CN113597990B - Method for improving quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits - Google Patents
Method for improving quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN113597990B CN113597990B CN202110863102.6A CN202110863102A CN113597990B CN 113597990 B CN113597990 B CN 113597990B CN 202110863102 A CN202110863102 A CN 202110863102A CN 113597990 B CN113597990 B CN 113597990B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse crop cultivation, and relates to a method for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomatoes, which comprises the step of row covering Shi Yingke between greenhouse tomatoes; the invention also relates to the use of the glumes for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits, and to the use of the glumes for the preparation of a composition for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits. The method can effectively improve the quality of tomato fruits, increase the yield of tomatoes and reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers, and simultaneously, the method fully utilizes crop wastes, has low cost, is environment-friendly, has obvious benefit and is convenient for large-area popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving quality and yield of greenhouse tomatoes.
Background
A greenhouse (also called greenhouse) is a facility for cultivating plants, which can transmit light and keep warm (or heat up). In seasons unsuitable for plant growth, the greenhouse can provide a greenhouse growth period and increase crop yield, and is mostly used for cultivating or raising seedlings of plants such as vegetables, flowers, trees and the like in low-temperature seasons.
The greenhouse has various kinds, and can be classified into a plastic greenhouse, a glass greenhouse, a sunlight greenhouse, a plastic greenhouse, a single greenhouse and the like according to different roof truss materials, lighting materials, appearance, heating conditions and the like. The performance indexes such as light transmittance, heat preservation, durability and the like of the greenhouse are direct influencing factors of crop growth and selection of planted crop varieties.
In recent years, the application and popularization of novel sunlight greenhouse cultivation technology, novel ecological film-coating cultivation technology, novel wood-dipping grafting cultivation technology and other technologies greatly promote the cultivation of greenhouse crops, such as vegetables in the greenhouse, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and the like, and fruits, such as cherries, watermelons and the like, so that people can eat out-of-season vegetables and fruits.
At present, green health foods are increasingly paid attention to, research and application of sunlight greenhouse cultivation disease prevention technology are paid more attention to in production, novel cultivation technology for promoting development of tomato root system development, enhancing tomato growth vigor and reducing humidity in a greenhouse is promoted, novel green prevention and control technology for tomato epidemic disease in a protected area is enriched, chemical pesticide consumption is reduced, and quality yield and quantity of tomato fruits are remarkably improved.
However, in order to improve quality and yield of tomato fruits, a large amount of chemical fertilizers or chemical growth promoters are generally used in the prior art, which causes degradation of quality of tomato and degradation of soil quality, so that an environment-friendly method capable of remarkably improving quality and yield of tomato fruits is urgently needed to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers or promoters, thereby improving quality and yield of tomato fruits in an environment-friendly manner.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for improving quality and yield of tomato fruits in a greenhouse, which reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers or chemical growth promoters, thereby improving quality and yield of tomato fruits in an environment-friendly manner.
The purpose of the invention and the solution of the technical problems thereof can be realized by adopting the following technical proposal.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits, comprising the steps of: the greenhouse tomato cultivation room is lined with Shi Yingke.
In an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, shi Yingke is overlaid in greenhouse tomato seedling stage, flowering and fruiting stage, mature stage, preferably seedling stage.
In an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the glumes are glumes after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a membrane-covered seal.
In an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the glume is used in an amount of about 1.0kg/m based on the area of the greenhouse tomato cultivation space row 2 To 4.0kg/m 2 Preferably about 2.8kg/m 2 。
In an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the glumes are gramineous glumes, such as rice hulls, barley hulls, oat hulls, wheat hulls, millet hulls. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the glumes are rice hulls. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the glumes are rice hulls that have been subjected to a high temperature natural fermentation process for about 20-30 days in a film-covered sealed environment.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides the use of glumes to improve the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits.
In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the glumes are gramineous glumes, such as rice hulls, barley hulls, oat hulls, wheat hulls, millet hulls.
In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the glumes are glumes after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a film-covered seal.
In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the glumes are rice hulls after about 20-30 days of a high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a film-covered seal.
In a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides the use of glumes in the manufacture of a composition for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious beneficial effects. The glume is a crop residual material with moisture absorption and heat preservation performance, and the method remarkably improves the quality and the yield of the greenhouse tomatoes by covering Shi Yingke, especially Shi Daoke, between the greenhouse tomato cultivation rooms, thereby reducing the dosage of chemical fertilizers or chemical generation promoters and remarkably improving the economic, social and ecological benefits of greenhouse tomato cultivation. In addition, the invention fully utilizes the crop waste, has low cost, environmental protection, simple and convenient operation, strong usability and remarkable benefit, and is convenient for large-area popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1, greenhouse tomatoes are treated in rows with different rice hull amounts, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 2. Influence of different rice hull amounts on indoor humidity change of greenhouse tomatoes, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 3, influence of different rice hull amounts on indoor temperature change of greenhouse tomatoes, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 4, soil temperature change at 5cm of greenhouse tomatoes treated by different rice hull amounts, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 5, soil temperature change at 15cm of greenhouse tomatoes treated by different rice hull amounts, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 6, soil temperature change at 25cm of greenhouse tomatoes treated with different rice hull amounts, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 7 effect of different hull treatments on tomato plant height, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 8 effect of different hull treatments on tomato stem thickness, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 9, influence of different rice hull treatments on root system activity of greenhouse tomatoes, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Fig. 10 effect of different hull treatments on greenhouse tomato root system dry weight, T1:10kg rice hull treatment, T2:15kg rice hull treatment, T3:20kg rice hull treatment, WT: is not treated by rice husk.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the specific embodiments, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described below are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without undue burden, are within the scope of the invention.
