CN1875682A - Stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method - Google Patents
Stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a process for cultivating stropharla rugoso-annulat a-farlow apud murrill, wherein the cultivation temperature is above 8DEG C in spring cultivation, below 30DEG C in autumn cultivation. The cultivation place is selected wind sheltering and sunflower field or mountain woodland which have good drainage. The cultivation material formula comprises straw 100% or peanut cane 50%, corn straw 50%,chip 50%, or straw 60%, bagasse 40%. Immerse the cultivation material and naturally drip the water, make the moisture content reach 70-75%, then lay the material and saw the seed, the supplied water is sprinkled onto the cultivation material cover during fungus growth period, the heap temperature is controlled between 20-30DEG C, the moisture content of cultivation material is controlled between 60-70%, the temperature is controlled between 8-32DEG C in the bacterial filament growth period; the humidity is controlled between 85-95%, the temperature is controlled between 4-30DEG C in yield mushroom period, the temperature is controlled between 16-21DEG C in mushroom body growth period.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the artificial cultivation method technical field of mushroom.
Background technology
Stropharia rugoso-annulata belongs to straw rotting fungus, is rare famous and precious food bacterium new varieties, and its bright mushroom is beautiful in colour, the meat tender and smooth, and dry product smell delicate fragrance contains several amino acids, and delicious flavour is nutritious; Former forest and the mountain region be born in of this bacterium mushroom, owing to be subjected to the influence of geographical growing environment and temperature and humidity, wild Stropharia rugoso-annulata is very rare, can grow up strong and sturdy still less, at present on market Stropharia rugoso-annulata supply falls short of demand always and price is high, today, people were in the interlude of pursuing pollution-free food and going back to nature, and liked the edible mushroom of edible taste and excellent taste day by day, but only lean against the wild Stropharia rugoso-annulata that pluck in forest and mountain region, far can not satisfy market demands.And adopting artificial cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata, people also to attempt certain methods in the past, these methods not only need take the field well, consume a large amount of culturing raw material, and do not find out the self-sow environment and the condition rule of Stropharia rugoso-annulata always, can't cultivate high yield, high-quality Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention only depends on wild bacterium that market is provided in order to overcome existing Stropharia rugoso-annulata just, can't satisfy market demands, the jejune again defective of artificial cultivation technique and provide a kind of portable to cultivate mountain forest ground or field, transplant simple, planting cost is low, processing ease and output height, the measured stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method of matter.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical solution.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method is characterized in that,
(1) cultivation method is:
1. select cultivation season: under normal temperature, the spring planted with temperature and went back up to more than 8 ℃ at 120～80 days the whole production cycle, and the autumn plants with temperature and reduces to below 30 ℃ and can sow;
2. select and construct cultivation place: the mushroom field is chosen in hidding and sunny side, in the good field of internal drainage or in the mountain forest ground;
3. determine culturing raw material: the culturing raw material prescription is a dry rice straw 100%; Or peanut vine 50%, cornstalk 50%; Or dry rice straw 80%, wood chip 20%; Or dry rice straw 60%, bagasse 40%;
4. culturing raw material is carried out preliminary treatment: selected culturing raw material is put into water soaked 1～3 day, change water every day 1～2 time, after the culturing raw material of soaking is dripped naturally, make its water content reach 70～75%;
5. stone sowing: soaked culturing raw material is layered on field or the mountain forest ground that chooses, 55～65 centimetres of material bottom width, length is not limit, 35 centimetres～45 centimetres of the ditch width of the channels between the stockpile; The culturing raw material consumption is 15～20 kilograms/m
2, 1～1.8 kilogram every square metre of bacterial classification consumption; The sowing employing is broken the bacterial classification piece off with the fingers and thumb and is granulated, and evenly spreading is on the culturing raw material stone, and perhaps employing will be planted piece and be broken into block program request off with the fingers and thumb, and 15 cm x, 15 centimetres～25 cm x are 25 centimetres at interval; Take two layers of sowing of three layers of stone, promptly the basecoat stone is thick 8～10 centimetres, and second layered material is spread in sowing more afterwards behind the compacting stone, thick 10～12 centimetres of stone, sowing again behind the same compacting stone, thick 2～4 centimetres of the superiors' stone; Perhaps take two layers of stone one deck sowing, thick 12～18 centimetres of basecoat stone, thick 2～4 centimetres of the superiors' stone; Cover on the superiors' stone 3～5 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, straw screen or mat or stalk on the earthing bonnet then with soil; Autumn sowing can behind lid layer mulch film on the overburden layer, cover straw screen or mat or stalk again;
