CN103947460A - Field culture method of stropharia rugosoannulata farlow - Google Patents
Field culture method of stropharia rugosoannulata farlow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an efficient field culture method of stropharia rugosoannulata farlow. The method comprises cultispecies manufacture, field selection and pretreatment, ridging, inoculation, rice husk, soil and straw coverage, hairy fungus management and fruiting management. The method has the advantages that the survival rate is high, the fruiting rate is high, fruiting is uniform, the yield is stable, the product quality is better, the production cost is low, the method is convenient to implement, and the method can be popularized in quantity in rural areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungi cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of field production method of efficient Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
Background technology
Stropharia rugoso-annulata (Stropharia rugosoannulataFarlow ex Murrill) is subordinate to Basidiomycota (Basidomycota), Hymenomycetes (Hymenomycetes), Agaricales (Agaricales), Strophariaceae (Strophariaceae), Stropharia (Stropharia).Have another name called Stropharia rugoso annulata, wrinkle Stropharia rugoso-annulata, wine lid Stropharia rugoso-annulata, garden giant, Burgundy mushroom, Godzilla mushroom and Stropharia rugoso-annulata king etc., one of ten large mushroom classes on international mushroom class trade market, be distributed in widely Europe and North America, also there is distribution on the ground such as Southwestern China and northeast.Its body colour is gorgeous, leg slightly covers fertilizer, meat exquisiteness is tender and crisp, smooth good to eat, nutritious, is the dark ace-high mushroom of a class.
China starts introducing and planting the nineties in 20th century, there are a large amount of cultivations in existing Fujian, Guangxi, Hebei, Sichuan, zhejiang and other places district.In recent years cultivation situation shows, the anti-strong stress resistance of Stropharia rugoso-annulata has stronger anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability, and culture technique requires simply extensive, and the source of culturing raw material is also abundanter.But not high just because of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation conditional request, too simple and extensive in mushroom agriculture cultivation process, cause Stropharia rugoso-annulata entirety fruiting inhomogeneous, gross yield is not high, inferior quality.
The cultivation management relating in existing Stropharia rugoso-annulata patented technology is actually rare.As: CN101595808A, CN101595809A, CN1875682A.CN101595808A discloses a kind of land for growing field crops cultural method of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind, in outdoor environment, directly in land for growing field crops, inserts composts or fertilisers of cultivating, finally grows generation mycelia by bacterium original seed and obtains cultivated species; Although this method is easy to operate, the just cultivation of cultivated species, the cultivation process after not relating to cultivated species and making.CN101595809A discloses a kind of land for growing field crops high-yield cultivating method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, but the plant formulation that this method requires is complicated and trouble, and manufacturing process labour intensity is also larger, is not too suitable for " lazy crops " pattern.CN1875682A seems comparatively complicated equally for the cultivation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, and operational administrative has certain difficulty.
Therefore, need a kind of can be easy, efficient large Tanaka, the method for the low cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata of cost, and can make that survival rate is high, fruiting evenly, stable yield, superior product quality.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of field production method of efficient Stropharia rugoso-annulata.The inventive method is easy, efficient, cost is low, can make that survival rate is high, fruiting evenly, stable yield, superior product quality.
The field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) select fertile soil, sunshine abundance, the farmland that the soil is porous to do cultivation land for growing field crops, large plant and animal residues and bulk chad in weeding before cultivation, cleaning soil, controls soil pH value at 5.0-6.0;
2) ridge is done in field: the high 15-30cm in ridge, and row spacing 50-80cm, distance between the ridges is 30-50cm; Centre is slightly high, and both sides are slightly low; Further preferably: the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 60cm, distance between the ridges is 40cm;
3) stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind is inoculated on the face of ridge, bacterial classification is advisable with pigeon eggs size, adopts bunch planting method, every ridge inoculation 2-5 capable (preferably 3 row), inoculum concentration 600-800g/m
2;
4) cover the rice husk through fermentation and sterilization, thick 2-4cm, described rice husk water content is 35%-40%;
5) cover field soil, this soil is called earthing, and described earthing requires fertile soil and loose, without obvious plant and animal residues, and thick about 2-4cm, described earthing water content keeps being about 35%-40%; Carry out jack, jack size is 5-12/m simultaneously
2, preferably 10/m
2;
6) on the basis of earthing, carry out again the inoculation of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind, the same step 3) of vaccination ways, inoculum concentration 400-500g/m
2;
7) ridge face is added a cover straw, and thickness is 2-4cm (preventing that seed and earthing are by rain drop erosion); Described straw water content is about 60-70%;
8) build booth in field, add a cover sunshade net (preventing strong illumination); Described sunshade net is 2-4 gauge, preferably 3 gauge;
9) send out bacterium: this process is carried out in natural conditions, keep tectal moistening, controlled light intensity is 100-200 lux, sunlight excessively strong (intensity of illumination >250 lux) sunshade net covers, and takes off sunshade net when not strong (intensity of illumination <100 lux);
10) management in fruiting stage: soil moisture is controlled at the 90%-98% of field capacity, in booth, humidity air humidity is controlled at 85%-95%, temperature 18-26 DEG C; Follow the illumination principle of " three points of seven seconds of sun ", be controlled at 100-200 lux;
The fruiting phase probably occurred in inoculation after 45 days, now mycelia amount reproduction in ridge, and there is successively less former base, fruit body starts to break up fruiting subsequently, should note the management of illumination and humidity during fruiting.
