CN106358971A - Method for cultivating grapes in south - Google Patents
Method for cultivating grapes in south Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358971A CN106358971A CN201610750369.3A CN201610750369A CN106358971A CN 106358971 A CN106358971 A CN 106358971A CN 201610750369 A CN201610750369 A CN 201610750369A CN 106358971 A CN106358971 A CN 106358971A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating grapes in the south. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out field planting; (2) managing in a seedling stage, namely a, fertilizing, and b, cultivating a tree structure, wherein the step a comprises fertilizing once every other three days after new tips and tendrils are grown, reserving one robust tip every plant and removing the rest tips; the step b comprises pinching when the new tips grow to be 55-65cm long, selecting and reserving two robust summer bud secondary shoots at the upper part, and removing the rest summer bud secondary shoots; leveling off second branches to two opposite directions when 5-7 bubs are grown on each second branch, binding on a support, and pinching; uniformly reserving 8-10 summer bud secondary shoots grown on the second branches every plant, reserving 2-4 leaves, and pinching; reserving one after new tips are grown on tertiary tips; (3) fertilizing grape vines; (4) pruning; (5) treating flowers and fruits; and (6) carrying out pest control. The method provided by the invention can effectively guarantee the nutrition supply of the grape vines in each growth period, the field planting and high yield in the same year are realized, and the yield and quality of grapes are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vinegrowing technology, particularly a kind of cultural method of south grape.
Background technology
Along with scientific and technological progress, New technical use emerges in an endless stream, and Fructus Vitis viniferae industry is rapidly developed, different types of for making
Fructus Vitis viniferae successfully can be cultivated in southern each department, typically select high anti-stock and rational scion and rootstock combination, rain shelter cultivation, cultivate
The supporting technologies such as rationally tree-like and trim mode, capture the technical barrier in southern high-temperature high Humid Area Efficient Cultivation for the Fructus Vitis viniferae, with
Realize high yield, high-quality, Effictive nuisancelless cultivation.
At present, southern area is China viny region with fastest developing speed, and south grape cultivated area and yield account for the whole nation
The gross area and the 23% and 22% about of total output, wine-growing management technique is higher in national level.For example, summer Black Grape is near
Introduce southern new varieties over year, have become as the leading products of south grape industry development, production technology is ripe, has production
Instant effect, the features such as income is high, i.e. Fructus Vitis viniferae First Year plantation, Second Year can be born fruit, and high yield is benefited, by numerous orchard workers within 3 years
Like.
How to improve wine-growing technology further, shorten implantation time, lifting grape quality and yield, carry to greatest extent
The land output benefit of high peasant, accelerating Fructus Vitis viniferae industry development becomes the new problem of wine-growing scientific and technical personnel research.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned not enough of prior art and provide and a kind of can be colonized the south got bumper crops then then
The cultural method of square Fructus Vitis viniferae, can effectively improve Yield and quality and the cycle of Fructus Vitis viniferae.
The technical scheme is that a kind of cultural method of south grape, comprise the following steps:
(1) it is colonized: a. determines plantation density；B. select Seedling: the rugosity of planting stock is in more than 0.5cm；C. proping；
(2) seedling period management: a. applies fertilizer: after young sprout tendril grows, every fertilising in 3 days once, every plant retains a healthy and strong tip,
Remaining is erased；B. tree management culture: whne young sprout length to 55-65cm long when pinch, the healthy and strong summer bud sublateral shoot in two, top of selecting and remain,
Remaining summer bud sublateral shoot is all erased；When second branch grows to 5-6 bud, second branch is evened up to contrary both direction, be strapped in and prop up
On frame, pluck top；Every plant of the summer bud sublateral shoot growing on second branch uniformly stays 8-10 bar, stays 2-4 leaf pinching；Treat that three tips grow again
During young sprout, every plant is only stayed one；
(3) applying fruit trees with fertilizer: annual chemical fertilizer mu consumption is: compound fertilizer's 90-110 jin, calcareous fertilisers 50-70 jin, fertiliser containing magnesium 30-50 jin, boron fertilizer
3-5 jin, potash fertilizer 30-50 jin, urge seed manure 20-30 jin；Generally apply fertilizer three times every year, in the fertilising of March then, September and December
Effect is preferable；
(4) prune: fruitful branch stays 8 leaf pinching, and in addition to top tip, remaining sublateral shoot all stays the pinching without offspring of single leaf or erases, up
Young sprout stays 3 leaf pinching, forms the structure of function of tonic chord leaf 8+3+3, the i.e. structure of 8 leaf+3 leaf+3 leaf；
(5) flowers and fruits are processed: a. flower and fruit protecting: young flower sequence carries out garland process with gibberellin when separating, and the flowers are in blossom puts and use chlorine pyrrole when 85%
Urea and gibberellin flower and fruit protecting 7-10 days, carry out Peng fruit when young fruit grows to a diameter of 0.5-1cm with CPPU plus gibberellin；b.
