CN104920508A - Traditional Chinese medicine bactericide for peanuts and preparation method therefor - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicine bactericide for peanuts and preparation method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104920508A CN104920508A CN201510387451.XA CN201510387451A CN104920508A CN 104920508 A CN104920508 A CN 104920508A CN 201510387451 A CN201510387451 A CN 201510387451A CN 104920508 A CN104920508 A CN 104920508A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine bactericide for peanuts. The traditional Chinese medicine bactericide comprises the following components: stone-like omphalia, celastrus angulatus, betel nut, tetrapanax papyriferus, peach leaves and rhubarb. The traditional Chinese medicine bactericide for peanuts is applicable to seed soaking before sowing and leaf spraying in the later period is rich in various bactericidal and antiviral effective components and plays a role of preventing and treating various common diseases of peanuts. All the effective components are traditional Chinese medicine components, so that the bactericide is lasting in pesticide effect, safe and reliable and free of environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bactericide technical field, one to cultivate peanut traditional Chinese medicine bactericide and preparation method thereof specifically.
Background technology
Peanut is one of important oil crop, long-term cultivated area more than 400 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 35% of the oil crop sowing gross area.In recent years, because peanut high yielding variety is promoted and the change, the particularly increase of presbyopic production area continuous cropping area of cropping system, make peanut disease being particularly on the rise of soil-borne disease.Peanut disease has become the key factor of restriction China peanut stable high yield.
Common peanut disease mainly contains following several.
Leaf spot of peanut: leaf spot kind is more, mainly contains black spot, brown spot and net blotch.Three kinds of diseases generally can the underproduction 5 ~ 10%, the underproduction more than 30% time serious.Leaf spot betides the peanut growth middle and later periods, main harm blade.Black spot and brown spot are that the normal of peanut producing region, Shandong sends out venereal disease evil.Black spot, scab is circular, pitchy, raw colyliform arrangement pore (sporodochia) of scab reverse side; Brown spot, scab is circular, and slightly larger than black spot scab, filbert to crineous, there is obvious yellow halo at edge, and scab often connects into the large spot of irregular shape, and scab is just being looked unfamiliar the mould layer of taupe (conidiophore, conidium).Net blotch is that to develop one in rising trend since the early 1980's gradually newly sick, and the peanut middle and later periods can be caused to fall leaves in a large number.Blade there are two kinds of symptom types: a kind of is stain type, and circular dark brown stain, has obvious chlorisis circle around; Another kind is filigree type, and blur margin is clear, in netted large-scale irregular pitchy scab.Two kinds of scabs all there is unconspicuous brown granule point (pycnidium).Three kinds of germs all can survive the winter on invalid body, and conidium borrows the propagation such as wind, rainwater, carries out First aggression and infects.
Peanut Virus Disease: Peanut Virus Disease is of a great variety, occurs the most extensive in China, endanger the heaviest is peanut stripe viruses disease.This disease belongs to the popular disease of the normal property sent out, and occur general in northern China peanut producing region, the general plot incidence of disease more than 50%, peanut is susceptible in early days causes about 20% production loss.Peanut stripe viruses disease is survived the winter by seed, and planting and passing the sick seedling of peanut is the main primary source of infection of disease.Field is passed malicious mode by aphid with perishability and propagates.In field, plant and pass the sick seedling of peanut and usually occur in 10-15d after emerging, there is mottled, light mottled and striped in blade, plant is shorter and smaller.The peanut diseased plant infected by aphid transmission starts to occur chlorisis spot and ring spot at top tender leaf, develop into subsequently light green alternate with green mottled, refute block and occur green color stripe along lateral vein, on blade, symptom remains into the plant strain growth later stage always.
Diplodia gossypina: cause of disease is Diplodia gossypina, belongs to the cotton Diplodia of Deuteromycotina.The general plot incidence of disease is 10 ~ 20%, and serious reaches 60 ~ 70%, and indivedual plot is dead in flakes, even has no harvest.This is sick all can to occur between harvest time from emerging, with before blooming and result sequela contain most.How from main first pair of side shoot or the morbidity of collar place, sick portion produces irregular shape brown scab, and in length and breadth after expansion, around stem one week, sick portion's blackening brown was rotted, and overground part wilting is withered.The close life in disease portion little black grain point (pycnidium) time moist, time dry, disease portion is brown dry rot, hollow in stem, disease kind, invalid, soil, fertilizer is that this disease mainly infects source.The conidium that field germ produces mainly borrows the propagation such as wind, rain, causes First aggression and infects.
