CN108812270A - It is a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix - Google Patents
It is a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN108812270A CN108812270A CN201810643906.3A CN201810643906A CN108812270A CN 108812270 A CN108812270 A CN 108812270A CN 201810643906 A CN201810643906 A CN 201810643906A CN 108812270 A CN108812270 A CN 108812270A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix, and the present invention uses cultivation matrix of the decomposed mushroom slag as potting lettuce, and lettuce is not susceptible to disease, does not need spraying pesticide；And the mushroom slag matrix after fermenting can meet the needs of Leaf lettuce is grown to nutrient.The present invention can satisfy the nutrition supply in two to three batches of Leaf lettuces entire growth period, not need to carry out top dressing during plantation, it is only necessary to carry out daily water management, simplify cultivation technique.Planting patterns of the invention is applied widely, and balcony, garden can be used, and can satisfy the Leaf lettuce potting cultivation needs of Various Seasonal.The problem of present invention adds diatomite in matrix, can effectively remove mushroom slag matrix yellow diffusate pollution planting environment after watering, keeps cultivation more purifying, family is facilitated to use；Turf can also be substituted, substrate culture cost is greatly lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant tissue culture technique, and in particular to a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the organic of cultivation matrix
The implantation methods of potting Leaf lettuce.
Background technique
Vegetable, which refers to, to be planted in a constant volume device, and form is graceful, and leaf color is beautiful, not only edible but also great ornamental value
Vegetables.Early in the 1930s, the countries and regions such as Japan, America and Europe begin to research Ornamental Vegetable.With our people
Improvement of living standard, there has also been new to want to security quality, leisure way of living circumstance, edible vegetable etc. by people
It asks, Vegetable graceful, peculiar shape with it, colorful color, safe edible quality, and has extremely strong ornamental value,
Increasingly win people's favor.Vegetable also provides a kind of new entertainment way for people.Potting vegetable at home in recent years
Dish is also quickly grown, especially in metropolis such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou.Eggplant is focused primarily upon for the research of Vegetable at present
Fruit type vegetable, tomato, capsicum, eggplant etc. are less to the research of leaf vegetables, to the researches of potting lettuce.
Leaf lettuce is a kind of non-strong light of happiness, the limitation of resistance to rhizosphere, it is full of nutrition, leaf it is beautiful, can continuous picking time vegetable
Dish.Leaf lettuce or one kind are rich in vitamin, microelement and a large amount of dietary fibers, eat raw, all can cook, and have both raising
The vegetables of the medicinal health value of body immunity are particularly suitable for as the Vegetable in family's garden, balcony.
At present to the implantation methods of potting Leaf lettuce without method detailed, usually according to personal experience and referring to crop field
The method of plantation is planted, and since it does not have specific cultural method as guidance, leads to not to carry out effective rich water
Management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, therefore plant successfully unsuccessfully all have；Planting process does not quantify, and grower is not easy to grasp.Although mesh
The implantation methods of preceding crop field lettuce have exhaustive presentation, but the warm and humid environment of light, the potting media of the growing environment of potting lettuce, family
It is infeasible directly to apply existing implantation methods different from crop field for environment etc..Traditional matrix is most of or selects soil cultivation,
Since the soil weight is larger, causes to carry inconvenience and soil cultivation soil-borne disease is serious, nutritional deficiency, needs continuous
Nutritional supplementation and pesticide application are carried out, for minority using mushroom slag for cultivating matrix, mushroom slag fermentation scheme is simultaneously not perfect.Traditional
Moisture of the mushroom slag fermentation mainly for fermentation, nutrient content, the one-sided factor consideration such as fermenting agent, such as by containing before fermentation
The measurement of water is reached biofermentation target water content by moisturizing, but just has large quantity of moisture evaporation when turning ventilation,
And make fermentation heap that target water content be not achieved；Or the micro- life of fermentation heap is promoted using different brands or the fermenting agent of heterogeneity
Object quantity accelerates the fermenting speed of fermentation heap；Or guarantee that microorganism is normal in fermentation heap by the supplement of nitrogen source or carbon source
Nutrient content required for activity is accelerated to ferment with this.
