CN108651195B - Method for improving growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings - Google Patents
Method for improving growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, which belongs to the field of treatment of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, and is characterized in that sacculus moseri is adopted as a first strain, sacculus parvus is adopted as a second strain, the first strain and the second strain are mixed after unique propagation, the obtained arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagation mixture is applied to a bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture substrate added with dry chicken manure, the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds are treated by adopting a cerium chloride solution, and the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings are sprayed by adopting special spraying water, so that the problems of weakened resistance, reduced quality and high mortality rate of the bighead atractylodes rhizome after multi-generation propagation in the prior art are solved, the growth capacity and drought resistance of the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings are obviously improved, seedlings with strong growth capacity and drought resistance can be provided for the production of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, and the development of the production of the bighead atractylodes rhizome is further expanded, the development and utilization of the resources of the largehead atractylodes rhizome are expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of treatment of atractylodes macrocephala seedlings, in particular to a method for improving growth and drought resistance of the atractylodes macrocephala seedlings.
Background
Atractylodis rhizoma (academic name: Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.): atractylodes lancea of Compositae has perennial herb with height of 60 cm, nodular rhizome. The stem was upright and all smooth and hairless. The leaves are alternate, the leaves are full-fleshy, the side lobe is inverted in a needle shape, an oval shape or an oblong shape, the top lobe is larger than the side lobe, the texture of all the leaves is thin, the paper is made, the two surfaces are green, no hair exists, the top end of the single stem branch of the cephalic inflorescence is green, the bract is green, and the needles are full-fleshy. The bud is wide and bell-shaped, and the top is purple red. The lean fruit is in the shape of an inverted cone, and blossoms and fruits in 8-10 months. Is distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan of China, and the like. The species also has many commercial names, such as according to the rhizome shape of crude drugs, or crane, gold thread, or Atractylodis rhizoma according to the place of origin, such as Hui art, or according to the season of emergence of the rhizome, such as winter art. The quality of Zhejiang is better.
The medicinal value of the atractylodes has a long history for more than 2100 years, and the atractylodes is a commonly used tonifying traditional Chinese medicine which has the functions of strengthening spleen and tonifying qi, eliminating dampness and inducing diuresis, suppressing sweating and preventing miscarriage, and is commonly known as 'north ginseng south technology' and 'ten-square nine technology'. The main effective components of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae are volatile oil and polysaccharide components, such as atractylone, atractylenolide, juniper ester, palmitic acid and the like, and modern researches show that the effective components of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae can also enhance the immunologic function and have the effects of reducing blood sugar, resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, resisting aging, resisting tumors and the like.
The quantity of largehead atractylodes rhizome medicinal materials is the first of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials commonly used in large amount in China in the last 10 years, and the annual demand of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is more than 1.2 ten thousand tons at present. The medicinal materials of the white atractylodes rhizome in the domestic market are mainly used for decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicine products, and the white atractylodes rhizome and the preparation thereof are widely applied clinically. The bighead atractylodes rhizome is a key medicine for tonifying spleen and qi, and is mostly presented in a compound way in clinical application, and some traditional formulas such as qi-tonifying first formula Sijunzi decoction, spleen-tonifying main formula seven-ingredient bighead atractylodes rhizome powder and ginseng, poria and bighead atractylodes rhizome powder are important components in the traditional formulas. The atractylodes macrocephala koidz has the functions of resisting aging, reducing blood sugar, resisting tumor and the like, so the atractylodes macrocephala koidz is widely applied to foreign pharmaceutical and health-care product production enterprises.