Glumes are a dry, scaly protective shell that is wrapped around the grain. Gramineae, such as rice, barley, oat, wheat, and other food crops, mature seeds are surrounded by a thin, dry layer of bracts (also known as glumes, lemmas) to form dry chaffs. The chaff after stripping is called glume.
The inventor of the present application surprisingly found that the glume of the gramineous plant can effectively improve the quality and yield of the greenhouse tomato fruit, reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers or chemical growth promoters, and has the advantages of low cost, environmental protection and simple operation, thereby bringing forward the present invention.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits, comprising the steps of: the greenhouse tomato cultivation room is lined with Shi Yingke.
In embodiments of the invention, glume coating may be performed during the greenhouse tomato growth phase. In particular embodiments of the invention, glume application may be performed during greenhouse tomato seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruiting stage, maturity stage. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, shi Yingke is applied during the greenhouse tomato seedling stage. The application is carried out in the seedling stage, so that the soil temperature is improved, the soil moisture content is protected, the growth of seedling root systems is promoted, and the application in the seedling stage is beneficial to the application operation. In embodiments of the present invention, the application may be performed manually or by machine, since the rice hull application process is simple and easy to operate, and in order to reduce investment, the application is generally performed by a machine method.
In an embodiment of the method of the invention, the glumes are gramineous glumes, such as rice hulls, barley hulls, oat hulls, wheat hulls, millet hulls, preferably rice hulls. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the glumes are those after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a membrane-covered seal. High temperature natural fermentation can generally be performed by: glumes are piled up in summer, covered with film, and then fermented under natural conditions for about 20-30 days. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the glumes are rice hulls that have been subjected to a high temperature natural fermentation process for about 20-30 days in a film-covered sealed environment. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that rice hull starch, unconverted carbohydrate content is higher, and rice hull particle hardness is higher, structure is compact, the number of microorganism species in the hull is relatively small, and pathogenic microorganism species and numbers are reduced, as compared to other gramineous crop glumes.
In embodiments of the methods of the invention, glumes may be used in an amount of about 1.0kg/m based on the area of the greenhouse tomato cultivation space 2 To 4.0kg/m 2 Example (1)For example, about 1.0kg/m 2 To 3.5kg/m 2 、1.0kg/m 2 To 3.0kg/m 2 、1.0kg/m 2 To 2.5kg/m 2 、1.0kg/m 2 To 2.0kg/m 2 、1.0kg/m 2 To 1.5kg/m 2 . In a specific embodiment, the amount of chaff, particularly the amount of chaff after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment of the tectorial seal, and most particularly the amount of chaff after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment of the tectorial seal, may be about 1.1kg/m 2 、1.2kg/m 2 、1.3kg/m 2 、1.4kg/m 2 、1.5kg/m 2 、1.6kg/m 2 、1.7kg/m 2 、1.8kg/m 2 、1.9kg/m 2 、2.0kg/m 2 、2.1kg/m 2 、2.2kg/m 2 、2.3kg/m 2 、2.4kg/m 2 、2.5kg/m 2 、2.6kg/m 2 、2.7kg/m 2 、2.8kg/m 2 、2.9kg/m 2 、3.0kg/m 2 、3.1kg/m 2 、3.2kg/m 2 、3.3kg/m 2 、3.4kg/m 2 、3.5kg/m 2 、3.6kg/m 2 、3.7kg/m 2 、3.8kg/m 2 、3.9kg/m 2 、4.0kg/m 2 Preferably about 2.8kg/m 2 。
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of glumes to improve the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits.
In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the glumes are glumes after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a film-covered seal.
In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the glumes are gramineous glumes, such as rice hulls, barley hulls, oat hulls, wheat hulls, millet hulls, preferably rice hulls.
In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the glumes are rice hulls after about 20-30 days of a high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a film-covered seal.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of glumes in the manufacture of a composition for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits.
In an embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, the glumes are glumes after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a membrane-covered seal.
In an embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, the glumes are gramineous glumes, such as rice hulls, barley hulls, oat hulls, wheat hulls, millet hulls, preferably rice hulls.
In a preferred embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, the glumes are rice hulls after about 20-30 days of high temperature natural fermentation treatment with a film-covered seal.
In embodiments of the third aspect of the invention, the composition may further comprise other ingredients which assist in improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits, such as agrochemicals, agricultural organic fertilizers, or inorganic fertilizers, growth promoters, or bactericides, insecticides, etc.
