CN115104489A - Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents
Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115104489A CN115104489A CN202210580507.3A CN202210580507A CN115104489A CN 115104489 A CN115104489 A CN 115104489A CN 202210580507 A CN202210580507 A CN 202210580507A CN 115104489 A CN115104489 A CN 115104489A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- greenhouse
- days
- planting
- water
- seedlings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims description 125
- 235000003953 Solanum lycopersicum var cerasiforme Nutrition 0.000 claims description 107
- 240000003040 Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme Species 0.000 claims description 107
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 62
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 61
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 61
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 61
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000009844 Cucumis melo var conomon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005931 Spirotetramat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CLSVJBIHYWPGQY-GGYDESQDSA-N spirotetramat Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC1=C(C=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)C)C(=O)N[C@@]11CC[C@H](OC)CC1 CLSVJBIHYWPGQY-GGYDESQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005874 Bifenthrin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005891 Cyromazine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005800 Kresoxim-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000594031 Liriomyza sativae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005930 Spinosad Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000018137 Trialeurodes vaporariorum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N bifenthrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1(C)C OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000005332 contagious pustular dermatitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyromazine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC2CC2)=N1 LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229950000775 cyromazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 ethyl spinosad Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOTBXTZVPHCKPN-HTXNQAPBSA-N kresoxim-methyl Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=CC=CC=C1C ZOTBXTZVPHCKPN-HTXNQAPBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese zinc Chemical compound [Mn].[Zn] WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940014213 spinosad Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003969 proliferation enhancer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 4
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000132456 Haplocarpha Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000242564 Osmanthus fragrans Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019083 Osmanthus fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000353135 Psenopsis anomala Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052927 chalcanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012365 batch cultivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
Abstract
The invention relates to a double cultivation method for vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The double cultivation method of the vegetables in the sunlight greenhouse comprises the following steps: constructing a single greenhouse and establishing a water and fertilizer integrated system; preparing a water-soluble fertilizer based on the water and fertilizer integrated system; a double cultivation mode; and (4) pest control. The dual-cultivation mode is to arrange the mode A on the ground A for planting, the mode B on the ground B for planting, and after the harvest is finished, to alternately arrange the planting modes on the ground A and the ground B for repeating. According to the invention, by adopting a greenhouse vegetable double-cultivation mode, the problems of low comprehensive utilization rate and continuous cropping obstacle of the greenhouse are solved, the vegetable supply period is effectively prolonged, and the problem of soil salinization in the vegetable cultivation process is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a double cultivation method for vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse.
Background
At present, the cultivation area of greenhouse vegetables is increased year by year, and a plurality of problems also appear: firstly, the comprehensive utilization rate of the greenhouse is low, the weather is cold in winter and spring, the greenhouse is used for heat preservation, the utilization rate is high, the temperature in the greenhouse is high in summer and autumn, the suitable planting varieties are few, and the greenhouse is often lost and left unused; secondly, greenhouse vegetables are single in planting variety, continuous cropping obstacles are serious due to the fact that single variety planting is carried out all the year round, due to the fact that single variety planting is carried out and the climate is limited, only 1-2 seasons can be produced in the year round by the single variety, the product supply period is short, and market requirements cannot be met; thirdly, in the crop growth process, besides the base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is applied at other times, and the inorganic water flush fertilizer is applied in a large amount, so that the salinization of the soil is high, and the product quality is poor; fourthly, the planting experience is insufficient, the cultivation technology is lack of standardization and standardized management, the production benefit is low, and the market competitiveness is insufficient.
In view of the above, it is necessary to develop a dual-mode cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double cultivation method for vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse to solve the technical problems. According to the invention, by adopting a greenhouse vegetable double-cultivation mode, the problems of low comprehensive utilization rate and continuous cropping obstacle of the greenhouse are solved, and the vegetable supply period is effectively prolonged; by using the effect of absorbing inorganic salt in soil by autumn fruit corn, the salt content in greenhouse soil can be greatly reduced, the problem of greenhouse soil salinization is solved, and the problem of greenhouse soil salinization can be completely solved by changing two cultivation modes every year; the water-soluble fertilizer is adopted in the vegetable cultivation process, so that the yield of a single plant of a crop and the content of soluble solid matters in fruits are improved, flower and fruit dropping are effectively prevented, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the yield and the quality of the fruits are ensured; the use of the drip irrigation tape can obviously reduce the water consumption, the water saving amount reaches 40-50%, the use amount of the water soluble fertilizer can be effectively saved through the drip irrigation tape, the utilization rate of the water soluble fertilizer can be improved, and the problems of cold damage and freezing damage of the cherry tomato cultivation are solved.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
step S1: constructing a single greenhouse and establishing a water and fertilizer integrated system;
step S2: preparing a water-soluble fertilizer based on the water and fertilizer integrated system;
step S3: double cultivation mode
Adopting a mode A and a mode B double cultivation mode, wherein the mode A: planting overwintering cherry tomatoes in August to March of the next year, then planting spring-stubble muskmelons in turn from April to July, and finally planting autumn-stubble fruit corns in turn from July to November;
and (3) mode B: planting early spring cropping cherry tomatoes in the twelve months of the current year to the six months of the next year, and finally planting summer cropping muskmelons in turn in the six months to september;
step S4: year-round cultivation and harvest
Dividing the planting field of the single greenhouse into a field A and a field B, wherein the area ratio of the field A to the field B is 1: (1-3) arranging the mode A on the A land for the first anniversary crop rotation cultivation and harvesting according to the mode A and the mode B of the step S3, and arranging the mode B on the B land for the first anniversary crop rotation cultivation and harvesting in the same year;
when the rotation planting and harvesting of the land A and the land B in the first year are finished, rotating the cultivation modes of the land A and the land B, arranging the mode B on the land A to perform rotation cultivation and harvesting in the second year according to the mode A and the mode B of the step S3, and arranging the mode A on the land B to perform rotation cultivation and harvesting in the second year, wherein the operations are repeated;
step S5: and (4) pest control.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by adopting a greenhouse vegetable double-cultivation mode, the problems of low comprehensive utilization rate and continuous cropping obstacle of the greenhouse are solved, and the vegetable supply period is effectively prolonged; by using the effect of absorbing inorganic salt in soil by autumn fruit corn, the salt content in greenhouse soil can be greatly reduced, the problem of greenhouse soil salinization is solved, and the problem of greenhouse soil salinization can be completely solved by changing two cultivation modes every year; the water-soluble fertilizer is adopted in the vegetable cultivation process, so that the yield of a single plant of a crop and the content of soluble solid matters in fruits are improved, flower and fruit dropping are effectively prevented, the fruit setting rate is improved, and the yield and the quality of the fruits are ensured; the use of the drip irrigation tape can obviously reduce the water consumption, the water saving amount reaches 40-50%, the use amount of the water soluble fertilizer can be effectively saved through the drip irrigation tape, the utilization rate of the water soluble fertilizer can be improved, and the problems of cold damage and freezing damage of the cherry tomato cultivation are solved.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step S1, the building of the single greenhouse specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of establishing a single greenhouse on a planting ground, wherein the span of the single greenhouse is 6.5-7.5 m, the length of the single greenhouse is 20-40 m, the shoulder height of the single greenhouse is 1.8-2.0 m, covering a greenhouse film outside the single greenhouse, arranging a film rolling device for rolling and releasing the greenhouse film, and arranging a vine hanging support upright post at the top of an inner greenhouse of the single greenhouse.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: adopt the PO membrane can effectual reduction big-arch shelter and the external heat transfer between, the stability of temperature in the effectual big-arch shelter of assurance.
