CN103168604A - Control method of tobacco black shank disease - Google Patents
Control method of tobacco black shank disease Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a control method of a tobacco black shank disease. The control method comprises the following steps of: firstly, removing the old nest soil (with a radius of 15 cm) on the ground by using a shovel, covering with new disease-free soil, planting tobacco plants in new nest soil, irrigating the root by using about 1 kg of solution containing water, tobacco compound fertilizer and urea, wherein the ratio of N, P to K in the tobacco compound fertilizer is 7:12:25, and the ratio of water, tobacco compound fertilizer to urea is 500:10:1, and drenching the nest soil; carrying out the foliar spray by using 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and irrigating the root after 50% dimethomorph wettable powder is diluted to 1,500 times on the next day; and seven days later, carrying out the foliar spray by using potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and irrigating the root after 64% oxadixyl and manganese zinc wettable powder are diluted to 200 times. The control method of the tobacco black shank disease has the advantages of simpleness in operation, obviously reducing the mortality of tobacco suffered from the black shank disease (grade 1 or 2), and effectively inhibiting the pathogenic fungal proliferation of the tobacco black shank disease to reduce the spread and infection rate of the disease. The control method provided by the invention is simple to operate and is easily accepted by tobacco farmers, and the loss of the tobacco farmers is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of preventing and treating of plant disease, be specifically related to the method for preventing and treating of black shank, particularly sick level is the method for integrated control of 1 grade and 2 grades diseased plant.
Background technology
Black shank is one of destructive disease of tool on tobacco produces, and generation is in various degree all arranged in each main product cigarette of China district, and the annual economic loss that causes because of balck shank reaches several hundred million units.Black shank is caused by the mould tobacco pathological form of Oomycete fungi autoeciousness epidemic disease (Phytophtora parasitica var.nicotianae Tucker), the germ hyphae colorless is transparent, thickness is very inconsistent, 3～11 microns of diameters include the foam-like particle, and branch is arranged, sporangiophore stretches out from the diseased tissues pore, water white transparency, without barrier film, single give birth to or 2～3 together.Give birth to or adnation on the sporangium top, pyriform or ellipse, and there is a mastoid process on the top, and size is 35 * 28 microns, and water white transparency contains particle.Obtain enough humidity after the sporangium maturation comes off and namely sprout, bear the zoospore of 5～30 7-11 microns, they are rounded, and full circle shape or kidney shape, do not include many particles, and two of adnation flagellums are arranged, and can move about in water.The black shank cardinal symptom comprises: blackspot occurs at site of pathological change after (1) black shin cigarette strain cane base portion is injured, and extend to top around full stem, scab can reach the 1/3-1/2 of diseased plant height sometimes, the diseased plant blade to lower and on flavescence successively.(2) wear the backward marrow expansion of being injured of unlined long gown basal part of stem, affect the transportation of moisture and nutrient, the diseased plant blade is flavescence successively from bottom to top, chance burning sun high temperature after heavy rain, and the complete stool blade is wilting suddenly, and is then withered.(3) strain of black plaster black stem is under rainy wet weather, and the middle and lower part blade often produces circular large spot, and diameter can reach more than 4～5 centimetres, and the initial stage, scab was without limbus, water stain shape, dirty-green, the later stage enlarges rapidly, central authorities are brown, and the wheel line is indistinctly arranged, shape such as plaster shape.(4) in " video disc shape " stem morbidity later stage, cut the visible marrow drying shrinkage of disease stem open and be the video disc shape, byssaceous mycelium is arranged therebetween, when wet weather, sick section produces white suede hair, the i.e. mycelia of germ and sporangium.(5) " waist leakage " cigarette strain blade morbidity to phyllopodium, then spreads to stem by master pulse, causes the stem middle part to rot, and the blade on sick section top is often wilted.
According to People's Republic of China's tobacco business standard " tobacco diseases classification and investigation method " (YC/T 39-1996) (Grade investigating method of tobacco disease) (State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau's issue on April 3rd, 1996, on June 1st, 1996 implemented), the balck shank diseased plant can be divided into 4 grades:
1 grade: stem's scab is no more than 1/2nd of stem girth, or half is slightly wilting with lower blade, or scab appears in bottom minority blade.
2 grades: stem's scab surpasses 1/2nd of stem girth, or blade more than half is wilting.
3 grades: stem's scab is around stem girth, or 2/3rds is above wilting.
4 grades: the whole blades of diseased plant are wilting or withered.
The typical case of black shank and tobacco bacterial wilt difference is: tobacco bacterial wilt is that blade still is green when withered, there is the black streak in its stem, may extend to cigarette strain top, blade one side is withered, one side normal growth has typical " half of crazy " symptom, firmly pushes the black vascular bundle, see and overflow yellow-white emulsus mucus, be i.e. the equal purulence of bacterium.