Without being limited by theory, it is believed that in the summer high temperature season, the glume accumulation temperature of wheat hulls, barley hulls, rice hulls and the like is up to 40 ℃ or higher, a large number of beneficial microorganisms such as high temperature resistant fibrinolytic bacteria, hemicellulose decomposing bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes, proteolytic bacteria and the like are easy to survive and propagate, decomposition and utilization of organic matters such as glume fibers, proteins and the like are accelerated, the high temperature treatment is carried out for about 1 month under the condition, the content of organic nutrient substances in glume accumulation is increased, and soil cultivation is beneficial to doping glumes and the decomposition substances into soil, so that the content of soil organic substances is effectively increased, the soil ecological environment is improved, the growth vigor of greenhouse tomatoes is promoted, the roots are strengthened, and the disease resistance of greenhouse tomato crops is enhanced. In addition, after the piled and fermented glumes are aired, the glumes are covered on a protected vegetable field, so that moisture in the air is absorbed, the moisture in the soil is absorbed, the evaporation and the dissipation of the soil are prevented, the irrigation frequency is reduced, the soil temperature is improved, the soil environment and the ecological environment humidity of the protected soil are effectively reduced, the spreading and infection of high-humidity soil-borne pathogenic fungi and oomycetes can be effectively inhibited, the pesticide consumption is reduced, the yield and the quality of the greenhouse tomatoes are improved, and the novel pollution-free cultivation technology for the greenhouse tomatoes is established.
The term "about" as used herein is to be understood to be within normal tolerances in the art, e.g., within two standard deviations of the mean, unless specifically indicated or apparent from the context. "about" is understood to mean within 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05% or 0.01% of the stated value. All numbers provided in the specification and claims may be modified by the term "about" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, all such modifications and substitutions being within the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Examples
1. Materials and methods
1.1 Rice husk Material treatment
And purchasing a proper amount of rice hull material, stacking rice hulls in summer in high-temperature seasons, and then coating and sealing the rice hulls for natural fermentation treatment at high temperature for 20-30 days, and then placing the rice hulls appropriately.
2.2 cultivation technique of tomato in greenhouse
1) The rice hull material subjected to natural fermentation treatment is subjected to rice hull coating treatment in the seedling stage of tomatoes in a greenhouse in a protected area, and the rice hulls which are not coated in the tomato rows are used as a reference, as shown in figure 1.
2) Selecting 4 tomato greenhouses for rice hull coating treatment, wherein the tomato line is 8 m long and the line spacing is 90 cm, the rice hull coating amount of each tomato greenhouse tomato line is 10kg, 15kg and 20kg respectively, and the rice hull coating treatment of the tomato line is not performed as a contrast WT, and repeating for three years.
2. Measurement index and method
2.1 measurement of humidity and temperature variation in tomato greenhouse
Before transplanting and planting tomato seedlings, respectively hanging an air thermometer and an air hygrometer in the 3 rice hull-treated tomato greenhouses and 1 untreated control tomato greenhouses, uniformly distributing the thermometer and the hygrometer in each greenhouse at 5 positions, measuring the temperature and the humidity in seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruiting stage and maturity stage respectively after hanging, wherein the measurement time per day is 6:00 am to 6:00 next day, and measuring once every 3 hours. The temperature and humidity of the tomatoes in different growth periods are the average value of temperature and humidity statistics of each period, and the temperature and humidity of the tomatoes in different time periods are the average value of temperature and humidity data of the tomatoes in different time periods.
2.2 measurement of soil temperature variation in tomato greenhouse
After the tomato seedlings are transplanted and planted, a sunny day is selected, temperatures at 5cm, 15cm and 25cm positions of the soil surface of greenhouse tomatoes treated by different rice hull amounts are measured by a ground temperature instrument, the depth temperatures of different surface soil at 5 points are measured and measured respectively, 6 points in the morning are recorded every day, temperature data are recorded automatically every 3 hours, average temperatures of 5cm, 15cm and 25cm soil after 10kg, 15kg and 20kg rice hull treatments in a seedling stage, a flowering and fruit setting stage, a fruiting stage and a maturing stage are recorded respectively, and a tomato greenhouse which is not treated by rice hulls is used as a control.
2.3 determination of the index of growth of the aerial parts of tomato
The plant height and stem thickness are measured in the seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage and fruiting stage and maturity stage of tomato.
1) Plant height: the length from the base to the highest position of tomato plants in the seedling stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruiting stage and the maturity stage is measured by using a tape measure, the measurement is carried out by using 5-point sampling, 50 tomato plant heights are measured at each point, and the average value is obtained.
2) Stem thickness: measuring the maximum thickness of tomato stems in the seedling stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruiting stage and the maturity stage, measuring by adopting a vernier caliper, measuring by adopting 5-point sampling, measuring 50 tomato stems at each point, taking the measurement of the thickest position as a single plant, and taking an average value.
2.4 tomato root growth index determination
And measuring the dry weight of the root system and the activity of the root system of the tomato plant in the seedling stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruiting stage and the maturation stage of the tomato. The dry weight of the root system is measured by a ten-thousandth balance after drying: the root system activity is measured by adopting a TTC method (Li Gesheng, 2000, principle and technology of plant physiology and biochemistry experiments, beijing: higher education press).