(2) the bacteria developing period management method is:
1. culturing raw material moisture is regulated: in after planting 20 days, adopt moisturizing to be sprayed on the covering, do not allow unnecessary water permeate in the pan feeding, if run into the rainy day during this, cover on the covering with film, treat to raise film again behind the rain, get rid of mushroom bed ponding all around simultaneously;
2. the heap temperature is regulated: after planting 1～2 day, the temperature of control stockpile was at 20～30 ℃;
3. growth period of hypha moisture and adjustment: mycelial growth does not spray or few water spray early stage, after 20 days, when turning white, the material drying on mushroom bed surface sprays water in right amount, and spray more the side around the mushroom bed, the middle part is sprayed less or is not sprayed, and control culturing raw material water content is 65～70%; The mycelial growth temperature is controlled at 8～32 ℃;
(3) fruiting period management method is:
1. air humidity regulation and control: fruiting stage control air humidity is 90～95%, and the mushroom fruitbody developmental stage, controlled humidity was 85～95%;
2. fruiting temperature: fruiting stage control temperature is 4 ℃～30 ℃, and mushroom fruitbody vegetative stage control temperature is 16～21 ℃;
3. oxygen and illumination: the mushroom fruitbody developmental stage is guaranteed sufficient oxygen and scattering solar radiation.
Adopt cultivation method of the present invention, when daytime temperature is higher than 23 ℃, pretreated raw material is piled fermentation in advance, the culturing raw material of soon having soaked is placed on the level land, pile wide 1.5～2 meters, high 1～1.5 meter, the haystack that length is not limit, after 2～3 days, turn over once heap again, promptly can be used for stone and sow in 2～3 days afterwards; At bacteria developing period, the optimum temperature that the heap temperature is regulated is 24～26 ℃, and the optimum temperature of growth period of hypha is 23～27 ℃; Preferably stone and earthing pH value are controlled at 5.5～6.5.
The Stropharia rugoso-annulata breeding strain has belonged to mature technology, obtains the bacterial classification ratio and is easier to.The inventive method just Stropharia rugoso-annulata bacterial classification direct labor implanting and cultivating is transplanted simple, low, the processing ease of planting cost to mountain forest ground or field.In multiple kind of plantation of a bacterium, the growth of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is not subjected to the pesticide residue airflow influence, be not subjected to the pollution of waterhead etch, belong to natural organic-biological food, overcome existing artificial cultivation method taken the field well, drawback that the culturing raw material consumption is many, human and material resources, soil have been saved, the growing environment and the habit of growth of Stropharia rugoso-annulata have been changed, the bacterium of having tamed Stropharia rugoso-annulata is because of, mycoplasma and bacterium flavor, improved the quality of Stropharia rugoso-annulata, saved cost, save the soil, have tangible economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Further set forth content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
(1) cultivation method:
1. select cultivation season: under normal temperature, the spring planted with temperature and went back up to more than 8 ℃ at 120～80 days the whole production cycle, and the autumn plants with temperature and reduces to below 30 ℃ and can sow.
2. select and construct cultivation place: the mushroom field is chosen in hidding and sunny side, in the good field or mountain forest ground of internal drainage, and preferably near water source.Soil is rich in humus with slant acidity, moisture capacity and ventilative good be good.
3. determine culturing raw material: the culturing raw material prescription is a dry rice straw 100%; Or peanut vine 50%, cornstalk 50%; Or dry rice straw 80%, wood chip 20%; Or dry rice straw 60%, bagasse 60%; Mainly be to suit measures to local conditions to select.Present embodiment is selected dry rice straw 100%.
4. culturing raw material is carried out preliminary treatment: raw material must suction moisture earlier.Culturing raw material is directly put into the ditch or the pond is soaked, step on while soaking, soaking time 1～3 day general about 2 days, requires to change every day water 1～2 time.The culturing raw material of soaking was dripped one day naturally, make its water content reach 70～75%, the method that can survey with hand, promptly extract representational raw material tate respectively, it is tightened, if having water droplet to ooze out in the raw material, and water droplet breaks, and shows that water content reaches appropriateness; If water droplet is continuously, show that water content is too much; Ooze out if tighten the no water droplet in back, show that then water content is on the low side.