Flower and fruit thinning: before blooming, the top of three branches by secondary fringe near carpopodium and fringe is wiped out, and only stays the mid portion of inflorescence；Dredge
Fruit is carried out after swollen fruit, and every fringe stays fruit 80-100 grain, and every plant is stayed fruit 6-8 fringe；C. bagging: determine fringe and determine timely bagging after grain；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: for the feature of fruit tree different growing stage morbidity, fruit tree is prevented using different medicines
Control.
Further, in step (1), described plantation density plants 300-600 strain for mu.
Further, in step (2), described tree management is cultivated and is specifically included following steps:
(2-1) when young sprout length is pinched to 55-65cm length, whole strain, control shoot are sprayed with helping strong element to be watered, under ground portion is applied with dropper
Carbamide adds humic acids nutritional solution, 8-12 days after pinching, upper and lower two healthy and strong summer buds of selecting and remain；
(2-2) when second branch grows to 5-6 bud, second branch is evened up to contrary both direction, be strapped in the ground floor of " v " shape frame
On iron wire, pluck top；With helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, under ground portion is fertile with full water-soluble high nitrogen type
Expect plus the punching of humic acids nutritional solution applies or drip irrigation applies；
(2-3) every plant of the summer bud sublateral shoot growing on second branch uniformly stays 8-10 bar, stays 2-4 leaf pinching, with helping strong element to phosphorate acid
Potassium dihydrogen is watered and sprays whole strain, control shoot, under ground portion full water-soluble equilibrated type fertilizer add amino-acid nutrition liquid punching apply or with
Dropper applies；
(2-4) every plant of the young sprout that three tips grow again only stays one, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control
The tip, under ground portion full water-soluble high phosphorous fertilizer adds amino-acid nutrition liquid punching to be applied or applies with dropper.
Further, in step (1), support adopts diesis " v " shape frame, and puts up before March then.
Further, in step (2), described fertilising is to adopt the dung polluted water that becomes thoroughly decomposed to add water 2-4 times or the chemical fertilizer based on ammonia pours
Apply.
Further, in step (5), protect times 2000-3000 times of liquid using 50% before bagging and add 20% phenyl ether methyl cyclic file 2500-
3000 times of liquid or 1000-2000 times of immersion of 22% imazalil fruit, bagging immediately after dry.
Further, also include foliage dressing step: sea green fertilizer 1000-1500 extraordinarily chlorocholine chloride 2000-3000 of Seedling Stage
Spray whole strain again, so that blade face blade back is all squirted；Combine the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control during remaining period spray and add 500-700 times of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium.
Further, in step (6), the described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes: before bagging, in order to prevent downy mildew to occur, with 50% guarantor
The double 1200-1500 times of liquid of times good fortune magnesium adds the 1800-2000 times of liquid in golden Cork and adds 2500-3000 times of liquid complete stool sprays of emamectin benzoate；The state of an illness
When serious, fill spray again once after 5-7 days.
Further, in step (6), in order to prevent gray mold to occur, with 1000-1200 times of liquid of 22.2% imazalil, or use
50% 500-600 times of procymidone liquid adds the double 1200-1800 times of liquid of 50% guarantor times good fortune magnesium；Or with 70% thiophanate-methyl 600-800
Times liquid sprays；The described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes:
Further, in order to prevent white rot to occur, with 8000-10000 times of liquid of 40% bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane, or with 25% Fluoxastrobin 1200-
1500 times of liquid；Or with 3000-5000 times of liquid of 20% Difenoconazole；Also or with 22.2% 1200-1500 times of imazalil
Liquid sprays.
Further, in step (1), date of described field planting is selected in the December of 1 year to 2 months then.
Further, described Fructus Vitis viniferae was born fruit in the 9-10 month then, and the 11-12 month plucks.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) pass through for Seedling Stage viny and fruit tree phase to carry out fertilizing management respectively, applied fertilizer using different fertilizer, have
Effect ensure that the nutrition supply of each growth period of vine, improves yield and the quality of Fructus Vitis viniferae；
(2) by being managed to Seedling Stage viny, so that vine accelerates nutrition conversion, rapidly becoming sturdy tree body
Structure, is advantageously implemented to be colonized then and gets bumper crops then, increases the amount of bearing fruit of Fructus Vitis viniferae, improves the yield of Fructus Vitis viniferae；
(3) pass through the difference in vine different growing stage occurrence regularity, for the incidental disease of different times vine
Disease, accomplishes to rely mainly on prevention, and supplemented by treatment, effectively prevents the generation of grapevine diseases, is conducive to the growth of Fructus Vitis viniferae, and obtains then
Field planting high yield and the high-quality Fructus Vitis viniferae of high yield then；
(4) compared with prior art, the present invention is by effectively being managed in the field planting of Fructus Vitis viniferae, Seedling Stage and fruit tree phase, greatly
Improve greatly the yield of Fructus Vitis viniferae, reach the high yield of more than average 1250kg/ mu.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details.