The upgrowth situation of Leaf lettuce is influenced by many factors, including growing environment, own growth situation, plantation it is close
Degree, fertilising etc., can normally grow in the case where the density of plantation is different, but the character showed is not complete one
It causes, wherein planting density influences Leaf lettuce yield and quality obvious.At this stage, existing research difference Leaf lettuce kind
In the density of Field planting.Greenhouse gardening density dissipates leaf Leaf lettuce and is colonized general strain balling Leaf lettuce at 3300 plants per acre
Line-spacing is in 20~25cm, the purple general seeding row spacing 15cm × 30cm of leaf Leaf lettuce.Therefore through research Leaf lettuce in basin
Planting density, available Leaf lettuce under the conditions of which planting density can get highest yield, best quality.Most
It is planted under conditions of good density, us can not only be made to obtain the optimal Leaf lettuce of eating mouth feel effect, and can have one
Fixed ornamental value.
Under this background, household balcony potting Leaf lettuce implantation methods mainly have following several respects disadvantage：
1, the cultivation matrix of existing potting lettuce directly uses soil, soil hardening in basin, subalimentation, also portable
Pathogen causes lettuce later period nutrition supply insufficient, increases pest and disease damage and infects probability, while also increasing basin body weight and being not easy to remove
Fortune.
2, the cultivation matrix of existing potting lettuce does not clearly state specific matrix formulations (source, patent or text
Chapter), grower is not easy to grasp.
3, existing potting lettuce planting is not clearly stated for cultivating the size of basin body.Basin body is too small can be to lettuce root system
Growth generates inhibition, to inhibit the growth of ground blade；Basin body is excessive, will cause the waste of cultivation matrix, management etc..
4, potting lettuce due to cultivation mesostroma subalimentation, carry the germs of a disease, need to carry out fertilizer supplement and
Spraying pesticide, cultivation requirement that is not only troublesome but also not meeting family's organic vegetable.
5, existing potting lettuce planting not from cultivation matrix preparation, vernalization, nursery, field planting, potting daily management, is received
Quantization, the standardization description obtained.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the plantation of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix
Method, the implantation methods are suitble to household balcony to use, and are compared to the cultural method for imitating field production in the past, basin of the present invention
The implantation methods for planting lettuce are more in line with the actual conditions of family planting, lay a good foundation for the popularization of a wide range of family potted plant.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme：
The present invention provides a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix, described
Implantation methods include the following steps：
(1) vernalization：After the seed-soaking of Leaf lettuce, rinsing, vernalization at a temperature of 15-25 DEG C shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally i.e. to seed
It can sow, be cultivated；
(2) sabot：It is mixed to form seedling medium with water with diatomite after the mushroom slag of fermentation maturity is sieved, is packed into nursery cave
Disk, watering；
(3) it is colonized：When Leaf lettuce seedling length to 3-4 piece true leaf, the seedling medium is packed into cultivation bed, by lettuce
Lettuce seedling is colonized；
(4) cultivation management：It carries out cultivating under the conditions of day temperature is 18-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 10-15 DEG C until adopting
It receives.
Further：The fermentating formula of mushroom slag is in the step (2)：Every cubic metre of mushroom slag adds urea 5kg, water-retaining agent
4kg and stalk fermentation microbial inoculum 250g.
Further：The stalk fermentation microbial inoculum includes lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus and yeast, and effective viable bacteria amount >=
10000000000/g.
Further：It is 1 meter that mushroom slag muck, which is built into bottom width, in the step (2), and upper bottom width is 0.5 meter, is highly
The pile of 0.5 meter of cross section approximation isosceles trapezoid covers silver-colored unregistered land film and ferments.
Further：The initial C/N Ratio control of the fermentation is between 25: 1 to 35: 1.
Further：The water content of the mushroom slag fermentation is controlled in 55%-60%.
Further：The fermentation temperature is 50 DEG C -60 DEG C, and average turning in every ten days is primary, is fermented 20-23 days.
Further：The mushroom slag and diatomite are mixed according to the ratio of volume ratio 10: 1.