Further, in step S2, the establishing of the water and fertilizer integration system specifically includes:
a water storage tank, a liquid preparation tank and an organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank are arranged on the outer side of the single greenhouse and correspond to the single greenhouse, and water suction pumps are arranged in the water storage tank and the liquid preparation tank;
arranging a drip irrigation tape in the single greenhouse, and connecting the drip irrigation tape with an outlet of a water pump through a pipeline to build a water-fertilizer integrated system;
the volume of the reservoir is 15-30 m 3 The volume of the liquid preparation pool is 10-15m 3 The volume of the organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank is 2-3 m 3 。
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: by adopting the water storage tank, the liquid preparation tank and the organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank with the volumes, the normal preparation and supply of the water soluble fertilizer in the double cultivation process of the vegetables can be ensured.
Further, in step S2, the preparation of the water-soluble fertilizer specifically includes:
preparing an organic liquid fertilizer: taking 900 portions of well water or underground water from the reservoir, taking 150 portions of organic material, 40-50 portions of microbial propagation enhancer and 4-5 portions of biological bacteria, uniformly mixing in an organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer;
preparation of a water-soluble fertilizer: taking the organic liquid fertilizer according to the dosage of 50-75 kg/mu, adding well water or underground water with the weight being 2-3 times of that of the organic liquid fertilizer into the organic liquid fertilizer, stirring, and filtering to obtain primary filtrate and primary filter residue; adding well water or underground water with the same weight as the primary filter residue into the primary filter residue, stirring, filtering to obtain secondary filtrate and secondary filter residue, combining the primary filtrate and the secondary filtrate, placing the primary filtrate and the secondary filtrate into a liquid preparation pool, adding an inorganic flushing fertilizer into the liquid preparation pool according to the dosage of 5-10 kg/mu, mixing, adding well water or underground water until the liquid preparation pool is filled, and mixing uniformly to obtain the water soluble fertilizer.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the organic liquid fertilizer has high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and also contains various trace elements such as calcium, zinc, iron and manganese, so that the soil hardening can be improved, and the rooting of crops is promoted; in addition, the organic liquid fertilizer also contains monosaccharide and nucleic acid, can enhance the drought resistance of crops, and contains unsaturated fatty acid and free amino acid, so that the frost resistance of the crops can be enhanced.
Further, the organic material is selected from any one of peanut bran and rapeseed bran, and the microbial propagation enhancer is selected from any one of molasses and brown sugar.
The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the peanut bran and the rapeseed bran are adopted to facilitate the fermentation and decomposition of biological bacteria; the honey and brown sugar have the best use effect in winter and spring, can improve the ground temperature and promote the rooting of crops.
Further, the number of living bacteria of the biological bacteria is 10 10 ～10 12 The liquid Bacillus subtilis of (1).
The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the number of bacillus subtilis can be increased by aerobic fermentation, and the bacillus subtilis can inhibit the growth of other harmful bacteria in soil after application.
Further, the inorganic water flush fertilizer is any one or more of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer.
The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the inorganic water flush fertilizer can provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for crops planted by crop rotation, and is beneficial to the growth of the crops.
Further, in step S3, the arrangement of crops for the double cultivation mode is specifically:
linking in the mode A: cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in two batches at the beginning of the middle ten days of August and September of the current year respectively, wherein the cherry tomato seedlings are fixedly planted corresponding to the middle ten days of September and the beginning of October respectively, and the tomato products begin to be harvested in the middle ten days of the twelve month until the harvesting in the middle ten days of the third month of the next year is finished; then, respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of March and in the beginning of March, and respectively planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings corresponding to the last ten days of March and the middle ten days of March, starting to harvest thick-peel sweet melon products in the last ten days of March until the end of harvest in the last ten days of March; finally, respectively cultivating fruit corn seedlings in the first ten days of July and the middle ten days of July, respectively planting the fruit corn seedlings in the last ten days of July and in the beginning of July at batch intervals of 15 days, and starting harvesting fruit corn products in the middle ten days of October until the harvesting in the middle ten days of eleven is finished;
linking in the mode B: cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in early and middle ten days of december respectively, planting the cherry tomato seedlings in the early and middle ten days of the next month respectively, and starting harvesting cherry tomato products in the lower ten days of april until the harvesting in the lower six days of april is finished; and then, respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of June and the last ten days of June, respectively planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings corresponding to the beginning of June and the middle ten days of June, and starting to harvest thick-peel sweet melon products in the last ten days of August until the harvest in the first ten days of September is finished.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the vegetable seedling is cultivated in batches, so that the supply period of the vegetables can be prolonged.
Further, in step S4, the crop rotation cultivation specifically includes:
s41 cultivation of cherry tomatoes
Selection of cherry tomato variety: selected from one of Jinfei, summer sunshine and millennium;
cultivating strong seedlings of cherry tomatoes: dibbling cherry tomato seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water and covering a shed film to cultivate cherry tomato seedlings; before the emergence of seedlings of cherry tomatoes, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night; when 35-45% of cherry tomato seeds on the seedling tray germinate and break the soil, lifting off a shed film on the seedling tray; watering the seedling raising tray in sunny days;
planting cherry tomato seedlings: planting overwintering cherry tomato seedlings in September, and planting cherry tomatoes in the next year in advance in spring; before field planting, applying base fertilizer to form high furrows, starting a planting row in each single greenhouse, arranging an operation row between every two adjacent planting rows, wherein the width of the furrow surface of each planting row is 1-1.2 m, the row width of each operation row is 40-50 cm, the planting rows in each furrow are planted in a double-row mode, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1800-2000 plants/mu;
managing cherry tomato seedlings after field planting: timely pruning, reserving at least two robust branches and tendrils, placing and binding the reserved branches and tendrils, reserving 12-16 clusters on each branch and tendrils, reserving 2-3 leaves on the upper part of the last cluster, pinching and capping; when the first cluster of the cherry tomato seedlings planted in the field grows to the peanut size, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application and performing additional fertilizer; wherein the interval period of the top dressing is 10-15 days from the month of twelve months to the month of February in the next year; in February to May, the interval period of the top dressing is 7-10 days;
and (3) greenhouse temperature management after cherry tomato seedlings are planted: the temperature in the greenhouse is high from September to November, the greenhouse film covered around the single greenhouse is rolled up by a film rolling device, the greenhouse film around the single greenhouse is put down from December to March of the next year, and the temperature in the single greenhouse is controlled to be 15-30 ℃; when the outside environment temperature of the single greenhouse is lower than 10 ℃, covering a middle membrane in the single greenhouse, wherein the middle membrane extends to the ground through the vine hanging support columns to completely cover the cherry tomato seedlings;
flower and fruit retention of cherry tomato seedlings: carrying out artificial pollination on cherry tomato seedlings in a flowering phase;
s42 cultivation of muskmelon
Variety selection of muskmelon: selected from Guimi No. 12;
culturing strong seedlings of muskmelon: soaking muskmelon seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, cleaning with clear water, wiping water on the surfaces of the muskmelon seeds with dry cloth, accelerating germination of the muskmelon seeds at 28-30 ℃ until the main root system of the muskmelon seeds is 1.0-2 cm long, then dropping the muskmelon seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water and covering a greenhouse film for seedling culture; before the seedlings of the thick-peel sweet melon are emerged, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night; when 35-45% of muskmelon seeds on the seedling tray germinate and break the soil, lifting off a greenhouse film on the seedling tray; during seedling culture, watering the seedling culture tray on sunny days;
