CN110972839A - Greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling raising and insect prevention cultivation method - Google Patents
Greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling raising and insect prevention cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972839A CN110972839A CN201911388682.7A CN201911388682A CN110972839A CN 110972839 A CN110972839 A CN 110972839A CN 201911388682 A CN201911388682 A CN 201911388682A CN 110972839 A CN110972839 A CN 110972839A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cherry tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling and insect prevention cultivation method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1 seedling raising; step S11, seed soaking and germination accelerating: sun-sowing the selected spring sowing seeds for 1 day, sun-sowing the seeds in autumn for 2-3 hours, and pre-soaking the seeds in water at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 30 minutes; step S12, preparing nutrient fertilizer soil; step S13, sowing seeds; step S14, seedling separation: dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 1-leaf 1-heart stage, and dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 3-leaf 1-heart stage for two times, wherein the more times of seedling division are, the more fruits are hung, and the fruit bearing can be realized at the height of 25 cm; watering thoroughly after seedling separation, raising the temperature to 25-28 ℃, cooling to 20-25 ℃ after seedling recovery, and keeping the temperature at 14-16 ℃ at night; and managing the seedling stage according to a certain step S15; step S2, planting; step S3, managing after planting; and step S4, harvesting. The invention is suitable for early maturing cultivation, and has good growth vigor, strong disease and pest resistance and high survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cherry tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling insect-prevention cultivation method.
Background
The cherry tomato belongs to the family of the tomato, has wide cultivation range, is planted in the south and north of China, is suitable for tropical and temperate regions, has sweet, sour and slightly cold fruit diameter of about 1-3 cm, and enters liver, stomach and lung channels; has effects in promoting salivation, quenching thirst, invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood, calming liver, tonifying blood, nourishing blood, and stimulating appetite; can be used for treating thirst and anorexia. It is not only a vegetable but also a fruit, not only has bright color and beautiful shape, but also has palatable taste and rich nutrition. As the tomato fruit juice contains all the nutrient components of the tomatoes, the vitamin content of the tomato fruit juice is higher than that of the common tomatoes, and the tomato fruit juice is one of four fruits which are preferentially popularized by the grain and agriculture organization of the United nations. The cherry tomato cultivation method is popular among audiences, but is easy to be attacked by pests when being cultivated and planted, and particularly cherry tomato cultivation in a greenhouse is easier to be attacked by the pests and the diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the greenhouse cherry tomato seedling and insect prevention cultivation method which is early-maturing cultivation, good in growth vigor, strong in disease and insect pest resistance and high in survival rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a greenhouse cherry tomato seedling and disease and pest prevention cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step S1 seedling raising:
step S11, soaking seeds: and selecting infinite growth type seeds. Sun-drying the selected spring sowing seeds for 1 day, pre-soaking the seeds in water at 45 ℃ for 30 minutes, sun-drying the seeds in autumn for 2 to 3 hours, and pre-soaking the seeds in water at 45 ℃ for 30 minutes;
step S12, preparing nutrient fertilizer soil: the nutrient soil comprises 40 percent of field soil or field soil, 40 percent of decomposed cow dung or grass carbon and 20 percent of fine sand or fine furnace ash by mass percent; adding 200 g of urea and 2 kg of calcium superphosphate into per cubic meter of nutrient soil, and uniformly mixing to form nutrient fertilizer soil; before sowing, sterilizing the nutrient fertilizer soil by adopting camphor extract and garlic extract;
step S13, sowing: spreading the prepared nutrient fertilizer soil on a seedbed to a thickness of 10 cm, and thoroughly watering the bottom water; sowing according to the density of 3 multiplied by 3 cm (the length and the width are 3 multiplied by 3 cm), covering soil of 1.5 cm after sowing, covering a mulching film for heat preservation, and increasing the temperature to 30 ℃; after the seedlings are completely grown, the temperature is reduced to 20-25 ℃, and the temperature is kept at 15-16 ℃ at night.