Peanut Fusariumsp root rot: peanut pink mold root rot is that one of most important root disease occurs current peanut, and in ascendant trend year by year.Cause of disease is the Fusariumsp of Deuteromycotina, and can survive the winter on soil, invalid body seed alive, can survive the several years in soil, Roots of Peanut maize ear rot all can occur at peanut each breeding time.Infect before emerging and can cause rotten kind, rotten bud; Be injured seedling stage and cause that seedling is withered; Adult plant is injured and is caused that root-rot, brown foot rot and pod are rotten, and the performance of diseased plant overground part is short and small, undergrowth, blade turn yellow, and causes complete stool eventually and withers.Because this sick site of pathological change is mainly at root and vascular bundle, diseased plant root browning is rotted, vascular bundle browning, main root shrinkage dry rot, likeness in form mouse shape of tail, there is yellow-white on affected part surface to the mould layer of pale red (conidiophore of germ and conidium).
Peanut sclerotium rolfsii: pathogen asexual generation is Sclerotium rolfssi Sacc., belongs to Fungi Imperfecti, and bulbil belongs to.Pathogen sexual generation Aethalia rolfsi (Curzil) Tu & Kimbr., belongs to Basidiomycetes.Sclerotium time-to-live on dry soil or withered diseased plant is longer; Under moisture conditions, the time-to-live is shorter.This germ host range is very wide, can infect section more than 60 200 various plants.Distribute various places all over the world, now one of main peanut disease having become China.Southern blight is many to be occurred in peanut strain, and germ mainly infects subaerial basal part of stem.The soft corruption of disease portion initial stage browning, scab surface grows one deck white tiffany shape mycelium.Mycelia spreads to plant middle and lower part stem stalk under suitable conditions, spreads between branch, between plant.When soil moisture covers, around diseased plant, soil table plant residue and organic matter are covered with one deck white hypha body.A lot of spherical sclerotium (diameter 0.5 ~ 2.0mm) is formed in mycelium.Sclerotium is just white, deepens brown later, smooth surface, hard.Basal part of stem of being injured rots, and cortex comes off, remaining bacillar structure.Diseased plant blade turns yellow, and edge is shrivelled, finally withered and dead.Be injured carpopodium and pod grows a lot of white hypha, rots in web rot shape.
Peanut rot disease preventive treatment: be commonly called as decayed fruit disease is one of peanut soil-borne disease generally occurred in world wide, causes harm serious, is difficult to administer, and general morbidity field production loss reaches about 15%, and grave illness field can cause total crop failure.This disease mainly causes harm carpopodium and pod.Fruit of falling ill shows fading in various degree, becomes black from the browning look of shallow table completely to whole pod shell.The pod of different developmental phases all can be injured, kernel also show in various degree rot.Carpopodium fall ill with the joint portion of pod after carpopodium with pod in conjunction with insecure, easily lose during results fruit, strengthen production loss.Normal and the normal plant in plant above ground portion of being injured is as good as, and underground pod is but rotten.Peanut rot disease preventive treatment is the compound disease caused by multiple pathogen, and that clearly reports in China has sickle-like bacteria and pythium spp.
Above disease, outside except selecting aseptic seed prior to seeding, ploughing, ploughing, through being everlasting, seed dressing or each stage of peanut growth use bactericide, and conventional bactericide is tpn, has better control efficiency to peanut fungal disease, and production is widely used.Although tpn is respond well, tpn is high to aquatic livestock toxicity such as fishes, is unfavorable at close paddy field aquaculture and uses near the place of aquatic products, and therefore a kind of bactericide that can reduce tpn utilization rate and usage amount is badly in need of being invented.