The present embodiment illustrates taking summer Black Grape as a example.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of summer Black Grape, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is colonized:
A. Planting time: select field planting field first, field planting field may be selected at the rice terrace or at dry land etc.；Fixed
Plant the previous moon will whole well；The field planting date of the present embodiment is selected in the December of 1 year；
B. determine plantation density: by the specification field planting of seeding row spacing 0.5*2.2 rice, mu plants 400 plants；
C. select Seedling: from sturdy Seedling, the rugosity of planting stock must reach more than 0.5cm, and more thick better, the field planting of the present embodiment
Seedling rugosity is selected between 1cm-2cm；
D. proping: using diesis " v " shape frame, facility of simply taking shelter from rain, irrigate with two-tube drip irrigation pattern, and build up in January.
(2) seedling period management:
A. apply fertilizer: after young sprout tendril grows, need to apply fertilizer once every 3 days, add water 3 times to pour with the dung polluted water becoming thoroughly decomposed and apply, every plant
Retain a healthy and strong tip, remaining is erased；
B. tree management culture: young sprout small bamboo or rope draw to tie up and grow up, when young sprout grows to 60cm length and pinches, with helping
Strong element is watered and sprays whole strain, control shoot, promotes the nutrition of grape seedling to convert, and under ground portion is applied carbamide with dropper and added humic acids battalion
Nutrient solution, promotes the healthy and strong growth of root system, 10 days about after pinching, upper and lower two healthy and strong summer bud sublateral shoots of selecting and remain, and remaining summer bud pair
The tip is all erased；
When second branch grows to 5-6 bud, second branch is evened up to contrary both direction, be strapped in the ground floor iron wire of " v " shape frame
On, pluck top；With helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition is promoted to convert, by nourishing and growing
It is converted into reproductive growth, promotes flower_bud formation, under ground portion full water-soluble high nitrogen type fertilizer adds the punching of humic acids nutritional solution to be applied
Or apply with dropper；
Every plant of the summer bud sublateral shoot growing on second branch uniformly stays 8, stays 3 leaf pinching, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to convert
Water sprays whole strain, control shoot, promotes Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition to convert, is converted into reproductive growth, promotes bud shape by nourishing and growing
Become, under ground portion full water-soluble equilibrated type fertilizer adds amino-acid nutrition liquid punching to be applied, or applies with dropper, allow the stalk of plant
Thicker as early as possible；
When three tips grow young sprout again, every plant is only stayed one, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, and promote
So that Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition is converted, by nourishing and growing, be converted into reproductive growth, promote flower_bud formation, under ground portion is used entirely water-soluble
Property high phosphorous fertilizer add amino-acid nutrition liquid punching and apply, or apply with dropper, make the stalk of plant thicker as early as possible, thus promoting every
The flower_bud formation of individual bud shape；Inflorescence is had to occur at fourth, fifth section.
(3) applying fruit trees with fertilizer: the dose being suitable for is selected according to the fertility state in soil, fertile rice terrace, mu applies high-quality
1 ton of chicken manure, nonirrigated farmland mu applies 2 tons of high-quality chicken manure.Annual chemical fertilizer mu consumption is: 100 jin of NPK, 60 jin of calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium 40
Jin, 4 jin of boron fertilizer, 40 jin of potash fertilizer, urge 30 jin of seed manure.
(4) prune: summer pruning is: fruitful branch stays 8 leaf pinching, in addition to top tip, remaining sublateral shoot all stays that single leaf is without offspring to be plucked
The heart or erase, young sprout up stays 3 leaf pinching, forms the structure of function of tonic chord leaf 8+3+3, to ensure enough leaf area supply Portugals
The nutritional need of grape；Winter pruning is pruned using conventional.
(5) flowers and fruits are processed:
A. flower and fruit protecting: young flower sequence carries out garland process with gibberellin when separating, the flowers are in blossom puts CPPU and gibberellin guarantor when 85%
Flower and fruit 8 days, whne young fruit grow to a diameter of 0.6cm about when carry out Peng fruit with CPPU plus gibberellin；
B. flower and fruit thinning: before blooming, the top of three branches by secondary fringe near carpopodium and fringe is wiped out, and only stays the centre of inflorescence
Part；Fruit thinning is carried out after swollen fruit, and every fringe stays fruit 80, and every plant is stayed fruit 6 fringes；
C. bagging: protect times of 3000 times liquid with 50% before bagging and add 20% phenyl ether methyl cyclic and file 3000 times of immersions fruits, bagging immediately after dry.