2.5 tomato fruit quality and yield index determination
Uniformly measuring the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C, free amino acid and nitrate in the mature period of tomato; and measuring the weight of the whole plant dry matter, the number of melon seeds per plant, the weight of single fruit, the yield of the single plant and the total yield. Selecting commercial melon with representative growth vigor, taking front, middle and rear parts of each tomato, quickly pulping, and then measuring the quality of the tomato fruits.
Determination of soluble sugars: determination by using a colorimetric method of anthranone (Li Gesheng, 2000, supra);
soluble protein assay: determination was performed using the Coomassie Brilliant blue G-250 method (Li Gesheng, 2000, supra);
free amino acid determination: determination by ninhydrin chromogenic method (Li Gesheng, 2000, supra);
nitrate determination: determination by salicylic acid method (Li Gesheng, 2000, supra);
vitamin C assay: determination by dichloroindophenol colorimetry (Li Gesheng, 2000, supra);
measurement of the dry matter weight of the whole strain: the whole plant is dried and then measured by a ten-thousandth balance (Shanghai balance, JA 2003);
and (3) measuring the number of single plant melon knots: adopting a counting method;
single fruit weight, single plant yield and total yield: measured using a one-thousandth balance (Shanghai balance, JA 2003).
3. Data processing method
Data processing, tabulation, and mapping were performed using Office2003 software Excel. The significance analysis of the data was performed using PPSS18.0 statistical software.
4. Results and analysis
4.1 Effect of different Rice hull treatments on humidity variation in tomato greenhouse
Figure 2 shows the effect of different hull treatments on the humidity change in a tomato greenhouse. As can be seen from fig. 2, the indoor average relative humidity of the tomato greenhouse treated with different amounts of rice hulls becomes larger than that of the untreated greenhouse. Compared with a greenhouse which is not subjected to rice hull treatment, the relative humidity in a greenhouse room from a seedling stage to a mature stage is obviously reduced by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg of the greenhouse which is subjected to rice hull treatment, the relative humidity in a greenhouse room for seedling stage comparison is 54.78%, the relative humidity in a greenhouse room for rice hull treatment is 48.40%, the relative humidity in a greenhouse room for rice hull treatment is 41.50%, the relative humidity in a greenhouse room for rice hull treatment is 32.78%, and compared with a control greenhouse, the relative humidity in a greenhouse for tomato seedling stage for rice hull treatment is reduced by 40.23% and is more than 15kg, and the relative humidity in a greenhouse for tomato seedling stage for rice hull treatment is reduced by 24.12% and is more than 10kg, and is reduced by 11.1%. The relative humidity of the greenhouse of the control tomatoes in the flowering and fruit setting period is 63.45%, the relative humidity of the greenhouse tomatoes in the 10kg rice hull treatment period is 52.5%, the relative humidity of the greenhouse tomatoes in the 15kg rice hull treatment period is 44.76%, the relative humidity of the greenhouse tomatoes in the 20kg rice hull treatment period is 36.67%, and compared with the control greenhouse, the relative humidity of the greenhouse in the 20kg rice hull treatment period is reduced by 42.22% to that of the greenhouse in the flowering and fruit setting period in the 20kg rice hull treatment period is reduced by 29.45% to that of the greenhouse in the flowering and fruit setting period in the 15kg rice hull treatment period is reduced by 11.02%. The relative humidity in the greenhouse of the fruiting period is 67.78%, the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the tomato with rice hull treatment of 10kg is 56.23%, the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the tomato with rice hull treatment of 15kg is 45.45%, the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the tomato with rice hull treatment of 20kg is 42.67%, and compared with the control greenhouse, the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the fruiting period with rice hull treatment of 20kg is reduced by 37.05 percent and the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the fruiting period with rice hull treatment of 15kg is reduced by 30.06 percent and the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the fruiting period with rice hull treatment of 10kg is reduced by 17.04 percent. The relative humidity in the greenhouse of the ripe stage control greenhouse is 71.56%, the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the tomato treated with 10kg rice husk is 63.5%, the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the tomato treated with 15kg rice husk is 53.4%, the relative humidity in the greenhouse of the tomato treated with 20kg rice husk is 46.6%, and compared with the control greenhouse, the relative humidity of the greenhouse of the tomato treated with 20kg rice husk is reduced by 34.87% to more than 15kg rice husk, the relative humidity of the greenhouse of the tomato treated with ripe stage control greenhouse is reduced by 30.5% to more than 10kg rice husk, and the relative humidity of the greenhouse of the tomato treated with ripe stage control greenhouse is reduced by 17.89%. Comprehensive comparison shows that compared with a control tomato greenhouse, the tomato greenhouse treated by different rice hull amounts remarkably reduces the relative humidity of four key growing periods in the greenhouse, effectively reduces the indoor relative humidity of the tomato greenhouse aiming at the fact that high humidity is a key factor causing tomato epidemic disease, has the most obvious effect of reducing indoor relative humidity by 20kg rice hull treatment, and is more beneficial to inhibiting the propagation and infection of phytophthora capsici, thereby providing a good environment for greenhouse tomato growth and improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato fruits.
