CN103947460B - A kind of field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata - Google Patents
A kind of field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of field production method of efficient Stropharia rugoso-annulata, comprise the making of cultivated species, the selection in land for growing field crops and pretreatment, do ridge, inoculation, the covering of rice husk, soil and straw, hair tube reason and management of producing mushroom.Survival rate of the present invention is high, and cultivating rate is high, and fruiting is even, stable yield, and product quality is better, and production cost is low, and it is convenient to implement, and can use in rural area large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungi cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of field production method of efficient Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
Background technology
Stropharia rugoso-annulata (Stropharia rugosoannulataFarlow ex Murrill) is subordinate to Basidiomycota (Basidomycota), Hymenomycetes (Hymenomycetes), Agaricales (Agaricales), Strophariaceae (Strophariaceae), Stropharia (Stropharia).Have another name called Stropharia rugoso annulata, wrinkle Stropharia rugoso-annulata, wine lid Stropharia rugoso-annulata, garden giant, Burgundy mushroom, Godzilla mushroom and Stropharia rugoso-annulata king etc., one of ten large mushroom classes on international mushroom class trade market, be distributed in Europe and North America widely, also there is distribution on the ground such as Southwestern China and northeast.Its body colour is gorgeous, leg slightly covers fertilizer, meat exquisiteness is tender and crisp, smooth good to eat, nutritious, is the dark ace-high mushroom of a class.
China starts introducing and planting the nineties in 20th century, and there is a large amount of cultivation in existing Fujian, Guangxi, Hebei, Sichuan, zhejiang and other places district.In recent years cultivation situation shows, the anti-strong stress resistance of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, has stronger anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability, and culture technique requires simply extensive, and the source of culturing raw material is also abundanter.But not high just because of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation conditional request, too simple and extensive in mushroom agriculture cultivation, cause the overall fruiting of Stropharia rugoso-annulata uneven, gross yield is not high, inferior quality.
The cultivation management related in existing Stropharia rugoso-annulata patented technology is actually rare.As: CN101595808A, CN101595809A, CN1875682A.CN101595808A discloses a kind of land for growing field crops cultural method of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind, in outdoor environment, insert composts or fertilisers of cultivating directly in land for growing field crops, finally grows generation mycelia by bacterium original seed and obtains cultivated species; Although this method is easy to operate, the just cultivation of cultivated species, do not relate to cultivated species make after cultivation.CN101595809A discloses a kind of land for growing field crops high-yield cultivating method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, but the complicated and trouble of the plant formulation that requires of this method, manufacturing process labour intensity is also comparatively large, is not too suitable for " lazy crops " pattern.CN1875682A seems comparatively complicated equally for the cultivation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, and operational administrative has certain difficulty.
Therefore, need a kind of can the method for, cost low cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata easy, efficient large Tanaka, and can make that survival rate is high, fruiting evenly, stable yield, superior product quality.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of field production method of efficient Stropharia rugoso-annulata.The inventive method is easy, efficient, cost is low, can make that survival rate is high, fruiting evenly, stable yield, superior product quality.