When daytime temperature was higher than more than 23 ℃, for preventing to build heap back fermenting raw materials, temperature raise, and influences mycelial growth, need pile in advance raw material.Specific practice is: the raw material that will soak or drench is placed on the level land, pile wide 1.5～2 meters, high 1～1.5 meter, the stockpile that length is not limit, it is solid that stockpile will be piled, and turned over once heap after 3 days again, 2～3 days afterwards can the stone sowing.
5. stone sowing: soaked culturing raw material is layered on field or the mountain forest ground that chooses, 55～65 centimetres of material bottom width, length is not limit, 35 centimetres～45 centimetres of the ditch width of the channels between the stockpile; The culturing raw material consumption is 15～20 kilograms/m
2, 1～1.8 kilogram every square metre of bacterial classification consumption; During sowing, adopt and to break into the bacterial classification piece off with the fingers and thumb size as the soya bean granular, evenly spreading perhaps adopts and will plant the block program request that piece is broken into the walnut size off with the fingers and thumb on the culturing raw material stone, and 15 cm x, 15 centimetres～25 cm x are 25 centimetres at interval; Take two layers of sowing of three layers of stone, promptly the basecoat stone is thick 8～10 centimetres, sowing again behind the compacting stone, near the limes marginis multicast, the centre is broadcast less, spreads second layered material afterwards, thick 10～12 centimetres of stone, sowing again behind the same compacting stone, thick 2～4 centimetres of the superiors' stone; Perhaps take two layers of stone one deck sowing, thick 12～18 centimetres of basecoat stone, thick 2～4 centimetres of the superiors' stone; Cover on the superiors' stone 3～5 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, straw screen or mat or stalk on the earthing bonnet after directly utilizing the field soil of ditching to smash then; Autumn sowing can behind lid layer mulch film on the overburden layer, cover straw screen or mat or stalk again.
(2) the bacteria developing period management method is:
1. culturing raw material moisture is regulated: in after planting 20 days, generally directly do not spray water on the mushroom bed, moisturizing at ordinary times is sprayed on the covering, and does not make in the unnecessary water infiltration pan feeding.If run into the rainy day during this, need to cover on the covering with film, treat to raise film again behind the rain, note getting rid of mushroom bed ponding all around simultaneously.
2. the heap temperature is regulated: under normal circumstances, built heap after planting 1～2 day, the heap temperature has rising slightly; General 20～30 ℃ of the heap temperature that require, preferably be controlled at about 25 ℃, in order to prevent to pile temperature abnormality, will be after building the heap sowing, every morning and the warm variation of time sight heap in afternoon if anomaly takes place, should in time take appropriate measures, for example when heap temperature below 20 ℃ the time, should reach in the morning and thicken careless quilt night, and the heap on covered with plastic film, treat to lift again at sunrise daytime the thin film, otherwise, it is warm when higher to run into heap, can make a call to 2～3 holes in heap gap, centre, and the hole diameter is grasped about 6 centimetres, 15～20 centimetres of the hole degree of depth can be regulated the variation of heap temperature by the different sunshade degree in place in a word.
3. growth period of hypha moisture and adjustment: after planting 2～3 days mycelia begin to sprout; Mycelia began material feeding in 3～4 days, mycelial growth in earlier stage generally is not spray or few water spray, measure showed increased through the mycelia on the mushroom bed after 20 days, sometimes mycelia has accounted for more than 1/2 of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and through during this period of time, dry blushing appears in the material on mushroom bed surface sometimes, at this moment should suitably spray water, side around the mushroom bed should be sprayed more, and the middle part should be sprayed or not spray less, is 65～70% with control culturing raw material water content; The mycelial growth temperature is controlled at 8～32 ℃.
