber produced on tuber of pinellia subterranean stem and
A large amount of fibrous roots and tuber of pinellia stem tuber connect soil and plough under in container, sieve, sort out stem tuber, root tuber and fibrous root, Storage of classifying.
Compared with primary soil cultivates the tuber of pinellia, the present invention can effectively reduce weeds propagation and widespread using U-type groove cultural method, and then
The manpower and materials expenditure of weeding in tuber of pinellia growth course is reduced, and the problems such as residual after herbicide use.Meanwhile administration
For main fertilizer mainly in U-type groove, utilization rate of fertilizer is higher, reduces pollution of the fertilizer to environment.In addition, bottom material is filled to cultivate
Expect that residue, stalk are primary raw material, formed into secondary fermentation is crossed, with harmful levels of pathogens is few, permeability is good, retain water and nutrients ability is strong
The characteristics of and harvest convenient advantage.Further, U-type groove used in the present invention in use, is formed surrounding soil
Certain physical isolation, effectively reduces the sprawling of tuber of pinellia disease；The pore of U-type groove bottom is beneficial to draining, prevents the tuber of pinellia because of soil
Stem-bulb rot caused by humidity is excessive.Preferably, U-type groove uses PVC plastic material.Based on cultivation microenvironment change, with
And the use of U-type groove so that it is more convenient during using present invention harvest, harvesting people can be reduced per acre than traditional planting patterns
Work more than 3, and bulb is hardly damaged, the tuber of pinellia commodity of harvest is good, and commodity rate is high, dramatically increases medicinal herb grower's economic benefit.
To sum up, compared with primary soil, cultivation bottom material harmful substance is less in the present invention, and soil permeability is more preferable, water conservation
Fertilizer-preserving ability is stronger, and tuber of pinellia growing way is stronger, and lateral bud is more, bulb bigger, and harvest is easier, finally realizes that tuber of pinellia plantation " carries product
Matter, increases benefit, weight-reducing material, subtract pesticide " purpose.Through practical measurement, tuber of pinellia quality that the present invention is produced is excellent, yield is high, and
The use of pesticide, fertilizer can be reduced, increases medicinal herb grower's overall economic efficiency, there is good society, the ecological value and wide city
Field prospect；Compared with the tuber of pinellia of primary soil cultivation, tuber of pinellia alkaloid, guanosine content and the β-paddy of the method for the present invention production
Sterol content adds more than 3-7% respectively, and yield adds 12-20%.
Brief description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of U-type groove in embodiment 1.
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless specifically stated, can be equivalent by other or with similar purpose
Alternative features are replaced.I.e., unless specifically stated, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
.
Embodiment 1
Cultural method is as follows.
（1）Selection of land：Experimental field select in Mianyang City Qing Yi towns Xinan Science and Technology Univ. Hou Shan proving grounds, medium loam, tailo
Ground, 15 degree of the gradient are preceding to be used as clover green manure.Planting time：In March, 2016 to November.
（2）The mushroom cultivation material residue and rice straw that first the second half year in 2015 is collected press 45:55 ratios mix, and obtain
Residue stalk mixture.Weigh each component as following weight percent again：2.5wt% phosphate fertilizer, 2.5wt% potash fertilizer, 0.15wt% urine
Element, quick lime 1wt%, calcium carbonate 1.0wt%, 92.85% residue stalk mixture.The component weighed is added into water spice and is mixed equal
Even, water content reaches 60%, pH8.5, obtains the first mixture.Again by the first mixture heap coning or cuboid, in heap
Upper interval 60cm makes a call to a venthole, and bore dia 7-8cm, is covered tight with plastic film.First fermentation reactor system 7d, turning 1 time, then
Ferment 6d, turning once, then the 4d that ferments.Then, fermentation material is brought up to bedstead in fermenting cellar to pave, thickness 25cm is expected, with thick plastics
Film closes door and window, is passed through 100 DEG C of hot steams, and material temperature is maintained in the range of 65 DEG C, 14h, carries out secondary fermentation.Fermentation material is removed
Go out secondary fermentation room, spread out on ground, natural drying half a day, up to bottom material is filled.
Expect the standard sent out：There is fermenting aroma, no ammonia taste, peculiar smell, pH6-7, top layer there are a large amount of actinomyces albuses, expects loose
It is flexible, it is non-blocking.Per acre with this up to filling bottom material 8m3.