The field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) select fertile soil, sunshine is sufficient, the soil is porous farmland does cultivation land for growing field crops, large plant and animal residues and bulk chad in weeding before cultivation, cleaning soil, control soil pH value at 5.0-6.0;
2) ridge is done in field: ridge height 15-30cm, row spacing 50-80cm, and distance between the ridges is 30-50cm; Centre is slightly high, and both sides are slightly low; Further preferably: ridge height 20cm, row spacing 60cm, distance between the ridges is 40cm;
3) be inoculated on face, ridge by stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind, bacterial classification is advisable with pigeon eggs size, adopts bunch planting method, every ridge inoculation 2-5 capable (preferably 3 row), inoculum concentration 600-800g/m
2;
4) cover the rice husk through fermentation and sterilization, thick 2-4cm, described rice husk water content is 35%-40%;
5) cover field soil, this soil is called earthing, and described earthing requires fertile soil and loosens, without obvious plant and animal residues, and thick about 2-4cm, described earthing water content keeps being about 35%-40%; Carry out jack, jack size is 5-12/m simultaneously
2, preferably 10/m
2;
6) on the basis of earthing, the inoculation of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind is carried out again, the same step 3) of vaccination ways, inoculum concentration 400-500g/m
2;
7) straw is added a cover in face, ridge, and thickness is 2-4cm (preventing seed and earthing by rain drop erosion); Described straw water content is about 60-70%;
8) build booth in field, add a cover sunshade net (preventing strong illumination); Described sunshade net is 2-4 gauge, preferably 3 gauge;
9) bacterium is sent out: this process is carried out in natural conditions, keep tectal moistening, controlled light intensity is 100-200 lux, sunlight excessively strong (intensity of illumination >250 lux) then Shading net covering, does not then take off sunshade net time strong (intensity of illumination <100 lux);
10) management in fruiting stage: soil moisture controls the 90%-98% at field capacity, in booth, humidity air humid control is at 85%-95%, temperature 18-26 DEG C; Follow the principle of illumination " three points of sun seven seconds ", control in 100-200 lux;
The fruiting phase probably occurred in inoculation after 45 days, now mycelia amount reproduction in ridge, and occurred less former base successively, and fruit body starts to break up fruiting subsequently, should note the management of illumination and humidity during fruiting.
11) management in young stage mushroom phase: after fruiting, soil moisture controls the 85%-90% at field capacity, and in booth, humidity air humid control is at 75%-80%, and illumination controls in 200-300 lux, and temperature is not higher than 27 DEG C;
Enter the young mushroom phase after the general 5-10 of fruiting after date days, period should note the management of temperature, humidity and illumination.
12) picking time: in time the hole that bacterium bed stays is filled after Stropharia rugoso-annulata of gathering, remove residual mushroom;
Children's mushroom after date just enters picking time, when the outer one deck mycoderm of Stropharia rugoso-annulata cap just breaks, gathers during the involute and non-parachute-opening of cap.When adopting mushroom with finger pinch bacterium pin turn gently several under, then live substrate with another hand and upwards pull up, the hole that after gathering, bacterium bed stays fills in time, removes residual mushroom.
13) then according to the stage management of fruiting phase, young mushroom phase to succeeding tide mushroom of gathering, 2-4 tide mushroom of can gathering continuously.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in the fermentation and sterilization process of rice husk that adopts be: select free of contamination rice husk then, shine 2-3 days in the sun, play object that is dry and primary sterilization.Add lime 1-3kg in every 100kg water to stir evenly, then rice husk put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out drain for subsequent use.Adopt high-temperature pressure sterilizing afterwards, 3-5h.Further optimum condition is: add lime 2kg in every 100kg water and stir evenly, then rice husk is put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out drain for subsequent use.Adopt high-temperature pressure sterilizing afterwards, 3-5h.
The condition of culture of Stropharia rugoso-annulata of the present invention bacterial classification at different levels is temperature 14-22 DEG C, and air humidity is 50-70%, unglazed photograph, gravity-flow ventilation; Test tube kind 30-40 days full packages, original seed 30-40 days full bottles, cultivated species 20-30 days purseful; Should use in 15 days after bacterial classification covers with as far as possible, otherwise will carry out appropriate preservation, storage conditions is: temperature 2-4 DEG C, and humidity air humidity is 40-50%, gravity-flow ventilation, dark.
The advantage of cultivation method of the present invention is:
(1) whole plantation operating process is all carried out in field, the basis of Conventional wisdom plantation specify that more human intervention condition, and specify that the concrete numerical value of larger quantities influence factor, make the artificial cultivation of the cultivation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata more to controlled close.
(2) whole process all completes in field, and by the simple improvement of appropriateness, a lot of farmland all possesses cultivation condition.
(3) what auxiliary material was selected is rice husk and straw, wide material sources, and the waste utilization in being produced by traditional farming, has certain ecological benefits and economic benefit.
(4) feature by rice husk, straw self assists fruiting, is a kind of thinking of bionic cultivation, effectively can eliminate the impact of some uncertain factors, improves fruiting success rate.
(5) whole planting process is fairly simple, and can keep the stable fruiting continued.