(3) fruiting period management method is:
1. humidity and temperature adjusting: it is 90～95% that the fruiting stage requires relative air humidity.Usually the drain ditch is filled water and must keep covering and overburden layer to be moisture state, if the method for the available spraying that the employing straw screen or mat covers is preserved moisture.Drying occurs and turn white, must suitably spray water; In addition, also to spot-check the water content situation in the heap, require mycelia to walk forage after, composts or fertilisers of cultivating becomes faint yellow, clutches composts or fertilisers of cultivating with hand, existing soft sense has moist feeling again, also has water droplet to occur sometimes slightly, this is a normal phenomenon.If have the globule of successive line to occur after mildew and rot shape or extruding are arranged, this is an abnormality, should in time adopt remedial measures: the one, stop water spray, and lift covering, promote water evaporates in the bacterium bed; The 2nd, dig trenches to drain the water away, as far as possible lowering of watertable; The 3rd, on the bacterium bed surface or the side, ground beat several holes, promote bacterium bed inner air flow, when small mushroom bud grows to 2 centimetres of diameters, can suitably reduce injection flow rate, controlled humidity is grasped the principle of the few spray of light spray, in order to avoid cause misshapen mushroom 85～95%.When temperature is lower than 4 ℃ or when surpassing 30 ℃, all long mushroom, the optimum temperature of mushroom fruitbody vegetative stage is 16～21 ℃, 4～May and 9～November this two period temperature suitable, fruiting is fast and neat.
2. oxygen and illumination: the mushroom fruitbody developmental stage is guaranteed sufficient oxygen and scattering solar radiation.During fruiting, can be by regulating light application time, the ventilation degree in water spraying time and place etc. makes environmental temperature be in desirable scope, during the long mushroom if run into frost, the one, note thickening careless quilt, build small mushroom bud; The 2nd, spray water less or not spray water, prevent that mushroom is subjected to freeze injury.As long as build careless quilt, add the protection of ground temperature, its mushroom flower bud can safe overwintering.
The control of damage by disease and insect: easily give birth to assorted bacterium in the cultivation process together, the most assorted bacterium of normal generation is terrible umbrella class and excrement bowl etc., should be to put prevention first, that straw etc. require is fresh, foot is done, do not have and go mouldy, through tanning by the sun, rolling, handle with ready culturing raw material and through the short-term heap fermentation, the bacterium of will mixing drops to bottom line.The region of disease should in time be removed terrible umbrella and pounce on 1000～1500 times of liquid of mould missible oil with 45% and spray.Insect pest easily takes place in addition, and common insect pest has springtail, nematode, mite evil and slug etc., in control, and the one, assanation is done in requirement well, roots out mushroom field weeds and dead leaf on every side, and the powder that limes keeps clean and is dry; The 2nd, 80% dichlorvos can be sprayed on the paper for 1000 times for springtail, drip molasses again, medicinal chart is scattered in the earthing surface traps and kills, also can after adopting mushroom, spray 3000～4000 of the safe water dispersible granules of 25% Acker by charge level; The 3rd, can manually catch when a small amount of for slug, mix sand with 6% Halizan granule by 1: 25～30 when taking place in a large number, be spread on around the mushroom bed or the slug place that haunts, or spill in the worm place that haunts with 5% cresol and soap solution.