planting thick-peel sweet melon seedlings: planting spring stubble thick-skin melons in the next year in the fourth month, and planting summer stubble thick-skin melons in the next year in the seventh month; before field planting, applying base fertilizer to form high ridges, starting four rows of planting rows in each single greenhouse, arranging operation rows among the planting rows, wherein the ridge surface width of the planting rows is 1-1.2 m, the row width of the operation rows is 40-50 cm, double-row planting is carried out on the planting rows in each ridge, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1200-1400 plants/mu; after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 18-28 ℃ at night, and rolling up the greenhouse films on the two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; after field planting, carrying out single-vine pruning on thick-peel sweet melon seedlings, removing all lateral vines on a main vine, and binding the main vine on a vine hanging support upright post; when the melon on the main vine of the muskmelon grows to apple size, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application and performing additional fertilizer application, wherein the interval period of the additional fertilizer application is 5-7 days;
pollination of thick-peel sweet melon seedlings: pollinating by using bees, reserving one melon at the 13-16 node of each muskmelon, and removing the rest melons;
s43 cultivation of fruit and corn
Variety selection of fruit corn: selected from golden crown or snow honey;
cultivating strong seedlings of fruit corns: soaking fruit corn seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, washing the fruit corn seeds with clear water, dibbling the fruit corn seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water and covering a greenhouse film for seedling culture; before the fruit corn seedlings emerge, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20-30 ℃ at night, and lifting off a greenhouse film on a seedling tray when 30-40% of the number of the seed buds on the seedling tray are broken; during seedling raising, watering a seedling raising tray in the morning of a sunny day;
planting fruit corn seedlings: before field planting, cleaning a single greenhouse, field planting fruit corns on the original planting rows, planting the fruit corns on two rows in each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 30cm, and the planting density is 2400-2500 plants/mu; after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 18-28 ℃ at night, and rolling up the greenhouse films on the two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; drip irrigation and watering under a film, and watering once every 7-10 days;
removing tillering of fruit corn seedlings: one cluster is reserved on each fruit corn, and the other clusters are broken off.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: in the rotation cultivation, the selected cherry tomato seeds have the characteristics of strong stress resistance, weak light and low temperature resistance, short plant internodes, small development degree, high quality, good disease resistance and high yield, the selected muskmelon seeds have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, disease resistance, easy pollination, medium maturity, strong fruit setting capability, good quality and good commodity, the selected fruit corns have the characteristics of disease and insect pest resistance and long fruit ears, the seedling stage is managed, and the supply period among various vegetable crops can be prolonged.
Further, in step S5, the pest control specifically includes:
cherry tomato: spraying 800 times of a wettable powder of 64% by mass of the alum-killing agent for the early blight, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying metalaxyl manganese zinc 800-time liquid with the mass percentage concentration of 58% for the late blight, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying 800 times of pesticide-containing wettable powder with the mass percentage concentration of 50% for gray mold, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying 1000 times of bifenthrin emulsifiable solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2.5% to the trialeurodes vaporariorum, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
thick-skinned melon: spraying the powdery mildew by adopting a liquid of 30 percent by mass, namely kresoxim-methyl and 2000 times, spraying the liquid once every 5 to 7 days, and continuously spraying the liquid for 2 to 3 times; spraying 1000 times of a solution of 64% of arsenopyrite by mass, spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the powdery mildew is sprayed by 1500 times of a spirotetramat suspending agent with the mass percentage concentration of 22.4 percent, and the spirotetramat suspending agent is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; spraying 1000 times of imidacloprid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10% for the aphid diseases, and spraying for 2-3 times every 5-7 days; the thistle disease adopts 2500 times of liquid spraying of an ethyl spinosad suspending agent with the mass percentage concentration of 6%, and the thistle disease is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; the liriomyza sativae is sprayed once every 5-7 days for 2-3 times by adopting 800 times of cyromazine suspending agent with the mass percentage concentration of 10%.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: above-mentioned scheme can prevent the plant diseases and insect pests to the vegetables and handle, is favorable to promoting the output of vegetables.
The noun explains: "peanut size" means the size of the first ear of a cherry tomato that is 8-20mm long. The "apple size" means that the muskmelon grows to 50-100 mm. The greenhouse film is covered on the top of the single greenhouse and sealed with the ground, and has the functions of light transmission and heat preservation to prevent temperature loss. The middle film is a film which is covered in the single greenhouse and extends to the ground by the vine hanging support upright posts, a mulching film can be covered on the ground surface of the single greenhouse, and the middle film is arranged between the mulching film and the greenhouse film.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The double-cultivation method for the vegetables in the sunlight greenhouse comprises the following steps:
greenhouse construction
Building a single greenhouse, wherein the span is 7.0m, the length is 30m, the shoulder height of the greenhouse is 1.8m, covering a greenhouse film on the single greenhouse, arranging film rolling devices on two sides of the single greenhouse, and arranging vine hanging support columns on the top of an inner greenhouse of the single greenhouse; the greenhouse film is a PO film with 10 filaments;
establish liquid manure integration system
A water storage tank, a liquid preparation tank and an organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank are arranged corresponding to the single greenhouse, water suction pumps are arranged in the water storage tank and the liquid preparation tank, drip irrigation belts are arranged in the single greenhouse, and the drip irrigation belts are connected with the water suction pumps through pipelines respectively; the volume of the reservoir is 25m 3 The volume of the liquid preparation pool is 15m 3 The volume of the organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank is 3m 3
Preparation of water soluble fertilizer
The preparation of the water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) formula of organic liquid fertilizer
900kg of well water, 140kg of peanut bran, 40kg of brown sugar and 4kg of liquid bacillus subtilis;
2) preparation of organic liquid fertilizer
Mixing 900kg of well water or underground water, 140kg of peanut bran, 40kg of brown sugar and 4kg of liquid bacillus subtilis, and carrying out aerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank for 30 days to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer; wherein, the stirring is carried out for 1-2 times every day in the first 20 days; stirring for 1 time every 2-3 days after the last 10 days; during aerobic fermentation, a fermentation tank is covered with an insect-proof net to prevent the propagation of flies and mosquitoes;
3) preparation of water soluble fertilizer
Taking an organic liquid fertilizer according to the dosage of 50-75 kg/mu, adding 2-3 times of water by weight into the organic liquid fertilizer, stirring, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, adding the same weight of water into the filter residue, stirring, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, mixing the filtrate and the filter residue, adding an inorganic flushing fertilizer into a liquid preparation pool according to the application amount of 5-10 kg/mu, mixing, adding water, filling the liquid preparation pool, and uniformly mixing to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer; the inorganic water flush fertilizer is selected from any one of ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime;
double-mode cultivation of greenhouse vegetables
Cultivation mode
Mode A: planting overwintering cherry tomatoes and harvesting in August to March of the next year, planting spring-stubble muskmelon in turn from April to July and harvesting after harvesting the overwintering cherry tomatoes, planting autumn-stubble fruit corns in turn from July to November and harvesting after harvesting the spring-stubble muskmelon;
and (3) mode B: planting and harvesting spring early-maturing cherry tomatoes in the twelve months to the six months of the next year, and planting and harvesting summer thick-skinned melons in the six months to the september after the spring early-maturing cherry tomatoes are harvested;
(II) alternate cultivation
Dividing the single greenhouse into a land A and a land B according to the area ratio of 1:1 according to the market demands for different products, wherein the boundary between the land A and the land B is the middle part of the single greenhouse in the length direction and is vertical to the length direction of the single greenhouse, arranging a mode A on the land A for planting in the current year, arranging a mode B on the land B for planting in the current year, clearing crops on the land A and the land B after the mode A and the mode B are respectively crop-rotation cultivated and harvested, then arranging a mode B on the land A for planting, and arranging the mode A on the land B for planting;
(III) double-mode planting stubble arrangement
Mode A crop rotation: respectively cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in two batches in the middle ten days of August and in the first half of September, wherein the interval of batch cultivation is 15 days, after cultivation, planting the cherry tomato seedlings in the middle ten days of September and in the first half of October, and starting harvesting tomato products in the middle ten days of twelve months until harvesting in the middle ten days of the next March is finished; respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of March and in the early morning of March, planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the upper ten days of March and the middle ten days of March at batch intervals of 15 days, and starting to harvest thick-peel sweet melon products in the upper ten days of March until the harvest in the lower ten days of March is finished; respectively cultivating fruit corn seedlings in the first ten days of July and the middle ten days of July, respectively planting the fruit corn seedlings in the last ten days of July and the early eighty months at batch intervals of 15 days, and starting harvesting fruit corn products in the middle ten days of October until the harvesting in the middle eleven days of November is finished;