(6) foliage dressing
Seedling Stage adds 3000 times of liquid of chlorocholine chloride with sea green fertile 1000 times of liquid and sprays whole strain, so that blade face blade back is all squirted, and allows blade
Greening becomes big, and internode shortens, and combines the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and adds 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, promote tree when remaining period sprays every time
Body robust growth.
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
For the feature of fruit tree different growing stage morbidity, fruit tree is prevented and treated using different medicines, and adheres in case being
Main, supplemented by treatment principle, particularly as follows:
A. applying organic manure, applies phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium more, controls ammonia fertilizer to apply, promotes robust plant, strengthens resistivity；B. normal
Once, key agents are Bordeaux mixture, maneb cutting edge of a knife or a sword, Fluoxastrobin, to protect times good fortune magnesium double etc. for rule prevention dispenser in every 15 days；
C. downy mildew: because Spring In Southern rainwater is many, high humidity, it should be noted that the preventing and treating of downy mildew, before bagging, protects times good fortune with 50%
The double 1500 times of liquid+3000 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 2000 times of gold Cork liquid+emamectin benzoate of magnesium, pay special attention to squirt blade back；It is in a bad way
When, fill spray again once after 6 days；
D. gray mold: using 1100 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 22.2% imazalil；
E. white rot: using 9000 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 40% bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane；The preventing and treating of other pest and disease damages also will be done well simultaneously.
(8) harvest: Fructus Vitis viniferae was born fruit in early September then, early November plucks.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of summer Black Grape, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is colonized:
A. Planting time: select field planting field first, field planting field may be selected at the rice terrace or at dry land etc.；Fixed
Plant the previous moon will whole well；The field planting date of the present embodiment is selected in January then；
B. determine plantation density: by the specification field planting of seeding row spacing 0.5*2.2 rice, mu plants 500 plants；
C. select Seedling: from sturdy Seedling, the rugosity of planting stock must reach more than 0.5cm, and more thick better, the field planting of the present embodiment
Seedling rugosity is selected between 2.5cm-4cm；
D. proping: using diesis " v " shape frame, facility of simply taking shelter from rain, irrigate with two-tube drip irrigation pattern, and build up in 2 months.
(2) seedling period management:
A. apply fertilizer: after young sprout tendril grows, need to apply fertilizer once every 3 days, add water 2 times to pour with the dung polluted water becoming thoroughly decomposed and apply, every plant
Retain a healthy and strong tip, remaining is erased；
B. tree management culture: young sprout small bamboo or rope draw to tie up and grow up, when young sprout grows to 65cm length and pinches, with helping
Strong element is watered and sprays whole strain, control shoot, promotes the nutrition of grape seedling to convert, and under ground portion is applied carbamide with dropper and added humic acids battalion
Nutrient solution, promotes the healthy and strong growth of root system, 10 days about after pinching, upper and lower two healthy and strong summer bud sublateral shoots of selecting and remain, and remaining summer bud pair
The tip is all erased；
When second branch grows to 5 bud, second branch is evened up to contrary both direction, is strapped on the ground floor iron wire of " v " shape frame,
Pluck top；With helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, promote Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition to convert, turn by nourishing and growing
Turn to reproductive growth, promote flower_bud formation, under ground portion full water-soluble high nitrogen type fertilizer add humic acids nutritional solution punching apply or
Person applies with dropper；
Every plant of the summer bud sublateral shoot growing on second branch uniformly stays 9, stays 3 leaf pinching, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to convert
Water sprays whole strain, control shoot, promotes Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition to convert, is converted into reproductive growth, promotes bud shape by nourishing and growing
Become, under ground portion full water-soluble equilibrated type fertilizer adds amino-acid nutrition liquid punching to be applied, or applies with dropper, allow the stalk of plant
Thicker as early as possible；
When three tips grow young sprout again, every plant is only stayed one, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, and promote
So that Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition is converted, by nourishing and growing, be converted into reproductive growth, promote flower_bud formation, under ground portion is used entirely water-soluble
Property high phosphorous fertilizer add amino-acid nutrition liquid punching and apply, or apply with dropper, make the stalk of plant thicker as early as possible, thus promoting every
The flower_bud formation of individual bud shape；Inflorescence is had to occur at fourth, fifth section.
(3) applying fruit trees with fertilizer: the dose being suitable for is selected according to the fertility state in soil, fertile rice terrace, mu applies high-quality
1 ton of chicken manure, nonirrigated farmland mu applies 2 tons of high-quality chicken manure.Annual chemical fertilizer mu consumption is: 110 jin of NPK, 50 jin of calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium 50
Jin, 3 jin of boron fertilizer, 30 jin of potash fertilizer, urge 30 jin of seed manure.