Further：The Leaf lettuce is according to 28 plants/m2Density be colonized into cultivation matrix, moisture supplement.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention and advantageous effects are：
1, the present invention is pure organic planting patterns, is able to produce out organic lettuce.
Conventional soil cultivation has the problems such as serious soil-borne disease and insufficient nutrient, and the present invention uses decomposed mushroom slag
As potting lettuce cultivation matrix, mushroom slag matrix nutrient content is significantly larger than conventional soil and some commercially available cultivation matrixes, basin
It plants Leaf lettuce and is not susceptible to disease, do not need spraying pesticide；And mushroom slag matrix is relatively fermented for plant using nutrient after fermenting
Increase before, is at least able to satisfy two to three batches of Leaf lettuce growths, no longer needs to during the cultivation management in later period into matrix
Add nutrient, it is only necessary to meet the water demand of plant growth, organic lettuce can be produced.Substantially increase the letter of operation
Just property.
2, implantation methods are easy, learn convenient for consumer and practice, and management is simple.
It can satisfy the nutrition supply in lettuce entire growth period, nutrient supply using the plantation that the present invention carries out potting lettuce
Period is long, does not need to carry out top dressing during plantation, simplifies cultivation technique, it is only necessary to carry out daily water management.
3, planting patterns of the invention is applied widely, and balcony, garden can be used, and the leaf that can satisfy Various Seasonal is used
Lettuce potting cultivation needs.It is alternatively arranged as family, middle and primary schools' biological species second classroom pot-herb cultivation potting teaching mould.
Balcony belongs to the poor a part of load-bearing capacity in building structure, is exactly firstly the need of consideration in balcony planting
The lightweight problem of cultivation matrix, matrix of the present invention compare traditional soil cultivation, and weight reduces 67%, complete
It can satisfy the requirement of balcony cultivation safety in production entirely.
4, the present invention is confirmed by many experiments, after addition diatomite can effectively remove the watering of mushroom slag matrix in matrix
The colored problem of diffusate, keeps cultivation matrix more purifying, family is facilitated to use；Turf can also be substituted, base is greatly lowered
Matter cultivates cost, guarantees that family's planting environment is not contaminated.
5, in terms of cultivating container, by changing traditional planting type, according to Leaf lettuce root characteristics, design can
Meet Leaf lettuce growth, and the Potted-plant container of occupied space size can be reduced as far as possible, reduces balcony load-bearing and space hold.
Substrate fermentation formula of the present invention is that addition urea, water-retaining agent and stalk fermentation are special into every cubic metre of mushroom slag matrix
It is 1 meter that mushroom slag muck, which is built into bottom width, after being mixed with fermenting agent, and upper bottom width is 0.5 meter, and the highly cross section for 0.5 meter is close
Like the pile of isosceles trapezoid, covers mulch and ferment.The organic planting patterns of Leaf lettuce potting of the present invention：By fermentation maturity
Mushroom slag fills basin after being mixed well according to 10: 1 volume ratio and diatomite；The vernalization under certain condition of Leaf lettuce seed
Afterwards, according to 28 plants/m2It is colonized in the cultivation bed for being already filled with matrix, the potted plant management in 18-25 DEG C of environment, only carries out moisture
Supplement.Screening technique of the present invention is built upon on scientific experiment basis, and by specific screening illustration into
Row screening determines.The present invention may be applied not only to the fermentation of sawdust mushroom residue as main component, it may also be used for family potted plant
The plantation of crop can have and promote organic agriculture waste utilization efficiency and the effect that reduces environmental pollution and be family's basin
It plants Leaf lettuce and reliable reference frame is provided.Therefore technical solution of the present invention has a good application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the purifying effect added diatomite and pour fermentation mushroom slag for cultivating substrate water percolate；
Fig. 2 is the picking time Leaf lettuce plant under different potting density.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
One, as the mushroom slag fermentation of matrix
Mushroom slag as cultivation matrix has to the physicochemical property stablized and be suitable for, however non-fermentation maturity mushroom slag
Physicochemical property is not able to satisfy the demand of plant growth, it is therefore desirable to carry out sufficient fermentation maturity to mushroom slag.
