CN105191706A - Method for effectively preventing and controlling pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax leaf spot diseases - Google Patents
Method for effectively preventing and controlling pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax leaf spot diseases Download PDFInfo
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- CN105191706A CN105191706A CN201510514086.4A CN201510514086A CN105191706A CN 105191706 A CN105191706 A CN 105191706A CN 201510514086 A CN201510514086 A CN 201510514086A CN 105191706 A CN105191706 A CN 105191706A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention provides a method for effectively preventing and controlling pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax leaf spot diseases, which is a method for preventing and controlling pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax leaf spot diseases by taking chemical prevention and treatment integrated agricultural measures. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: carrying out chemical prevention and treatment on susceptible and incident lands by applying a low-toxicity and low-residue suspending agent prepared by mixing azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, and carrying out prevention and control on pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax leaf spot diseases in combination with agricultural measures. By using the method for effectively preventing and controlling pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax leaf spot diseases disclosed by the invention, the prevention and control effect can reach 92%, and the method has the advantages that the yield can be increased by 10-50% in comparison with equivalent control methods, thereby recovering the economic losses of medicinal herb growers. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and obvious economic and social benefits, and effectively solves the disease problem of pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax leaf spot diseases, so that the quality and the security of medicinal materials can be ensured while the yield of pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax is increased, and therefore, the method is widely applicable to the production and planting of pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) pax.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method effectively preventing and treating radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, platymiscium protection and technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation.
Technical background:
Radix pseudostellariae is the dried root of pinkwort caryophyllaceous ginseng Pseudostellariaheterophylla (Miq.) Pax, have replenish qi to invigorate the spleen, promoting production of body fluid and nourishing the lung effect.Increasingly exhausted along with wild radix pseudostellariae resources of medicinal plant, now radix pseudostellariae in tcm clinical practice formula, Chinese patent drug, health medicine are produced medicinal material used all from cultivation resource.The current whole nation larger radix pseudostellariae cultivation producing region have Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guizhou, wherein Xuancheng Profile, anhui Province, Zherong, Fujian, Shibing, Guizhou produce the main flow that resource occupies radix pseudostellariae commodity market.
Radix pseudostellariae is because of property of medicine gentleness, and be the parts of generic medicinal plants of medicine-food two-purpose, the development to health food, cosmetic industry is strengthened day by day, and market demand increases gradually, and the commodity price of medicinal material constantly rises in recent years, have stimulated radix pseudostellariae plantation industry and expands rapidly.For Guizhou, ten administrative areas, Yu Ge counties and cities intend developing the plantation of radix pseudostellariae medicinal material as improving one of agricultural structure and the means promoting local economic development.But along with the increase of the large-area cultivation of radix pseudostellariae and Planting Years, continuous cropping obstacle, damage by disease and insect occurrence degree increase the weight of year by year, and production declining threatens the sound development of radix pseudostellariae industry.In the field planting of radix pseudostellariae, leaf spot is its Major Diseases, and the incidence of disease is 10% ~ 40%, and high reaches 60% ~ 80%, and average hazard ratio is 50% ~ 70%, and some producing region even reaches 93%, and production loss is serious, even has no harvest.
Radix pseudostellariae leaf spot is caused by Fungi Imperfecti Phyllosticta Phyllostictacommonsii fungal infection, germ with pycnidium, on invalid body, more survive the winter by the summer, when condition is suitable for, pycnidium discharges conidium, conidium is propagated with air-flow, rainwater, infect plant from radix pseudostellariae blade wound, pore, produce conidium after morbidity and infect again.Radix pseudostellariae leaf spot initial stage plant lower blade is injured, and upwards expansion spreads gradually.First there is the circular little withered spot of canescence in incidence of leaf, yellow dizzy around, scab expands rear blade and grows graininess black point (pycnidium for germ), and be arranged in wheel line shape, later stage several scab merges into irregular large spot, the central perforation of chronic illness spot, and whole leaf is withered, serious whole strain of falling ill is withered, causes Severe Reduction.