Because balck shank is soil-borne disease, and can propagate along with flowing water, after it is found that primary infection focus or fragmentary diseased plant in production, often not draw attention, not take any measure; Well-done is to wait until that symptom is obvious, adopt chemical control when the incidence of disease is higher, perhaps the cigarette strain is uprooped, taken out of concentrated Xiao's poison and burning behind the field; Seldom have the tobacco grower that primary infection focus or fragmentary diseased plant are taken measures, and in fact, this diseased plant can be saved by adequate measures, thereby reduce the further risk of diffusion of this disease.
Announced a kind of method of comprehensively preventing and controlling tobacco black shank in CN200910104322.X, be to remove the vega invalid body winter, the tillage control measure of field period zanjon high railway carriage or compartment draining is used chemical agent 58% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder control in conjunction with using the green Kang Wei of biocontrol fungicide, being aided with.The method can prevent balck shank, but remove the vega invalid body winter, the tillage control measure of field period zanjon high railway carriage or compartment draining is for producing conventional measure, it is not the control for primary infection focus and fragmentary diseased plant, 58% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder is longer service time the tobacconist simultaneously, develop immunity to drugs in most of areas, the scope of application is wideless.
Announced a kind of method of preventing and treating of utilizing bio-diversity to control black shank in CN200910104325.3, i.e. winter planting's green manure perennial ryegrass; High edge economic crops far away of income such as cigarette strain growing stage intercropping soya bean or mung beans; Cigarette strain growing stage is used the green Kang Wei of the biocontrol fungicide with good Controlling effect.The method can be prevented and treated black shank, but belongs to the preventative ecotope comprehensive regulation measure of black shank, is not suitable for the control of primary infection focus or fragmentary diseased plant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of preventing and treating of simple to operate, the significant black shank of control efficiency.
The objective of the invention is to realize by such technical scheme:
A kind of method of preventing and treating of black shank is characterized in that, it is to carry out according to the following steps:
In case find black shank diseased plant, sick level be in 1 through or 2 grades the time, this 1 grade or 2 grades of tobacco disease strains are uprooped, be that old nest earth removal in 15 cm range is gone with spades with the ground radius surface, coated with anosis new soil;
2. above-mentioned tobacco diseased plant is planted in new nest soil, water, tobacco are topdressed immediately, and (this tobacco is topdressed and is N:P
2O
5: K
2O=12.5:0:33.5, total Yang Fen＞=46%, all by weight percentage) and urea in mass ratio the solution that mixes of the ratio of 500:10:1, with 1.0 kilograms/plant filling root, irrigate nest soil; Be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray more evenly gentle to the plant blade face, second day is 50% dimethomorph wetting powder with the quality percentage composition, solution (being the multiple of weight relationships) after 1500 times of dilute with waters, fill with root, described solution usage is 20-40 g/acre; Described soil is pH value 5.5-7.0, organic 15-30(g/kg), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60-120(mg/kg), rapid available phosphorus 10-40(mg/kg) and, the soil of available potassium＞120 (mg/kg).
3. again be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray after seven days evenly gentle to the plant blade face, be that 64% Evil frost mancozeb wettable powder adopts the solution after water dilution 20 times (for the multiple of weight relationships) to fill with root with the quality percentage composition, described solution usage is 200-250 g/acre.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The method of preventing and treating of black shank of the present invention is simple to operate, remarkable has reduced the lethality that sick level is in the black shank diseased plant of 1 grade or 2 grades, this method of preventing and treating pathomycete diffusion of also effectively having suppressed black shank simultaneously, makes this sick diffusive infection rate low; It is simple to operate that the present invention prevents and treats method, is easy to accept, effectively reduced tobacco grower's loss for the tobacco grower.
Embodiment
Below by example, the present invention is specifically described.Be necessary to be pointed out that at this; following instance only is used for the present invention is further illustrated; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the ripe rising star person of the technology in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to the foregoing invention content.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of preventing and treating of black shank is characterized in that, it is to carry out according to the following steps:
1. in case find the black shank diseased plant, when sick level is in 1 grade, 2 grades, 1 grade, 2 grades tobacco disease strains that occur uprooped, be that old nest earth removal in 15 cm range is gone with spades with the ground radius surface, coated with anosis new soil;
2. above-mentioned tobacco diseased plant is planted in new nest soil, water, tobacco are topdressed immediately, and (this tobacco is topdressed and is N:P
2O
5: K
2O=12.5:0:33.5, total Yang Fen＞=46%, all by weight percentage) and urea in mass ratio the solution that mixes of the ratio of 500:10:1, with 1.0Kg/ plant filling root, irrigate nest soil; Be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray more evenly gentle to the plant blade face, second day is 50% dimethomorph wetting powder with the quality percentage composition, solution (being the multiple of weight relationships) after 1500 times of dilute with waters, fill with root, described solution usage is 20 g/acres; Described soil is pH value 5.5-7.0, organic 15-30(g/kg), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60-120(mg/kg), rapid available phosphorus 10-40(mg/kg) and, the soil of available potassium＞120(mg/kg).