11) management in young stage mushroom phase: after fruiting, soil moisture is controlled at the 85%-90% of field capacity, and in booth, humidity air humidity is controlled at 75%-80%, and illumination is controlled at 200-300 lux, temperature is not higher than 27 DEG C;
After the general 5-10 of fruiting after date days, enter the young mushroom phase, should note during this time the management of temperature, humidity and illumination.
12) picking time: the hole in time bacterium bed being stayed after the Stropharia rugoso-annulata of gathering fills, and removes residual mushroom;
Children mushroom after date just enters picking time, when one deck mycoderm outside Stropharia rugoso-annulata cap just breaks, when cap curls inward and not parachute-opening, gathers.While adopting mushroom with finger pinch bacterium pin turn gently several under, then live base thing with another hand and upwards pull up, the hole that after gathering, bacterium bed stays fills in time, removes residual mushroom.
13) then according to the stage management of fruiting phase, young mushroom phase to the succeeding tide mushroom of gathering, the 2-4 tide mushroom of can gathering continuously.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in the fermentation and sterilization process of rice husk that adopts be: select free of contamination rice husk then, shine in the sun 2-3 days, play the object of dry and preliminary sterilizing.In every 100kg water, add lime 1-3kg and stir evenly, then rice husk is put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out drain for subsequent use.Adopt afterwards high-temperature pressure sterilizing, 3-5h.Further optimum condition is: in every 100kg water, add lime 2kg and stir evenly, then rice husk is put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out drain for subsequent use.Adopt afterwards high-temperature pressure sterilizing, 3-5h.
The condition of culture of Stropharia rugoso-annulata of the present invention bacterial classifications at different levels is temperature 14-22 DEG C, and air humidity is 50-70%, unglazed photograph, gravity-flow ventilation; 30-40 days full packages of test tube kind, original seed 30-40 days full bottles, cultivated species 20-30 days purseful; After bacterial classification covers with, should in 15 days, use as far as possible, otherwise will carry out appropriate preservation, storage conditions is: temperature 2-4 DEG C, humidity air humidity is 40-50%, gravity-flow ventilation, dark.
The advantage of cultivation method of the present invention is:
(1) whole plantation operating process is all carried out in field, clear and definite more human intervention condition on the basis of traditional experience plantation, and the clear and definite concrete numerical value of more Yield Influence Factors, makes the cultivation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata more close to controlled artificial cultivation.
(2) whole process all completes in field, and by the simple improvement of appropriateness, a lot of farmlands all possess cultivation condition.
(3) what auxiliary material was selected is rice husk and straw, wide material sources, and the waste utilization during traditional farming is produced, has certain ecological benefits and economic benefit.
(4) by the auxiliary fruiting of feature of rice husk, straw self, be a kind of thinking of bionic cultivation, can effectively eliminate the impact of some uncertain factors, improve fruiting success rate.
(5) whole planting process is fairly simple, and can keep stablizing lasting fruiting.
Embodiment
The embodiment of form by the following examples, is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention again, illustrates but does not limit the present invention.