Radix pseudostellariae leaf spot generally temperature be 15 ~ 18 DEG C 3, April start morbidity, May peaks, and developmenting spread is very fast.Under the conditions such as, extensive management, plant strain growth many at rainwater are bad, morbidity is serious, and blade large area brown can be caused withered.When humidity is larger, there is water soaking mode scab in blade of being injured, and green with moving back, and starts to decay soon, can cause downy mildew, causes sage root growth to stagnate, and output reduces.Disease plant poor growth, fleshy root slight of stature, yield poorly, poor quality, cause serious threat to the production of radix pseudostellariae, therefore, leaf spot has become one of bottleneck of restriction radix pseudostellariae industry development.
The disease control of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot is related to planting benefit and the quality of medicinal material of radix pseudostellariae, has caused the attention of people.Researcher is had to be thought by test, 4 kinds of medicaments such as 60%00 Thailand, 10% Difenoconazole, 25% Amici reach, 40% Flusilazole have good preventive effect to leaf spot, and (Li Zhong, waits radix pseudostellariae leaf spot pesticide control to screen " farming and cultivation " the 1st phase in 2013 21 ~ 23 pages; Xu Jian, the green Study of Prevention Technology of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, Guizhou University's 2008 Master degree candidate's academic dissertations).But the Field information situation of these medicaments to radix pseudostellariae is also indefinite, also lacks the operational procedure of specification, is also difficult to promotion and implementation at present.By to literature search, find that the report of the prevention and controls about radix pseudostellariae leaf spot has:
1. the bordeaux mixture of 1:1:200, sprayed 1 time every 15 ~ 20 days, or with 65% Zineb wettable powder, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid spraying control (Wang Jianjun waits radix pseudostellariae No-harmful apple orchard technical regulation " Shandong vegetables " the 1st phase in 2013 25 ~ 26 pages);
2. 1:1:150 times of bordeaux mixture, or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid spraying controls (Wu Li holds Fu'an City Shang Baishi town radix pseudostellariae main diseases and insect pests occurrence characteristic and prophylactico-therapeutic measures " modern agriculture science and technology " the 18th phase 213 pages in 2011);
3. 40% missible oil, 8000 times of liquid or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 300 ~ 400 times of liquid, spraying in every 7 days 1 time (Xia Zhongmin waits Guizhou Province's radix pseudostellariae pest innoxious governance technology " Guizhou Agricultural Sciences " the 32nd volume the 4th phase in 2004 72 ~ 73 pages);
4. 80% large raw M-45 wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, every mu of consumption 100g prevents; At the initial stage of a disease, select the high 1500 times of liquid of 10% generation, every mu of consumption 40g, or use hectogram 1000 times of liquid, every mu of consumption 56g, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, connect spray 2 times (the precious radix pseudostellariae damage by disease and insect of Chen Xuan and the shallow opinion of prevention and control measure " agricultural technology service " volume third phase March the 32nd in 2015 113 ~ 114 pages);
5. 10% Difenoconazole adds 65% mancozeb and adds tpn and prevent and treat, every mu is watered 30kg and sprays, and prevents and treats continuously 2 ~ 3 times (male radix pseudostellariae high-yield culture technique " friend of farmer richness " of Liu Chang 2013 the 12nd phase (the second half of the month) 157 pages);
6. spray 1:1:100 bordeaux mixture, spray 1 (Lin Chuiwen radix pseudostellariae culture technique " modern agriculture science and technology " the 6th phase 43 pages in 2009 every spray in 10 days 1 time or with 65% Zineb wettable powder, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid every 7 days; Zheng Yimin, etc. radix pseudostellariae high-yield cultivation technique " basic unit's J Chinese " the 14th volume the 3rd phase in 2000 44 ~ 45 pages; Number of patent application: 201410170274.5 1 kinds of radix pseudostellariae cultivation methods);
7. every mu of use 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600 times of liquid spraying controls, spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times (Li Entao, waits Wengan County radix pseudostellariae main diseases and insect pests and comprehensive preventive health measures " plant doctor ", 2013 the 26th volume the 6th phase 20 ~ 21 pages);
8. the bactericide such as 50% carbendazim, 500 ~ 800 times of liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times of liquid, 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid are selected, every 7 ~ 10 days, spray 2 ~ 3 times (Wen Xuesen waits radix pseudostellariae Common Diseases and control " traditional Chinese medicine " 26 volumes the 4th phase 243-245 page in 2003 thereof).