In the cultivation process, the reproduction of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is always mainly sexual reproduction, severe sexual degeneration is often caused after multi-generation sexual reproduction, the problems of weakened resistance, reduced quality and the like, high seedling death rate and the like are presented, and the development of the production of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is also severely restricted. Along with the increasing demand of medicinal materials, the seedling problem of genuine medicinal materials of the largehead atractylodes rhizome becomes more and more prominent, and the development and utilization of largehead atractylodes rhizome resources are greatly restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a method for improving the growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, so as to overcome the problems of weakened resistance, reduced quality and high seedling death rate of bighead atractylodes rhizome in the prior art caused by severe seed degeneration after multi-generation propagation of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, thereby remarkably improving the growth capacity and drought resistance of the white atractylodes rhizome seedlings, providing seedlings with strong growth capacity and strong drought resistance for bighead atractylodes rhizome production, further expanding the development of bighead atractylodes rhizome production and expanding the development and utilization of bighead atractylodes rhizome resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for improving growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) propagation matrix for configuring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Mixing turfy soil, river sand and humus according to a volume ratio of 2: 2: 1, mixing to obtain a matrix mixture, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, sterilizing and drying in the sun to obtain a propagation matrix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;
(2) propagation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
The propagation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi comprises propagation of a first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and propagation of a second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;
a: propagation of first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① adopting Gliocladium mossambica as the first strain, putting 20g of the first strain into each 3kg of the propagation matrix, and sterilizing the white clover and the wheat seeds for 10-15min by 10% hydrogen peroxide;
② putting the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is put into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the first strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the ratio of 1:1, covering a layer of the propagation matrix on the surfaces of the white clover and the wheat seeds to obtain a propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ MS macroelement is used as nutrient solution, and 1.65gNH is added into each liter of water4NO3、1.9g KNO3， 0.44gCaCl2·2H2O、0.37g MgSO4·7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④, spraying the water to the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system, smashing the plant root system into plant root system powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system powder, and obtaining the propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rich in Mucor morseli spores, Mucor moreus hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root system;
b: propagation of second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① adopting glomus parvifolius as the second strain, putting 20g of the second strain into each 3kg of the propagation matrix, and sterilizing the white clover and the wheat seeds for 10-15min by using 10% hydrogen peroxide;
② putting the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is put into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the second strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the ratio of 1:1, covering a layer of the propagation matrix on the surfaces of the white clover and the wheat seeds to obtain a propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④ spraying the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, smashing the plant root system into plant root system powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system powder, and obtaining the propagation material of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rich in ascomycete spores, ascomycete hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root system;
(3) treatment of seeds of Atractylodes macrocephala
Selecting full bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds, soaking the seeds in a cerium chloride solution of 3-6 mmol/L for 2-4h, washing the seeds for 2 times by using clear water, and airing for later use;
(4) selection and sowing cultivation of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture medium
① selecting loose conglomerate soil with good air permeability as rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae seedling raising matrix, and adding 50-100g thoroughly decomposed dry chicken manure per pot;
② placing the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate into a flowerpot, when the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate is placed into 3/4 of the flowerpot, mixing the expanded propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the expanded propagation material of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in equal amount to obtain an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus expanded propagation mixture, uniformly scattering 30-50g of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus expanded propagation mixture in the flowerpot in one pot, filling the flowerpot with the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate, then scattering white atractylodes rhizome seeds soaked in cerium chloride solution on the surface of the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate, slightly covering a layer of white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate on the surface of the white atractylodes rhizome seeds, and finally watering and thoroughly watering;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④ after the largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds germinate and emerge, placing the flowerpot with the largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds germinate and emerge in a greenhouse, spraying the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings with the spraying water every 2 weeks when the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings have 3-5 leaves, and obtaining the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings with strong growth and drought resistance after 2 months.
The method for improving the growth and drought resistance of the white art seedlings comprises the following steps of (1): sterilizing the matrix mixture with 20 mesh sieve at 121 deg.C for 20min in autoclave.
The technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the method for improving the growth and drought resistance of the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, provided by the invention, adopts glomus mosseae as a first strain and glomus parvifolius as a second strain, and the first strain and the second strain are mixed after unique propagation work is carried out, the obtained arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagation mixture is applied to the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture medium added with the dried chicken manure, through adopting cerium chloride solution to treat the seeds of the largehead atractylodes rhizome and adopting special spraying water to spray largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, thereby overcoming the problems of weakened resistance, reduced quality and high seed death rate of the largehead atractylodes rhizome in the prior art due to serious sexual degeneration after multi-generation propagation, thereby remarkably improving the growth capacity and drought resistance of the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, providing seedlings with strong growth capacity and drought resistance for the production of the largehead atractylodes rhizome, further expanding the development of the production of the largehead atractylodes rhizome and expanding the development and utilization of largehead atractylodes rhizome resources.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: selection of propagation medium for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
In order to select the optimal propagation matrix of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in this example 1, four kinds of turfy soil, river sand, humus and a mixed matrix (the turfy soil, the river sand and the humus are mixed according to a volume ratio of 2: 2: 1) are respectively used as propagation matrices of a first strain "mossbane mold" and a second strain "glomus pardosa mold", the four kinds of propagation matrices are sieved by a 20-mesh sieve, and then placed into an autoclave to be sterilized at 121 ℃ for 20min, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the propagation matrices are thoroughly killed, and the four kinds of propagation matrices after sterilization are dried in the sun for standby.