3. again be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray after seven days evenly gentle to the plant blade face, be that 64% Evil frost mancozeb wettable powder adopts the solution after water dilution 200 times (for the multiple of weight relationships) to fill with root with the quality percentage composition, described solution usage is 250 g/acres.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of preventing and treating of black shank is characterized in that, it is to carry out according to the following steps:
1. in case find the black shank diseased plant, when sick level is in 1 grade, this 1 grade of tobacco disease strain uprooped, be that old nest earth removal in 15 cm range is gone with spades with the ground radius surface, coated with anosis new soil;
2. above-mentioned tobacco diseased plant is planted in new nest soil, water, tobacco are topdressed immediately, and (this tobacco is topdressed and is N:P
2O
5: K
2O=12.5:0:33.5, total Yang Fen＞=46%, all by weight percentage) and urea in mass ratio the solution that mixes of the ratio of 500:10:1, with 1.0Kg/ plant filling root, irrigate nest soil; Be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray more evenly gentle to the plant blade face, second day is 50% dimethomorph wetting powder with the quality percentage composition, solution (being the multiple of weight relationships) after 1500 times of dilute with waters, fill with root, described solution usage is 40 g/acres; Described soil is pH value 5.5-7.0, organic 15-30(g/kg), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60-120(mg/kg), rapid available phosphorus 10-40(mg/kg) and, the soil of available potassium＞120(mg/kg).
3. again be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray after seven days evenly gentle to the plant blade face, be that 64% Evil frost mancozeb wettable powder adopts the solution after water dilution 200 times (for the multiple of weight relationships) to fill with root with the quality percentage composition, described solution usage is 200 g/acres.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of preventing and treating of black shank is characterized in that, it is to carry out according to the following steps:
1. in case when finding that black shank diseased plant, sick level are in 1 grade or 2 grades, this 1 grade or 2 grades of tobacco disease strains are uprooped, be that old nest earth removal in 15 cm range is gone with spades with the ground radius surface, coated with anosis new soil;
2. above-mentioned tobacco diseased plant is planted in new nest soil, water, tobacco are topdressed immediately, and (this tobacco is topdressed and is N:P
2O
5: K
2O=12.5:0:33.5, total Yang Fen＞=46%, all by weight percentage) and urea in mass ratio the solution that mixes of the ratio of 500:10:1, with 1.0Kg/ plant filling root, irrigate nest soil; Be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray more evenly gentle to the plant blade face, second day is 50% dimethomorph wetting powder with the quality percentage composition, solution (being the multiple of weight relationships) after 1500 times of dilute with waters, fill with root, described solution usage is 25-30 g/acre; Described soil is pH value 5.5-7.0, organic 15-30(g/kg), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60-120(mg/kg), rapid available phosphorus 10-40(mg/kg) and, the soil of available potassium＞120(mg/kg).
3. again be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray after seven days evenly gentle to the plant blade face, be that 64% Evil frost mancozeb wettable powder adopts the solution after water dilution 200 times (for the multiple of weight relationships) to fill with root with the quality percentage composition, described solution usage is 220-240 g/acre.
Embodiment 4 the present invention prevent and treat method to the impact experiment of black shank
1. materials and methods
1.1 test site
Test is arranged on kwan-yin village, Nanchuan District San Quan town, Chongqing City, height above sea level 1086m, 107 ° 19 ' 214 of longitude, 29 ° 04 ' 350, latitude ', soil fertility is medium on the upper side, be evenly distributed, irrigation and drainage are convenient, selects long-term black shank the fall ill medium serious field field of doing experiment.
1.2 reagent agent
50% dimethomorph wetting powder (German Ba Qifu limited company produce); 64% Evil frost. mancozeb wettable powder (Beijing YanHuaYongLe pesticide Co., Ltd's production).
1.3 experimental cultivar cloud and mist 87.
1.4 experimental scheme and method
It is the test site that 6 plots of close vegas that close on of area are selected in the experimental scheme test, regardless of the residential quarter, investigate these 6 ground balck shank diseased plant numbers respectively at 2009 and the sporadic their early stage of black shank in 2010, reject cigarette destination edge diseased plant, according to landform and occurring degree, diseased plant is divided into two groups, one group is contrast (A), one group for processing (B), each 24 strains, totally 48 strains, every strain all hangs up label.