4.2 Effect of different Rice hull treatments on indoor temperature of tomato greenhouse
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the average daily temperature of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by the rice hulls is higher than that of the control greenhouse without rice hulls (measured at intervals of 3 hours from 6:00 am to 6:00 am), the average daily temperature of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by the rice hulls is increased by 1.32 ℃ compared with the control greenhouse, the average daily temperature of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by the rice hulls is increased by 2.71 ℃ compared with the control greenhouse, the average daily temperature of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by 20kg rice hulls is increased by 3.33 ℃ compared with the control greenhouse, the temperature of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by different rice hulls in different growth periods is obviously improved compared with the control greenhouse, the raising range of the seedling period is 1.2-2.4 ℃ compared with the control greenhouse, the raising range of the flowering and fruiting period is 1.6-2.9 ℃ compared with the control greenhouse, the raising range of the fruiting period is 2.8-3.4 ℃ compared with the control greenhouse, and the raising range of the maturity period is 3.2-4.3 ℃. The related temperature increment data fully illustrates that the greenhouse tomatoes processed by the rice hulls can effectively improve the indoor air temperature of the greenhouse, and the greenhouse temperature increment is highest by 20kg rice hull processing, so that the influence of outdoor temperature change on indoor temperature change is reduced. The temperature condition for the botrytis cinerea is 18-23 ℃, which is lower than 8 ℃ and higher than 30 ℃ and is difficult to attack. The average air temperature of the greenhouse is higher than 30 ℃ in the fruiting period and the maturity period, and the gray mold of the tomatoes is a leaf disease in the later growth period of the tomatoes, so that the different rice hull treatments are beneficial to promoting the growth vigor of the tomato leaves and improving the photosynthesis of the tomatoes, the growth vigor of the tomatoes is enhanced, the propagation and infection of the gray mold bacteria of the tomatoes can be effectively inhibited, the 20kg rice hull treatment greenhouse tomatoes are more beneficial to inhibiting the propagation and infection of the gray mold bacteria of the tomatoes, the occurrence and harm of the gray mold of the tomatoes in the greenhouse are effectively reduced, a good environment is provided for the growth of the tomatoes, and the quality and the yield of the fruits of the tomatoes in the greenhouse are further improved.
4.3 influence of different Rice hull treatments on greenhouse tomato soil temperature variation
4.3.1 Effect of different Rice hull treatments on soil temperature Change at 5cm of greenhouse tomato
FIG. 4 shows that the temperature of the soil 5cm of greenhouse tomatoes treated with different amounts of rice husk is higher than that of the soil 5cm of control greenhouse compared with greenhouse tomatoes not treated with rice husk, and that the temperature of the soil 5cm of 20kg of rice husk treated with rice husk is greater than that of the soil 5cm of rice husk treated with rice husk and greater than that of the soil 5cm of greenhouse tomatoes not treated with rice husk is greater than that of the soil 5cm of greenhouse tomatoes treated with rice husk in five development periods. The temperature of the soil of the seedling stage 10kg of rice hull treated 5cm is increased by 0.67 ℃ compared with that of the control, the temperature of the soil of the seedling stage 15kg of rice hull treated 5cm is increased by 0.99 ℃ compared with that of the control, and the temperature of the soil of the seedling stage 20kg of rice hull treated 5cm is increased by 2.09 ℃ compared with that of the control. The soil of the rice husk treated by 5cm at 10kg of the flowering result period is raised by 0.44 ℃ compared with the control, the soil of the rice husk treated by 5cm at 15kg is raised by 1.33 ℃ compared with the control, and the soil of the rice husk treated by 5cm at 20kg is raised by 2.61 ℃ compared with the control. The temperature of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm in the fruiting period is 1.63 ℃ higher than that of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm in the contrast, the temperature of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm in the fruiting period is 2.09 ℃ higher than that of the soil of the rice hull treated by 15kg, and the temperature of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm in the contrast, and the temperature of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm in the fruiting period is 2.63 ℃ higher than that of the soil of the rice hull treated by 20 kg. The temperature of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm at the mature period is increased by 1.8 ℃ compared with that of the control, the temperature of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm at the mature period is increased by 2.11 ℃ compared with that of the control at 15kg, and the temperature of the soil of the rice hull treated by 5cm at the mature period is increased by 2.74 ℃ compared with that of the control at 20 kg. Comprehensive comparison shows that compared with the control, the four key growth periods of the greenhouse tomatoes are improved in different degrees by the rice husk treatment at the position of 5cm, and the temperature increase amplitude at the position of 5cm is maximized by the rice husk treatment of 20 kg. Therefore, the Dapeng tomatoes treated by rice hulls are beneficial to promoting the root system development of the tomatoes, enhancing the growth vigor of the tomatoes and increasing the yield of the tomatoes, and the treatment effect of 20kg of rice hulls is most obvious.