（3）Seed treatment：3 days before sowing, diameter 1.2-1.5cm, robust growth, the tuber of pinellia of no disease and pests harm are given birth in selection then
Bulb makees seed, with 50% 800 times of liquid seed soaking 2h of carbendazim, dries surface moisture, standby to broadcast.
（4）Sowing：Plot is cultivated in the tuber of pinellia, first opens railway carriage or compartment by wide 120cm, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 40cm, is broadcast by 60cm spacing in the rows in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment
Kind corn.Then, seed furrow is opened by line-spacing 30cm, depth 10cm in railway carriage or compartment, is put into U-type groove in ditch, cultivation bottom material is inserted in U-type groove
3-4cm, U-type groove is interior to be sowed by spacing in the rows 4-5cm, is then covered the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes, then earthing 3cm or so, is put down to railway carriage or compartment face
It is whole.
（5）Field management：Ground moistening should be kept after plantation, should be watered in time later, top dressing ridging, shade soil moisture conservation, is protected
Hold the moistening of soil and fertilizer assigns to the ripe harvesting of the tuber of pinellia.Top dressing opportunity is as follows：1st time, the neat after seedling of the tuber of pinellia carries out on the 3rd day；2nd
It is secondary, carried out when bulbil 80% is formed above；3rd time, carry out within the 2nd day after the 1st sprout tumble of the tuber of pinellia.Composite fertilizer is applied per acre every time
40kg.The 4th, urea 10kg, carries out when the tuber of pinellia new full stand seedling, is spread on native table, falls successively in the bulbil and seed for having maturation
When ground, earth up with reference to administration phosphorus, potassium mixed fertilizer.Way of earthing up is as follows：Fine earth is taken equably to be sprinkling upon in furrow face, it is thick about
1-2cm, covers bulbil.Tuber of pinellia the middle and late growth stage, when particularly temperature is higher（30 DEG C or so）, spray 1 0.2wt% within every 10 days
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
（6）Harvesting：Harvested after summer in 2016, autumn cauline leaf wither sprout tumble.
During harvesting, fine day is selected, removes U-type groove upper table soil and surrounding soil, the root tuber produced on tuber of pinellia subterranean stem and greatly
Amount fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber connect soil and plough under in container, sieve, and sort out stem tuber, root tuber and fibrous root, Storage of classifying.
In the present embodiment, mu sowing dosage 120kg, mu harvests fresh stem tuber and root tuber 650kg.Autumn harvest tuber of pinellia Drying rate
25.9%.Meanwhile with the tuber of pinellia of primary soil cultivation be reference, yield of the invention adds 14.3%, and the tuber of pinellia in the tuber of pinellia is given birth to
Alkaloids content, guanosine content and cupreol content add more than 3%-7% respectively, and there is the increase of significant yield and quality to change
Good action.
Embodiment 2
Cultural method is as follows.
（1）Selection of land：Experimental field select in the pake purpke base of Mianyang Jiangyou City, medium loam, shallow mound tableland, it is preceding to be used as corn.Plant
Train the time：In March, 2017 is to September.
（2）Needle mushroom compost residue and stalk are first pressed 40：60 ratios mix, and obtain residue stalk mixture.Press again
Following percentage by weight weighs each component：2.5wt% phosphate fertilizer, 2.5wt% potash fertilizer, 0.1wt% urea, quick lime 1wt%, calcium carbonate
1.5wt%, 92.4% residue stalk mixture.The component weighed is added into water spice and is uniformly mixed, water content reaches 60%, pH8-
9, obtain the first mixture.Again by the first mixture heap coning or cuboid, 60cm is spaced on heap and plays a ventilation
Hole, bore dia 6cm, is covered tight with plastic film.First fermentation reactor system 7d, turning 1 time, then the 6d that ferments, turning once, then are fermented
4d.Then, fermentation material is brought up to bedstead in fermenting cellar to pave, expects thickness 20cm, with thick plastic membrane sealing door and window, be passed through 100 DEG C
Hot steam, material temperature are maintained in the range of 60-65 DEG C, 14h, carry out secondary fermentation.Fermentation material is taken out of into secondary fermentation room, on ground
Spread out, natural drying half a day, up to bottom material is filled.
Expect the standard sent out：There is fermenting aroma, no ammonia taste, peculiar smell, pH6-7, top layer there are a large amount of actinomyces albuses, expects loose
It is flexible, it is non-blocking.Per acre with this up to filling bottom material 7.5m3.