By visiting and investigating discovery on the spot to radix pseudostellariae cultivation producing region, after there is radix pseudostellariae leaf spot in production, agricultural 1:1:100 ~ 1:1:200 the bordeaux mixture of main employing, 65% Zineb wettable powder 500 ~ 600 times liquid, or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid are prevented and treated, but effect is undesirable, especially 3 ~ May due to temperature high, high humidity, once morbidity, can expand rapidly in very short time, disease occurs serious, cause a lot of medicinal herb grower to have to destroy ill plant, cause very large economic loss.In addition, radix pseudostellariae is used as medicine with block root, and it is more outstanding that quality security problem compares crops.Disease expansion effectively can not be controlled owing to being used alone bactericide, medicinal herb grower often increases access times and strengthens usage amount, cause environment persticide residue large, contaminated soil and underground water source, cause radix pseudostellariae medicinal material seriously polluted, and residual the exceeding standard of agriculture has a strong impact on medical material quanlity, and then cause safety hazards.For guaranteeing the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicine, for the control of leaf spot, not having good method to publish all the time, up to the present yet there is no efficient medicament with strong points.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming prior art, the method of different control radix pseudostellariae leaf spot and different agents combination is adopted to carry out comparative test, filter out the method for suspending agent as chemical control radix pseudostellariae leaf spot using low toxicity, low residual Fluoxastrobin and Difenoconazole mixture, and by being optimized the mixed ratio of Fluoxastrobin and Difenoconazole and concentration, finally optimized mixed ratio and the concentration of Fluoxastrobin and Difenoconazole.Medicament proves through a large amount of field trials of nearly 5 years, and chemical control of the present invention effectively can prevent and treat radix pseudostellariae leaf spot (control efficiency can reach 92%) in conjunction with agricultural measures, and then provides a kind of method effectively can preventing and treating radix pseudostellariae leaf spot.
The present invention includes following content:
(1) select to reserve seed for planting without diseased plant, planting seed, or cultivate the plantation of nontoxic seedling: select the block root of plantation resistance plant to reserve seed for planting, as kind of a cultivation, prevent the generation of leaf spot from physiological inheritting angle; Or the seminal propagation seedling of healthy and strong plant, avoids germ conidial residual and disease that is that cause occurs; Or cultivate nontoxic seedling, the pathogenic bacteria of cutting off leaf spot are former.
(2) improve field permeability, strengthen water and fertilizer management, keep irrigation and drainage unobstructed: radix pseudostellariae is ratio of rhizome medicinal material, the sand loam that happiness is loose, intolerant to waterlogging, railway carriage or compartment cultivation should have been carried out, increase the distance between strain, row, improve field permeability; Often remove weeds in field in cultivation, keep well-ventilated; Rainy season will dig through irrigation and drainage ditch in time, accomplishes to arrange and can fill with, and reduces humidity, keeps furrow face dry and comfortable moistening, in order to growth, strengthens plant resistance, prevents proliferation of germs from stretching.
(3) in time diseased plant invalid body is extractd in cleaning: in the course of cultivation, once find disease, should clear up in time and extract sick blade, dead leaf and invalid thing, and concentrates and burn, and avoids other plant of courses of infection.
(4) efficent rotation: after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, removes radix pseudostellariae acrial part residual in soil in time, to eliminate field wintering cause of disease, reduces source of infection in the coming year, alleviates harm, and carry out crop rotation in more than 2 years with the gramineous crop such as corn, Chinese sorghum;
(5) chemical control: occur once find that there is leaf spot disease, use the suspending agent of low toxicity, low residual Fluoxastrobin and Difenoconazole mixture in time on whole blade face.Concrete operations are: 1. become suspending agent containing 15% ~ 25% Fluoxastrobin with 10% ~ 15% Difenoconazole mixture according to weight ratio 1 part; 2. by suspending agent dilution 1000 ~ 2500 times; 3., on even spraying radix pseudostellariae plant blade face, every spraying in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, 3 ~ 4 times are used continuously.
Preferably, described suspending agent forms containing about 20% Fluoxastrobin and 12.5% Difenoconazole mixture according to weight ratio 1 part.
Preferably, being diluted by described suspending agent is 1000 ~ 2500 times.