The propagation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi comprises the propagation of a first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the propagation of a second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; a: propagation of first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① Sphaerotheca mossamensis is used as the first strain, 20g of the first strain is put into each 3kg of propagation medium, and the white clover and the wheat seeds are disinfected for 10-15min by 10% hydrogen peroxide;
② putting the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is put into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the first strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the proportion of 1:1, covering a layer of propagation matrix on the surfaces of the white clover and the wheat seeds to obtain a propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain diluted water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the diluted water to obtain spraying water;
④ spraying the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, crushing the plant root into plant root powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root powder of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and obtaining the propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rich in Mucor morselis fungal spores, Musum sac fungus hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root;
b: propagation of second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① adopting glomus parvifolius as second strain, adding 20g of the second strain into each 3kg of propagation medium, and sterilizing the white clover and the wheat seeds with 10% hydrogen peroxide for 10-15 min;
② putting the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is put into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the second strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the proportion of 1:1, covering the surface of the white clover and the wheat seeds with a propagation matrix to obtain a propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain diluted water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the diluted water to obtain spraying water;
④ spraying the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system, breaking the plant root system into plant root system powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system powder, and obtaining the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagation material rich in ascomycete spores, ascomycete hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root system.
Microscopic examination is carried out on the number of spores in the expanded products of the four first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the number of spores in the expanded products of the four second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi respectively, and the effect of expanding propagation by using a mixed matrix (turfy soil: river sand: humus volume ratio: Wei 2: 2: 1) is better (see table 1), 153 spores are contained in each gram of expanded products by the glomus mosseae, and 94-118 spores are contained in each gram of expanded products by the glomus parviensis.
Table 1: influence of different propagation matrixes on propagation of Gliocladium mosseae and Gliocladium parvum
The different lower case letters in table 1 indicate that the P <0.05 level difference was significant.
Example 2: host plant selection for the propagation of Gliocladium mosseae and Gliocladium parvum
Both the Mucor mosseae and the glomus parvifolius are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and need to be symbiotic with plant root systems, so that the selection of a proper host plant is very important for the propagation of the Mucor mosseae and the glomus parvifolius. Selecting white clover and wheat as hosts, selecting Glomus mosseae (Glomus mossea) and Glomus parviensis (Glomus ovata) as strains, selecting a mixed matrix (turfy soil, river sand and humus are mixed according to a volume ratio of 2: 2: 1) as propagation matrixes of the Glomus mosseae and the Glomus parviensis, needing 6 pots in total, adopting the Glomus parviensis in three pots, adopting the Glomus parviensis in the other three pots, placing 20g of the strains (the Glomus mosseae or the Glomus parviensis) in 3kg of the matrix of each pot, disinfecting the white clover and the wheat seeds for 15min by using 10% hydrogen peroxide, adopting the white clover and the wheat to independently sow, and 1:1 proportion mixed planting, and comparing the effect of single sowing and mixed sowing on the propagation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The strains and host plants used in 6 pots were combined as follows:
when the flowerpot 3/4 is filled with the propagation medium, uniformly scattering strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation medium in the flowerpot, finally uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat which are sown separately and sown in a mixed mode on the surface of the propagation medium, lightly covering the seeds with a small amount of the propagation medium to obtain a propagation body of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, watering and watering thoroughly, adding 1.65g of NH4NO3, 1.9g of KNO3, 0.44g of CaCl 2.2H2O, 0.37g of MgSO 4.7H2O and 0.17g of KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain diluted water, diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the diluted water to obtain spray water, and spraying the spray water once every week. And after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil and the plant root system which are 3-10cm deep below the surface layer, crushing the plant root system into plant root system powder, and mixing the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil and the plant root system powder which are 3-10cm deep below the surface layer to obtain the propagation material of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which is rich in fungal spores, hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root system.
Microscopic examination shows that the mixed propagation of white clover and wheat has good effect on sacculus moseri and sacculus furetianus (see table 2), each gram of the propagated material for propagating the sacculus furetianus has 127-143 spores, and each gram of the propagated material for propagating the sacculus furetianus has 96-120 spores.
Table 2: effect of different host plants and combinations on the propagation of Gliocladium moxidense and Gliocladium parvum
The different lower case letters in table 2 indicate that the P <0.05 level difference was significant.