Matrix used in the present invention is the mushroom residue obtained after being harvested using sawdust as the mushroom of primary raw material, the fermentation of mushroom residue
Mode uses strip style fermentation, i.e., on smooth ground, according to the size of cultivated area, determines suitable mushroom slag fermentation amount,
It is 1m that fermentation heap, which is piled bottom width, and upper bottom width is 0.5m, the highly pile for the cross section approximation isosceles trapezoid of 0.5m, is covered
Lid is the silver-colored unregistered land film of 1.2m with a thickness of 1.2S, width, and turning in every ten days is primary.
1, moisture
Moisture has highly important effect in substrate fermentation digest process, and moisture serves not only as in microbiota metabolic activity
The solvent of required each substance in necessary substance and fermentation process.If moisture content is low, it is unable to satisfy micro- life
The demand of object metabolism can reduce the venting capability of fermentation heap if moisture content is high, cause fermentation heap anaerobic fermentation to generate more
Hydrogen sulfide gas, reduce the speed of organic matter degradation, and then delay the fermenting speed of fermentation heap.Opposite in yeasting contains
When water is lower than 8%-12%, the activity of microorganism will stop, if relative water content is greater than 65% or less than 40%, micro- life
The activity decline of object, the decomposition of organic matter are hindered.Range of the initial water content general control of fermentation heap in 50%-60%
It is interior to have preferable ferment effect.In order to preferably prevent scattering and disappearing in turning moisture, certain sylvite is added in fermentation
Type water-retaining agent.
The present invention has carried out experiment of single factor for fermentation heap original water content on the basis of many experiments, passes through control
Water content in fermentation heap processed probes into influence of the different waters to fermentation heap ferment effect.The basis for measuring fermentation heap first contains
Water determines that a series of gradients are arranged in the moisture required supplementation with further according to the target water content of fermentation heap.
Calculation formula is as follows：W=W1[X1/(1-X1)-X2/(1-X2)].W：It adds clear water quality (kg)；W1：Fermentation starting
Mushroom slag dry weight (kg)；X1：Mushroom slag target moisture content (%)；X2：Mushroom slag moisture basis content (%).Finally draw a conclusion, this hair
The bright selected mushroom residue based on sawdust ferment effect when water content is 55%-60% or so is best.In the water content
Under reach 50 DEG C required for the time it is most short, fermentation temperature highest, the time longest greater than 50 DEG C, required fermentation time is most
It is short.Therefore of the invention to determine that the mushroom residue fermentation water content based on sawdust is 55%-60% by experiment and calculating, that is, guarantee
In fermentation, every cubic metre of fermentation substrate weight in wet base is between 910kg-1100kg.
2. nitrogen source
Nitrogen source currently used for substrate fermentation mainly has inorganic nitrogen-sourced and two kinds of organic nitrogen source.People is real before the study by the present invention
On the basis of testing, by the screening to a variety of nitrogen source types and dosage, comprehensively consider cultivation place and operation convenience etc. because
5 kilograms of urea are added in element, the final every 1 cubic metre of fermentation heap of nitrogen source determined using urea as fermentation heap.
3.C/N
C/N is a vital factor during fermentation maturity, it embodies carbon and nitrogen in fermentation heap
Relative ratio, the ratio of C/N decide fermentation maturity time, the temperature change in fermentation process and the fermentation maturity object of fermentation heap
Quality.If C/N ratio is excessively high, illustrates that carbon surplus nitrogen lacks unbalanced nutrition in fermentation heap, cause microorganism in fermentation process
In can aoxidize excessive carbon, reduce the speed of organic matter degradation in fermentation heap, extend the fermentation time of fermentation heap；C/N's
Ratio is too low, this illustrates nitrogen nutrition surplus, and with the rising of fermentation heap fermentation temperature, the nitrogen in fermentation heap will be converted to
Ammonia is vapored away in a manner of gas, leads to the missing of fermentation heap nitrogen, then eventually leading to the nitrogen content drop of tunning
It is low.So fermenting initial C/N Ratio control between 25: 1 to 35: 1.