Step S14, seedling separation: dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 1-leaf 1-heart stage, and dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 3-leaf 1-heart stage, wherein the seedlings are divided into two times (the seedlings can be divided for multiple times, the more the seedling dividing times are, the more fruits are hung), and the seedlings can be divided into two times when the height is 25 cm; watering thoroughly after seedling separation, raising the temperature to 25-28 ℃, cooling to 20-25 ℃ after seedling recovery, and keeping the temperature at 14-16 ℃ at night;
step S15, seedling management: weeding, ventilating, cooling and watering; hardening seedlings at low temperature one week before field planting, planting 4-5 true leaves of the seedlings when the seedling age is 35 days in spring and 30 days in autumn;
step S2, planting:
applying 75 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare before field planting, deeply ploughing and ridging after uniformly spreading the decomposed organic fertilizer, wherein the ridge spacing is 60 cm; planting in the morning of fine day 2 in the middle of the month in spring, planting 1000 plants per mu per single vine and 700 plants per mu per double vines per mu; generally, planting in the morning on fine days in the middle ten days of the month 4, wherein the planting density is the same as the density of planting in advance in spring; planting in autumn 8 in the middle ten days of the month after 5 o' clock in the morning and afternoon, planting 1000 plants per mu by using a single plant and about 700 plants per mu by using a single plant and double vines; watering root water for 2 times after planting, sealing a cluster, and raising the temperature in a closed shed;
step S3, managing after planting:
cultivating and loosening soil after planting; when the cherry tomatoes begin to climb the vines, a frame is built or a polypropylene rope is used as a hanging frame, and the vines are bound or the seedlings are led once every 30 centimeters of growth of the cherry tomatoes; removing tendrils, cutting off lateral branches below 1 m, removing cores of the lateral branches above 1 m after 2-3 female flowers are reserved, and removing cores of the main vines after the main vines are full; pruning is carried out in the morning on a sunny day; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse by ventilation; the frequency of top dressing and water filling of the cherry tomatoes is more than that of the melons, the top dressing is performed every 7-10 days in the early growth stage, and the top dressing is performed every 7-10 days later;
step S4, harvesting:
the cherry tomatoes take 75-85 days from sowing to harvesting. In order to ensure that the fruits are crisp and tender and increase the number of fruits, middle-grade mature fruits are collected, namely, the fruits are collected 30-35 days after blooming and when the color of the tops of the fruits is changed to be light red;
further, in step S15, two or three of mixture a, mixture B and mixture C are sprayed together before the newly hatched larvae are not eaten, where mixture a is 1500 times as much as 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, mixture B is 1500 times as much as 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, and mixture C is 1500 times as much as 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention leads the seedlings to have good growth vigor, strong disease and insect resistance and high survival rate through specific steps, and leads the average mass of single fruit to be increased to more than 25-30 g.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling and disease and pest prevention cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step S1 seedling raising:
step S11, soaking seeds: and selecting infinite growth type seeds. Sun-drying the selected spring sowing seeds for 1 day, pre-soaking the seeds in water at 45 ℃ for 30 minutes, sun-drying the seeds in autumn for 2 to 3 hours, and pre-soaking the seeds in water at 45 ℃ for 30 minutes;
step S12, preparing nutrient fertilizer soil: the nutrient soil comprises 40 percent of field soil or field soil, 40 percent of decomposed cow dung or grass carbon and 20 percent of fine sand or fine furnace ash by mass percent; adding 200 g of urea and 2 kg of calcium superphosphate into per cubic meter of nutrient soil, and uniformly mixing to form nutrient fertilizer soil; before sowing, sterilizing the nutrient fertilizer soil by adopting camphor extract and garlic extract;
step S13, sowing: spreading the prepared nutrient fertilizer soil on a seedbed to a thickness of 10 cm, and thoroughly watering the bottom water; sowing according to the density of 3 multiplied by 3 cm (the length and the width are 3 multiplied by 3 cm), covering soil of 1.5 cm after sowing, covering a mulching film for heat preservation, and increasing the temperature to 30 ℃; after the seedlings are completely grown, the temperature is reduced to 20-25 ℃, and the temperature is kept at 15-16 ℃ at night.