(4) prune: summer pruning is: fruitful branch stays 8 leaf pinching, in addition to top tip, remaining sublateral shoot all stays that single leaf is without offspring to be plucked
The heart or erase, young sprout up stays 3 leaf pinching, forms the structure of function of tonic chord leaf 8+3+3, to ensure enough leaf area supply Portugals
The nutritional need of grape；Winter pruning is pruned using conventional.
(5) flowers and fruits are processed:
A. flower and fruit protecting: young flower sequence carries out garland process with gibberellin when separating, the flowers are in blossom puts CPPU and gibberellin guarantor when 85%
Flower and fruit 9 days, whne young fruit grow to a diameter of 0.8cm about when carry out Peng fruit with CPPU plus gibberellin；
B. flower and fruit thinning: before blooming, the top of three branches by secondary fringe near carpopodium and fringe is wiped out, and only stays the centre of inflorescence
Part；Fruit thinning is carried out after swollen fruit, and every fringe stays fruit 100, and every plant is stayed fruit 7-8 fringe；
C. bagging: with 1500 times of immersions of 22% imazalil fruit before bagging, bagging immediately after dry.
(6) foliage dressing
Seedling Stage adds 2500 times of liquid of chlorocholine chloride with sea green fertile 1300 times of liquid and sprays whole strain, so that blade face blade back is all squirted, and allows blade
Greening becomes big, and internode shortens, and combines the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and adds 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, promote tree when remaining period sprays every time
Body robust growth.
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
For the feature of fruit tree different growing stage morbidity, fruit tree is prevented and treated using different medicines, and adheres in case being
Main, supplemented by treatment principle, particularly as follows:
A. applying organic manure, applies phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium more, controls ammonia fertilizer to apply, promotes robust plant, strengthens resistivity；B. normal
Once, key agents are Bordeaux mixture, maneb cutting edge of a knife or a sword, Fluoxastrobin, to protect times good fortune magnesium double etc. for rule prevention dispenser in every 15 days；
C. downy mildew: because Spring In Southern rainwater is many, high humidity, it should be noted that the preventing and treating of downy mildew, before bagging, protects times good fortune with 50%
The double 1200 times of liquid+2500 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 1800 times of gold Cork liquid+emamectin benzoate of magnesium, pay special attention to squirt blade back；It is in a bad way
When, fill spray again once after 7 days；
D. gray mold: add the double 1500 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 50% guarantor times good fortune magnesium using 550 times of liquid of 50% procymidone；
E. white rot: using 1500 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 25% Fluoxastrobin；The preventing and treating of other pest and disease damages also will be done well simultaneously.
(8) harvest: Fructus Vitis viniferae was born fruit in late September then, late November plucks.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method of summer Black Grape, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is colonized:
A. Planting time: select field planting field first, field planting field may be selected at the rice terrace or at dry land etc.；Fixed
Plant the previous moon will whole well；The field planting date of the present embodiment is selected in 2 months then；
B. determine plantation density: by the specification field planting of seeding row spacing 0.5*2.2 rice, mu plants 600 plants；
C. select Seedling: from sturdy Seedling, the rugosity of planting stock must reach more than 0.5cm, and more thick better, the field planting of the present embodiment
Seedling rugosity is selected between 0.5cm-1.5cm；
D. proping: using diesis " v " shape frame, facility of simply taking shelter from rain, irrigate with two-tube drip irrigation pattern, and build up in March.
(2) seedling period management:
A. apply fertilizer: after young sprout tendril grows, need to apply fertilizer once every 3 days, pour in order to the chemical fertilizer based on ammonia and apply, every plant retains one
The root stalwartness tip, remaining is erased；
B. tree management culture: young sprout small bamboo or rope draw to tie up and grow up, when young sprout grows to 55cm length and pinches, with helping
Strong element is watered and sprays whole strain, control shoot, promotes the nutrition of grape seedling to convert, and under ground portion is applied carbamide with dropper and added humic acids battalion
Nutrient solution, promotes the healthy and strong growth of root system, 9 days about after pinching, upper and lower two healthy and strong summer bud sublateral shoots of selecting and remain, and remaining summer bud sublateral shoot
All erase；
When second branch grows to 6 bud, second branch is evened up to contrary both direction, is strapped on the ground floor iron wire of " v " shape frame,
Pluck top；With helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, promote Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition to convert, turn by nourishing and growing
Turn to reproductive growth, promote flower_bud formation, under ground portion full water-soluble high nitrogen type fertilizer add humic acids nutritional solution punching apply or
Person applies with dropper；
Every plant of the summer bud sublateral shoot growing on second branch uniformly stays 10, stays 4 leaf pinching, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to convert
Water sprays whole strain, control shoot, promotes Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition to convert, is converted into reproductive growth, promotes bud shape by nourishing and growing
Become, under ground portion full water-soluble equilibrated type fertilizer adds amino-acid nutrition liquid punching to be applied, or applies with dropper, allow the stalk of plant
Thicker as early as possible；
When three tips grow young sprout again, every plant is only stayed one, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, and promote
So that Fructus Vitis viniferae nutrition is converted, by nourishing and growing, be converted into reproductive growth, promote flower_bud formation, under ground portion is used entirely water-soluble
Property high phosphorous fertilizer add amino-acid nutrition liquid punching and apply, or apply with dropper, make the stalk of plant thicker as early as possible, thus promoting every
The flower_bud formation of individual bud shape；Inflorescence is had to occur at fourth, fifth section.