mode B crop rotation: cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in early and middle ten days of december respectively, planting the cherry tomato seedlings in the early and middle ten days of the next month at intervals of 15 days in batches, and starting harvesting cherry tomato products in the late April until the harvesting is finished in the late June; respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of June and the last ten days of June, planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the early and middle ten days of June at batch intervals of 15 days, and starting to harvest thick-peel sweet melon products at the beginning of September until the harvest in the first ten days of September is finished;
(IV) cultivating cherry tomatoes in greenhouse for winter and spring earlier
1) Variety selection: selecting high-quality hybrid cherry tomato seeds with strong stress resistance, weak light and low temperature resistance, short plant internodes, small development degree, high quality, disease resistance and good yield and unlimited growth type, wherein the cherry tomato seeds are Jinfei;
2) culturing strong seedlings: the cherry tomato seeds are spotted in a seedling raising tray filled with the matrix, and sufficient water is poured; when the overwintering stubbles of cherry tomatoes are cultured, covering a black sunshade net on a seedling culture plate on which cherry tomato seeds are well sown; when the cherry tomato seedlings are planted in advance in spring, covering a white film on the seedling raising tray on which the cherry tomato seeds are planted;
3) seedling stage management: before the emergence of seedlings of cherry tomatoes, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night, and when 35-45% of cherry tomato seeds on a seedling tray germinate and break the soil, a sun-shading net or a film on the seedling tray is lifted off; watering the seedlings in sunny days;
4) planting: overwintering cherry tomatoes are planted on the land A in September, and spring early cherry tomatoes are planted on the land A in the next month; before field planting, applying base fertilizer, making high furrows, starting four rows of planting rows in each single greenhouse, arranging operation rows among the planting rows, wherein the width of the ridge surface of each planting row is 1-1.2 m, the row width of each operation row is 40-50 cm, double-row planting is carried out on each ridge of planting rows, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1800-2000 plants/mu;
5) managing after planting: when cherry tomato seedlings grow fast and have more side branches, timely pruning is carried out, at least two robust branches and vines are reserved, the reserved branches and vines are placed and tied with vines, 12-16 clusters are reserved on each branch and vine, and 2-3 leaf pinching and topping are reserved on the upper portion of the last cluster; when the first cluster of the fixedly planted cherry tomato seedlings grows to the size of peanuts, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application and performing additional fertilizer; in the twelve month period to the next year of February, the interval period of the top dressing is 10-15 days; in February to May, the interval period of the top dressing is 7-10 days;
6) and (3) greenhouse temperature management: the method comprises the following steps that (1) September to November, the air temperature in the greenhouse is high, a film winder is used for rolling up the PO films covered around the monomer greenhouse for heat dissipation, in the third month from December to the next year, the PO films around the monomer greenhouse are laid down for film covering and heat preservation, and the air temperature in the monomer greenhouse is controlled to be 15-30 ℃; when the outside environment temperature of the single greenhouse is lower than 10 ℃, covering a middle membrane in the single greenhouse, wherein the middle membrane extends to the ground through the vine hanging support upright posts to completely cover the cherry tomato seedlings; certainly, a mulching film is covered on the ground, and the mulching film, the middle film and the shed film are matched to form heat preservation, so that the influence of low temperature on the cherry tomatoes is reduced;
7) flower and fruit retention: carrying out artificial pollination on cherry tomato seedlings by using a pollinator;
cultivation of spring-stubble muskmelon and summer-stubble muskmelon
1) Variety selection: selecting a thick-skin melon variety which is high temperature resistant, disease resistant, easy to pollinate, medium-maturing, strong in fruit bearing capacity, good in quality and good in commodity, wherein the thick-skin melon is selected as the sweet osmanthus 12;
2) culturing strong seedlings: soaking muskmelon seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, cleaning with clear water, wiping water on the surfaces of the muskmelon seeds with dry cloth, accelerating germination of the muskmelon seeds at 28-30 ℃ until the main root system of the muskmelon seeds is 1.0-2 cm, and sowing; dropping muskmelon seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, and watering enough water for seedling; when summer thick-skin melon seedlings are grown, covering a black sunshade net on the seedling raising tray on which the thick-skin melon seeds are sown; when the spring stubble muskmelon is used for seedling raising, a layer of white film is covered on a seedling raising tray on which muskmelon seeds are sown;
3) seedling stage management: before the seedlings of the muskmelon emerge, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night, when 35-45% of muskmelon seeds on the seedling tray germinate and break the soil, the sunshade net or the film on the seedling tray is lifted, and the seedlings are watered on a sunny day;
4) planting: planting spring stubble thick-skin melons in the next year in the fourth month, and planting summer stubble thick-skin melons in the next year in the seventh month; before field planting, applying base fertilizer, making high furrows, forming four rows of planting rows in each single greenhouse, arranging operation rows among the planting rows, wherein the width of the ridge surface of each planting row is 1-1.2 m, the row width of each operation row is 40-50 cm, double-row planting is carried out on each ridge of planting rows, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1200-1400 plants/mu;
5) managing after planting: after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃ and the temperature at night at 18-28 ℃, and rolling up greenhouse films on two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device for ventilation, cooling and moisture dissipation when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; after field planting, carrying out single-vine pruning on thick-peel sweet melon seedlings, removing all lateral vines on a main vine, and binding the main vine on a vine hanging support upright post; when the melon on the main vine of the muskmelon grows to apple size, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application and performing additional fertilizer application, wherein the interval period of the additional fertilizer application is 5-7 days;
6) pollination: pollinating by using bees, reserving one melon at the 13-16 node of each muskmelon, and removing the rest melons;
(VI) cultivation of autumn fruit and corn
1) Variety selection: selecting fruit corn with disease and pest resistance and long fruit ear, such as golden crown or snow sweet;
2) culturing strong seedlings: soaking fruit corn seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, washing the fruit corn seeds with clear water, dibbling the fruit corn seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water, and covering a layer of black sunshade net on the seedling tray;
3) seedling stage management: before the fruit corns emerge, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20-30 ℃ at night, and lifting the sunshade net on the seedling tray when 30-40% of the seed buds on the seedling tray break the soil; watering in the morning on a sunny day;
4) planting: before field planting, cleaning a single greenhouse, field planting fruit corns on the original planting rows, planting the fruit corns on two rows in each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 30cm, and the planting density is 2400-2500 plants/mu;
5) managing after planting: after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃, keeping the temperature at 18-28 ℃ at night, and rolling up PO films on two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device for ventilation, cooling and moisture dissipation when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; drip irrigation and watering under a film, and watering once every 7-10 days;
6) removing tillers: reserving one fruit ear for each fruit corn, and breaking off the rest fruit ears;
(VII) pest control, which specifically comprises the following steps:
cherry tomato: spraying 800-fold liquid of 64% arsenopyrite wettable powder for the early blight, and spraying for 2-3 times continuously for 7-10 days according to the disease condition; spraying the night blight with a 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 800-fold liquid, spraying once according to the disease condition for 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying 800 times of pesticide wettable powder for gray mold, spraying once for 7-10 days according to the disease condition, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the trialeurodes vaporariorum is sprayed by 1000 times of 2.5% bifenthrin emulsifiable solution, and the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days according to the state of illness and for 2-3 times continuously;
thick-skinned melon: spraying 30% kresoxim-methyl 2000-fold liquid for 5-7 days for 2-3 times; spraying 64% chalcanthite 1000 times solution for epidemic diseases for 5-7 days for 2-3 times; the powdery mildew is sprayed by 1500 times of a 22.4 percent spirotetramat suspending agent, and the spraying is carried out once every 5 to 7 days and 2 to 3 times continuously; spraying 1000 times of 10% imidacloprid solution for aphid diseases, spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying 2500 times of suspension of 6% ethyl spinosad, spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the liriomyza sativae is sprayed once in 5-7 days for 2-3 times by using 800 times of cyromazine suspending agent of 10%.