Preferred, the extension rate of described suspending agent is 1500 ~ 2000 times.
Advantage of the present invention is: the new method 1. providing a kind of effective control radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, control efficiency reaches more than 92%, effectively can control the harm of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, solve the problem that current radix pseudostellariae leaf spot control efficiency is undesirable, the diffusion effectively controlling disease spreads; 2. take chemical control in conjunction with agricultural measures prevention radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, while increase radix pseudostellariae output, the quality and safety of medicinal material can be guaranteed, reduce environmental pollution; 3. the prevention and controls of more equal radix pseudostellariae leaf spot comparatively conventional cultivation management method volume increase 10% ~ 50%, retrieves medicinal herb grower's economic loss; 4. practical, easy to operate, cost is low, is easy to apply.
The present invention has easy and simple to handle, and cost is lower, economic benefit and the obvious advantage of social benefit, efficiently solve radix pseudostellariae tikka disease problem, while increase radix pseudostellariae output, the quality and safety of medicinal material can be guaranteed, extensively the plantation of suitable radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, can be applicable.
Embodiment:
Explain the present invention further below in conjunction with examples of implementation, can implement according to this after consulting this specification to make this area ordinary person, but examples of implementation do not limit in any form the present invention.
Embodiment one: carry out field trial in radix pseudostellariae planting base, Niu great Chang town, Guizhou Sanhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shibing.
(1) select to reserve seed for planting without diseased plant: select radix pseudostellariae well-grown in August, 2010, without the plot of damage by disease and insect as radix pseudostellariae seed-plot, December, primary excavation rose, and selected terminal bud healthy and strong, intact, ginseng body is loose, size is neat, without the block root of damage by disease and insect as kind of a cultivation.
(2) field permeability is improved, strengthen water and fertilizer management, keep irrigation and drainage unobstructed: mid-December in the same year cultivates, cultivation before press radix pseudostellariae cultivation conventional method wholely, sterilize and basal dressing, make wide 0.8 ~ 1.2m, height about 25cm railway carriage or compartment, hug pine to rake, cultivate, on a conventional basis, increase line-spacing, cave apart from about 1 ~ 2cm; After planting radix pseudostellariae cultivation method carries out field management routinely, and often removes weeds in field, keeps well-ventilated, digs through irrigation and drainage ditch during rainy season, keeps furrow face dry and comfortable moistening.
(3) in time diseased plant invalid body is extractd in cleaning: in the course of cultivation, once find disease, sick blade, dead leaf and invalid thing are extractd in cleaning in time, and concentrates and burn.
(4) efficent rotation: after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, removes radix pseudostellariae acrial part residual in soil in time, and carries out crop rotation in 2 years with the gramineous crop such as corn, Chinese sorghum.
(5) chemical control: in morbidity and susceptible plot, occur once find that there is leaf spot disease, according to weight ratio 1 part containing 15% ~ 25% Fluoxastrobin and 10% ~ 15% Difenoconazole mixture suspending agent, after diluting 1000 ~ 2500 times, even spraying radix pseudostellariae plant blade face, every spraying in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, use 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
The incidence of disease of investigation statistics control front and back leaf spot and control efficiency, survey item comprises morbidity strain number, the morbidity number of sheets and occurring degree, calculate the strain incidence of disease, the leaf incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, observation survey adopts 5 point samplings, 30 strains of often some statistics, repeat, ask its mean value for 3 times.By actual production product during results, analyze control efficiency.
Wherein, be designated as 0 grade without tikka is pathogenetic, what scab accounted for blade area less than 1/4 is designated as 1 grade, and scab accounts for blade area less than 1/4 ~ 1/2 and is designated as 2 grades, and scab accounts for blade area less than 1/2 ~ 3/4 and is designated as 3 grades, and scab accounts for blade area more than 3/4 and is designated as 4 grades;
Disease index (%)=∑ (the sick number of sheets × morbidity progression at different levels)/(investigating total number of sheets × highest ranked progression) × 100;
Relative control effect (%)=(check plot disease index-treatment region disease index)/disease index × 100, check plot.