Embodiment
The embodiment of form by the following examples, is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention again, illustrates but does not limit the present invention.
Carrying out the bacterial classification preparation of cultivated species the Field inoculation previous moon: the condition of culture of bacterial classification at different levels is temperature 14-22 DEG C, and air humidity is 50-70%, unglazed photograph, gravity-flow ventilation; Test tube kind 30-40 days full packages, original seed 30-40 days full bottles, cultivated species 20-30 days purseful; Should use in 15 days after bacterial classification covers with as far as possible, otherwise will carry out appropriate preservation, storage conditions is: temperature 2-4 DEG C, and humidity air humidity is 40-50%, gravity-flow ventilation, dark.
The Field inoculation time is different with the difference in cultivation place, and the general Sichuan Basin is annual autumn sowing is the 8-9 month.Various places planting time can according to meet meet Stropharia rugoso-annulata of the present invention cultivation method field temperature, humidity, illumination management requirement select.
Be explained in detail technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, object is to help reader to understand the present invention better, but not as the restriction to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1) inventor is in July, 2013 in Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences's production of hybrid seeds, cultivates, 80 mu, planning area at the beginning of 8 months in the sowing of Long Xing town, Chengdu Chongzhou City Experimental Base.
2) field weeding clear up plant and animal residues large in soil and large chad, measures and finds that experiment field pH is 5.6, suitable cultivation.
3) land for growing field crops is carried out field after putting in order and is done ridge, and setting ridge height 20cm, row spacing 60cm, distance between the ridges is 40cm, and centre is slightly high, and both sides are slightly low.
4) be inoculated on face, ridge by the stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind prepared, adopt bunch planting method, 3 row are inoculated on every ridge, and inoculum concentration is set as 700g/m
2.
5) cover the rice husk through fermentation and sterilization, thick 3cm, described rice husk water content is 35%-40%.
6) cover field soil, the thick about 2-4cm of earthing, carries out jack (10/m simultaneously
2), described earthing water content keeps being about 35%-40%.
7) on the basis of earthing, carry out the inoculation of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind again, vaccination ways with step 5, inoculum concentration 450g/m
2.
8) straw is added a cover in face, ridge, thick 2-4cm, prevents seed and earthing by rain drop erosion.And build booth in field, add a cover sunshade net, prevent strong illumination.Straw water content is about 60-70%, and sunshade net is 3 gauge.
9) send out bacterium process to carry out in natural conditions, regulate the temperature whenever necessary, keep tectal moistening, temperature is with natural temperature, and sunlight crosses strong then Shading net covering, then takes off sunshade net time not strong.
10) after inoculating 40 days, mycelia amount reproduction in ridge, and there is less former base successively, fruit body starts to break up fruiting subsequently, soil moisture controls the 90%-98% at field capacity, and humidity air humid control is at 85%-95%, and illumination controls in 100-200 lux.
11) enter the young mushroom phase after 5-10 days, the moisture 85%-90% in field, temperature not higher than 27 degree, controlled light 200-300 lux.
12) young mushroom after date just enters picking time, when the outer one deck mycoderm of Stropharia rugoso-annulata cap just breaks, gathers during the involute and non-parachute-opening of cap.When adopting mushroom with finger pinch bacterium pin turn gently several under, then live substrate with another hand and upwards pull up, the hole that after gathering, bacterium bed stays fills in time, removes residual mushroom.Gather after first mushroom, carried out moisturizing, made water content reach 85%-90%, two damp mushrooms can have been received, 2-4 tide mushroom of on average can gathering continuously.
After measured, Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting starts from mid-October, is continued until in by the end of March, 2014, every per mu yield average out to 2876.8kg.
Cultivation method of the present invention has the advantages such as survival rate is high, fruiting even, stable yield, superior product quality.The relatively traditional cultivation method of cultivation method of the present invention in cultivation period, survival rate, biological transformation ratio, product quality aspect is all improved largely; Compared with the cultivation method that cultivation method of the present invention and CN101595809A disclose, the planting material Easy dosing that the planting material of cultivation method of the present invention uses compared with CN101595809A, use only straw, but in cultivation period, survival rate, biological transformation ratio, product quality aspect effect is suitable.