Step S14, seedling separation: dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 1-leaf 1-heart stage, and dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 3-leaf 1-heart stage, wherein the seedlings are divided into two times (the seedlings can be divided for multiple times, the more the seedling dividing times are, the more fruits are hung), and the seedlings can be divided into two times when the height is 25 cm; watering thoroughly after seedling separation, raising the temperature to 25-28 ℃, cooling to 20-25 ℃ after seedling recovery, and keeping the temperature at 14-16 ℃ at night;
step S15, seedling management: weeding, ventilating, cooling and watering; hardening seedlings at low temperature one week before field planting, planting 4-5 true leaves of the seedlings when the seedling age is 35 days in spring and 30 days in autumn;
before the larva which is hatched just before the larva is eaten, the mixture A, the mixture B and the mixture C are jointly sprayed, wherein the mixture A is 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, the mixture B is 1500 times of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, and the mixture C is 1500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate.
Step S2, planting:
applying 75 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare before field planting, deeply ploughing and ridging after uniformly spreading the decomposed organic fertilizer, wherein the ridge spacing is 60 cm; planting in the morning of fine day 2 in the middle of the month in spring, planting 1000 plants per mu per single vine and 700 plants per mu per double vines per mu; generally, planting in the morning on fine days in the middle ten days of the month 4, wherein the planting density is the same as the density of planting in advance in spring; planting in autumn 8 in the middle ten days of the month after 5 o' clock in the morning and afternoon, planting 1000 plants per mu by using a single plant and about 700 plants per mu by using a single plant and double vines; watering root water for 2 times after planting, sealing a cluster, and raising the temperature in a closed shed;
step S3, managing after planting:
cultivating and loosening soil after planting; when the cherry tomatoes begin to climb the vines, a frame is built or a polypropylene rope is used as a hanging frame, and the vines are bound or the seedlings are led once every 30 centimeters of growth of the cherry tomatoes; in order to reduce nutrient consumption, the tendrils should be removed in time, the lateral branches below 1 m are cut off, 2-3 female flowers are reserved on the lateral branches above 1 m, then pinching is carried out, and pinching is carried out after the main vines are full; pruning is carried out in the morning on a sunny day; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse by ventilation; (in the morning, the ventilation time should be delayed as much as possible to ensure that the temperature of the greenhouse rises rapidly and the photosynthesis is promoted, and in rainy days, the ventilation and the temperature reduction are also required to reduce the nutrient consumption); the frequency of top dressing and water filling of the cherry tomatoes is more than that of the melons, the top dressing is performed every 7-10 days in the early growth stage, and the top dressing is performed every 7-10 days later;
step S4, harvesting:
the cherry tomatoes take 75-85 days from sowing to harvesting. In order to ensure that the fruits are crisp and tender and increase the number of fruits, middle-grade mature fruits are collected, namely, the fruits are collected 30-35 days after blooming and when the color of the tops of the fruits is changed to be light red;
example 2
In step S15, a mixture A and a mixture B are jointly sprayed before the newly hatched larvae are not eaten, wherein the mixture A is 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, and the mixture B is 1500 times of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
Step S1 seedling raising;
step S11, soaking seeds;
step S12, preparing nutrient soil;
step S13, sowing seeds;
step S2, planting:
applying 75 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare before field planting, deeply ploughing and ridging after uniformly spreading the decomposed organic fertilizer, wherein the ridge spacing is 60 cm; planting in the morning of fine day 2 in the middle of the month in spring, planting 1000 plants per mu per single vine and 700 plants per mu per double vines per mu; generally, planting in the morning on fine days in the middle ten days of the month 4, wherein the planting density is the same as the density of planting in advance in spring; planting in autumn 8 in the middle ten days of the month after 5 o' clock in the morning and afternoon, planting 1000 plants per mu by using a single plant and about 700 plants per mu by using a single plant and double vines; watering root water for 2 times after planting, sealing a cluster, and raising the temperature in a closed shed;
and (3) pest and disease damage experiment:
1/100 plots per hectare (100 square meters in 1 hectare drawn) were selected, and the results are shown in Table 1, for the rate of necrosis of 100 square meters of the plant diseases and insect pests (number of plants per 100 square meters of plant diseases and insect pests/number of plants per 100 square meters of density, wherein the number of plants per 100 square meters was 105 plants (single plant double vine type) and 150 plants (single plant single vine type)) in examples 1, 2 and comparative example 1, respectively.
