CN105123419A - Method for controlling plasmopara viticola - Google Patents
Method for controlling plasmopara viticola Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123419A CN105123419A CN201510366467.2A CN201510366467A CN105123419A CN 105123419 A CN105123419 A CN 105123419A CN 201510366467 A CN201510366467 A CN 201510366467A CN 105123419 A CN105123419 A CN 105123419A
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling plasmopara viticola. The method includes decocting Chinese herbal medicines in water, filtering to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract and filter residues, immersing roots of grape seedlings in the Chinese herbal medicine extract to prepare the grape seedlings to be planted, mixing the filter residues, the Chinese herbal medicine extract, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic and soil to prepare culture soil, and culturing the grape seedlings to be planted in the culture soil for culturing, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines include Artemisia argyi, aloe, licorice, camphor tree leaves, rheum officinale, toad venom, common cnidium fruits, clove, urtica cannabina, cassia twigs and pomegranate rind. The method effectively controls the occurrence of plasmopara viticola, and the plasmopara viticola bacteria have low drug resistance level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grape breeding method, particularly, relate to a kind of prevention and controls of downy mildew of garpe.
Background technology
Downy mildew of garpe is caused by Mastigomycotina, Oomycete, Peronosporales, Plasmopara infect.This bacterium is obligatory parasitic bacteria, only endangers grape.Under outdoor cropping condition, germ mainly survives the winter in fallen leaves with egg spore, in warm winter area, is attached on bud and also can survives the winter with the mycelium in the blade hung in the tree.Its egg spore can be survived about 2 years with rotten blade in soil.In spring in next year, when temperature reaches 11 DEG C, egg spore is sprouted in little water droplet, produces germ tube, form sporangium, sporangium is sprouted and is produced zoospore, propagates in the chlorenchyma of host by means of wind and rain, is invaded by pore, water hole, through the incubation period of 7-12 days, produce sporangium again, then infect.Sporangium generates in night usually, has early morning during dew and infects, and the sporangium that could not infect exposes a few hours in the sun and namely loses vitality.Air high humidity and soil moisture greatly, are beneficial to the generation of downy mildew.Rainfall is the Main Factors causing this disease popular.The generation of China's notebook disease in 1899: when falling ill serious, blade is shrivelled caducous, young sprout undergrowth, and fruit yield reduces, product qualitative change is bad, and plant cold resistance is poor.
The method of existing treatment downy mildew of garpe for directly to spray chemical agent, as penta sodium pentachlorophenate liquid, bordeaux mixture, the phonetic copper bacterium ester of Evil frost, the noble suspending agent of copper, green newborn copper, tpn wetting powder, gram dew wetting powder and Ke Bo wetting powder etc.This controlling mode not only effect is poor; Simultaneously multifrequency time, multiple dose are used rear anti-(resistance to) property of medicine easily causing Plasmopara viticola to produce higher degree, thus are caused the failure of the control of downy mildew of garpe.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of prevention and controls of downy mildew of garpe, the prevention and controls of this downy mildew of garpe can prevent and treat the generation of downy mildew of garpe effectively, and what Plasmopara viticola produced in addition resists (resistance to) property of medicine degree lower.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of downy mildew of garpe, comprising:
1) Chinese herbal medicine is placed in water to decoct, filter obtained extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and filter residue;
2) root of grape shoot is soaked in obtained waiting in extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and carries shoot;
3) by obtained for the mixing of filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic and soil compost;
4) will wait that carrying shoot plants in compost to cultivate;
Wherein, Chinese herbal medicine is tarragon, aloe, Radix Glycyrrhizae, camphortree leaf, rheum officinale, the dried venom of toads, frutus cnidii, cloves, numb leaf nettle, cassia twig and granatum.
By technique scheme, the present invention by utilizing the synergy of the filter residue of Chinese herbal medicine, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene and mashed garlic, and then reaches the generation of the downy mildew fundamentally stopping grape.In this kind of prevention and controls, greatly can not only reduce the generation of downy mildew of garpe, also can reduce anti-(resistance to) property of medicine degree greatly reducing Plasmopara viticola and produce simultaneously.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in embodiment part subsequently.
Embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of downy mildew of garpe, comprising:
1) Chinese herbal medicine is placed in water to decoct, filter obtained extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and filter residue;
2) root of grape shoot is soaked in obtained waiting in extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and carries shoot;
3) by obtained for the mixing of filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic and soil compost;
4) will wait that carrying shoot plants in compost to cultivate;
Wherein, Chinese herbal medicine is tarragon, aloe, Radix Glycyrrhizae, camphortree leaf, rheum officinale, the dried venom of toads, frutus cnidii, cloves, numb leaf nettle, cassia twig and granatum.