Carry out the bacterial classification preparation of cultivated species in the previous moon of Field inoculation: the condition of culture of bacterial classifications at different levels is temperature 14-22 DEG C, and air humidity is 50-70%, unglazed photograph, gravity-flow ventilation; 30-40 days full packages of test tube kind, original seed 30-40 days full bottles, cultivated species 20-30 days purseful; After bacterial classification covers with, should in 15 days, use as far as possible, otherwise will carry out appropriate preservation, storage conditions is: temperature 2-4 DEG C, humidity air humidity is 40-50%, gravity-flow ventilation, dark.
The Field inoculation time is difference with the difference in cultivation place, and the general Sichuan Basin is that annual autumn sowing is the 8-9 month.Various places planting time can meet cultivation method field temperature, the humidity of Stropharia rugoso-annulata of the present invention according to meeting, the requirement of illumination management is selected.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is explained in detail, object is to help reader to understand better the present invention, but not as the restriction to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1) inventor, in July, 2013 in Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences's production of hybrid seeds, cultivates 80 mu of planning areas in the sowing of Long Xing town, Chengdu Chongzhou City Experimental Base at the beginning of 8 months.
2) field weeding clear up plant and animal residues large in soil and large chad, measures and finds that experiment field pH is 5.6, suitable cultivation.
3) land for growing field crops is carried out field after putting in order and is done ridge, sets the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 60cm, and distance between the ridges is 40cm, and centre is slightly high, and both sides are slightly low.
4) the stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind preparing is inoculated on the face of ridge, adopts bunch planting method, 3 row are inoculated on every ridge, and inoculum concentration is set as 700g/m
2.
5) cover the rice husk through fermentation and sterilization, thick 3cm, described rice husk water content is 35%-40%.
6) cover field soil, the thick about 2-4cm of earthing carries out (10/m of jacks simultaneously
2), described earthing water content keeps being about 35%-40%.
7) on the basis of earthing, carry out the inoculation of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind, vaccination ways is with step 5 again, inoculum concentration 450g/m
2.
8) ridge face is added a cover straw, and thick 2-4cm prevents that seed and earthing are by rain drop erosion.And build booth in field, and add a cover sunshade net, prevent strong illumination.Straw water content is about 60-70%, and sunshade net is 3 gauge.
9) send out bacterium process and carry out in natural conditions, regulate the temperature whenever necessary, keep tectal moistening, temperature is with natural temperature, and sunlight is crossed by force sunshade net and covered, and takes off sunshade net when not strong.
10) after inoculating 40 days, mycelia amount reproduction in ridge, and there is successively less former base, fruit body starts to break up fruiting subsequently, soil moisture is controlled at the 90%-98% of field capacity, and humidity air humidity is controlled at 85%-95%, and illumination is controlled at 100-200 lux.
11) after 5-10 days, enter the young mushroom phase, the moisture 85%-90% in field, temperature is higher than 27 degree, controlled light 200-300 lux.
12) young mushroom after date just enters picking time, when one deck mycoderm outside Stropharia rugoso-annulata cap just breaks, when cap curls inward and not parachute-opening, gathers.While adopting mushroom with finger pinch bacterium pin turn gently several under, then live base thing with another hand and upwards pull up, the hole that after gathering, bacterium bed stays fills in time, removes residual mushroom.Gather after first mushroom, carried out moisturizing, made water content reach 85%-90%, can receive two damp mushrooms, the 2-4 tide mushroom of on average can gathering continuously.
After measured, Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting starts from mid-October, is continued until in by the end of March, 2014, every per mu yield average out to 2876.8kg.
Cultivation method of the present invention has the advantages such as survival rate is high, fruiting even, stable yield, superior product quality.The relatively traditional cultivation method of cultivation method of the present invention is in the cultivation cycle, survival rate, and biological transformation ratio, product quality aspect is all improved largely; Compared with the cultivation method that cultivation method of the present invention discloses with CN101595809A, the planting material Easy dosing that the planting material of cultivation method of the present invention is used compared with CN101595809A, has only adopted straw, but in the cultivation cycle, survival rate, biological transformation ratio, product quality aspect effect is suitable.
Concrete test and appraisal data are as follows:
Remarks: the cultivation cycle refers to from step 3) inoculation, complete to gathering.
To sum up, the invention provides a kind of field production method of efficient Stropharia rugoso-annulata, comprise the making of cultivated species, the selection in land for growing field crops and pretreatment, do ridge, inoculation, the covering of rice husk, soil and straw, hair tube reason and management of producing mushroom.Method of operating of the present invention is easy, and planting material has only adopted straw, has survival rate high, and cultivating rate is high, and fruiting is even, stable yield, and the good advantage of product quality, and production cost is low, and it is convenient to implement, and can use in rural area large-scale popularization.