Example 3: effect of different cerium chloride concentrations on germination of white atractylodes seeds
Selecting full bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds, respectively preparing 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mmol/L cerium chloride solutions, soaking the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds in the cerium chloride solutions with different concentrations for 2 hours, then washing the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds for 2 times by using clear water for later use, selecting loose conglomerate soil with good air permeability as a bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture substrate, adding 50-100g of rotten dry chicken manure into each pot, when the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture substrate fills a flowerpot 3/4, equivalently mixing propagated sacculus moustachyi and young sacculus glochis strains, uniformly scattering the mixture in the flowerpot, 30-50g of each pot, then spreading the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture substrate in the flowerpot, finally scattering the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds soaked by a rare earth solution on the surface of the substrate, slightly covering the seeds by a small amount of the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture substrate, watering and completely watering, counting the germination rate after 5 days, counting the germination rate of the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds soaked by the cerium chloride solution of 3-6 mmol/L is the highest, counting the germination rate after 15 days, and counting the germination rate of the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds soaked by the chlorination solution of 3-6 mmol/L is 92% -95% (.
Table 3: effect of different concentrations of cerium chloride on Germination of white atractylodes seeds
| Treatment of rare earth solutions | Germination vigor (after 5d of sowing)% | Percentage of seed germination (after sowing for 10 d)% |
| Distilled water | 24 | 75bc |
| 1 mmol/L cerium chloride | 39 | 85ab |
| 3 mmol/L cerium chloride | 41 | 92a |
| 6 mmol/L cerium chloride | 42 | 95a |
| 9 mmol/L cerium chloride | 30 | 80b |
| 12 mmol/L cerium chloride | 30 | 70c |
The different lower case letters in table 3 indicate that the P <0.05 level difference was significant.
Example 4: selection and sowing cultivation of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture medium
In order to compare the seedling raising effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the propagated sacculus mossamensis and sacculus parvulus strains are respectively and independently used, and are uniformly mixed in equal amount for use. Selecting loose conglomerate soil with good air permeability as a white atractylodes rhizome seedling raising matrix, adding 50-100g of thoroughly decomposed dry chicken manure into each pot, uniformly scattering expanded and bred strains in each pot by 30-50g of the white atractylodes rhizome seedling raising matrix when the white atractylodes rhizome seedling raising matrix is filled in the pot 3/4, finally scattering white atractylodes rhizome seeds soaked in a rare earth solution on the surface of the white atractylodes rhizome seedling raising matrix, slightly covering the seeds with a small amount of the white atractylodes rhizome seedling raising matrix, and watering and completely watering; after the white atractylodes rhizome seeds germinate and emerge, when about 3 to 5 leaves of seedlings are planted, MS macroelements are used as nutrient solution, 1.65g of NH4NO3, 1.9g of KNO3, 0.44g of CaCl 2.2H2O, 0.37g of MgSO 4.7H2O and 0.17g of KH2PO4 are added into each liter of water to obtain dilution water, the nutrient solution is diluted by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water, and the spraying water is used for spraying once every 2 weeks. After 2 months, the fresh weights of the overground part and the underground part of the white art seedling are determined, and as can be seen from Table 4, the average fresh weight of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae tuberous roots cultured by the seedling substrate mixed by the glomus mollissima and the glomus pulluleus bacteria agent is 1.1g, and the fresh weight of the overground part is about 13.5g, which is obviously higher than that of a control group and treatment used alone.
Table 4: the effect of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after two months of sowing and the proportion thereof on the yield of bighead atractylodes rhizome
The different lower case letters in table 4 indicate that P <0.05 level was significantly different.
Example 5: determination of drought tolerance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings
Selecting largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings with the length of 2 months as test materials, and setting a control group and a treatment group, wherein the control group is largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings without seeds treated by a cerium chloride solution and without seedlings cultured by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent, the treatment group is white atractylodes rhizome seedlings treated by 3 mmol/L cerium chloride and seedlings cultured by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent, the white atractylodes rhizome seedlings are planted in a greenhouse, the seeds are not watered for 20 days continuously, the survival rates of the two treated largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings are observed, as can be seen from table 5, the survival rate of the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings treated by combining the cerium chloride solution and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is 63 percent and is obviously higher than that of the control group, after normal watering is recovered, 90 percent of the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings in the treatment group grow normally, and only 40 percent of the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings in the root system of each treated white atractylodes rhizome seedling are recovered to grow normally, and the infection rate of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the white atractylodes rhizome system treated by combining the cerium.