Concrete test and appraisal data are as follows:
Remarks: cultivation period refers to from step 3) inoculation, complete to gathering.
To sum up, the invention provides a kind of field production method of efficient Stropharia rugoso-annulata, comprise the making of cultivated species, the selection in land for growing field crops and pretreatment, do ridge, inoculation, the covering of rice husk, soil and straw, hair tube reason and management of producing mushroom.Method of operating of the present invention is easy, and planting material use only straw, has survival rate high, and cultivating rate is high, and fruiting is even, stable yield, the good advantage of product quality, and production cost is low, and it is convenient to implement, and can use in rural area large-scale popularization.
Claims (9)
1. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, comprises the steps:
1) select fertile soil, sunshine is sufficient, the soil is porous farmland does cultivation land for growing field crops, large plant and animal residues and bulk chad in weeding before cultivation, cleaning soil, control soil pH value at 5.0-6.0;
2) ridge is done in field: ridge height 15-30cm, row spacing 50-80cm, and distance between the ridges is 30-50cm;
3) be inoculated on face, ridge by stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind, bacterial classification is advisable with pigeon eggs size, adopts bunch planting method, and every ridge inoculation 2-5 is capable, inoculum concentration 600-800g/m
2;
4) cover the rice husk through fermentation and sterilization, thick 2-4cm, described rice husk water content is 35%-40%;
5) cover field soil, earthing requires fertile soil and loosens, without obvious plant and animal residues, and thick 2-4cm, described earthing water content is 35%-40%; Carry out jack simultaneously;
6) on the basis of earthing, the inoculation of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind is carried out again, the same step 3) of vaccination ways, inoculum concentration 400-500g/m
2;
7) straw is added a cover in face, ridge, and thickness is 2-4cm; Described straw water content is 60-70%;
8) build booth in field, add a cover sunshade net; Described sunshade net is 2-4 gauge;
9) send out bacterium: this process is carried out in natural conditions, keep tectal moistening, controlled light intensity is 100-200 lux;
10) management in fruiting stage: soil moisture controls the 90%-98% at field capacity, in booth, humidity air humid control is at 85%-95%, temperature 18-26 DEG C; Illumination controls in 100-200 lux;
11) management in young stage mushroom phase: after fruiting, soil moisture controls the 85%-90% at field capacity, and in booth, humidity air humid control is at 75%-80%, and illumination controls in 200-300 lux, and temperature is not higher than 27 DEG C;
12) picking time: in time the hole that bacterium bed stays is filled after Stropharia rugoso-annulata of gathering, remove residual mushroom;
13) then according to the stage management of fruiting phase, young mushroom phase to succeeding tide mushroom of gathering.
2. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) described field makes ridge condition and is: ridge height 20cm, row spacing 60cm, distance between the ridges is 40cm.
3. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 4) in the fermentation and sterilization process of rice husk that adopts be: select free of contamination rice husk then, shine 2-3 days in the sun;
Add lime 1-3kg in every 100kg water to stir evenly, then rice husk is put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out and drain; Adopt high-temperature pressure sterilizing 3-5h.
4. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 3, is characterized in that: add lime 2kg in every 100kg water and stir evenly, then rice husk is put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out and drain; Adopt high-temperature pressure sterilizing 3-5h.
5. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5) described jack size is 5-12/m
2.
6. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 5, is characterized in that: step 5) described jack size is 10/m
2.
7. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the condition of culture of the Stropharia rugoso-annulata adopted bacterial classification at different levels is temperature 14-22 DEG C, and air humidity is 50-70%, unglazed photograph, gravity-flow ventilation;
Test tube kind 30-40 days full packages, original seed 30-40 days full bottles, cultivated species 20-30 days purseful;
Culture presevation condition is: temperature 2-4 DEG C, and air humidity is 40-50%, gravity-flow ventilation, dark.
8. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 8) described sunshade net is 3 gauge.
9. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: step 2) to make centre as ridge slightly high in field, the shape that both sides are slightly low.
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