（3）Seed treatment：3 days before sowing, diameter 1.2-1.5cm, robust growth, the tuber of pinellia of no disease and pests harm are given birth in selection then
Bulb makees seed, with 50% 800 times of liquid seed soaking 2h of carbendazim, dries surface moisture, standby to broadcast.
（4）Sowing：Plot is cultivated in the tuber of pinellia, first opens railway carriage or compartment by wide 100cm, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 50cm, is broadcast by 50cm spacing in the rows in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment
Kind corn.Then, seed furrow is opened by line-spacing 25cm, depth 10cm in railway carriage or compartment, is put into U-type groove in ditch, cultivation bottom material is inserted in U-type groove
3-4cm, U-type groove is interior to be sowed by spacing in the rows 4-5cm, then covers the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes, then earthing 2-3cm.
（5）Field management：Ground moistening is kept after plantation, is watered in time when arid, top dressing ridging, shade soil moisture conservation, keeps
The moistening and fertilizer of soil assign to the ripe harvesting of the tuber of pinellia.Top dressing opportunity is as follows：1st time, the neat after seedling of the tuber of pinellia carries out on the 3rd day；2nd time,
Carried out when bulbil 80% is formed above；3rd time, carry out within the 1st day after the 1st sprout tumble of the tuber of pinellia.Composite fertilizer is applied per acre every time
40kg.The 4th, urea 10kg, carries out when the tuber of pinellia new full stand seedling, is spread on native table, falls successively in the bulbil and seed for having maturation
When ground, earth up with reference to administration phosphorus, potassium mixed fertilizer.Way of earthing up is as follows：Fine earth is taken equably to be sprinkling upon in furrow face, it is thick about
1-2cm, covers bulbil.Tuber of pinellia the middle and late growth stage, sprays 1 0.2wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every 10 days.
（6）Harvesting：Harvested after the cauline leaf of in September, 2017 withers sprout tumble.
During harvesting, fine day is selected, removes U-type groove upper table soil and surrounding soil, the root tuber produced on tuber of pinellia subterranean stem and greatly
Amount fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber connect soil and plough under in container, sieve, and sort out stem tuber, root tuber and fibrous root, Storage of classifying.
In the present embodiment, mu sowing dosage 100kg, mu harvests fresh stem tuber and root tuber 480kg.Autumn harvest tuber of pinellia Drying rate
23.3%.Meanwhile with the tuber of pinellia of primary soil cultivation be reference, yield of the invention adds 16.1%, and the tuber of pinellia in the tuber of pinellia is given birth to
Alkaloids content, guanosine content and cupreol content add more than 3%-6% respectively, and there is significant effect of increasing production and quality to change
Into.
Embodiment 3
Cultural method is as follows.
（1）Selection of land：Experimental field select in Mianyang City Santai County Le Jia townshiies proving ground, medium loam, gentle slope, it is preceding to be used as lucerne
Mu green manure.Planting time：In March, 2017 is to September.
（2）Champignon compost residue and wheat stalk are first pressed 50：50 ratios mix, and obtain residue stalk mixture.Again
Each component is weighed as following weight percent：2.5wt% phosphate fertilizer, 2.5wt% potash fertilizer, 0.1wt% urea, quick lime 1wt%, calcium carbonate
1.1wt%, 92.80% residue stalk mixture.The component weighed is added into water spice, and is uniformly mixed, water content reaches 62%,
PH8-9, obtains the first mixture.Again by the first mixture heap coning or cuboid, 70cm is spaced on heap and makes a call to one
Venthole, bore dia 6cm, is covered tight with plastic film.First fermentation reactor system 7d, turning 1 time, then the 6d that ferments, turning once, then
Ferment 5d.Then fermentation material is brought up to bedstead in fermenting cellar to pave, expects thickness 20cm, with thick plastic membrane sealing door and window, be passed through 100
DEG C hot steam, material temperature are maintained in the range of 60-65 DEG C, 12h, carry out secondary fermentation.Fermentation material is taken out of into secondary fermentation room, on ground
Face is spread out, natural drying half a day, up to bottom material is filled.
Expect the standard sent out：There is fermenting aroma, no ammonia taste, peculiar smell, pH6-7, top layer there are a large amount of actinomyces albuses, expects loose
It is flexible, it is non-blocking.Per acre with this up to filling bottom material 8m3.
（3）Seed treatment：3 days before sowing, diameter 1.3-1.5cm, robust growth, the tuber of pinellia of no disease and pests harm are given birth in selection then
Bulb makees seed, with 50% 800 times of liquid seed soaking 2h of carbendazim, dries surface moisture, standby to broadcast.