4. temperature
Temperature can not only influence to ferment, can also be used as judge fermentation whether complete index.If fermentation heap temperature is low,
The metabolic activity of microorganism is then influenced, and then cannot effective oxygenolysis organic matter.It will lead to one if temperature is excessively high
Biology is killed by high temperature slightly, prevents partial organic substances from effectively decomposing.So suitable temperature is that organic matter can have completely
Imitate the necessary condition of degradation.Keep microorganism living in the range of 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C so requirement of the fermentation heap to temperature is controlled
Property.Decomposed fermentation is an exothermic process, if handle to fermentation heap and will lead to fermentation in decomposed fermentation process
The constant temperature of heap body rises, and can reach 75 DEG C to 80 DEG C.This will will lead to consuming excessively for the internal organic matter that ferments.Institute
To carry out turning in time during the fermentation, so that temperature temporarily reduces, it is more advantageous to organic matter and effectively degrades.
5. microbial inoculum
It is exactly the process of bacteria metabolism for decomposed fermentation to a certain extent, passes through the metabolic process of microorganism
To realize the oxygenolysis of organic matter.So in fermentation heap microorganism metabolism power decide aerobic fermentation quality and when
Between.If adding a certain amount of inoculating microbe when being fermented, that is, a certain amount of microbial inoculum is added, is promoted in fermentation heap
Micro organism quantity, thus reach promote fermentation heap aerobic fermentation process.The present invention uses stalk by screening, final determine
Fermenting agent, the stalk fermentation microbial inoculum include lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus and yeast, effective viable bacteria amount >=10,000,000,000/g.Often
1m3Fermentation heap adds microbial inoculum 250g.
In summary the factor of various aspects, the present invention are mushroom by a series of mushroom slag fermentation method that screenings finally determine
Slag fermentating formula is：Every cubic metre of mushroom slag addition urea 5kg, 4kg water-retaining agent (water-retaining agent main component is polyacrylic acid potassium) and
It is one meter that mushroom slag muck is built into bottom width after mixing by 250g stalk fermentation microbial inoculum, and it is highly 0.5 meter that upper bottom width, which is 0.5 meter,
The pile of cross section approximation isosceles trapezoid, cladding thickness 1.2S, width are that the silver-colored unregistered land film of 1.2m ferments.Fermentation is initial
C/N Ratio control between 25: 1 to 35: 1, in fermentation process control water content between 50%-60%, fermentation temperature is
50 DEG C -60 DEG C, average turning in every ten days is primary, ferments 20-23 days.
Two, the physicochemical property of mushroom slag after fermenting
Decomposed processing is carried out to mushroom slag after determining the above mushroom slag substrate fermentation additive, laboratory data shows that mushroom slag exists
After everfermentation, certain variation is had occurred in physicochemical property, compared to plant growth is more suitable for before fermentation, closer to ideal base
Matter physicochemical property range.
1, physical and chemical property determining method
The beaker weighing W1 of volume V=200ml is taken, the mixed good matrix for filling it up with and (flushing with beaker mouth) natural air drying claims
Weight W2, is sealed with two layers of gauze, is completely submerged in water 24 hours, weighing W3 is taken out under saturation state, by the wet yarn of sealing
Cloth weighing W4, is inverted after gauze is encased beaker, drains the W5 that weighs when no water droplet goes out naturally when the water in beaker.By following public affairs
Formula calculates bulk density and porosity：
Bulk density BD (g/cm3)=(W2-W1)/V；
Total porosity TP (%)=(W3-W2)/V × 100；
Ventilating slit AFP (%)=(W3+W4-W5)/V × 100；
Water holding hole WRP (%)=total porosity-ventilating slit；
Available nitrogen is measured using alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method；Using the anti-colour developing spectrophotometry measurement speed of sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony
Imitate phosphorus content；Available potassium uses ammonium acetate-flare photometer.Mushroom slag matrix pH value U.S. Spectrum soil in-situ pH
Meter measurement, EC value are measured with the portable salinity instrument of U.S. Spectrum.