Table 5: determination of drought tolerance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings
The different lower case letters in table 5 indicate that the P <0.05 level difference was significant.
Example 6:
embodiment 6 of the present invention provides a method for improving growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings, comprising:
(1) propagation matrix for configuring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Mixing turfy soil, river sand and humus according to a volume ratio of 2: 2: 1, obtaining a matrix mixture by mixing, sieving the mixture by a sieve of 20 meshes, putting the mixture into an autoclave for sterilization at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 20min, and then drying the mixture in the sun to obtain the propagation matrix of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;
(2) propagation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
The propagation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi comprises the propagation of a first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the propagation of a second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;
a: propagation of first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① Sphaerotheca mossamensis is used as the first strain, 20g of the first strain is put into each 3kg of propagation medium, and the white clover and the wheat seeds are disinfected for 12min by 10% hydrogen peroxide;
② putting the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is put into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the first strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the proportion of 1:1, covering a layer of propagation matrix on the surfaces of the white clover and the wheat seeds to obtain a propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ MS macroelement is used as nutrient solution, and 1.65gNH is added into each liter of water4NO3、1.9g KNO3， 0.44gCaCl2·2H2O、0.37g MgSO4·7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 to obtain dilution waterDiluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④ spraying the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, crushing the plant root into plant root powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root powder of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and obtaining the propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rich in Mucor morselis fungal spores, Musum sac fungus hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root;
b: propagation of second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① adopting glomus parvifolius as second strain, adding 20g of the second strain into each 3kg of propagation medium, and sterilizing the white clover and the wheat seeds for 12min with 10% hydrogen peroxide;
② placing the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is placed into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the second strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the proportion of 1:1, covering a layer of propagation matrix on the surfaces of the white clover and the wheat seeds to obtain a propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④ spraying the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, crushing the plant root system into plant root system powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system powder of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and obtaining the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagation material rich in ascomycete spores, ascomycete hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root system;
microscopic examination was performed on the obtained numbers of spores of the expanded propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the expanded propagation material of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, and it was found that the following were used in a volume ratio of 2: 2: the turfy soil, river sand and humus of the strain 1 have good propagation effects, the propagated Musaceus has 134-153 spores per gram of the propagated material, and the propagated Musaceus has 94-118 spores per gram of the propagated material.
(3) Treatment of seeds of Atractylodes macrocephala
Selecting full bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds, soaking the seeds in a cerium chloride solution of 3 mmol/L for 2 hours, washing the seeds for 2 times by using clear water, and airing for later use;
(4) selection and sowing cultivation of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture medium
① selecting loose conglomerate soil with good air permeability as rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae seedling raising matrix, and adding 50-100g thoroughly decomposed dry chicken manure per pot;
② placing rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae seedling substrate in a flowerpot, when the rhizoma Atractylodis seedling substrate is placed in 3/4 of the flowerpot, mixing the propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the propagation material of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in equal amount to obtain an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus propagation mixture, uniformly scattering 30-50g of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus propagation mixture in the flowerpot, filling the flowerpot with the rhizoma Atractylodis seedling substrate, scattering rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae seeds soaked in cerium chloride solution on the surface of the rhizoma Atractylodis seedling substrate, slightly covering the surface of the rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae seeds with a layer of rhizoma Atractylodis seedling substrate, and finally watering thoroughly;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④ after the largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds germinate, the flowerpot with the largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds germinate and emerge is placed in a greenhouse, when the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings have 3-5 leaves, the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings with strong growth and drought resistance can be obtained after 2 months, the fresh weights of the overground part and the underground part of the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings are measured after 2 months, the average fresh weight of the largehead atractylodes rhizome root tuber cultured by the seedling substrate mixed by the saccaromyces morcheli and the young saccaromyces larvas inoculum is 1.1g, and the fresh weight of the overground part is about 13.5 g.
In summary, according to the method for improving growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings provided by the embodiments of the present invention, sacculus mosaicus is adopted as a first strain, sacculus parvus is adopted as a second strain, the first strain and the second strain are subjected to unique propagation and mixed, the obtained arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagation and mixture is applied to a bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture substrate added with dry chicken manure, the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds are treated by cerium chloride solution, and the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings are sprayed by special spraying water, so that the problems of reduced resistance, reduced quality and high seedling death rate of the bighead atractylodes rhizome after multi-generation propagation in the prior art are solved, the growth and drought resistance of the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings are remarkably improved, seedlings with strong growth and drought resistance can be provided for bighead atractylodes rhizome production, and further development of the bighead atractylodes rhizome production is expanded, the development and utilization of the resources of the largehead atractylodes rhizome are expanded.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations may be implemented by those skilled in the art in combination with the prior art and the above-described embodiments, and will not be described in detail herein. Such variations do not affect the essence of the present invention and are not described herein.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made, or equivalents may be modified, without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving the growth and drought resistance of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) propagation matrix for configuring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Mixing turfy soil, river sand and humus according to a volume ratio of 2: 2: 1, mixing to obtain a matrix mixture, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, sterilizing and drying in the sun to obtain a propagation matrix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;
(2) propagation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
The propagation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi comprises propagation of a first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and propagation of a second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;
a: propagation of first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① adopting Gliocladium mossambica as the first strain, putting 20g of the first strain into each 3kg of the propagation matrix, and sterilizing the white clover and the wheat seeds for 10-15min by 10% hydrogen peroxide;
② putting the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is put into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the first strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the ratio of 1:1, covering a layer of the propagation matrix on the surfaces of the white clover and the wheat seeds to obtain a propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ MS macroelement is used as nutrient solution, and 1.65g NH is added into each liter of water4NO3、1.9g KNO3，0.44g CaCl2·2H2O、0.37g MgSO4·7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④, spraying the water to the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system, smashing the plant root system into plant root system powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system powder, and obtaining the propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rich in Mucor morseli spores, Mucor moreus hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root system;
b: propagation of second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
① adopting glomus parvifolius as the second strain, putting 20g of the second strain into each 3kg of the propagation matrix, and sterilizing the white clover and the wheat seeds for 10-15min by using 10% hydrogen peroxide;
② putting the propagation matrix into a flowerpot, when the propagation matrix is put into 3/4 of the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the second strains in the flowerpot, filling the propagation matrix into the flowerpot, uniformly scattering the white clover and the wheat seeds on the surface of the propagation matrix according to the ratio of 1:1, covering a layer of the propagation matrix on the surfaces of the white clover and the wheat seeds to obtain a propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and watering thoroughly;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④ spraying the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi once every week, after 3 months, harvesting the soil on the surface layer, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, smashing the plant root system into plant root system powder, mixing the soil on the surface layer of the propagation body of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the soil 3-10cm deep below the surface layer and the plant root system powder, and obtaining the propagation material of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rich in ascomycete spores, ascomycete hyphae, propagation matrix and plant root system;
(3) treatment of seeds of Atractylodes macrocephala
Selecting full bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds, soaking the seeds in a cerium chloride solution of 3-6 mmol/L for 2-4h, washing the seeds for 2 times by using clear water, and airing for later use;
(4) selection and sowing cultivation of bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling culture medium
① selecting loose conglomerate soil with good air permeability as rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae seedling raising matrix, and adding 50-100g thoroughly decomposed dry chicken manure per pot;
② placing the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate into a flowerpot, when the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate is placed into 3/4 of the flowerpot, mixing the expanded propagation material of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the expanded propagation material of the second arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in equal amount to obtain an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus expanded propagation mixture, uniformly scattering 30-50g of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus expanded propagation mixture in the flowerpot in one pot, filling the flowerpot with the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate, then scattering white atractylodes rhizome seeds soaked in cerium chloride solution on the surface of the white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate, slightly covering a layer of white atractylodes rhizome seedling substrate on the surface of the white atractylodes rhizome seeds, and finally watering and thoroughly watering;
③ taking MS macroelements as nutrient solution, adding 1.65g NH4NO3, 1.9g KNO3, 0.44g CaCl2 & 2H2O, 0.37g MgSO4 & 7H2O and 0.17g KH2PO4 into each liter of water to obtain dilution water, and diluting the nutrient solution by 10 times with the dilution water to obtain spraying water;
④ after the largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds germinate and emerge, placing the flowerpot with the largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds germinate and emerge in a greenhouse, spraying the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings with the spraying water every 2 weeks when the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings have 3-5 leaves, and obtaining the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings with strong growth and drought resistance after 2 months.
2. The method for improving the growth and drought resistance of the bighead atractylodes rhizome seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization operation in the step (1) is performed by: sterilizing the matrix mixture with 20 mesh sieve at 121 deg.C for 20min in autoclave.
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