Example 2
The double-cultivation method for the vegetables in the sunlight greenhouse comprises the following steps:
greenhouse construction
Building a single greenhouse, wherein the span is 7.0m, the length is 30m, the shoulder height of the greenhouse is 1.8m, the single greenhouse is covered with greenhouse films, film rolling devices are arranged on two sides of the single greenhouse, and vine hanging support columns are arranged on the top of the single greenhouse; the greenhouse film is a PO film with 10 filaments;
establish liquid manure integration system
A water storage tank, a liquid preparation tank and an organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank are arranged corresponding to the single greenhouse, water suction pumps are arranged in the water storage tank and the liquid preparation tank, drip irrigation belts are arranged in the single greenhouse, and the drip irrigation belts are connected with the water suction pumps through pipelines respectively; the volume of the reservoir is 25m 3 The volume of the liquid preparation pool is 15m 3 The volume of the organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank is 3m 3
Preparation of water soluble fertilizer
The preparation of the water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) formula of organic liquid fertilizer
900kg of well water, 145kg of rape bran, 45kg of molasses and 4kg of liquid bacillus subtilis;
2) preparation of organic liquid fertilizer
Mixing 900kg of well water, 140kg of rape bran, 45kg of molasses and 4kg of liquid bacillus subtilis, and carrying out aerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank for 30 days to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer; wherein, the stirring is carried out for 1-2 times every day in the first 20 days; stirring for 1 time every 2-3 days after the last 10 days; during aerobic fermentation, a fermentation tank is covered with an insect-proof net to prevent the propagation of flies and mosquitoes;
3) preparation of water soluble fertilizer
Taking an organic liquid fertilizer according to the dosage of 50-75 kg/mu, adding 2-3 times of water by weight into the organic liquid fertilizer, stirring, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, adding the same weight of water into the filter residue, stirring, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, mixing the filtrate and the filter residue, adding an inorganic flushing fertilizer into a liquid preparation pool according to the application amount of 5-10 kg/mu, mixing, adding water, filling the liquid preparation pool, and uniformly mixing to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer; the inorganic water flush fertilizer is selected from any one of ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, plant ash and lime;
double-mode cultivation of greenhouse vegetables
Cultivation mode
Mode A: planting overwintering cherry tomatoes and harvesting in August to March of the next year, planting spring-stubble muskmelon in turn from April to July and harvesting after harvesting the overwintering cherry tomatoes, planting autumn-stubble fruit corns in turn from July to November and harvesting after harvesting the spring-stubble muskmelon;
and (3) mode B: planting and harvesting early-spring-cropping cherry tomatoes in the twelve months of the current year to the six months of the next year, and planting and harvesting summer-cropping muskmelons in turn in the six months to the september after the early-spring-cropping cherry tomatoes are harvested;
(II) alternate cultivation
Dividing the single greenhouse into a ground A and a ground B according to the area ratio of 1:1 according to the demands of the market on different products, wherein the boundary between the ground A and the ground B is the middle part of the single greenhouse in the length direction and is vertical to the length direction of the single greenhouse, arranging a mode A on the ground A for planting, arranging a mode B on the ground B for planting in the same year, clearing crops on the ground A and the ground B after the mode A and the mode B are respectively subjected to crop rotation cultivation and harvesting, then arranging the mode B on the ground A for planting, and arranging the mode A on the ground B for planting;
(III) double-mode planting stubble arrangement
Mode A crop rotation: respectively cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in batches in the middle ten days of august and the first half of September, wherein the cherry tomato seedlings are fixedly planted in the middle ten days of September and the first half of October at the interval of 15 days, and starting to harvest tomato products in the middle ten days of May until the harvesting in the middle ten days of Mary in the next year is finished; respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of March and in the early days of March, planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the upper ten days of March and in the middle ten days of March at the interval of 15 days in batches, and starting to collect thick-peel sweet melon products in the upper ten days of March until the collection in the lower ten days of March is finished; respectively cultivating fruit corn seedlings in the first ten days of July and the middle ten days of July, respectively planting the fruit corn seedlings in the last ten days of July and the early eighty months at batch intervals of 15 days, and starting harvesting fruit corn products in the middle ten days of October until the harvesting in the middle eleven days of November is finished;
mode B crop rotation: cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in early and middle ten days of december respectively, planting the cherry tomato seedlings in the early and middle ten days of the next month at intervals of 15 days in batches, and starting harvesting cherry tomato products in the late April until the harvesting is finished in the late June; respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of June and the last ten days of June, planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the early and middle ten days of June at batch intervals of 15 days, and starting to harvest thick-peel sweet melon products at the beginning of September until the harvest in the first ten days of September is finished;
(IV) cultivating cherry tomatoes in greenhouse for overwintering and early spring cropping
1) Variety selection: selecting high-quality hybrid cherry tomato seeds with strong stress resistance, weak light and low temperature resistance, short plant internodes, small development degree, high quality, disease resistance and good yield and unlimited growth type, wherein the cherry tomato seeds are Jinfei;
2) culturing strong seedlings: the cherry tomato seeds are spotted in a seedling raising tray filled with the matrix, and sufficient water is poured; when the overwintering stubbles of cherry tomatoes are cultured, covering a black sunshade net on a seedling culture plate on which cherry tomato seeds are well sown; when the cherry tomato seedlings are planted in advance in spring, covering a white film on a seedling-raising tray on which the cherry tomato seeds are planted;
3) seedling stage management: before the emergence of cherry tomatoes, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night, and when 35-45% of cherry tomato seeds on a seedling tray germinate and break the soil, a sun-shading net or a film on the seedling tray is lifted off; watering the seedlings on sunny days;
4) planting: overwintering cherry tomatoes are planted on the land A in September, and spring early cherry tomatoes are planted on the land A in the next month; before field planting, applying base fertilizer to form high ridges, starting four rows of planting rows in each single greenhouse, arranging operation rows between the planting rows, wherein the width of the ridge surface of each planting row is 1-1.2 m, the row width of each operation row is 40-50 cm, double-row planting is carried out on each ridge of planting rows, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1800-2000 plants/mu;
5) managing after planting: when cherry tomato seedlings grow fast and have more side branches, timely pruning is carried out, at least two robust branches and vines are reserved, the reserved branches and vines are placed and tied with vines, 12-16 clusters are reserved on each branch and vine, and 2-3 leaf pinching and topping are reserved on the upper portion of the last cluster; when the first cluster of the fixedly planted cherry tomato seedlings grows to the size of peanuts, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application and performing additional fertilizer; in the twelve month period to the next year of February, the interval period of the top dressing is 10-15 days; in February to May, the interval period of the top dressing is 7-10 days;
6) and (3) greenhouse temperature management: the method comprises the following steps that (1) September to November, the air temperature in the greenhouse is high, a film winder is used for rolling up the PO films covered around the monomer greenhouse for heat dissipation, in the third month from December to the next year, the PO films around the monomer greenhouse are laid down for film covering and heat preservation, and the air temperature in the monomer greenhouse is controlled to be 15-30 ℃; when the outside environment temperature of the single greenhouse is lower than 10 ℃, covering a middle membrane in the single greenhouse, wherein the middle membrane extends to the ground through the vine hanging support upright posts to completely cover the cherry tomato seedlings; certainly, a mulching film is covered on the ground, and the mulching film, the middle film and the shed film are matched to form heat preservation, so that the influence of low temperature on the cherry tomatoes is reduced;