2, fermentation front and back physicochemical property data analysis
For mushroom slag after by fermentation maturity, apparent improvement is had occurred in physicochemical character.As shown in table 1.Mushroom slag is passing through
After fermentation, bulk density has a degree of rising.The total porosity variation of matrix is simultaneously little, but aeration porosity declines, and holds
Water pore volume rises, and illustrates matrix after everfermentation, whole venting capability dies down.PH value is become by original acidity
Neutral souring, pH value range required for being suitble to most vegetables to plant.EC value falls below 2.5mS/cm hereinafter, belonging to reason
Think the EC value range of cultivation matrix requirement.CEC has apparent rising, illustrates that the fertilizer conservation performance of matrix has and is obviously improved.
Physical and chemical properties change before and after 1 mushroom slag fermentation of table
After also passing through decomposed fermentation, the nutritional ingredient of mushroom slag is also changed.Using sawdust as the perfume (or spice) of primary raw material
Mushroom slag is after everfermentation, organic matter 20.8-23.1g/kg, full nitrogen 10.47-11.56g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 1.26-1.86g/kg, speed
Imitate phosphorus 973.36-1034.20mg/kg, available potassium 2.94-3.62g/kg, pH6.61-6.83, bulk density 0.41g/cm3, porosity
83.92-85.22%.And the basic physicochemical character value of common vegetable soil is only：Organic matter 17.72g/kg, full nitrogen 1.88g/
Kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 150.09mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 140.07mg/kg, available potassium 196.83mg/kg, pH6.96, bulk density 1.24g/
cm3, porosity 53.19%.The physicochemical character of even commercially available quality vegetables cultivation matrix is also only available nitrogen 386.9mg/kg
(351.6-386.9mg/kg), rapid available phosphorus 211.5mg/kg (180.2-211.5mg/kg), available potassium 826.5mg/kg (690.8-
826.5mg/kg)。
In general, it is higher than common rural area soil and commercially available vegetable on nutrient content by the mushroom slag of abundant fermentation maturity
Dish cultivation matrix.Available N-P potassium content is increased, and illustrates to rise through the available N-P-K content of everfermentation mushroom slag.Have
Machine matter and C/N content are not much different after fermentation.
Three, the purifying processing using fermentation mushroom slag as potting media
As fermentation mushroom slag carries out gradually increasing for potting as matrix, since this kind of matrix is rich in organic matter, will send out
Bronzing liquid can be oozed out outward in later period watering proce after matrix dress basin after ferment, affect the ornamental valence of potting media
Value.The ingredients such as the organic molecule in the solution of these colour developings containing minerals, containing charcoal.For these ingredients, the present invention by pair
Fermentation mushroom slag carries out decolorizing purification processing to it using kieselguhr adsorption method, to reach the target of purifying treatment effect.
It probes into and verifies by the present invention is a series of, successfully solve household basin on the basis of guaranteeing original ferment effect
The colored problem of matrix (mushroom slag) watering diffusate is planted, the present invention can according to the mixing of the ratio of matrix and diatomite volume ratio 10: 1
To realize the better effects adsorbed to mushroom slag percolate color, realize the purifying processing of potting media, and innovation research at
Fruit provides strong data to the purifying research and exploration of Modern Family's gardening potting media.
In conjunction with family potted plant actual conditions, the present invention further deeply probes into and diatomite is directly appended in flowerpot, tests
Demonstrate,prove its decolorizing effect.As shown in Figure 1, the decolorizing effect in the way of mushroom slag being uniformly mixed with diatomite by 10: 1 volume ratio
It is obvious that liquid color is almost consistent with clear water, and free from admixture is suspended in liquid, and diatomite is directly laid in potting bottom
Effect liquid obtained by portion is unobvious, and color is still yellowish-brown, therefore is drawn a conclusion：Because mushroom slag usage amount is larger, mass ratio is used
It is not easy to calculate, so mushroom slag and diatomite are all made of cubic meter (or cubic centimetre etc.) as volume unit.Using mushroom slag
The addition manner being uniformly mixed with the ratio that diatomite volume ratio is 10: 1 can most reach decolorizing effect.
Embodiment 2, leaf potting lettuce planting
Of the present invention by the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix of decomposed mushroom slag includes following
Step：
1. vernalization
After Leaf lettuce seed-soaking, decontamination and shrivelled seed are floated, and will be viscous on the kind skin of full seed with hand
Liquid is washed by rubbing with the hands completely, washes Germination Inhibitors, and rinsed well with clear water.Then the vernalization at 15-25 DEG C, in pregermination procedure
It is rinsed daily with clear water, showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed can sow, and be cultivated.