In early August, 2011, the withered seedling of radix pseudostellariae acrial part, select fine day to carry out gathering and carry out survey to produce, quality is all satisfied with the regulation of 2010 editions Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China radix pseudostellariae quality standards.The fresh ginseng root of radix pseudostellariae per mu yield 320 ~ 500kg, high yield person reaches 800kg; The fresh ginseng root of conventional radix pseudostellariae cultivation management method per mu yield 130 ~ 270kg, adopts prevention and controls of the present invention to have obvious effect of increasing production, comparatively conventional cultivation management method volume increase 18% ~ 48%.Use method of the present invention, the cure rate of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot is 85% ~ 92%, the preventive effect of conventional crown prince's cultivation management method is 48% ~ 60%, prevention and controls of the present invention is adopted to have certain facilitation to radix pseudostellariae growth, using posterior lobe look transfers to dark green, and the retention time is longer, still keeps green to early July leaf look, radix pseudostellariae fall seedling stage comparatively conventional cultivation management method fall to postpone more than 15 days seedling stage, extend the vegetative period of radix pseudostellariae.Therefore, if method of the present invention is promoted successfully, will greatly improve radix pseudostellariae output, retrieve the economic loss of medicinal herb grower.
Embodiment two: carry out field trial in radix pseudostellariae planting base, new bridge village, area just outside a city gate town, Guizhou Sanhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shibing County.
(1) select to reserve seed for planting without diseased plant: select radix pseudostellariae well-grown in August, 2011, without the plot of damage by disease and insect as radix pseudostellariae seed-plot, December, primary excavation rose, and selected terminal bud healthy and strong, intact, ginseng body is loose, size is neat, without the block root of damage by disease and insect as kind of a cultivation.
(2) field permeability is improved, strengthen water and fertilizer management, keep irrigation and drainage unobstructed: early November in the same year cultivates, cultivation before press radix pseudostellariae cultivation conventional method wholely, sterilize and basal dressing, make wide 0.8 ~ 1.2m, height about 25cm railway carriage or compartment, hug pine to rake, cultivate, on a conventional basis, increase line-spacing, cave apart from about 1 ~ 2cm; After planting radix pseudostellariae cultivation method carries out field management routinely, and often removes weeds in field, keeps well-ventilated, digs through irrigation and drainage ditch during rainy season, keeps furrow face dry and comfortable moistening.
(3) in time diseased plant invalid body is extractd in cleaning: in the course of cultivation, once find disease, sick blade, dead leaf and invalid thing are extractd in cleaning in time, and concentrates and burn, and avoids cause of disease to spread.
(4) efficent rotation: after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, removes radix pseudostellariae acrial part residual in soil in time, and carries out crop rotation in 2 years with the gramineous crop such as corn, Chinese sorghum.
(5) chemical control: in susceptible disease and susceptible plot, occur once find that there is leaf spot disease, according to weight ratio 1 part containing about 20% Fluoxastrobin and 12.5% Difenoconazole mixture suspending agent, after diluting 1500 ~ 2000 times, even spraying radix pseudostellariae plant blade face, every spraying in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, use 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
The incidence of disease of leaf spot and control efficiency after investigation statistics chemical control, investigation record project comprises morbidity strain number, the morbidity number of sheets and occurring degree, and calculate the strain incidence of disease, the leaf incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, concrete operations refer to previous embodiment one.By actual production product during results, analyze control efficiency.
In late July, 2012, the withered seedling of radix pseudostellariae acrial part, select fine day to carry out gathering and carry out survey to produce, quality is all satisfied with the regulation of 2010 editions Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China radix pseudostellariae quality standards.Prevention and controls of the present invention is adopted to have obvious effect of increasing production, the fresh ginseng root of radix pseudostellariae per mu yield 400 ~ 550kg; The fresh ginseng root of conventional radix pseudostellariae cultivation management method per mu yield 250 ~ 360kg, adopts method of the present invention comparatively conventional cultivation management method volume increase 11% ~ 52%.Use method of the present invention, the cure rate of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot is 88% ~ 92%, the preventive effect of conventional crown prince's cultivation management method is 48% ~ 60%, and leaf spot prevention and controls of the present invention has certain facilitation to radix pseudostellariae growth, using posterior lobe look transfers to dark green, and the retention time is longer, still keeps green to early July leaf look, radix pseudostellariae fall seedling stage comparatively conventional cultivation management method fall to postpone more than 20 days seedling stage, extend the vegetative period of radix pseudostellariae.Therefore, if method of the present invention is promoted successfully, will greatly improve radix pseudostellariae output, retrieve the economic loss of medicinal herb grower.