Table 1 shows the mortality of plant diseases and insect pests (aphids, whitefly, yellow tea mite, cutworm)
Results weight measurement
At harvest, 50 cherry tomatoes were randomly extracted from each of examples 1, 2 and 1, and the average weight of each group was taken.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention are all described in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling cultivation insect-prevention cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, seedling raising:
step S11, soaking seeds: selecting unlimited growth type seeds, sunning the selected spring sowing seeds for 1 day, presoaking in water at 45 ℃ for 30 minutes, sunning the seeds in autumn sowing for 2-3 hours, and presoaking in water at 45 ℃ for 30 minutes;
step S12, preparing nutrient fertilizer soil: the nutrient soil comprises 40 percent of field soil or field soil, 40 percent of decomposed cow dung or grass carbon and 20 percent of fine sand or fine furnace ash by mass percent; adding 200 g of urea and 2 kg of calcium superphosphate into per cubic meter of nutrient soil, and uniformly mixing to form nutrient fertilizer soil; before sowing, sterilizing the nutrient fertilizer soil by adopting camphor extract and garlic extract;
step S13, sowing: spreading the prepared nutrient fertilizer soil on a seedbed to a thickness of 10 cm, and thoroughly watering the bottom water; sowing according to density, covering soil of 1.5 cm after sowing, covering a mulching film for heat preservation, raising the temperature to 25-30 ℃ in spring sowing, and controlling the temperature to 25-30 ℃ in autumn sowing; after the seedlings are completely grown, reducing the temperature to 20-25 ℃, and keeping the temperature at 14-16 ℃ at night;
step S14, seedling separation: dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 1-leaf 1-heart stage, and dividing seedlings according to a certain seedling dividing density in the 3-leaf 1-heart stage, wherein the seedlings are divided into two times (the seedlings can be divided for multiple times, the more the seedling dividing times are, the more fruits are hung), and the seedlings can be divided into two times when the height is 25 cm; watering thoroughly after seedling separation, raising the temperature to 25-28 ℃, cooling to 20-25 ℃ after seedling recovery, and keeping the temperature at 14-16 ℃ at night;
step S15, seedling management: weeding, ventilating, cooling and watering; hardening seedlings at low temperature one week before field planting, and field planting when 4-5 true leaves of the seedlings are planted, the seedling age in spring is 35 days, and the seedling age in autumn is 30 days;
step S2, planting:
applying 75 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare before field planting, deeply ploughing and ridging after uniformly spreading the decomposed organic fertilizer, wherein the ridge spacing is 60 cm; planting in the morning of fine day 2 in the middle of the month in spring, planting 1000 plants per mu per single vine and 700 plants per mu per double vines per mu; generally, planting in the morning on fine days in the middle ten days of the month 4, wherein the planting density is the same as the density of planting in advance in spring; planting in autumn 8 in the middle ten days of the month after 5 o' clock in the morning and afternoon, planting 1000 plants per mu by using a single plant and about 700 plants per mu by using a single plant and double vines; watering root water for 2 times after planting, sealing a cluster, and raising the temperature in a closed shed;
step S3, managing after planting:
cultivating and loosening soil after planting; when the cherry tomatoes begin to climb the vines, a frame is built or a polypropylene rope is used as a hanging frame, and the vines are bound or the seedlings are led once every 30 centimeters of growth of the cherry tomatoes; removing tendrils, cutting off lateral branches below 1 m, removing cores of the lateral branches above 1 m after 2-3 female flowers are reserved, and removing cores of the main vines after the main vines are full; pruning is carried out in the morning on a sunny day; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse by ventilation; the frequency of top dressing and water filling of the cherry tomatoes is more than that of the melons, the top dressing is performed every 7-10 days in the early growth stage, and the top dressing is performed every 7-10 days later;
step S4, harvesting:
harvesting after 30-35 days.
2. The greenhouse cherry tomato seedling insect-prevention cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S13, the density was 3 × 3 cm.
3. The greenhouse cherry tomato seedling insect-prevention cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S14, the density of seedlings is 8 × 8 cm or 10 × 10 cm.
4. The greenhouse cherry tomato seedling insect-prevention cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S15, two or three of a mixture A, a mixture B and a mixture C are jointly sprayed before the newly hatched larvae are not eaten, wherein the mixture A is 1500-fold liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, the mixture B is 1500-fold liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin missible oil, and the mixture C is 1500-fold liquid of 50% phoxim missible oil and 2.5% deltamethrin missible oil.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115104489A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-27 | 桂林市农业科学研究中心 | Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115104489A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-27 | 桂林市农业科学研究中心 | Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse |
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