2. sabot
Select the rectangular 105 hole hole tray of cavities of high-quality PVC material its with a thickness of 40mm, the method for the present invention fermentation maturity mistake will be used
The mushroom slag cross 4 mesh sub-sieves removal larger particles, be that 10: 1 additions and are mixed matrix with water diatomite according to volume ratio,
Have between gently holding agglomerating finger with hand and drips.The seedling medium mixed is fitted into seedling culture hole plate and is struck off with plank, should not be pressed
Too consolidation.Hole tray is sprinkled profoundly water, the cave of 0.5cm depth, the mushroom slag matrix after after planting covering the fermentation of mixing are pressed.
3. field planting
When Leaf lettuce seedling 3-4 piece true leaf, 70cm × 40cm × 15cm rectangle cultivation bed is chosen, is initially charged with 1/
The uniformly mixed matrix of 2 basins, lettuce seedling is put into basin according to 28 plants/m2Density be colonized, be reloaded into remaining base
Matter is attached to from basin along the depths 2cm, flushes with lettuce seedling rhizosphere.
Since balcony potting needs to be chronically under low photoenvironment, it is close that cultivation is needed to pay attention to when being colonized
Degree, reasonable planting density is beneficial to promote the quality of Leaf lettuce, and can obtain certain appreciation effect.Fig. 2 can be with
Find out, the plant of low-density cultivation group is obviously bigger than high density group.Especially overground part plant forms, 8 plants (i.e. 28 of every potting
Strain/m2) preferable appreciation effect can be reached, balcony potting Leaf lettuce not only needs certain ornamental value, but also its yield
It is a highly important standard.Clearly find out that single plant yield is reduced with the reduction of planting density from table 2, but yield
Highest appears in 8 plants/basin (i.e. 28 plants/m2).Therefore in Leaf lettuce potting field planting, by taking cultivation bed of the present invention as an example, cultivation
Density be determined as 8 plants/basin can reach preferable cultivation effect (in practical cultivation, should be according to different cultivating facilities
Area is according to 28 plants/m2Density criterion is colonized).
4. Leaf lettuce cultivation management
Leaf lettuce seed is more low temperature resistant, can germinate at 4 DEG C, but neat for guarantor germination, most suitable vernalization temperature
Degree is 15-25 DEG C.After emergence, the growth preference temperature of Leaf lettuce potted plant is 18-25 DEG C of daytime, night is 10-15 DEG C,
Then grown more than 25 DEG C poor, the food value of leaf is slightly old, slightly bitter taste.
5. harvest
Potting Leaf lettuce can split receipts, i.e., it is edible only to harvest big blade, allow its continued growth, carry out continuing harvesting；
Receipts can also be cut, i.e., whole strain disposably harvests.
Influence of the different planting densities of table 2 to Leaf lettuce yield
Embodiment 3
1. the application on different leaf color Leaf lettuce variety cultures
1.1 different leaf color potting lettuce morphological index measurements
3 potting Leaf lettuce plant forms index of table
Purple leaf varieties of lettuce plant type is more carried out as shown in Table 3, and blade is larger, the number of blade relative to green variety compared with
It is few, it is suitable for ornamental.Green variety strain width is larger with respect to purple kind, reaches 37.8cm, and leaf is long, leaf width is relatively small, edible
Blade quantity is more, and average out to 36.4.This shows that the method for the present invention is suitable for the potting of common different leaf color Leaf lettuces, symbol
Close kind self character, the equal normal growth of plant.
The nutritional quality of the 1.2 edible blades of different leaf color Leaf lettuces
The Nutrition quality indicator of the 4 edible blade of potting Leaf lettuce of table
Purple leaf varieties of lettuce soluble sugar content is 0.93% as shown in Table 4, Vitamin C content 62.42mg/
100g, content are higher.The soluble sugar content of green variety is lower than purple kind, and ascorbic content is 55.78mg/100g,
Soluble protein content and purple kind are not much different.The Chlorophyll and anthocyanidin content of edible blade also show kind sheet
Body characteristic.This shows that the method for the present invention is suitable for the potting of common different leaf color Leaf lettuces, the edible blade of two leaf color kinds
Nutritional quality is preferable, meets kind self character, is suitable for edible.