（4）Sowing：Plot is cultivated in the tuber of pinellia, first opens railway carriage or compartment by wide 120cm, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 40cm, is broadcast by 60cm spacing in the rows in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment
Kind corn.Then, seed furrow is opened by line-spacing 30cm, depth 10cm in railway carriage or compartment, is put into U-type groove in ditch, cultivation bottom material is inserted in U-type groove
3-4cm, U-type groove is interior to be sowed by spacing in the rows 5cm, then covers the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes, then earthing 3-4cm, mulching soil 2-
3cm。
（5）Field management：Ground moistening is kept after plantation, in time watering, top dressing ridging, shade soil moisture conservation, keeps soil
Moistening and fertilizer assign to the ripe harvesting of the tuber of pinellia.Top dressing opportunity is as follows：1st time, the neat after seedling of the tuber of pinellia carries out on the 2nd day；2nd time, in bulbil
80% carries out when formed above；3rd time, carry out within the 1st day after the 1st sprout tumble of the tuber of pinellia.Apply composite fertilizer 40kg per acre every time.4th
Secondary, urea 10kg, carries out when the tuber of pinellia new full stand seedling, is spread on native table, when the bulbil and seed for having maturation fall within ground successively,
To combine and earth up using phosphorus, potassium mixed fertilizer.Way of earthing up is as follows：Fine earth is taken equably to be sprinkling upon in furrow face, thickness about 2cm, lid
Firmly bulbil.Tuber of pinellia the middle and late growth stage, when particularly temperature is higher（30 DEG C or so）, spray 1 0.2wt% biphosphate within every 7 days
Potassium.
（6）Harvesting：Harvested after the cauline leaf of in September, 2017 withers sprout tumble.
During harvesting, fine day is selected, removes U-type groove upper table soil and surrounding soil, the root tuber produced on tuber of pinellia subterranean stem and greatly
Amount fibrous root and tuber of pinellia stem tuber connect soil and plough under in container, sieve, and sort out stem tuber, root tuber and fibrous root, Storage of classifying.
In the present embodiment, mu sowing dosage 100kg, mu harvests fresh stem tuber and root tuber 520kg, tuber of pinellia Drying rate 25.3%.Together
When, the tuber of pinellia with primary soil cultivation is reference, and yield of the invention adds 18.4%, tuber of pinellia alkaloid in the tuber of pinellia,
Guanosine content and cupreol content add more than 5%-7% respectively, have and dramatically increase.
The invention is not limited in foregoing embodiment.The present invention, which expands to, any in the present specification to be disclosed
New feature or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new combination.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
（1）Selection of land；
（2）Prepare filling bottom material；
（3）Seed treatment：The bulb for treating sowing carries out disinfection processing；
（4）Sowing：In step（1）Plot on, open railway carriage or compartment according to wide 100 ~ 120cm, wide 30 ~ 50cm begins to rehearse ditch, then in railway carriage or compartment
Seed furrow is opened by 25 ~ 35cm of line-spacing, deep 7 ~ 10cm, U-type groove is put into seed furrow, then 3 ~ 4cm high steps are inserted in U-type groove
（2）The filling bottom material of preparation；Reselection life then, diameter 1-1.5cm, robust growth, no disease and pests harm and it is sterile-processed after
Tuber of pinellia bulb is placed in U-type groove as seed, and the spacing in the rows of tuber of pinellia bulb is 4-5cm in U-type groove, seed stem eye mouthful upward, Ran Houzai
Covering crushes the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes, then earthing 1.5-3.0cm；
（5）Field management；
（6）Harvesting；
The step（4）In, the wide 8 ~ 12cm of U-type groove, deep 7 ~ 10cm, U-type groove bottom are provided with osculum, osculum it is a diameter of
0.8 ~ 1.5cm, the spacing of osculum is 18 ~ 23cm.
2. tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）In, select wet
Moisten that fertile, retain water and nutrients power is strong, quality is loose, irrigation and drainage are good, be in neutrality the sand loam of reaction or territory is planted, or choosing
Planted in the gentle slope mountainous region for selecting half cloudy half light.
3. tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that the step（2）In, it will claim
After the component taken adds water to be uniformly mixed, the first mixture is obtained；By the first mixture heap coning or cuboid, exist
50-80cm is spaced on heap and makes a call to a venthole, bore dia 5-8cm, is covered tight with plastic film；First fermentation reactor system 6-7d,
Turning 1 time, then the 5-6d that ferments, once, then the 3-5d that ferments obtains fermentation material for turning；Gained fermentation material is paved in fermenting cellar,
Material thickness is 20-25cm, with thick plastic membrane sealing door and window, is passed through steam, and material temperature is maintained at 12-14h in the range of 60-65 DEG C, into
Row secondary fermentation；After the completion for the treatment of secondary fermentation, gained fermentation material is taken out of into fermenting cellar, naturally dry, up to bottom material is filled；
Or the step（2）In, each component is weighed by proportioning, adds water to be uniformly mixed in the residue stalk mixture weighed
Afterwards, the first mixture is obtained；By the first mixture heap coning or cuboid, 50-80cm is spaced on heap makes a call to one and lead to
Stomata, bore dia 5-8cm, is covered tight with plastic film；First fermentation reactor system 6-7d, turning 1 time, then the 5-6d that ferments, turning
Once, then the 3-5d that ferments, fermentation material is obtained；Gained fermentation material is paved in fermenting cellar, material thickness is 20-25cm, with thick plastics
Film closes door and window, is passed through steam, and material temperature is maintained at 12-14h in the range of 60-65 DEG C, carries out secondary fermentation；Treat that secondary fermentation is complete
Cheng Hou, fermenting cellar, naturally dry are taken out of by gained fermentation material, then after the fermentation material dried is mixed with remaining ingredient, are filled out to obtain the final product
Fill bottom material.
4. tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step（2）In, by as follows
Percentage by weight weighs each component：2.5wt% phosphate fertilizer, 2.5wt% potash fertilizer, 0.1wt%-0.2wt% urea, quick lime 1wt%, carbonic acid
Calcium 1wt%-2wt%, surplus are residue stalk mixture；The component weighed is subjected to secondary fermentation, up to bottom material is filled；
Wherein, residue stalk mixture includes the component of following percentage by weight：Food, medicinal fungus compost residue 40wt%-
60wt%, stalk 40wt%-60wt%.
5. tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that a diameter of the 15 of the stalk ~
30mm。
6. tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that first mixture it is aqueous
Measure as 60 ~ 62%, pH value is 8 ~ 9.
7. according to any one of the claim 1-7 tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural methods, it is characterised in that the step（3）
In, bulb to be sowed is soaked seed with 40 ~ 60% 600 ~ 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim or 60 ~ 85% 400 ~ 700 times of liquid of Bravo
1-2h, it is spare after drying surface moisture.
8. according to any one of the claim 1-7 tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural methods, it is characterised in that the step（4）
In, plot is cultivated in the tuber of pinellia, first opens railway carriage or compartment according to wide 120cm, wide 40cm begins to rehearse ditch, then line-spacing 30cm, depth 8- are pressed in railway carriage or compartment
10cm opens seed furrow, and U-type groove is put into seed furrow, then the filling bottom material of 3-4cm is inserted in U-type groove, and reselection is given birth to then
Diameter 1-1.5cm, robust growth, no disease and pests harm, it is sterile-processed after tuber of pinellia bulb make seed, spacing in the rows 4-5cm in U-type groove
Sowing, seed stem eye mouthful upward, then covers and crushes the stalk 2-3cm that heap makes again, then earthing 1.5-3.0cm.
9. according to any one of the claim 1-8 tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural methods, it is characterised in that the step（5）
In, after plantation, ground moistening is kept, in time watering, top dressing is earthed up, shade soil moisture conservation, and the moistening and fertilizer for keeping soil are divided, to the tuber of pinellia
Maturation harvesting.
10. tuber of pinellia U-type groove shallow-layer cultural method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that top dressing opportunity is as follows：1st time,
The neat after seedling of the tuber of pinellia carries out in 3 days；2nd time, carried out when bulbil 70-80% is formed above；3rd time, 3 days after the 1st sprout tumble of the tuber of pinellia
Interior progress；1st ~ 3 30 ~ 50kg/ of composite fertilizer mus of application per acre；The 4th, applies 8-12kg/ mus of urea, in the new full stand seedling of the tuber of pinellia
Shi Jinhang, is spread on native table, when the bulbil and seed for having maturation fall within ground successively, is trained with reference to administration phosphorus, potassium mixed fertilizer
Soil；Tuber of pinellia the middle and late growth stage, sprays 1 0.15-0.25wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every 6 ~ 10 days.
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