4.3.2 Effect of different Rice hull treatments on soil temperature Change at 15cm of greenhouse tomato
FIG. 5 shows that the temperature of 15cm of soil in four key growth periods of tomatoes is significantly higher than that of control, and that the temperature of 15cm of soil treated with 20kg of rice husk is higher than that of 15cm of soil treated with 10kg of rice husk is higher than that of 15cm of soil treated with no rice husk in each growth period. Comprehensive comparison shows that the temperature of the 15cm soil is greatly improved in 20kg rice hull treatment in four key growth periods of tomatoes treated by different rice hull amounts, compared with a control, the temperature of the 15cm soil in 20kg rice hull treatment maturity period is increased by 2.22 ℃ and the temperature of the 15cm soil in fruiting period is increased by 1.86 ℃ and the temperature of the 15cm soil in flowering and fruiting period is increased by 1.45 ℃ and the temperature of the 15cm soil in seedling period is increased by 1.02 ℃, and the temperature of the 15cm soil in the four key growth periods of tomatoes is obviously higher than the temperature of the 5cm soil after the same rice hull amount treatment, and the temperature of the 15cm soil in the 15cm position is obviously improved in different rice hull amounts due to the fact that the 15cm soil is more suitable for the development of tomato root systems, so that 20kg rice hulls are more beneficial to promoting the growth and development of the tomato root systems, increasing the growth vigor of greenhouse tomatoes and improving the fruit yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes.
4.3.3 effects of different Rice hull treatments on soil temperature Change at 25cm of greenhouse tomato
FIG. 6 shows that the temperature of the soil 25cm of the tomato in the four key growth periods is higher than that of the control, and that the temperature of the soil 25cm of the tomato in each growth period is higher than that of the soil 25cm of the tomato in the control, and that the temperature of the soil 25cm of the tomato in 20kg rice hull treatment is higher than that of the soil 25cm of the tomato in 15kg rice hull treatment is higher than that of the soil 25cm of the tomato in 10kg rice hull treatment and that of the soil 25cm of the tomato in no rice hull treatment is higher than that of the tomato in the control. Comprehensive comparison shows that the temperature of the soil at 25cm is greatly increased in 20kg rice husk treatment in four key growing periods of tomatoes treated by different rice husk amounts, and the temperature of the soil at 25cm in a maturing period is increased by 1.88 ℃ to the temperature of the soil at 25cm in a fruiting period, the temperature of the soil at 25cm in a flowering and fruiting period is increased by 1.55 ℃ to the temperature of the soil at 25cm in a seedling period, and the temperature of the soil at 25cm in a seedling period is increased by 0.87 ℃. Comprehensive comparison shows that the soil temperature rise amplitude at the position of 25cm in the four key growing periods of the tomatoes treated by different rice hull amounts is lower than that at the positions of 5cm and 15cm, so that the slow growth and development of the soil tomato root system at the position of 25cm are determined. In addition, compared with a control, the soil temperature rise amplitude of the soil at 25cm of 20kg rice hull treatment is obviously improved, so that 20kg rice hull is still beneficial to promoting the growth and development of tomato root systems at 25cm of soil, increasing the growth vigor of greenhouse tomatoes and improving the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato fruits.
By comprehensively analyzing the data in fig. 3, 4 and 5, compared with a control tomato greenhouse, the soil temperature of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg of rice hulls is obviously improved at the positions of 5cm, 15cm and 25cm, which is beneficial to promoting root growth and development, and the soil temperature rise amplitude of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by 20kg of rice hulls at different depths is obviously higher than the temperature rise amplitude of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by 15kg and 10kg of rice hulls, so that the treatment of 20kg of rice hulls is more beneficial to promoting the growth and development of the root systems of the tomatoes, increasing the growth vigor of the greenhouse tomatoes and improving the yield and quality of fruits of the greenhouse tomatoes.
4.4 influence of different Rice hull treatments on plant height and stem thickness of greenhouse tomato
4.4.1 Effect of different Rice hull treatments on greenhouse tomato plant height
Figure 7 shows the effect of different rice hull treatments on greenhouse tomato plant height. As can be seen from fig. 7, in the four key growth stages of the tomatoes, the heights of the tomato plants treated by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg of rice hulls are obviously higher than those of the control tomato plant without rice hulls, compared with the control, the heights of the tomato plants treated by 20kg of rice hulls in the four key growth stages of the tomatoes are higher than those of the tomato plant with 20kg of rice hulls and higher than those of the tomato plant with 10kg of rice hulls, the heights of the tomato plants grow from the young seedling stage to the fruiting stage of the tomatoes, the flowering and fruiting stage of the tomatoes rapidly increase along with the increase of the treatment capacity of the rice hulls, and the heights of the tomato plants rapidly increase from the flowering and fruiting stage to the fruiting stage of the tomatoes, but the heights of the tomato plants do not obviously increase from the fruiting stage to the ripening stage of the tomatoes, mainly because the growth from the fruiting stage to the fruiting stage of the tomatoes is slowed down, and the growth of the tomato stems tends to a stable state in the later stage of the tomatoes.