The yield of 1.3 different leaf color Leaf lettuces
The different leaf color potting lettuce yield of table 5
The single-strain fresh weight of purple kind is 143g, total dry weight 7.9g as shown in Table 5；The fresh weight of green variety is
209.4g, yield is higher, total dry weight 10.9g.This shows that the method for the present invention is suitable for common different leaf color Leaf lettuces
The yield of potting, two leaf color kinds is preferable, meets kind self character, is suitable for edible.
2. the application in the cultivation of Various Seasonal potting Leaf lettuce
The measurement of 2.1 Various Seasonal potting lettuce morphological indexs
The morphological index of 6 Various Seasonal potting lettuce of table
Spring and autumn progress potting lettuce planting growing way is preferable, is not much different.Spring strain width relatively carry out, the long leaf width of leaf compared with
Greatly, the number of blade is 24.7；Autumn potting lettuce strain width is 33.6cm, and the long leaf width of leaf is relatively small, and the number of blade is 25.3.Cause
This, using the method for the present invention, Leaf lettuce kind meets kind self character in spring and autumn energy normal growth.
The measurement of the 2.2 Various Seasonal potting lettuce index of quality
The edible leaf nutrition index of quality of 7 potting Leaf lettuce of table
As shown in table 7, spring potting lettuce soluble sugar content is 1.47%, and the content relative to autumn culture is higher,
Vitamin C content spring and autumn is not much different, and soluble protein content spring is slightly higher, is 11.29mg/g.Therefore, using this hair
Bright method, Leaf lettuce kind is preferable in spring and autumn edible leaf nutrition quality, meets kind self character.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those of ordinary skill in the art, still can be to aforementioned implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these are modified or replace
It changes, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix, it is characterised in that the plantation
Method includes the following steps：
（1）Vernalization：After the seed-soaking of Leaf lettuce, rinsing, vernalization at a temperature of 15-25 DEG C, showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed can be broadcast
Kind, it is cultivated；
（2）Sabot：It is mixed to form seedling medium with water with diatomite after the mushroom slag of fermentation maturity is sieved, is packed into seedling culture hole plate,
Watering；
（3）Field planting：When Leaf lettuce seedling length to 3-4 piece true leaf, the seedling medium is packed into cultivation bed, by lettuce children
Seedling is colonized；
（4）Cultivation management：It carries out cultivating under the conditions of day temperature is 18-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 10-15 DEG C until harvesting.
2. it is according to claim 1 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The step（2）The fermentating formula of middle mushroom slag is：Every cubic metre of mushroom slag addition urea 5kg, water-retaining agent 4kg and straw
Stalk fermenting agent 250g.
3. it is according to claim 2 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The stalk fermentation microbial inoculum includes lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus and yeast, effective viable bacteria Liang≤10,000,000,000/g.
4. it is according to claim 1 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The step（2）Middle mushroom slag muck is built into bottom width is 1 meter, and upper bottom width is 0.5 meter, is highly 0.5 meter of cross
The pile of section approximation isosceles trapezoid covers silver-colored unregistered land film and ferments.
5. it is according to claim 3 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The initial C/N Ratio control of the fermentation is 25:1 to 35:Between 1.
6. it is according to claim 3 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The water content of the mushroom slag fermentation is controlled in 55%-60%.
7. it is according to claim 3 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The fermentation temperature is 50 DEG C -60 DEG C, and average turning in every ten days is primary, is fermented 20-23 days.
8. it is according to claim 1 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The mushroom slag and diatomite are according to volume ratio 10:1 ratio mixing.
9. it is according to claim 1 using decomposed mushroom slag as the implantation methods of organic potting Leaf lettuce of cultivation matrix,
It is characterized in that：The Leaf lettuce is according to 28 plants/m2Density be colonized into cultivation matrix, moisture supplement.
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