(3) applying fruit trees with fertilizer: the dose being suitable for is selected according to the fertility state in soil, fertile rice terrace, mu applies high-quality
1 ton of chicken manure, nonirrigated farmland mu applies 2 tons of high-quality chicken manure.Annual chemical fertilizer mu consumption is: 90 jin of NPK, 70 jin of calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium 30
Jin, 5 jin of boron fertilizer, 50 jin of potash fertilizer, urge 20 jin of seed manure.
(4) prune: summer pruning is: fruitful branch stays 8 leaf pinching, in addition to top tip, remaining sublateral shoot all stays that single leaf is without offspring to be plucked
The heart or erase, young sprout up stays 3 leaf pinching, forms the structure of function of tonic chord leaf 8+3+3, to ensure enough leaf area supply Portugals
The nutritional need of grape；Winter pruning is pruned using conventional.
(5) flowers and fruits are processed:
A. flower and fruit protecting: young flower sequence carries out garland process with gibberellin when separating, the flowers are in blossom puts CPPU and gibberellin guarantor when 85%
Flower and fruit 10 days, whne young fruit grow to a diameter of 1.5cm about when carry out Peng fruit with CPPU plus gibberellin；
B. flower and fruit thinning: before blooming, the top of three branches by secondary fringe near carpopodium and fringe is wiped out, and only stays the centre of inflorescence
Part；Fruit thinning is carried out after swollen fruit, and every fringe stays fruit 90, and every plant is stayed fruit 7-8 fringe；
C. bagging: protect times of 2000 times liquid with 50% before bagging and add 20% phenyl ether methyl cyclic and file 2800 times of immersions fruits, bagging immediately after dry.
(6) foliage dressing
Seedling Stage adds 2000 times of liquid of chlorocholine chloride with sea green fertile 1500 times of liquid and sprays whole strain, so that blade face blade back is all squirted, and allows blade
Greening becomes big, and internode shortens, and combines the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and adds 650 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, promote tree when remaining period sprays every time
Body robust growth.
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
For the feature of fruit tree different growing stage morbidity, fruit tree is prevented and treated using different medicines, and adheres in case being
Main, supplemented by treatment principle, particularly as follows:
A. applying organic manure, applies phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium more, controls ammonia fertilizer to apply, promotes robust plant, strengthens resistivity；B. normal
Once, key agents are Bordeaux mixture, maneb cutting edge of a knife or a sword, Fluoxastrobin, to protect times good fortune magnesium double etc. for rule prevention dispenser in every 15 days；
C. downy mildew: because Spring In Southern rainwater is many, high humidity, it should be noted that the preventing and treating of downy mildew, before bagging, protects times good fortune with 50%
The double 1400 times of liquid+2700 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 1900 times of gold Cork liquid+emamectin benzoate of magnesium, pay special attention to squirt blade back；It is in a bad way
When, fill spray again once after 5 days；
D. gray mold: using 800 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 70% thiophanate-methyl；
E. white rot: using 4000 times of liquid complete stool sprays of 20% Difenoconazole；The preventing and treating of other pest and disease damages also will be done well simultaneously.
(8) harvest: Fructus Vitis viniferae was born fruit in early October then, early December plucks.
Method using above three embodiment cultivates summer Black Grape, and statistical result is as follows:
Table 1
Be can be seen that by above-mentioned statistical result and summer Black Grape is planted in south using the cultural method of the present invention, yield is up to
More than 1250kg/ mu, reach as high as 2000kg/ mu, average out to 1580kg/ mu, the yield average out to of existing cultural method
1250kg/ mu, present invention 330kg/ higher than the vintage that existing implantation methods are planted mu, substantially increase the yield of Fructus Vitis viniferae.
Using the Fructus Vitis viniferae of method of the present invention plantation, about 60-80 grain, its average fringe is heavy, average grain weight average for the granule of cluster of grapes
Higher than the Fructus Vitis viniferae that existing method is planted out, the Fructus Vitis viniferae that is, the existing implantation methods of mass ratio produce is high；And the present invention can be real
Now it is colonized then and gets bumper crops then, by regulating and controlling the period of maturation of Fructus Vitis viniferae, accelerate the construction production cycle of Fructus Vitis viniferae, become of the prior art
Field planting Second Year is got bumper crops and is got bumper crops then for being colonized then then, greatly improves economic benefit.
In sum, the cultural method of the present invention can effectively improve Yield and quality and the cycle of Fructus Vitis viniferae, be suitable to promote and answer
With.
The cultural method of the present invention applies also for other Fructus Vitis viniferaes except being applied to summer Black Grape.
These are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention it is clear that those skilled in the art can
So that various changes, modification are carried out without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to the present invention.If these modifications to the present invention
Belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies with modification, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of south grape is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) it is colonized: a. determines plantation density；B. select Seedling: the rugosity of planting stock is in more than 0.5cm；C. proping；
(2) seedling period management: a. applies fertilizer: after young sprout tendril grows, every fertilising in 3 days once, every plant retains a healthy and strong tip,
Remaining is erased；B. tree management culture: whne young sprout length to 55-65cm long when pinch, the healthy and strong summer bud sublateral shoot in two, top of selecting and remain,
Remaining summer bud sublateral shoot is all erased；When second branch grows to 5-6 bud, second branch is evened up to contrary both direction, be strapped in and prop up
On frame, pluck top；Every plant of the summer bud sublateral shoot growing on second branch uniformly stays 8-10 bar, stays 2-4 leaf pinching；Treat that three tips grow again
During young sprout, every plant is only stayed one；
(3) applying fruit trees with fertilizer: annual chemical fertilizer mu consumption is: compound fertilizer's 90-110 jin, calcareous fertilisers 50-70 jin, fertiliser containing magnesium 30-50 jin, boron fertilizer
3-5 jin, potash fertilizer 30-50 jin, urge seed manure 20-30 jin；
(4) prune: fruitful branch stays 8 leaf pinching, and in addition to top tip, remaining sublateral shoot all stays the pinching without offspring of single leaf or erases, up
Young sprout stays 3 leaf pinching, forms the structure of function of tonic chord leaf 8+3+3；
(5) flowers and fruits are processed: a. flower and fruit protecting: young flower sequence carries out garland process with gibberellin when separating, and the flowers are in blossom puts and use chlorine pyrrole when 85%
Urea and gibberellin flower and fruit protecting 7-10 days, carry out Peng fruit when young fruit grows to a diameter of 0.5-1cm with CPPU plus gibberellin；b.
Flower and fruit thinning: before blooming, the top of three branches by secondary fringe near carpopodium and fringe is wiped out, and only stays the mid portion of inflorescence；Dredge
Fruit is carried out after swollen fruit, and every fringe stays fruit 80-100 grain, and every plant is stayed fruit 6-8 fringe；C. bagging: determine fringe and determine timely bagging after grain；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: for the feature of fruit tree different growing stage morbidity, fruit tree is prevented using different medicines
Control.
2. according to claim 1 the cultural method of south grape it is characterised in that in step (1), described plantation density is
Mu plants 300-600 strain.
3. according to claim 1 the cultural method of south grape it is characterised in that in step (2), described tree management training
Support and specifically include following steps:
(2-1) when young sprout length is pinched to 55-65cm length, whole strain, control shoot are sprayed with helping strong element to be watered, under ground portion is applied with dropper
Carbamide adds humic acids nutritional solution, 8-12 days after pinching, upper and lower two healthy and strong summer buds of selecting and remain；
(2-2) when second branch grows to 5-6 bud, second branch is evened up to contrary both direction, be strapped in the ground floor of " v " shape frame
On iron wire, pluck top；With helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control shoot, under ground portion is fertile with full water-soluble high nitrogen type
Material plus the punching of humic acids nutritional solution are applied or are applied with dropper；
(2-3) every plant of the summer bud sublateral shoot growing on second branch uniformly stays 8-10 bar, stays 2-4 leaf pinching, with helping strong element to phosphorate acid
Potassium dihydrogen is watered and sprays whole strain, control shoot, under ground portion full water-soluble equilibrated type fertilizer add amino-acid nutrition liquid punching apply or with
Dropper applies；
(2-4) every plant of the young sprout that three tips grow again only stays one, with helping strong element plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be watered and spray whole strain, control
The tip, under ground portion full water-soluble high phosphorous fertilizer adds amino-acid nutrition liquid punching to be applied or applies with dropper.
4. the cultural method according to claim 1 or south grape described in 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that in step (1), support adopts
Diesis " v " shape frame, and put up before March then.