Summary of the invention
For solving deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides one and to cultivate peanut bactericide, being rich in various sterilization, antiviral active ingredient, having prevention and preventive and therapeutic effect to multiple peanut Common Diseases, is traditional Chinese medicine ingredients entirely, and lasting medicine is safe and reliable, non-environmental-pollution.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and component comprises stone-like omphalia, Celastrus angulatus, betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant, peach leaves, rheum officinale.
Further, one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is with parts by weight, and its component is with parts by weight as follows, as follows: stone-like omphalia 5-10 part, Celastrus angulatus 6-8 part, betel nut 5-10 part, stem pith of the rice-paper plant 8-12 part, peach leaves 8-12 part, rheum officinale 5-10 part.
As above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is:
Take each component according to above-mentioned weight portion, put into 25-30 DEG C of water and soak 2 hours, boil and continue the 20-30 minute that heats to boiling, and after annealing cooling, filter the dregs of a decoction, liquid after concentrating preservative treatment, filling and sealing finished product.
Wherein, described bactericide is for the seed soaking before sowing and later stage foliage spray, and the dregs of a decoction can be used for mixing when ploughing the control carrying out disease into soil.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is applicable to sow the sprinkling of front seed soaking, sprinkling and final-period management, is rich in various sterilization, antiviral active ingredient, not only has significant control efficiency to by fungus-caused disease, and also have better control efficiency to Peanut Virus Disease.Significantly can reduce the usage amount of tpn simultaneously, reduce the harm that marine industry is brought.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is with parts by weight, as follows: stone-like omphalia 5 parts, Celastrus angulatus 6 parts, betel nut 5 parts, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 8 parts, peach leaves 8 parts, rheum officinale 5 parts.
As above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is:
Take each component according to above-mentioned weight portion, put into 25-30 DEG C of water and soak 2 hours, boil and continue the 20-30 minute that heats to boiling, and after annealing cooling, filter the dregs of a decoction, liquid after concentrating preservative treatment, filling and sealing finished product.
Embodiment 2
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is with parts by weight, as follows: stone-like omphalia 10 parts, Celastrus angulatus 8 parts, betel nut 10 parts, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 12 parts, peach leaves 12 parts, rheum officinale 10 parts.
As above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is:
As embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is with parts by weight, as follows: stone-like omphalia 8 parts, Celastrus angulatus 7 parts, betel nut 7 parts, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 10 parts, peach leaves 10 parts, rheum officinale 7 parts.
As above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is:
As embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is with parts by weight, as follows: stone-like omphalia 9 parts, Celastrus angulatus 7 parts, betel nut 8 parts, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 11 parts, peach leaves 9 parts, rheum officinale 9 parts.
As above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is:
As embodiment 1.
Demonstration test: use of the present invention one to cultivate peanut bactericide, carry out disease-controlling effect test, two pieces, experimental field in Laixi City, Shandong Province Shandong Peanut Inst. experimental field, be second crop soil for many years, disease occurs heavier, each 6 mu of area.Experimental field is numbered No. 1, experimental field and No. 2, experimental field.
The control of test one seed soaking to peanut disease
Carry out in No. 1, experimental field, No. 1, experimental field is divided into 6 regions, ground, 2 mu, each region, and be numbered 1-1 district, 1-2 district, 1-3 district, 1-4 district, 1-5 district, 1-6 district respectively, described 1-1 district is control group, and Seed soaking does not add any bactericide in soil; Described 1-2 district is reference group, Seed soaking, uses the embodiment 1 bactericide dregs of a decoction of the present invention to admix in soil; 1-3 ~ 1-6 district uses bactericide of the present invention to soak seed according to the formula of embodiment 1 ~ 4, is eachly interregionally provided with isolation strip, and preventing from interfering with each other affects result of the test.After peanut is emerged, investigate to Diplodia gossypina and seedling stage root rot control efficiency; Results the last fortnight investigates the control efficiency to peanut later stage root rot and fruit rot.