4.4.2 influence of different Rice hull treatments on greenhouse tomato Stem thickness
Figure 8 shows the effect of different rice hull treatments on greenhouse tomato plant height. As can be seen from FIG. 8, in the four key growth periods of tomato, the tomato stem thickness of 10kg, 15kg and 20kg rice hull treated is significantly higher than the control tomato stem thickness without rice hull treatment, and compared with the control, the tomato stem thickness of 20kg rice hull treated is greater than 15kg rice hull treated and the tomato stem thickness of 10kg rice hull treated. And the related data are synthesized, 10-20kg of rice hulls are used for treating tomatoes, compared with a control, the plant height and the stem thickness of the tomatoes are obviously increased, and 20kg of rice hulls are used for obviously promoting the plant height and the stem thickness of the tomatoes, so that the growth vigor of the tomatoes is facilitated, and the yield and the quality of tomato fruits are improved.
4.5 influence of different Rice hull treatments on greenhouse tomato root systems
4.5.1 influence of treatments of different Rice husk amounts on root vigor of greenhouse tomatoes
Figure 9 shows the effect of different hull treatments on greenhouse tomato root system viability. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the root system activity of the greenhouse tomatoes is obviously increased in the seedling stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage, the fruiting stage and the mature stage compared with that of the control greenhouse tomatoes after being treated by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg of rice hulls, and the root system activity of the 20kg of rice hulls is more than 15kg of the root system activity of the rice hulls and the root system activity of the tomato is more than 10kg of the root system activity of the rice hulls. In addition, with the increase of the rice hull treatment capacity, the root system vitality of the four key development stages of the tomato shows irregular change, the root system vitality of the fruiting stage > the root system vitality of the mature stage > the root system vitality of the flowering and fruit setting stage > the root system vitality of the seedling stage, and the root system vitality of the fruiting stage tomato is strongest because the water and nutrient requirements of the fruiting stage of the tomato are maximum, so that the root system vitality of the fruiting stage is higher than that of the other three stages. In addition, along with the increase of the rice hull treatment capacity, the root system activity of the tomatoes in the flowering and fruit setting period is closer to that of the tomatoes in the mature period, because the growth rate of the tomatoes in the flowering and fruit setting period is high, more water and nutrient are required to be supplied in a short period, and the water and nutrient requirements of the tomatoes in the mature period are relatively reduced in the later growth period, so that the root system activity of the tomatoes is relatively slow. Along with the increase of the rice hull treatment capacity, the root system activity of the tomato in the seedling stage gradually increases, but the growth vigor of the tomato in the seedling stage is weaker, and the relatively smaller water and nutrient content can meet the requirements of the growth and development of the tomato, so that the root system activity is the lowest. Comprehensive comparison shows that 10-20kg of rice hull treated greenhouse tomatoes obviously improve the activity of tomato root systems, and 20kg of rice hull treated obviously improve the activity of tomato root systems, so that 20kg of rice hull treated is more suitable for promoting the growth and development of the tomato root systems, thereby being beneficial to the growth vigor of greenhouse tomatoes and further improving the quality and yield of tomato fruits.
4.5.2 influence of treatments with different Rice husk amounts on greenhouse tomato root System Dry weight
Figure 10 shows the effect of different hull treatments on greenhouse tomato root system dry weight. As can be seen from fig. 10, the root dry weight of the greenhouse tomatoes in the seedling stage, the flowering and fruit setting stage and the fruiting stage is gradually increased compared with that of the control greenhouse tomatoes after being treated by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg of rice hulls, and the root dry weight of the seedling stage is respectively increased by 11.1%, 27.7% and 38.0% compared with that of the control; the dry weight of root system in flowering and fruit setting period is increased by 14.0%, 25.7% and 36.4% respectively compared with the control; the dry weight of the root system in the fruiting period is respectively increased by 12.5%, 25% and 34.4% compared with that of the control; the dry weight of the root system in the mature period is respectively increased by 5.1 percent, 10.3 percent and 12.8 percent compared with the control, and the change trend of the dry weight of the root system in the four key development periods of the tomato after the treatment of 10kg, 15kg and 20kg is that the dry weight of the root system in the mature period is 4.05g, 4.56g, 4.87g which is more than 3.73g, 4.25g and 4.56g which is more than 3.24g, 3.76g and 4.23g which are more than 1.78g, 2.34g and 2.78g of the dry weight of the root system in the flowering and fruit setting period. The related data show that the dry weight of the root system of the tomatoes treated by different rice hull amounts is obviously higher than that of the root system of the tomatoes in the seedling stage and the flowering and fruit setting stage, and the growing trend of the dry weight of the root system of the tomatoes in the seedling stage and the flowering and fruit setting stage is relatively slow, and the growing trend of the root system is stable because the water and nutrient requirements of the tomato in the seedling stage and the maturity stage are relatively high, so that the root system grows and develops relatively fast, the dry weight increase is relatively high, and the water and nutrient requirements of the tomatoes in the seedling stage and the flowering and fruit setting stage are relatively less. Comprehensive comparison shows that the dry weight of the root system of the tomatoes in the four development stages after the rice hull treatment of 10-20kg is obviously increased compared with that of a control, and the dry weight of the root system of the tomatoes is obviously increased after the rice hull treatment of 20kg, so that the growth vigor of the tomatoes in a greenhouse is facilitated, and the quality and the yield of the tomato fruits are improved.