Claims (9)
1. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, comprises the steps:
1) select fertile soil, sunshine abundance, the farmland that the soil is porous to do cultivation land for growing field crops, large plant and animal residues and bulk chad in weeding before cultivation, cleaning soil, controls soil pH value at 5.0-6.0;
2) ridge is done in field: the high 15-30cm in ridge, and row spacing 50-80cm, distance between the ridges is 30-50cm;
3) stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind is inoculated on the face of ridge, bacterial classification is advisable with pigeon eggs size, adopts bunch planting method, and every ridge inoculation 2-5 is capable, inoculum concentration 600-800g/m
2;
4) cover the rice husk through fermentation and sterilization, thick 2-4cm, described rice husk water content is 35%-40%;
5) cover field soil, earthing requires fertile soil and loose, without obvious plant and animal residues, and thick about 2-4cm, described earthing water content is 35%-40%; Carry out jack simultaneously;
6) on the basis of earthing, carry out again the inoculation of stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation kind, the same step 3) of vaccination ways, inoculum concentration 400-500g/m
2;
7) ridge face is added a cover straw, and thickness is 2-4cm; Described straw water content is about 60-70%;
8) build booth in field, add a cover sunshade net; Described sunshade net is 2-4 gauge;
9) send out bacterium: this process is carried out in natural conditions, keep tectal moistening, controlled light intensity is 100-200 lux;
10) management in fruiting stage: soil moisture is controlled at the 90%-98% of field capacity, in booth, humidity air humidity is controlled at 85%-95%, temperature 18-26 DEG C; Illumination is controlled at 100-200 lux;
11) management in young stage mushroom phase: after fruiting, soil moisture is controlled at the 85%-90% of field capacity, and in booth, humidity air humidity is controlled at 75%-80%, and illumination is controlled at 200-300 lux, temperature is not higher than 27 DEG C;
12) picking time: the hole in time bacterium bed being stayed after the Stropharia rugoso-annulata of gathering fills, and removes residual mushroom;
13) then according to the stage management of fruiting phase, young mushroom phase to the succeeding tide mushroom of gathering.
2. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) described field makes ridge condition and is: the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 60cm, distance between the ridges is 40cm.
3. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 4) in the fermentation and sterilization process of rice husk that adopts be: select free of contamination rice husk then, shine in the sun 2-3 days;
In every 100kg water, add lime 1-3kg and stir evenly, then rice husk is put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out and drain; Adopt high-temperature pressure sterilizing 3-5h.
4. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in every 100kg water, add lime 2kg and stir evenly, then rice husk is put into rear immersion 12-24h, pull out and drain; Adopt high-temperature pressure sterilizing 3-5h.
5. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5) described jack size is 5-12/m
2.
6. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 5, is characterized in that: step 5) described jack size is 10/m
2.
7. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the condition of culture of the Stropharia rugoso-annulata bacterial classifications at different levels that adopt is temperature 14-22 DEG C, and air humidity is 50-70%, unglazed photograph, gravity-flow ventilation;
30-40 days full packages of test tube kind, original seed 30-40 days full bottles, cultivated species 20-30 days purseful;
Culture presevation condition is: temperature 2-4 DEG C, air humidity is 40-50%, gravity-flow ventilation, dark.
8. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 8) described sunshade net is 3 gauge.
9. the field production method of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: step 2) field is slightly high in the middle of making as ridge, the shape that both sides are slightly low.
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| CN104885791A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-09 | 贵州黄平靓鸥桑综合开发有限公司 | Simple planting method for stropharia rugoso-annulata in winter fallow field |
| CN104885790A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-09 | 贵州黄平靓鸥桑综合开发有限公司 | Method for outdoor cultivation of stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN104938196A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-30 | 贵州黄平靓鸥桑综合开发有限公司 | Large stropharia rugosannulata same-field continuous planting method |
| CN104996165A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-28 | 贵州黄平靓鸥桑综合开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata by using winter fallow field straw |
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| CN104885791A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-09 | 贵州黄平靓鸥桑综合开发有限公司 | Simple planting method for stropharia rugoso-annulata in winter fallow field |
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