7) flower and fruit retention: carrying out artificial pollination on cherry tomato seedlings by using a pollinator;
cultivation of spring-stubble muskmelon and summer-stubble muskmelon
1) Variety selection: selecting a thick-skin melon variety which is high temperature resistant, disease resistant, easy to pollinate, medium-maturing, strong in fruit bearing capacity, good in quality and good in commodity, wherein the thick-skin melon is selected as the sweet osmanthus 12;
2) culturing strong seedlings: soaking muskmelon seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, cleaning with clear water, wiping water on the surfaces of the muskmelon seeds with dry cloth, accelerating germination of the muskmelon seeds at 28-30 ℃ until the main root system of the muskmelon seeds is 1.0-2 cm, and sowing; dropping muskmelon seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, and watering enough water for seedling; when summer thick-skin melon seedlings are grown, covering a black sunshade net on the seedling raising tray on which the thick-skin melon seeds are sown; when the muskmelon is grown in spring, covering a white film on the seedling raising tray on which the muskmelon seeds are sown;
3) seedling stage management: before the seedlings of the muskmelon emerge, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night, when 35-45% of muskmelon seeds on the seedling tray germinate and break the soil, the sunshade net or the film on the seedling tray is lifted, and the seedlings are watered on a sunny day;
4) planting: planting spring thick-skin muskmelons in the next year in the fourth month, and planting summer thick-skin muskmelons in the next year in the seventh month; before field planting, applying base fertilizer to form high ridges, starting four rows of planting rows in each single greenhouse, arranging operation rows among the planting rows, wherein the ridge surface width of the planting rows is 1-1.2 m, the row width of the operation rows is 40-50 cm, double-row planting is carried out on the planting rows in each ridge, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1200-1400 plants/mu;
5) managing after planting: after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃, keeping the temperature at 18-28 ℃ at night, and rolling up PO films on two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device for ventilation, cooling and moisture dissipation when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; after field planting, carrying out single-vine pruning on thick-peel sweet melon seedlings, removing all lateral vines on a main vine, and binding the main vine on a vine hanging support upright post; when the melon on the main vine of the muskmelon grows to be large as an apple, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application, and performing additional fertilizer application, wherein the interval period of the additional fertilizer is 5-7 days;
6) pollination: pollinating by using bees, reserving one melon at the 13-16 node of each muskmelon, and removing the rest melons;
(VI) cultivation of autumn fruit and corn
1) Variety selection: selecting fruit corn with disease and pest resistance and long fruit ear, such as golden crown or snow sweet;
2) culturing strong seedlings: soaking fruit corn seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, washing the fruit corn seeds with clear water, dibbling the fruit corn seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water, and covering a layer of black sunshade net on the seedling tray;
3) seedling stage management: before the fruit corns emerge, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20-30 ℃ at night, and lifting the sunshade net on the seedling tray when 30-40% of the seed buds on the seedling tray break the soil; watering in the morning on a sunny day;
4) planting: before field planting, cleaning the monomer greenhouse, and planting fruit corns on the original planting rows in a double-row mode, wherein the planting distance of each furrow is 30cm, and the planting density is 2400-2500 plants/mu;
5) managing after planting: after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃ and the temperature at night at 18-28 ℃, and rolling the PO films on the two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device for ventilation, cooling and moisture dissipation when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; drip irrigation under a film is adopted for watering, and watering is carried out once every 7-10 days;
6) removing tillers: reserving one fruit ear for each fruit corn, and breaking off the other fruit ears;
(VII) pest control, which specifically comprises the following steps:
cherry tomato: spraying 800-fold liquid of 64% arsenopyrite wettable powder for the early blight, and spraying for 2-3 times continuously for 7-10 days according to the disease condition; spraying the night blight with a 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 800-fold liquid, spraying once according to the disease condition for 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying 800 times of pesticide wettable powder for gray mold, spraying once for 7-10 days according to the disease condition, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the trialeurodes vaporariorum is sprayed by 1000 times of 2.5% bifenthrin emulsifiable solution, and the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days according to the state of illness and for 2-3 times continuously;
thick-skinned melon: spraying 30% kresoxim-methyl 2000-fold liquid for 5-7 days for 2-3 times; spraying 1000 times of 64% chalcanthite solution for epidemic diseases, spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the powdery mildew adopts 1500 times of solution spraying of a 22.4 percent spirotetramat suspending agent, and the spraying is carried out once every 5 to 7 days and 2 to 3 times continuously; spraying 1000 times of 10% imidacloprid solution to aphid for 5-7 days for 2-3 times; spraying 2500 times of suspension of 6% ethyl spinosad, spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the liriomyza sativae is sprayed once in 5-7 days for 2-3 times by using 800 times of cyromazine suspending agent of 10%.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: a first annual crop rotation mode A, a second annual crop rotation mode B, a third annual crop rotation mode A and a fourth annual crop rotation mode B on the ground A; the first annual crop rotation mode B, the second annual crop rotation mode A, the third annual crop rotation mode B and the fourth annual crop rotation mode A are arranged on the B ground.
Comparative example
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: continuously rotating for a plurality of years on the ground A according to the mode A; and continuously rotating on the B field according to the mode B for a plurality of years.
The soil in the greenhouses of examples 1-3 and comparative examples was monitored, and the total salt content results of the soil are shown in the following table:
the results show that the mode A and the mode B are alternately planted in the greenhouse, the total salt content in the soil where the cherry tomatoes and the muskmelons are alternately planted in the front can be reduced through the autumn fruit corns, the problem of soil salinization is effectively solved, and the salt accumulation in the soil can be reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A double cultivation method for vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: constructing a single greenhouse and establishing a water and fertilizer integrated system;
step S2: preparing a water-soluble fertilizer based on the water and fertilizer integrated system;
step S3: double cultivation mode
Adopting a mode A and a mode B double cultivation mode, wherein the mode A: planting overwintering cherry tomatoes in August to March of the next year, then planting spring-stubble muskmelons in turn from April to July, and finally planting autumn-stubble fruit corns in turn from July to November;
and (3) mode B: planting early spring cropping cherry tomatoes in the twelve months of the current year to the six months of the next year, and finally planting summer cropping muskmelons in turn in the six months to september;
step S4: year-round cultivation and harvest
Dividing the planting field of the single greenhouse into a field A and a field B, wherein the area ratio of the field A to the field B is 1: (1-3) arranging the mode A on the A field to perform first annual crop rotation cultivation and harvesting according to the mode A and the mode B of the step S3, and arranging the mode B on the B field to perform first annual crop rotation cultivation and harvesting in the same year;
when the rotation planting and harvesting of the land A and the land B in the first year are finished, rotating the cultivation modes of the land A and the land B, arranging the mode B on the land A to perform rotation cultivation and harvesting in the second year according to the mode A and the mode B of the step S3, and arranging the mode A on the land B to perform rotation cultivation and harvesting in the second year, wherein the operations are repeated;
step S5: and (4) pest control.