4.6 Effect of different Rice hull treatments on tomato fruit
4.6.1 Effect of different Rice husk amount treatments on tomato fruit quality
Tables 1, 2, 3 show the effect of different rice hull treatments on tomato fruit quality. As can be seen from tables 1, 2 and 3, the fruit quality of the tomatoes in the greenhouse is obviously improved from the fruiting period to the maturity period after being treated by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg of rice hulls, compared with the tomato in the control greenhouse, the soluble sugar content, the soluble protein content and the vitamin C content of the fruits in the two development periods after being treated by different rice hull amounts are obviously higher than those of the control greenhouse, the difference between free amino acids and the free amino acids is not obvious compared with that of the blank control greenhouse, and the increment degree of the soluble sugar content, the soluble protein content and the vitamin C content of the fruits treated by 20kg of rice hulls is more than 15kg of the increment degree of the soluble sugar content, the increment degree of the soluble protein content and the vitamin C content of the fruits treated by rice hulls is more than 10kg of the increment degree of the soluble sugar content, the soluble protein content and the increment degree of the vitamin C content of the fruits treated by rice hulls. In addition, compared with the control tomato, after the treatment of different rice hull amounts, the nitrate content of the tomato in the two later development stages is obviously reduced compared with the control tomato, and the decrease degree of the nitrate content of 20kg of rice hull treated fruits is more than 15kg of rice hull treated fruits and the decrease degree of the nitrate content of 10kg of rice hull treated fruits is more than 10kg of rice hull treated fruits, which shows that the rice hull treatment is beneficial to improving the quality of tomato fruits and obviously improves the internal quality of the fruits. Comprehensive comparison analysis shows that the treatment of 10-20kg of rice hulls obviously improves the quality of tomato fruits, and the treatment of 20kg of rice hulls obviously improves the quality of tomato fruits.
TABLE 1.10 kg influence of rice hull treated greenhouse tomatoes on tomato fruit quality
Note that: statistical analysis was performed using SPSS18.0 and LSD multiplex comparison for differential literature analysis, with the same column data lower case different, indicating a significant difference of up to 5%.
TABLE 2.15 kg influence of rice hull treated greenhouse tomatoes on tomato fruit quality
Note that: statistical analysis was performed using SPSS18.0 and LSD multiplex comparison for differential literature analysis, with the same column data lower case different, indicating a significant difference of up to 5%.
TABLE 3 influence of 20kg Rice husk treated greenhouse tomatoes on tomato fruit quality
Note that: statistical analysis was performed using SPSS18.0 and LSD multiplex comparison for differential literature analysis, with the same column data lower case different, indicating a significant difference of up to 5%.
4.6.2 Effect of different Rice hull treatments on tomato fruit yield
Table 4 shows the effect of different hull treatments on tomato fruit yield. As can be seen from Table 4, the total yield of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg is higher than that of the control tomatoes which are not treated by rice hulls, the total yield of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by 20kg is increased by 18.25% to more than 15kg compared with that of the control tomatoes treated by rice hulls, the total yield of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by 10kg to more than 10.04% compared with that of the control tomatoes treated by rice hulls is increased by 10.7%, and the fact that 10-20kg of the greenhouse tomatoes treated by rice hulls increases the yield of tomatoes, improves the economic benefit and more obviously increases the yield of tomatoes treated by 20kg of rice hulls.
TABLE 4 influence of Rice husk treatment on the quality of tomato whole plant dry matter, number of individual plants, weight of individual fruits, individual plant yield and total yield
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Note that: statistical analysis was performed using SPSS18.0 and LSD multiplex comparison for differential literature analysis, with the same column data lower case different, indicating a significant difference of up to 5%.
The comprehensive comparison analysis shows that the relative humidity of greenhouse tomatoes treated by 10kg, 15kg and 20kg of rice hulls is obviously lower than that of control tomato sheds compared with greenhouse tomatoes not treated by rice hulls, wherein the relative humidity of greenhouse tomatoes treated by 20kg of rice hulls is most obviously reduced, and good environment is provided for growth of greenhouse tomatoes. In addition, 10-20kg of greenhouse tomatoes treated by rice hulls effectively promote the growth vigor of the tomatoes in seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruiting stage and maturity stage, wherein the stem height, stem thickness, root activity and root dry weight of the tomatoes are obviously higher than those of the tomatoes which are not treated by the rice hulls, the yield and quality of the tomatoes are obviously improved, and the 20kg of rice hull treatment cultivation technology has outstanding advantages.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some or all of the technical features thereof, without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the invention; and such modifications or substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving the quality and yield of greenhouse tomato fruits, comprising the steps of: rice hulls are applied in rows between greenhouse tomato cultivation rooms,
wherein Shi Daoke is covered in the seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruiting stage and maturity stage of the greenhouse tomatoes,
the rice hulls are rice hulls subjected to film-covered sealing high-temperature natural fermentation treatment for 20-30 days,
the rice husk is used in an amount of about 2.8kg/m based on the area of the greenhouse tomato cultivation space 2 And (2) and
the improvement of the quality of the greenhouse tomato fruits is that the content of soluble sugar, the content of soluble protein and the content of vitamin C are increased, and the content of nitrate is reduced.
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