Embodiment three: carry out field trial in radix pseudostellariae planting base, Gan Xi township, Shibing of Guizhou Sanhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd..
(1) select seed breeding: before maturation, carpopodium will be connected and cut at seed 5 ~ June in 2012, put after the dry place of room ventilation dries in the shade, carry out threshing, clean, carry out that mulling is wet hides immediately.After sterilization at the beginning of 2012 10 months, carry out planting seed according to a conventional method, transplant when seedling grows 2 ~ 3 pairs of true leaves.
(2) field permeability is improved, strengthen water and fertilizer management, keep irrigation and drainage unobstructed: cultivation before press radix pseudostellariae cultivate conventional method wholely, sterilize and basal dressing, make wide 0.8 ~ 1.2m, the railway carriage or compartment of high about 25cm, hugs pine and rakes, cultivate, on a conventional basis, line-spacing, cave is increased apart from about 1 ~ 2cm; After planting radix pseudostellariae cultivation method carries out field management routinely, and often removes weeds in field, keeps well-ventilated, digs through irrigation and drainage ditch during rainy season, keeps furrow face dry and comfortable moistening.
(3) in time diseased plant invalid body is extractd in cleaning: in the course of cultivation, once find disease, sick blade, dead leaf and invalid thing are extractd in cleaning in time, and concentrates and burn.
(4) efficent rotation: after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, removes radix pseudostellariae acrial part residual in soil in time, and carries out crop rotation in 2 years with the gramineous crop such as corn, Chinese sorghum.
(5) in susceptible disease and susceptible plot, occur once find that there is leaf spot disease, according to weight ratio 1 part containing about 20% Fluoxastrobin and 12.5% Difenoconazole mixture suspending agent, after diluting 1500 ~ 2000 times, on even spraying radix pseudostellariae plant blade face, every spraying in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, use 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
The incidence of disease of leaf spot and control efficiency after investigation statistics chemical control, investigation record project comprises morbidity strain number, the morbidity number of sheets and occurring degree, and calculate the strain incidence of disease, the leaf incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, previous embodiment one is shown in concrete operations.By actual production product during results, analyze control efficiency.
At the beginning of 2013 8 months, the withered seedling of radix pseudostellariae acrial part, select fine day to carry out gathering and carry out survey to produce, quality is all satisfied with the regulation of 2010 editions Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China radix pseudostellariae quality standards.Prevention and controls of the present invention is adopted to have obvious effect of increasing production, the fresh ginseng root of radix pseudostellariae per mu yield 250 ~ 300kg, high yield person 800kg; The fresh ginseng root of conventional radix pseudostellariae cultivation management method per mu yield 150 ~ 200kg, adopts prevention and controls of the present invention comparatively conventional cultivation management method volume increase 25% ~ 50%.Use method of the present invention, the cure rate of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot is 88% ~ 92%, the preventive effect of conventional crown prince's cultivation management method is 48% ~ 60%, and adopt prevention and controls of the present invention to have certain facilitation to radix pseudostellariae growth, using posterior lobe look transfers to dark green, and the retention time is longer, still keeps green to early July leaf look, radix pseudostellariae fall seedling stage comparatively conventional cultivation management method fall to postpone more than 15 ~ 20 days seedling stage, extend the vegetative period of radix pseudostellariae.Therefore, if method of the present invention is promoted successfully, will greatly improve radix pseudostellariae output, retrieve the economic loss of medicinal herb grower.
Embodiment four carries out field trial in radix pseudostellariae planting base, Niu great Chang town, Guizhou Sanhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shibing.
(1) plantation of nontoxic seedling is cultivated: cultivate nontoxic seedling, plant in late Febuary, 2014.
(2) field permeability is improved, strengthen water and fertilizer management, keep irrigation and drainage unobstructed: cultivation before press radix pseudostellariae cultivate conventional method wholely, sterilize and basal dressing, make wide 0.8 ~ 1.2m, the railway carriage or compartment of high about 25cm, hugs pine and rakes, cultivate, on a conventional basis, line-spacing, cave is increased apart from about 1 ~ 2cm; After planting radix pseudostellariae cultivation method carries out field management routinely, and often removes weeds in field, keeps well-ventilated, digs through irrigation and drainage ditch during rainy season, keeps furrow face dry and comfortable moistening.