Disease index=∑ (morbidity level typical value × diseased plant number at different levels) × 100/ (investigating total strain number × superlative degree morbidity typical value)
Control efficiency=[(contrast disease index-process disease index)/contrast disease index] × 100%
By the fungicide seed treatment of different ratio control peanut soil-borne disease, field test results show to Diplodia gossypina and seedling stage root rot all have obvious control efficiency (table 1).And the peanut later stage root rot of centering deuterogenesis and fruit rot also have certain effect, but not as to disease control successful, illustrate that different ratio bactericide has certain lasting period (table 2).
The control efficiency of table 1, different ratio bactericide seed soaking to peanut sprout term disease
The control efficiency of table 2, different ratio bactericide seed soaking to peanut Diseases at Medium-late Growth
Test two sprays the control to peanut disease
In No. 2, experimental field, all do not use antibacterial agent when ploughing early stage and soak seed, carry out foliage spray at disease initial stage of origination.No. 2, experimental field is divided into 6 regions, ground, 2 mu, each region, and is numbered 2-1 district, 2-2 district, 2-3 district, 2-4 district, 2-5 district, 2-6 district respectively, described 2-1 district is control group, and clear water sprays; Described 2-2 district is reference group, uses 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid to spray; 2-3 ~ 2-6 district is that the formula using bactericide of the present invention to be mixed with 10% tpn according to embodiment 2 ~ 4 sprays, and is eachly interregionally provided with isolation strip, and preventing from interfering with each other affects experimental result.
Medicament sprays latter two week, and investigation different ratio bactericide is to the control efficiency of leaf spot of peanut and virus disease.
Disease index=∑ (morbidity level typical value × diseased plant number at different levels) × 100/ (investigating total strain number × superlative degree morbidity typical value)
Control efficiency=[(contrast disease index-process disease index)/contrast disease index] × 100%
Spray cure plant disease of peanut at the bactericide of disease initial stage of origination different ratio, field test results shows all there is remarkable control efficiency (table 3) to leaf spot of peanut and virus disease, and tpn is poor to Peanut Virus Disease control efficiency.
Table 3 different ratio bactericide sprays the control efficiency to leaf spot of peanut and virus disease
To sum up, of the present invention one cultivates peanut bactericide, can effective prevention and cure peanut disease, not only has significant control efficiency to by fungus-caused disease, and also has better control efficiency to Peanut Virus Disease.Significantly can reduce the usage amount of tpn simultaneously, reduce the harm that marine industry is brought.
In the above-described embodiments, preferred forms of the present invention is described, obviously, under inventive concept of the present invention, still can make a lot of change.At this, should illustrate, any change made under inventive concept of the present invention all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. one to cultivate peanut bactericide, it is characterized in that: described component comprises stone-like omphalia, Celastrus angulatus, betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant, peach leaves, rheum officinale.
2. as claimed in claim 1 one to cultivate peanut bactericide, it is characterized in that: its component is with parts by weight, as follows: stone-like omphalia 5-10 part, Celastrus angulatus 6-8 part, betel nut 5-10 part, stem pith of the rice-paper plant 8-12 part, peach leaves 8-12 part, rheum officinale 5-10 part.
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 one to cultivate peanut bactericide, its preparation method is:
Take each component according to above-mentioned weight portion, put into 25-30 DEG C of water and soak 2 hours, boil and continue the 20-30 minute that heats to boiling, and after annealing cooling, filter the dregs of a decoction, liquid after concentrating preservative treatment, filling and sealing finished product.
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| CN107628826A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-26 | 龚春华 | A kind of nutritional agents for peanut cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN107698282A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-16 | 龚春华 | It is a kind of to be used to improve nutritional agents of peanut yield and preparation method thereof |
| CN107721467A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-23 | 龚春华 | A kind of nutritional agents for dramatically increasing peanut rice diameter and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123803A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2015-12-09 | 唐睿 | Botanical fungicide containing thymol and kasugamycin |
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| CN107628826A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-26 | 龚春华 | A kind of nutritional agents for peanut cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN107698282A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-16 | 龚春华 | It is a kind of to be used to improve nutritional agents of peanut yield and preparation method thereof |
| CN107721467A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-23 | 龚春华 | A kind of nutritional agents for dramatically increasing peanut rice diameter and preparation method thereof |
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