Gathering of Stropharia rugoso-annulata: the Stropharia rugoso-annulata sporophore shape of timely collecting is the curls inward of cap edge, mycoderm just breaks, do not open and launch out spore as yet, finger grips the stem base portion when gathering, another hand matrix, reverse gently up to pull up and get final product little mushroom around not hindering, the part that the bright mushroom under adopting is pruned mushroom handle band mud with pocket knife.Remove residual mushroom pin on the mushroom bed, mend soil and preserve moisture, bring up out following batch of mushroom again, generally go out 2～5 batches of mushrooms, every batch of interval 15～20 days, the highest with second batch of mushroom output, general 6～10 kilograms/m of fresh mushroom production
2
Claims (4)
1, stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method is characterized in that,
(1) cultivation method is:
1. select cultivation season: under normal temperature, the spring planted with temperature and went back up to more than 8 ℃ at 120～80 days the whole production cycle, and the autumn plants with temperature and reduces to below 30 ℃ and can sow;
2. select and construct cultivation place: the mushroom field is chosen in hidding and sunny side, in the good field or mountain forest ground of internal drainage;
3. determine culturing raw material: the culturing raw material prescription is a dry rice straw 100%; Or peanut vine 50%, cornstalk 50%; Or dry rice straw 80%, wood chip 20%; Or dry rice straw 60%, bagasse 40%;
4. culturing raw material is carried out preliminary treatment: selected culturing raw material is put into water soaked 1～3 day, change water every day 1～2 time, after the culturing raw material of soaking is dripped naturally, make its water content reach 70～75%;
5. stone sowing: soaked culturing raw material is layered on field or the mountain forest ground that chooses, 55～65 centimetres of material bottom width, length is not limit, 35 centimetres～45 centimetres of the ditch width of the channels between the stockpile; The culturing raw material consumption is 15～20 kilograms/m2,1～1.8 kilogram every square metre of bacterial classification consumption; Sowing is adopted and to be broken into the bacterial classification piece off with the fingers and thumb as soya bean size, and evenly spreading perhaps adopts and will plant piece and break into the program request of walnut size off with the fingers and thumb on the culturing raw material stone, and 15 cm x, 15 centimetres～25 cm x are 25 centimetres at interval; Take two layers of sowing of three layers of stone, promptly the basecoat stone is thick 8～10 centimetres, and second layered material is spread in sowing more afterwards behind the compacting stone, thick 10～12 centimetres of stone, sowing again behind the same compacting stone, thick 2～4 centimetres of the superiors' stone; Perhaps take two layers of stone one deck sowing, thick 12～18 centimetres of basecoat stone, thick 2～4 centimetres of the superiors' stone; Cover on the superiors' stone 3～5 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, straw screen or mat or stalk on the earthing bonnet then with soil; Autumn sowing can behind lid layer mulch film on the overburden layer, cover straw screen or mat or stalk again;
(2) the bacteria developing period management method is:
1. culturing raw material moisture is regulated: in after planting 20 days, adopt moisturizing to be sprayed on the covering, do not allow unnecessary water permeate in the pan feeding, if run into the rainy day during this, cover on the covering with film, treat to raise film again behind the rain, get rid of mushroom bed ponding all around simultaneously;
2. the heap temperature is regulated: after planting 1～2 day, the temperature of control stockpile was at 20～30 ℃;
3. growth period of hypha moisture and adjustment: mycelial growth does not spray or few water spray early stage, after 20 days, when turning white, the material drying on mushroom bed surface sprays water in right amount, and spray more the side around the mushroom bed, the middle part is sprayed less or is not sprayed, and control culturing raw material water content is 65～70%; The mycelial growth temperature is controlled at 8～32 ℃;
(3) fruiting period management method is:
1. air humidity regulation and control: the fruiting stage, controlled humidity was 85～95%;
2. fruiting temperature: fruiting stage control temperature is 4 ℃～30 ℃, and mushroom fruitbody vegetative stage control temperature is 16～21 ℃;
3. oxygen and illumination: the mushroom fruitbody developmental stage is guaranteed sufficient oxygen and scattering solar radiation.
2, stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when daytime temperature is higher than 23 ℃, pretreated raw material is piled fermentation in advance, and the culturing raw material of soon having soaked is placed on the level land, piles wide 1.5～2 meters, high 1～1.5 meter, the haystack that length is not limit turned over once heap again after 2～3 days, promptly can be used for stone and sow in 2～3 days afterwards.
3, stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at bacteria developing period, the optimum temperature that the heap temperature is regulated is 24～26 ℃, and the optimum temperature of growth period of hypha is 23～27 ℃.
4, stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, stone and earthing pH value are controlled at 5.5～6.5.
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| CN102668993B (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-08-21 | 北京市农林科学院 | New bacterial strain of pholiota squarrosoides and sporocarp culture method thereof |
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| CN105265167A (en) * | 2014-07-26 | 2016-01-27 | 雷色香 | Method using straw as raw material to cultivate Stropharia rugosoannulata |
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| CN110073895A (en) * | 2019-05-26 | 2019-08-02 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of facility cultivation dragon fruit interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata |
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| CN110235701B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-12-17 | 东平县科海菌业有限公司 | Planting and cultivating method of stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN110506568A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-29 | 山东农业大学 | Utilize the method for Stropharia rugoso-annulata bacteria residue improvement saline-alkali soil |
| CN110537454A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-06 | 都江堰市马蒂斯农业技术推广服务有限公司 | Under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas |
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