2. A dual-cultivation method of solar greenhouse vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the building of the single greenhouse is specifically as follows:
the method comprises the steps of establishing a single greenhouse on a planting ground, wherein the span of the single greenhouse is 6.5-7.5 m, the length of the single greenhouse is 20-40 m, the shoulder height of the single greenhouse is 1.8-2.0 m, covering a greenhouse film outside the single greenhouse, arranging a film rolling device for rolling and releasing the greenhouse film, and arranging a vine hanging support upright post at the top of an inner greenhouse of the single greenhouse.
3. A double vegetable cultivation method in a sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the water and fertilizer integration system is specifically:
a water storage tank, a liquid preparation tank and an organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank are arranged on the outer side of the single greenhouse and correspond to the single greenhouse, and water suction pumps are arranged in the water storage tank and the liquid preparation tank;
arranging a drip irrigation tape in the single greenhouse, and connecting the drip irrigation tape with an outlet of a water pump through a pipeline to form a water-fertilizer integrated system;
the volume of the reservoir is 15-30 m 3 The volume of the liquid preparation pool is 10-15 m 3 The volume of the organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank is 2-3 m 3 。
4. The double cultivation method of vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the preparation of the water soluble fertilizer specifically comprises:
preparing an organic liquid fertilizer: taking 900 portions of well water or underground water from the reservoir, taking 150 portions of organic material, 40-50 portions of microbial propagation enhancer and 4-5 portions of biological bacteria, uniformly mixing in an organic liquid fertilizer fermentation tank, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer;
preparation of a water-soluble fertilizer: taking the organic liquid fertilizer according to the dosage of 50-75 kg/mu, adding well water or underground water with the weight being 2-3 times of that of the organic liquid fertilizer into the organic liquid fertilizer, stirring, and filtering to obtain primary filtrate and primary filter residue; adding well water or underground water with the same weight as the primary filter residue into the primary filter residue, stirring, filtering again to obtain secondary filtrate and secondary filter residue, combining the primary filtrate and the secondary filtrate, placing the combined filtrate and the secondary filtrate into a liquid preparation pool, adding an inorganic flushing fertilizer into the liquid preparation pool according to the dosage of 5-10 kg/mu, mixing, adding well water or underground water until the liquid preparation pool is full, and mixing uniformly to obtain the water soluble fertilizer.
5. A solar greenhouse vegetable double cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the organic material is selected from any one of peanut bran and rapeseed bran, and the microbial proliferation enhancer is selected from any one of molasses and brown sugar.
6. The double cultivation method of vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of living bacteria of the biological bacteria is 10 10 ～10 12 The liquid Bacillus subtilis of (1).
7. A solar greenhouse vegetable double cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the inorganic water flush fertilizer is any one or more of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
8. The double cultivation method of vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the crop rotation arrangement of the double cultivation mode is specifically:
linking in the mode A: cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in two batches in the middle ten days of august and in the first half of september of the current year respectively, wherein the cherry tomato seedlings are fixedly planted in the middle ten days of september and in the first half of october respectively, and beginning to harvest tomato products in the middle ten days of the twelfth month until the harvesting in the middle ten days of the third month of the next year is finished; then, respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of March and in the beginning of March, and respectively planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings corresponding to the last ten days of March and the middle ten days of March, starting to harvest thick-peel sweet melon products in the last ten days of March until the end of harvest in the last ten days of March; finally, respectively cultivating fruit corn seedlings in the first ten days of July and the middle ten days of July, respectively planting the fruit corn seedlings in the last ten days of July and in the beginning of July at batch intervals of 15 days, and starting harvesting fruit corn products in the middle ten days of October until the harvesting in the middle ten days of eleven is finished;
and (3) crop rotation in the mode B: cultivating cherry tomato seedlings in early and middle ten days of december respectively, planting the cherry tomato seedlings in the early and middle ten days of the next month respectively, and starting harvesting cherry tomato products in the lower ten days of april until the harvesting in the lower six days of april is finished; and then, respectively cultivating thick-peel sweet melon seedlings in the middle ten days of June and the last ten days of June, respectively planting the thick-peel sweet melon seedlings corresponding to the beginning of June and the middle ten days of June, and starting to harvest thick-peel sweet melon products in the last ten days of August until the harvest in the first ten days of September is finished.
9. A double cultivation method of vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the crop rotation cultivation is specifically:
s41 cultivation of cherry tomatoes
Selection of cherry tomato variety: selected from one of Jinfei, summer sunshine and millennium;
cultivating strong seedlings of cherry tomatoes: dibbling cherry tomato seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water and covering a shed film to cultivate cherry tomato seedlings; before the emergence of seedlings of cherry tomatoes, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night; when 35-45% of cherry tomato seeds on the seedling tray germinate and break the soil, lifting off a shed film on the seedling tray; watering the seedling raising tray in sunny days;
planting cherry tomato seedlings: planting overwintering cherry tomato seedlings in September, and planting cherry tomatoes in spring in advance in the next year; before field planting, applying base fertilizer to form high furrows, starting a planting row in each single greenhouse, arranging an operation row between every two adjacent planting rows, wherein the width of the furrow surface of each planting row is 1-1.2 m, the row width of each operation row is 40-50 cm, the planting rows in each furrow are planted in a double-row mode, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1800-2000 plants/mu;
managing cherry tomato seedlings after field planting: timely pruning, reserving at least two robust branches and tendrils, placing and binding the reserved branches and tendrils, reserving 12-16 clusters on each branch and tendrils, reserving 2-3 leaves on the upper part of the last cluster, pinching and capping; when the first cluster of the fixedly planted cherry tomato seedlings grows to the size of peanuts, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application and performing additional fertilizer; wherein the interval period of the top dressing is 10-15 days from the month of twelve months to the month of February in the next year; in February to May, the interval period of the top dressing is 7-10 days;
and (3) greenhouse temperature management after cherry tomato seedlings are planted: the temperature in the greenhouse is high from September to November, the greenhouse film covered around the single greenhouse is rolled up by a film rolling device, the greenhouse film around the single greenhouse is put down from December to March of the next year, and the temperature in the single greenhouse is controlled to be 15-30 ℃; when the outside environment temperature of the single greenhouse is lower than 10 ℃, covering a middle membrane in the single greenhouse, wherein the middle membrane extends to the ground through the vine hanging support columns to completely cover the cherry tomato seedlings;
flower and fruit retention of cherry tomato seedlings: carrying out artificial pollination on cherry tomato seedlings in a flowering phase;
s42 cultivation of muskmelon
Variety selection of muskmelon: selected from Guimi No. 12;
culturing strong seedlings of muskmelon: soaking muskmelon seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, cleaning with clear water, wiping water on the surfaces of the muskmelon seeds with dry cloth, accelerating germination of the muskmelon seeds at 28-30 ℃ until the main root system of the muskmelon seeds is 1.0-2 cm long, then dropping the muskmelon seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water and covering a greenhouse film for seedling culture; before the seedlings of the thick-peel sweet melon are emerged, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-25 ℃ at night; when 35-45% of muskmelon seeds on the seedling tray germinate and break the soil, lifting off a greenhouse film on the seedling tray; during seedling culture, watering the seedling culture tray on sunny days;