Test method A group is left intact; B group diseased plant is adopted the processing method of embodiment 3.
Measure content and method from their early stage to adopting roasting basic the end, in the afternoon investigated lethality (with 2/3rds with blade wither, whole strain substantially without gather in the crops other costs such as blade may or consider manually, coal substantially without baking value be standard) every 5 days in fine day take strain as unit.
2. results and analysis
Different disposal affects wind table 1 and table 2 to black shank diseased plant lethality.As seen from Table 1, the final lethality of processed group (B) in 2009 is significantly lower than control group (A), and lethality is low by 37.5% than control group, and reduced rate is 69.22%; As seen from Table 2, the final lethality of processed group (B) in 2010 is significantly lower than control group (A), and lethality is low by 45.84% than control group, and reduced rate is 84.62%.
As seen, by adopting the processing method of preventing and treating of the present invention, significantly reduce the lethality of black shank 1,2 grades of diseased plants, reduced tobacco grower's loss.Simultaneously examine statistics through guiding principle, the method for preventing and treating of the present invention makes the diffusivity of black shank only be 0.2-1%.From medicament and the fertilizer that uses, it is 0.3 yuan of left and right that 50% dimethomorph wetting powder and 64% Evil frost MnZn is respectively used 1 nest average cost, composite fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7 yuan of left and right, material input cost 1.0 yuan of left and right.Several 900 about strains of Chongqing Yan Qu mu plant during 2009 and 2010, income per mu 2500 left and right this shows simultaneously and consider from economic benefit that it is very applicable to 1,2 grade of black shank that the present invention prevents and treats method.
The impact (2009) of table 1. Different treatments on the black shank lethality
The impact (2010) of table 2. Different treatments on the black shank lethality
Claims (1)
1. the method for preventing and treating of a black shank, is characterized in that, it is to carry out according to the following steps:
A. in case when finding that black shank diseased plant, sick level are in 1 grade or 2 grades, this 1 grade or 2 grades of tobacco disease strains are uprooped, be that old nest earth removal in 15 cm range is gone with spades with the ground radius surface, coated with anosis new soil;
B. above-mentioned tobacco diseased plant is planted in new nest soil, water, tobacco are topdressed immediately, and (this tobacco is topdressed and is N:P
2O
5: K
2O=12.5:0:33.5, total Yang Fen＞=46%, all by weight percentage) and urea in mass ratio the solution that mixes of the ratio of 500:10:1, with 1.0 kilograms/plant filling root, irrigate nest soil; Be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray more evenly gentle to the plant blade face, second day is 50% dimethomorph wetting powder with the quality percentage composition, solution (being the multiple of weight relationships) after about 1500 times of dilute with water, fill with root, described solution usage is probably 20-40 g/acre; Described soil is pH value 5.5-7.0, organic 15-30(g/kg), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60-120(mg/kg), rapid available phosphorus 10-40(mg/kg) and, the soil of available potassium＞120(mg/kg);
C. again be with mass concentration that 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray after seven days evenly gentle to the plant blade face, be 64% Evil frost with the quality percentage composition. mancozeb wettable powder adopt the water dilution approximately the solution after 200 times (for the multiple of weight relationships) fill with root, described solution usage is 200-250 g/acre.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310123169.1A CN103168604B (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Control method of tobacco black shank disease |
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| CN201310123169.1A CN103168604B (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-04-10 | Control method of tobacco black shank disease |
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| CN103168604B CN103168604B (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782777A (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2014-05-14 | 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 | Method for control over tobacco black shank |
| CN103782851A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 | Method for preventing tobacco black shank |
| CN105850426A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-17 | 山东省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | Control method for potato black leg |
| CN107548935A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 天津市澍丰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-balck shank implantation methods of potato |
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| CN101601352A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-16 | 西南大学 | A kind of method of comprehensively preventing and controlling tobacco black shank |
| CN102630478A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-15 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Organic tobacco field planting and field managing method |
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2013
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| CN101601352A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-16 | 西南大学 | A kind of method of comprehensively preventing and controlling tobacco black shank |
| CN102630478A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-15 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Organic tobacco field planting and field managing method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782777A (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2014-05-14 | 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 | Method for control over tobacco black shank |
| CN103782851A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司 | Method for preventing tobacco black shank |
| CN105850426A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-17 | 山东省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | Control method for potato black leg |
| CN107548935A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 天津市澍丰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-balck shank implantation methods of potato |
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|---|---|
| CN103168604B (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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