Step 1 in invention) in, the concrete consumption of each raw material can be selected in wide scope, but the more excellent effect of preventing and treating downy mildew of garpe can be played in order to make the extracts of Chinese herbal medicine that obtains and filter residue, preferably, in step 1) in, relative to the tarragon of 100 weight portions, the consumption of aloe is 25-45 weight portion, the consumption of Radix Glycyrrhizae is 30-40 weight portion, the consumption of camphortree leaf is 45-60 weight portion, the consumption of rheum officinale is 15-35 weight portion, the consumption of the dried venom of toads is 12-35 weight portion, the consumption of frutus cnidii is 80-110 weight portion, the consumption of cloves is 12-28 weight portion, the consumption of fiber crops leaf nettle is 45-75 weight portion, the consumption of cassia twig is 15-35 weight portion, the consumption of granatum is 60-80 weight portion.
In decoction process of the present invention, the consumption of water also can change in wide scope, but in order to make the active ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine all can extract, preferably, in step 1) in, relative to the Chinese herbal medicine of 100 weight portions, the consumption of water is 1000-5000 weight portion.
Simultaneously, in the present invention, the actual conditions decocted can be selected in wide scope, but all can extract to make the active ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine further, preferably, in step 1) in, decoct and at least meet the following conditions: decoction temperature is 100-120 DEG C, and decocting time is 5-8h.
In addition, in immersion operation of the present invention, in order to make the root of grape shoot to absorb fully, preferably, in step 2) in, soak and at least meet the following conditions: soaking temperature is 15-35 DEG C, and soak time is 0.5-1.5h.
On the basis of the above, step 3) in the concrete consumption of each raw material also can change in wide scope, but have to make the grapevine seedling cultivated and more excellent prevent and treat downy mildew of garpe ability, preferably, in step 3) in, relative to the soil of 100 weight portions, the consumption of filter residue is 40-80 weight portion, the consumption of extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is 25-45 weight portion, the consumption of alum is 8-15 weight portion, the consumption of copper sulphate is 15-20 weight portion, and the consumption of ferrocene is 7-12 weight portion, and the consumption of mashed garlic is 3-5 weight portion.
In order to make step 3 further) in each mixing of materials even, preferably, in step 3) in, mixing at least meets the following conditions: mixing temperature is 15-35 DEG C, and incorporation time is 25-40min.
Below will be described the present invention by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1) at 110 DEG C, Chinese herbal medicine is placed in water and decocts 6h, filter obtained extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and filter residue; Wherein, the weight ratio of tarragon, aloe, Radix Glycyrrhizae, camphortree leaf, rheum officinale, the dried venom of toads, frutus cnidii, cloves, numb leaf nettle, cassia twig and granatum is 100:35:35:55:25:12-35:95:20:55:25:70, and the ratio of the gross weight of Chinese herbal medicine and the weight of water is 1:30;
2) at 25 DEG C, the root of grape shoot is soaked in said herbal medicine extract obtained the waiting of 1h and carry shoot;
3) at 25 DEG C, described filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic and soil mixing 30min are obtained compost; Wherein, the weight ratio of soil, filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene and mashed garlic is 100:60:35:13:18:10:4;
4) 100 strains are waited carrying shoot plants in above-mentioned compost to cultivate;
5) after grape maturity, infection rate, the diseased fruit rate of the downy mildew of garpe of statistics grapevine seedling.
Embodiment 2
1) at 100 DEG C, Chinese herbal medicine is placed in water and decocts 5h, filter obtained extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and filter residue; Wherein, the weight ratio of tarragon, aloe, Radix Glycyrrhizae, camphortree leaf, rheum officinale, the dried venom of toads, frutus cnidii, cloves, numb leaf nettle, cassia twig and granatum is 100:25:30:45:15:12:80:12:45:15:60, and the ratio of the gross weight of Chinese herbal medicine and the weight of water is 1:10;
2) at 15 DEG C, the root of grape shoot is soaked in said herbal medicine extract obtained the waiting of 0.5h and carry shoot;
3) at 15 DEG C, described filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic and soil mixing 25min are obtained compost; Wherein, the weight ratio of soil, filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene and mashed garlic is 100:40:25:8:15:7:3;
4) 100 strains are waited carrying shoot plants in above-mentioned compost to cultivate;
5) after grape maturity, infection rate, the diseased fruit rate of the downy mildew of garpe of statistics grapevine seedling.
Embodiment 3
1) at 120 DEG C, Chinese herbal medicine is placed in water and decocts 8h, filter obtained extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and filter residue; Wherein, the weight ratio of tarragon, aloe, Radix Glycyrrhizae, camphortree leaf, rheum officinale, the dried venom of toads, frutus cnidii, cloves, numb leaf nettle, cassia twig and granatum is 100:45:40:60:35:35:110:28:75:35:80, and the ratio of the gross weight of Chinese herbal medicine and the weight of water is 1:50;
2) at 35 DEG C, the root of grape shoot is soaked in said herbal medicine extract obtained the waiting of 1.5h and carry shoot;
3) at 35 DEG C, described filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic and soil mixing 40min are obtained compost; Wherein, the weight ratio of soil, filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene and mashed garlic is 100:80:45:15:20:12:5;
4) 100 strains are waited carrying shoot plants in above-mentioned compost to cultivate;
5) after grape maturity, infection rate, the diseased fruit rate of the downy mildew of garpe of statistics grapevine seedling.