(3) in time diseased plant invalid body is extractd in cleaning: in the course of cultivation, once find disease, sick blade, dead leaf and invalid thing are extractd in cleaning in time, and concentrates and burn.
(4) efficent rotation: after radix pseudostellariae is excavated, removes radix pseudostellariae acrial part residual in soil in time, and carries out crop rotation in 2 years with the gramineous crop such as corn, Chinese sorghum.
(5) chemical control: in susceptible disease and susceptible plot, occur once find that there is disease, according to weight ratio 1 part containing 15% ~ 25% Fluoxastrobin and 10% ~ 15% Difenoconazole mixture suspending agent, after diluting 1000 ~ 2500 times, on even spraying radix pseudostellariae plant blade face, every spraying in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, use 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
The incidence of disease of leaf spot and control efficiency after investigation statistics chemical control, investigation record project comprises morbidity strain number, the morbidity number of sheets and occurring degree, and calculate the strain incidence of disease, the leaf incidence of disease, disease index and control efficiency, previous embodiment one is shown in concrete operations.By actual production product during results, analyze control efficiency.
The withered seedling of in early August, 2015 radix pseudostellariae acrial part, select fine day to carry out gathering and carry out survey to produce, quality is all satisfied with the regulation of 2010 editions Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China radix pseudostellariae quality standards.Prevention and controls of the present invention is adopted to have obvious effect of increasing production, the fresh ginseng root of radix pseudostellariae per mu yield 450 ~ 600kg, high yield person 800kg; The fresh ginseng root of conventional radix pseudostellariae cultivation management method per mu yield 250 ~ 400kg, adopts prevention and controls of the present invention comparatively conventional cultivation management method volume increase 12.5% ~ 50%.Use method of the present invention, the cure rate of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot is 88% ~ 92%, the preventive effect of conventional crown prince's cultivation management method is 48% ~ 60%, and adopt prevention and controls of the present invention to have certain facilitation to radix pseudostellariae growth, using posterior lobe look transfers to dark green, and the retention time is longer, still keeps green to early July leaf look, radix pseudostellariae fall seedling stage comparatively conventional cultivation management method fall to postpone more than 15 days seedling stage, extend the vegetative period of radix pseudostellariae.Therefore, if method of the present invention is promoted successfully, will greatly improve radix pseudostellariae output, retrieve the economic loss of medicinal herb grower.
Claims (7)
1. effectively prevent and treat a method for radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, it is characterized in that, chemical control prevents in conjunction with agricultural measures.
2. as claimed in claim 1, a kind of method of effective control radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, is characterized in that, described chemical control is: the plot of leaf spot is occurring, the suspending agent using Fluoxastrobin and Difenoconazole mixture carries out chemical control, every 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, uses 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
3., as shown in claim 2, described suspending agent contains 15% ~ 25% Fluoxastrobin and 10% ~ 15% Difenoconazole according to weight ratio 1 part.
4. as stated in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described suspending agent contains 20% Fluoxastrobin and 12.5% Difenoconazole according to weight ratio 1 part.
5. as shown in claim 2, it is characterized in that, by even spraying radix pseudostellariae plant blade face after described suspending agent dilution 1000 ~ 2500 times.
6. as claimed in claim 1, a kind of method of effective control radix pseudostellariae leaf spot, is characterized in that, described chemical control is in conjunction with agricultural measures prevention, specific as follows:
(1) select reserve seed for planting without diseased plant, planting seed, or cultivate nontoxic seedling plant;
(2) improve field permeability, strengthen water and fertilizer management, keep irrigation and drainage unobstructed;
(3) diseased plant invalid body is extractd in cleaning in time;
(4), after excavating, remove radix pseudostellariae acrial part residual in soil, carry out crop rotation with gramineous crop;
(5) once find radix pseudostellariae leaf spot disease, the suspending agent used in time described in claim 2 ~ 5 carries out chemical control.
7. the application of any one of claim 2 ~ 6 in the control of radix pseudostellariae leaf spot.
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