planting thick-peel sweet melon seedlings: planting spring stubble thick-skin melons in the next year in the fourth month, and planting summer stubble thick-skin melons in the next year in the seventh month; before field planting, applying base fertilizer, making high furrows, forming four rows of planting rows in each single greenhouse, arranging operation rows among the planting rows, wherein the width of the ridge surface of each planting row is 1-1.2 m, the row width of each operation row is 40-50 cm, double-row planting is carried out on each ridge of planting rows, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the planting density is 1200-1400 plants/mu; after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 18-28 ℃ at night, and rolling up the greenhouse films on the two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; after field planting, performing single-vine pruning on thick-peel sweet melon seedlings, removing all lateral vines on main vines, and binding the main vines on vine hanging support columns; when the melon on the main vine of the muskmelon grows to apple size, performing first water-soluble fertilizer application and performing additional fertilizer application, wherein the interval period of the additional fertilizer application is 5-7 days;
pollination of thick-peel sweet melon seedlings: pollinating by using honeybees, reserving one melon at the 13-16 node position of each muskmelon, and removing the rest melons;
s43 cultivation of fruit and corn
Variety selection of fruit corn: selected from golden crown or snow honey;
cultivating strong seedlings of fruit corns: soaking fruit corn seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 6-8 hours, washing the fruit corn seeds with clear water, dibbling the fruit corn seeds in a seedling tray filled with a matrix, watering enough water and covering a greenhouse film for seedling culture; before the fruit corn seedlings emerge, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20-30 ℃ at night, and lifting a shed film on a seedling tray when 30-40% of the number of seed buds on the seedling tray break soil; watering the seedling raising tray in the morning on a sunny day during the seedling raising period;
planting fruit corn seedlings: before field planting, cleaning a single greenhouse, field planting fruit corns on the original planting rows, planting the fruit corns on two rows in each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 30cm, and the planting density is 2400-2500 plants/mu; after field planting, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 25-35 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the single greenhouse at 18-28 ℃ at night, and rolling up the greenhouse films on the two sides of the single greenhouse by using a film rolling device when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 ℃; drip irrigation and watering under a film, and watering once every 7-10 days;
removing tillering of fruit corn seedlings: one cluster is reserved on each fruit corn, and the other clusters are broken off.
10. A double cultivation method of vegetables in a sunlight greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the pest control is specifically:
cherry tomato: spraying 800 times of wettable powder of the arsenopyrite with the mass percentage concentration of 64% for the early blight, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying metalaxyl manganese zinc 800-time liquid with the mass percentage concentration of 58% for the late blight, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; spraying 800 times of pesticide-containing wettable powder with the mass percentage concentration of 50% for gray mold, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the trialeurodes vaporariorum is sprayed by 1000 times of bifenthrin emulsifiable solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2.5%, and the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times continuously;
thick-skinned melon: spraying the powdery mildew by adopting a liquid of 30 percent by mass, namely kresoxim-methyl and 2000 times, spraying the liquid once every 5 to 7 days, and continuously spraying the liquid for 2 to 3 times; spraying 1000 times of a solution of 64% of arsenopyrite by mass, spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; the powdery mildew is sprayed by 1500 times of a spirotetramat suspending agent with the mass percentage concentration of 22.4 percent, and the spirotetramat suspending agent is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; spraying 1000 times of imidacloprid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10% for the aphid diseases, and spraying for 2-3 times every 5-7 days; the thistle disease adopts 2500 times of liquid spray of an ethyl spinosad suspending agent with the mass percentage concentration of 6 percent, and the thistle disease is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times; the liriomyza sativae is sprayed once every 5-7 days for 2-3 times by adopting 800 times of cyromazine suspending agent with the mass percentage concentration of 10%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210580507.3A CN115104489A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210580507.3A CN115104489A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115104489A true CN115104489A (en) | 2022-09-27 |
Family
ID=83325541
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210580507.3A Pending CN115104489A (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2022-05-25 | Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115104489A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081673A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-05-08 | 安徽省绿溪洲农业科技发展有限公司 | Cherry tomato cultivation method |
| CN104823674A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | Muskmelon organic cultivation annual production method |
| CN110972839A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-10 | 黄国东 | Greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling raising and insect prevention cultivation method |
| CN112913594A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Annual crop rotation cultivation method for cowpea, pepper and pumpkin |
-
2022
- 2022-05-25 CN CN202210580507.3A patent/CN115104489A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081673A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-05-08 | 安徽省绿溪洲农业科技发展有限公司 | Cherry tomato cultivation method |
| CN104823674A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | Muskmelon organic cultivation annual production method |
| CN110972839A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-10 | 黄国东 | Greenhouse spring and autumn cherry tomato seedling raising and insect prevention cultivation method |
| CN112913594A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Annual crop rotation cultivation method for cowpea, pepper and pumpkin |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 戴红宇: "鲜食玉米一年多茬高效栽培技术", 蔬菜科技, pages 16 - 17 * |
| 范红伟主编: "园艺作物新品种与高效生态技术", 上海科学技术出版社, pages: 110 - 113 * |
| 蓝志福;黄俊义;: "厚皮甜瓜冬春茬大棚栽培技术", 吉林农业科技学院学报, no. 03 * |
| 薛强;: "日光温室樱桃番茄及甜瓜一年两茬高效栽培技术", 农业技术与装备, no. 04, pages 257 - 270 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103430799A (en) | Greenhouse Huping jujube culturing technology | |
| CN105210768A (en) | The cultivation method of one planting fruit-trees garden interplanting medicine vegetables | |
| CN107896862A (en) | A kind of greenhouse strawberry High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology | |
| CN108575589B (en) | Method for realizing continuous crop rotation of four crops by integrating water, fertilizer and pesticide in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN113099994A (en) | Early-sowing potato planting system and method for planting early-sowing potatoes by using same | |
| CN104969766A (en) | Method for planting strawberry | |
| CN114175977B (en) | Cultivation method of tomatoes in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN108496683A (en) | A kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick | |
| CN110692459A (en) | Planting method of ginseng fruit | |
| CN110622794A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for sweet potato tips | |
| CN113229065B (en) | Method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata under chayote shelf in high-altitude areas of Guizhou in summer for fruiting | |
| CN112042459B (en) | Annual double-cropping cultivation method for greenhouse grapes | |
| CN210168584U (en) | Double-deck cultivation big-arch shelter that encircles | |
| CN113906965A (en) | Melon multi-cropping cultivation technology for increasing utilization rate of planting greenhouse | |
| CN114303817A (en) | Method for interplanting wormwood under fruit trees | |
| CN113243270A (en) | Ultrahigh-yield cultivation method for potatoes | |
| CN115104489A (en) | Double-cultivation method for vegetables in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN112136613A (en) | Watermelon cultivation management method suitable for four-connected-greenhouse in smoke area | |
| CN113812324A (en) | Method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude area | |
| CN112154882A (en) | Green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of northern rice seedling raising shed | |
| CN110692458A (en) | Cultivation method of ginseng fruit | |
| CN116784222B (en) | Interplanting method for corn and rice in urban agriculture | |
| CN110447483B (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for interplanting small fruit type watermelons and bitter gourds in early spring | |
| CN110754318B (en) | Three-dimensional ecological planting method for grain, vegetable and mushroom | |
| CN111011119B (en) | Two-crop chamomile planting method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |