CN104920508B - One cultivates peanut traditional Chinese medicine bactericide and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
One cultivates peanut traditional Chinese medicine bactericide and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Cultivated peanut bactericide the invention discloses one, component includes stone-like omphalia, Celastrus angulatus, betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant, peach leaves, rheum officinale.The present invention is applied to seed soaking and later stage foliage spray before sowing, rich in various sterilization, antiviral active ingredient, has prevention and preventive and therapeutic effect to Common Diseases of cultivating peanut more, is all traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, lasting medicine, securely and reliably, non-environmental-pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bactericide technical field, specifically one cultivates peanut traditional Chinese medicine bactericide and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Peanut is one of important oil crops, long-term more than 400 ten thousand hectares of cultivated area, accounts for the oil crops sowing gross area
35%.In recent years, because peanut high-yield variety promotes the change with cropping system, particularly presbyopic production district continuous cropping area
Increase, makes peanut disease particularly soil-borne disease be on the rise.It is steady that peanut disease has turned into restriction China's peanut high yield
An important factor for production.
Common peanut disease mainly has following several.
Leaf spot of peanut：Leaf spot species is more, mainly there is black spot, brown spot and net blotch.Three kinds of diseases typically may be used
The underproduction 5~10%, the underproduction more than 30% when serious.Leaf spot betides peanut growth middle and later periods, main harm blade.Black spot
It is the normal hair venereal disease evil in Shandong peanut producing region with brown spot.Black spot, scab is circular, dark brown, the life colyliform arrangement of scab reverse side
Pore (sporodochia)；Brown spot, scab is circular, and more slightly larger than black spot scab, filbert to crineous, edge has substantially
Yellow halo, scab often connects into the big spot of irregular shape, and scab is just being looked unfamiliar the mould layer of taupe (conidiophore, mitogenetic spore
Son).Net blotch is gradually to develop a kind of new disease in rising trend since the early 1980's, and the peanut middle and later periods can be caused largely to fall
Leaf.There are two kinds of symptom types on blade：One kind is stain type, circular dark brown stain, around there is obvious chlorisis circle；It is another
For filigree type, blur margin is clear, in netted large-scale irregular dark brown scab.There is unconspicuous brown small on two kinds of scabs
Grain point (pycnidia).Three kinds of germs can survive the winter on invalid body, and conidium borrows wind, rainwater etc. to propagate, and just invade
Contaminate and infect again.
Peanut Virus Disease：Peanut Virus Disease species is various, and in China, generation is most extensive, and harm is most heavy for peanut stripe disease
Viral disease.The normal hair property prevalence disease of disease category, occur in northern China peanut producing region it is universal, the general plot incidence of disease 50% with
On, peanut is susceptible in early days to cause 20% or so production loss.Peanut stripe viruses disease is survived the winter by seed, and kind passes peanut sick seedling
It is the main primary source of infection of disease.Propagated by aphid in a manner of perishability biography is malicious in field.In field, kind passes peanut sick seedling and generally existed
Occur after emergence in 10-15d, mottled, light mottled and striped occurs in blade, and plant is shorter and smaller.The peanut infected by aphid transmission
Diseased plant starts chlorisis spot and ring spot occur in top tender leaf, then develop into light green and green it is alternate it is mottled, refute block and along side
There is green color stripe in arteries and veins, and symptom remains into the plant strain growth later stage always on blade.
Diplodia gossypina：Cause of disease is Diplodia gossypina, belongs to Deuteromycotina cotton Diplodia.General plot hair
Sick rate is 10~20%, serious reachable 60~70%, indivedual plot are dead in flakes, or even total crop failure.This disease is from emergence to harvest
Period can occur, most to be contained with result sequela before blooming.Fallen ill more at main first pair of side shoot or at root neck, sick portion produces
Irregular shape brown scab, after extending in length and breadth, around stem one week, sick portion became dark brown and rotted, and overground part wilting is withered.It is sick when moist
The dense small black grain point (pycnidia) in portion, the brown dry rot in disease portion when drying is hollow in stem, disease, invalid, soil, fertilizer
Material is that the disease mainly infects source.Conidium caused by the germ of field mainly borrows wind, rain etc. to propagate, and causes First aggression and invades again
Dye.
Peanut Fusariumsp root rot：Peanut pink mold root rot is that one of most important root disease occurs for current peanut, and
In ascendant trend year by year.Cause of disease is the Fusariumsp of Deuteromycotina, can be survived the winter on soil, invalid body work seed, can be in soil
In can survive the several years, peanut root rot can all occur in peanut each breeding time.Rotten kind, rotten bud can be caused by being infected before emergence；Seedling stage
It is aggrieved to be led to that seedling is withered；Adult plant is aggrieved to be led to that root-rot, brown foot rot and pod are rotten, and the performance of diseased plant overground part is short and small, undergrowth, blade
Turn yellow, cause complete stool to wither eventually.Because this sick site of pathological change is mainly in root and vascular bundle, diseased plant root browning is set to rot, vascular bundle
Browning, main root shrinkage dry rot, mouse shape of tail is similar to, there is yellow-white on affected part surface to the pale red mould layer (conidiophore of germ
And conidium).
Peanut sclerotium rolfsii：Pathogen asexual generation is Sclerotium rolfssi Sacc., belongs to Fungi Imperfecti, bulbil
Category.Pathogen sexual generation Aethalia rolfsi (Curzil) Tu＆Kimbr., belong to Basidiomycetes.Sclerotium in dry soil or
The time-to-live is longer on withered diseased plant；Under moisture conditions, the time-to-live is shorter.The germ host range is very wide, can infect more than 60
The various plants of section 200.It is distributed across all over the world, as one of the main peanut disease in China.Southern blight is more in peanut
Strain occurs, and germ mainly infects subaerial basal part of stem.The soft corruption of sick browning at portion's initial stage, scab surface grow one layer of white tiffany
Shape mycelium.Mycelia spreads to plant middle and lower part stalk under suitable conditions, is spread between branch, between plant.Soil moisture is shady
When covering, it is covered with one layer of white hypha body on native table plant residue and organic matter around diseased plant.Formed in mycelium many spherical
Sclerotium (0.5~2.0mm of diameter).Sclerotium is just white, becomes dark brown later, surface is smooth, hard.Aggrieved basal part of stem rots,
Cortex comes off, and is left bacillar structure.Diseased plant blade turns yellow, and edge is shrivelled, finally withered and dead.Aggrieved carpopodium and pod are grown
Many white hyphas, rotted in web rot shape.
Peanut rot disease preventive treatment：Decayed fruit disease is commonly called as, is one of peanut soil-borne disease generally occurred in world wide, is caused harm tight
Weight, it is difficult to administer, up to 15% or so, grave illness field can cause to have no harvest for general field production loss of falling ill.The disease mainly cause harm carpopodium and
Pod.Fruit of falling ill shows different degrees of colour fading, becomes black completely to whole pod shell from the change brown of superficial.Difference hair
The pod for educating the stage can be aggrieved, and kernel also shows different degrees of rot.The joint portion of carpopodium and pod is fallen ill consequence
Handle is combined insecure with pod, and fruit is easily lost during harvest, increases production loss.Aggrieved plant above ground portion often with normal plant without
Different, underground pod has but rotted.Peanut rot disease preventive treatment is the compound disease as caused by a variety of pathogens, has clearly been reported in China
There are sickle-like bacteria and pythium spp.
Above disease, except selecting aseptic seed prior to seeding, plough, plough outside, it is often each in seed dressing or peanut growth
The individual stage uses bactericide, and conventional bactericide is Bravo, has preferable prevention effect to peanut fungal disease, in production
It is widely used.Although Bravo works well, Bravo is high to the aquatic livestock such as fish toxicity, is unfavorable for close to rice field
Cultivation and the place use close to aquatic products, therefore a kind of Bravo utilization rate and the bactericide of usage amount of can reducing is to be badly in need of quilt
Invention.
The content of the invention
To solve deficiency of the prior art, the present invention provides one and cultivated peanut bactericide, rich in various sterilization, antiviral
Active ingredient, there is prevention and preventive and therapeutic effect to Common Diseases of cultivating peanut more, be all traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, lasting medicine, securely and reliably,
Non-environmental-pollution.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and component includes stone-like omphalia, Celastrus angulatus, betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant, peach leaves, rheum officinale.
Further, one cultivate peanut bactericide, in parts by weight, its following component is in parts by weight, as follows for its component：Thunder
Ball 5-10 parts, Celastrus angulatus 6-8 parts, betel nut 5-10 parts, stem pith of the rice-paper plant 8-12 parts, peach leaves 8-12 parts, rheum officinale 5-10 parts.
As described above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is：
Each component is weighed according to above-mentioned parts by weight, is put into 25-30 DEG C of water and soaks 2 hours, persistently heated after boiling to boiling
20-30 minutes, and after annealing cools, and filters the dregs of a decoction, after the concentrated preservative treatment of decoction, filling and sealing finished product.
Wherein, the bactericide is used for seed soaking and later stage foliage spray before sowing, and the dregs of a decoction can be used for mixing at arable land
Enter the preventing and treating that soil carries out disease.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention is applied to the sprinkling of seed soaking, sprinkling and final-period management before sowing, rich in various sterilization, antiviral effective
Composition, not only to there is significant prevention effect by fungus-caused disease, and also there is preferably preventing and treating effect to Peanut Virus Disease
Fruit.The usage amount of Bravo can be substantially reduced simultaneously, reduce the harm brought to marine industry.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is in parts by weight, as follows：5 parts of stone-like omphalia, 6 parts of Celastrus angulatus, 5 parts of betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 8
Part, 8 parts of peach leaves, 5 parts of rheum officinale.
As described above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is：
Each component is weighed according to above-mentioned parts by weight, is put into 25-30 DEG C of water and soaks 2 hours, persistently heated after boiling to boiling
20-30 minutes, and after annealing cools, and filters the dregs of a decoction, after the concentrated preservative treatment of decoction, filling and sealing finished product.
Embodiment 2
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is in parts by weight, as follows：10 parts of stone-like omphalia, 8 parts of Celastrus angulatus, 10 parts of betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant
12 parts, 12 parts of peach leaves, 10 parts of rheum officinale.
As described above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is：
Such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is in parts by weight, as follows：8 parts of stone-like omphalia, 7 parts of Celastrus angulatus, 7 parts of betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 10
Part, 10 parts of peach leaves, 7 parts of rheum officinale.
As described above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is：
Such as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
One cultivates peanut bactericide, and its component is in parts by weight, as follows：9 parts of stone-like omphalia, 7 parts of Celastrus angulatus, 8 parts of betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 11
Part, 9 parts of peach leaves, 9 parts of rheum officinale.
As described above one cultivates peanut bactericide, and its preparation method is：
Such as embodiment 1.
Checking test：Cultivated peanut bactericide using of the present invention one, in Shandong Province Laixi City Shandong Province, peanut is studied
Tested field carries out disease-controlling effect experiment, and two pieces of experimental plot, for second crop soil for many years, heavier, each 6 mu of area occurs for disease.
It is experimental plot 1 and experimental plot 2 by experimental plot numbering.
Preventing and treating of the seed soaking of experiment one to peanut disease
Carried out in experimental plot 1, by experimental plot, No. 1 is divided into 6 regions, each 2 mu of ground in region, and numbering is respectively
1-1 areas, 1-2 areas, 1-3 areas, 1-4 areas, 1-5 areas, 1-6 areas, the 1-1 areas are control group, Seed soaking, are not added in soil
Any bactericide；The 1-2 areas are with reference to group, Seed soaking, soil are admixed using the bactericide dregs of a decoction of embodiment 1 of the present invention
It is interior；1-3~1-6 areas are to be soaked seed using bactericide of the present invention according to the formula of embodiment 1~4, each interregional to be provided with
Isolation strip, prevent from interfering with each other influence result of the test.After peanut emergence, the preventing and treating to Diplodia gossypina and seedling stage root rot is investigated
Effect；The last fortnight investigation is harvested to peanut later stage root rot and the prevention effect of fruit rot.
Disease index=∑ (morbidity level typical value × diseased plant number at different levels) × 100/ (investigation total strain number × superlative degree morbidity generation
Tabular value)
Prevention effect=[(control disease index-processing disease index)/control disease index] × 100%
Prevent and treat peanut soil-borne disease with the fungicide seed treatment of different ratio, table of field test results it is bright to Diplodia gossypina and
Seedling stage root rot has obvious prevention effect (table 1).And the peanut later stage root rot and fruit rot of centering deuterogenesis also have one
Fixed effect, but not as to disease control positive effect, illustrating that different ratio bactericide has certain lasting period (table
2)。
The prevention effect that table 1, different ratio bactericide are soaked seed to peanut sprout term disease
The prevention effect that table 2, different ratio bactericide are soaked seed to peanut Diseases at Medium-late Growth
Experiment two sprays the preventing and treating to peanut disease
In experimental plot 2, arable land and antiseptic is not applied during seed soaking early stage, blade face spray is carried out in disease early period of origination
Spill.By experimental plot, No. 2 are divided into 6 regions, each 2 mu of ground in region, and numbering is 2-1 areas, 2-2 areas, 2-3 areas, 2-4 respectively
Area, 2-5 areas, 2-6 areas, the 2-1 areas are control group, and clear water sprays；The 2-2 areas be with reference to group, can using 75% Bravo
800 times of liquid sprinklings of WP；2-3~2-6 areas are mixed with 10% using bactericide of the present invention according to embodiment 2~4
The formula sprinkling of Bravo, it is each interregional to be provided with isolation strip, prevent from interfering with each other influence experimental result.
Medicament sprays latter two week, and investigation different ratio bactericide is to leaf spot of peanut and the prevention effect of virosis.
Disease index=∑ (morbidity level typical value × diseased plant number at different levels) × 100/ (investigation total strain number × superlative degree morbidity generation
Tabular value)
Prevention effect=[(control disease index-processing disease index)/control disease index] × 100%
Cure plant disease of peanut is sprayed in the bactericide of disease early period of origination different ratio, table of field test results is bright to flower
Leave pinta and virosis have notable prevention effect (table 3), and Bravo is poor to Peanut Virus Disease prevention effect.
The different ratio bactericide of table 3 is sprayed to leaf spot of peanut and the prevention effect of virosis
To sum up, of the present invention one cultivate peanut bactericide, can effectively prevent and cure plant disease of peanut, not only to by
Fungus-caused disease has significant prevention effect, and also has preferable prevention effect to Peanut Virus Disease.It can show simultaneously
The usage amount for reducing Bravo is write, reduces the harm brought to marine industry.
In the above-described embodiments, the preferred forms of the present invention are described, it is obvious that in the invention structure of the present invention
Under think of, many changes can be still made.Here, it should be noted that any change made under the inventive concept of the present invention all will
Fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. one cultivates peanut bactericide, it is characterised in that：The component includes stone-like omphalia, Celastrus angulatus, betel nut, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant, peach leaves, big
Huang, its component are in parts by weight, as follows：Stone-like omphalia 5-10 parts, Celastrus angulatus 6-8 parts, betel nut 5-10 parts, stem pith of the rice-paper plant 8-12 parts, peach leaves
8-12 parts, rheum officinale 5-10 parts.
2. as claimed in claim 1 one cultivates peanut bactericide, its preparation method is：
Each component is weighed according to above-mentioned parts by weight, is put into 25-30 DEG C of water and soaks 2 hours, 20-30 is persistently heated after boiling to boiling
Minute, and after annealing cools, and filters the dregs of a decoction, after the concentrated preservative treatment of decoction, filling and sealing finished product.
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| CN105123803A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2015-12-09 | 唐睿 | Botanical fungicide containing thymol and kasugamycin |
| CN106035426A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-10-26 | 巫溪县秦万农业有限公司 | Composite for preventing and treating root-rot disease of Rhizoma Atractylodis |
| CN107721467A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-23 | 龚春华 | A kind of nutritional agents for dramatically increasing peanut rice diameter and preparation method thereof |
| CN107698282A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-16 | 龚春华 | It is a kind of to be used to improve nutritional agents of peanut yield and preparation method thereof |
| CN107628826A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-26 | 龚春华 | A kind of nutritional agents for peanut cultivation and preparation method thereof |
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