5. the cultural method according to claim 1 or south grape described in 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that in step (2), described fertilising
It is to adopt the dung polluted water that becomes thoroughly decomposed to add water 2-4 times or the chemical fertilizer based on ammonia pours and applies.
6. the cultural method according to claim 1 or south grape described in 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that in step (5), adopt before bagging
Protect times 2000-3000 times of liquid with 50% and add 20% phenyl ether methyl cyclic 2500-3000 times of liquid of file or 1000-2000 times of immersion of 22% imazalil
Really, bagging immediately after dry.
7. the cultural method according to claim 1 or south grape described in 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that also include foliage dressing step
Rapid: Seedling Stage sprays whole strain with sea green fertilizer 1000-1500 extraordinarily chlorocholine chloride 2000-3000 times, so that blade face blade back is all squirted；Its
Combine the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control during remaining period spray and add 500-700 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
8. the cultural method according to claim 1 or south grape described in 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that in step (6), described disease pest
Evil preventing and treating includes: before bagging, in order to prevent downy mildew to occur, adds golden Cork with the double 1200-1500 times of liquid of 50% guarantor's times good fortune magnesium
1800-2000 times of liquid adds 2500-3000 times of liquid complete stool sprays of emamectin benzoate；When being in a bad way, fill spray again once after 5-7 days；In order to
Prevention gray mold occurs, and with 1000-1200 times of liquid of 22.2% imazalil, or adds 50% guarantor again with 500-600 times of liquid of 50% procymidone
The double 1200-1800 times of liquid of good fortune magnesium；Or sprayed with 600-800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl；Or in order to prevent white rot to send out
Raw, with 8000-10000 times of liquid of 40% bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane, or with 1200-1500 times of liquid of 25% Fluoxastrobin；Or use 20% phenyl ether methyl cyclic
3000-5000 times of liquid of azoles；Also or with 22.2% 1200-1500 times of liquid of imazalil spray.
9. the cultural method according to claim 1 or south grape described in 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that in step (1), described field planting
Date be selected in December of 1 year to 2 months then.
10. according to claim 9 the cultural method of south grape it is characterised in that described Fructus Vitis viniferae is in the 9-10 month then
Bear fruit, the 11-12 month plucks.
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| CN106942008A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-14 | 李朝能 | The cultural method that summer black grape is received for 1 year two |
| CN107295941A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-10-27 | 贾强 | A kind of field planting of grape of taking shelter from rain and cultivation management method |
| CN107667702A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-09 | 无为县雲桃家庭农场 | A kind of fruit retention method of liquor-saturated golden preserved fragrant grape |
| CN107820989A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-23 | 马鞍山市心洲葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for increasing grape fruit-setting rate |
| CN107926405A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-20 | 贵阳学院 | A kind of Synthetical prevention method of Kiwi berry soft rot |
| CN108076952A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-29 | 云南盛耘农业发展有限公司 | A kind of summer black grape is formed a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees cultural method |
| CN108157055A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-15 | 云南盛耘农业发展有限公司 | A kind of summer black grape strengthens the method that fringe strengthens flower bud |
| CN110235688A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-17 | 武汉市仟果园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of summer preserved fragrant grape morning, field planting current year current year high yield |
| CN110679381A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for keeping grape on tree for preservation |
| CN110741869A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州黎源上品农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving fruit setting rate and yield of Bufna |
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| CN106942008A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-14 | 李朝能 | The cultural method that summer black grape is received for 1 year two |
| CN106942008B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2019-08-23 | 李朝能 | Summer black grape 1 year two cultural method received |
| CN107295941A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-10-27 | 贾强 | A kind of field planting of grape of taking shelter from rain and cultivation management method |
| CN107667702A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-09 | 无为县雲桃家庭农场 | A kind of fruit retention method of liquor-saturated golden preserved fragrant grape |
| CN107820989A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-23 | 马鞍山市心洲葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for increasing grape fruit-setting rate |
| CN107926405A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-20 | 贵阳学院 | A kind of Synthetical prevention method of Kiwi berry soft rot |
| CN108157055A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-15 | 云南盛耘农业发展有限公司 | A kind of summer black grape strengthens the method that fringe strengthens flower bud |
| CN108076952A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-29 | 云南盛耘农业发展有限公司 | A kind of summer black grape is formed a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees cultural method |
| CN108157055B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-10-16 | 云南盛耘农业发展有限公司 | Method for strengthening ears and buds of summer black grapes |
| CN110235688A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-17 | 武汉市仟果园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of summer preserved fragrant grape morning, field planting current year current year high yield |
| CN110679381A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for keeping grape on tree for preservation |
| CN110741869A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州黎源上品农业科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving fruit setting rate and yield of Bufna |
| CN113475306A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-08 | 九江市柴桑区农业农村局 | Kyoho cultivation method |
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