Comparative example 1
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without tarragon.
Comparative example 2
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without aloe.
Comparative example 3
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Comparative example 4
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without camphortree leaf.
Comparative example 5
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without rheum officinale.
Comparative example 6
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without the dried venom of toads.
Comparative example 7
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without frutus cnidii.
Comparative example 8
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without cloves.
Comparative example 9
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) in without numb leaf nettle.
Comparative example 10
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without cassia twig.
Comparative example 11
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 1) middle without granatum.
Comparative example 12
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 3) middle without filter residue.
Comparative example 13
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 3) middle without extracts of Chinese herbal medicine.
Comparative example 14
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 3) middle without alum.
Comparative example 15
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 3) middle without copper sulphate.
Comparative example 16
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 3) middle without ferrocene.
Comparative example 17
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, step 3) middle without mashed garlic.
Comparative example 18
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, without step 2).
Comparative example 19
Plant in soil by grape shoot, every two weeks sprays and once spills pentachlorophenol sodium solution, after grape maturity, and infection rate, the diseased fruit rate of the downy mildew of garpe of statistics grapevine seedling.
Comparative example 20
Carry out according to the method for embodiment 1, unlike, without step 1) and 2), and step 3) middle without filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic; After grape maturity, infection rate, the diseased fruit rate of the downy mildew of garpe of statistics grapevine seedling.
Table 1
| Infection rate/the % of downy mildew of garpe | Diseased fruit rate/% | |
| Embodiment 1 | 4 | 5 |
| Embodiment 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Embodiment 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 17 | 12 |
| Comparative example 2 | 9 | 13 |
| Comparative example 3 | 10 | 14 |
| Comparative example 4 | 11 | 16 |
| Comparative example 5 | 13 | 14 |
| Comparative example 6 | 14 | 15 |
| Comparative example 7 | 17 | 9 |
| Comparative example 8 | 16 | 11 |
| Comparative example 9 | 13 | 12 |
| Comparative example 10 | 14 | 14 |
| Comparative example 11 | 17 | 16 |
| Comparative example 12 | 11 | 15 |
| Comparative example 13 | 12 | 13 |
| Comparative example 14 | 19 | 12 |
| Comparative example 15 | 17 | 15 |
| Comparative example 16 | 15 | 13 |
| Comparative example 17 | 14 | 16 |
| Comparative example 18 | 13 | 15 |
| Comparative example 19 | 10 | 11 |
| Comparative example 20 | 55 | 60 |
More than describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; but the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment, within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in addition, each concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible combination.
In addition, also can be combined between various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (7)
1. a prevention and controls for downy mildew of garpe, is characterized in that, comprising:
1) Chinese herbal medicine is placed in water to decoct, filter obtained extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and filter residue;
2) root of grape shoot is soaked in obtained waiting in described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and carries shoot;
3) by obtained for the mixing of described filter residue, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine, alum, copper sulphate, ferrocene, mashed garlic and soil compost;
4) wait that carrying shoot plants in described compost to cultivate by described;
Wherein, described Chinese herbal medicine is tarragon, aloe, Radix Glycyrrhizae, camphortree leaf, rheum officinale, the dried venom of toads, frutus cnidii, cloves, numb leaf nettle, cassia twig and granatum.
2. prevention and controls according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 1), relative to the tarragon of 100 weight portions, the consumption of described aloe is 25-45 weight portion, the consumption of described Radix Glycyrrhizae is 30-40 weight portion, the consumption of described camphortree leaf is 45-60 weight portion, the consumption of described rheum officinale is 15-35 weight portion, the consumption of the described dried venom of toads is 12-35 weight portion, the consumption of described frutus cnidii is 80-110 weight portion, the consumption of described cloves is 12-28 weight portion, the consumption of described numb leaf nettle is 45-75 weight portion, the consumption of described cassia twig is 15-35 weight portion, the consumption of described granatum is 60-80 weight portion.
3. prevention and controls according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1), relative to the Chinese herbal medicine of 100 weight portions, the consumption of described water is 1000-5000 weight portion.
4. prevention and controls according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1), described decoction at least meets the following conditions: decoction temperature is 100-120 DEG C, and decocting time is 5-8h.
5. according to the prevention and controls in claim 1-4 described in any one, it is characterized in that, in step 2) in, described immersion at least meets the following conditions: soaking temperature is 15-35 DEG C, and soak time is 0.5-1.5h.
6. according to the prevention and controls in claim 1-4 described in any one, it is characterized in that, in step 3), relative to the soil of 100 weight portions, the consumption of described filter residue is 40-80 weight portion, and the consumption of described extracts of Chinese herbal medicine is 25-45 weight portion, the consumption of described alum is 8-15 weight portion, the consumption of described copper sulphate is 15-20 weight portion, and the consumption of described ferrocene is 7-12 weight portion, and the consumption of described mashed garlic is 3-5 weight portion.
7. prevention and controls according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in step 3), described mixing at least meets the following conditions: mixing temperature is 15-35 DEG C, and incorporation time is 25-40min.
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Application publication date: 20151209 |