CN115777431A - Planting method for improving peach fruit quality and branch control device - Google Patents
Planting method for improving peach fruit quality and branch control device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for improving the quality of peach fruits and a branch control device, belonging to the technical field of crop planting, and comprising a planting device, a shaping device, a flower and fruit management device, a fertilizer and water management device, a comprehensive disease and pest control device, a fruit harvesting device and a branch control device; wherein accuse branch device includes: the fruit tree fixing device comprises a base, wherein a supporting rod is movably connected to the base, a supporting mechanism is arranged on the supporting rod, an adjusting mechanism with an up-and-down moving function of the supporting mechanism is installed on the supporting rod, and branches of fruit trees are effectively fixed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a planting method and a branch control device for improving the quality of peach fruits.
Background
Peach is a deciduous small tree with fruits as fruits, and has a long cultivation history in China, wherein Jiangsu, zhejiang, shandong and the like are cultivated in many places; the peach trees can be cultivated in flat ground, mountain land and sand; and is easy to manage; has the advantages of early fruiting, early high yield, early income and the like; therefore, peach trees are widely cultivated in various provinces.
Most of the existing peach tree cultivation methods are open field cultivation, a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are used in the planting process, the growing period of the fruit trees is short, branches and leaves are dense easily caused by the planting method, the fruit illumination is uneven in the fruiting period, and the yield of peach fruits is low; the problems of inconsistent size, maturity, color and the like of the peach exist, and the taste of the peach is influenced; in the fruit growing period, the water shortage easily causes the fruit to be deformed or cracked; in addition, in the middle and later growth period of fruits, branches, leaves and fruits are more, so that branches are broken, the fruits fall off easily, and losses are caused to fruit growers. Therefore, there is a need to develop a planting method for improving the quality of peach trees to solve the problems of the background art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method for improving the quality of peach fruits and a branch control device, and aims to solve the problems that the peach fruits are low in yield due to the fact that branches and leaves are dense and uneven in illumination easily, the fruits are prone to being deformed or cracked due to water shortage in the fruit generation period, and branches and leaves are more and easy to break.
The invention relates to a planting method and a branch control device for improving the quality of peach fruits, which comprises the steps of cultivation, shaping, flower and fruit management, fertilizer and water management, comprehensive pest control and fruit harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps: A. cultivation:
1) Selecting the land: selecting a land block with deep soil layer, fertile soil, no continuous cropping and convenient irrigation and drainage to build a garden;
2) Soil preparation: during field planting, digging planting holes (ditches) with the depth of 60-80cm and the width of 90-110cm, applying 50-70 kg of animal manure to each hole, mixing the animal manure with surface soil, and backfilling, wherein the backfilled soil is about 10-20cm higher than the hole surface;
3) Seed selection: selecting a variety with excellent comprehensive properties, outstanding excellent properties and no obvious defects, and checking the quality of the nursery stock before planting and whether quarantine insect pests exist;
4) Cultivating: planting peach trees from 12 months in the first winter to 2 months in the next year, wherein the planting density is adapted to the shaping mode, the root system is properly trimmed, the damaged root and the over-dense root are cut off, and the grafting opening is exposed to the ground for 3-8cm; irrigating thoroughly after planting to facilitate survival of the nursery stock;
b. shaping and trimming:
1) Periodically drying the nursery stock at a position of 60-80cm, pinching when a new shoot grows to 35-50cm, selecting and reserving two to four main branches, and pinching the rest for control;
2) Pruning in 3 times from 4-5 months to around 8 months, including removing umbrella, windowing, sparse and dense, in the middle and late 1 st 5 months, in the middle and late 2 nd 7 th months, and in the middle and late 3 rd 8 months to 9 th months;
3) Before the tree sap flows near the sprouting period in winter, pruning without cutting short, multiple thinning and pruning, shortening and lengthening, and reserving annual fruit branches;
4) Fixing the reserved main branches and the branch control device during shaping;
c. flower and fruit management:
1) After pollen is prepared, pollination is carried out by adopting an artificial or mechanical pollination method;
2) Flower and fruit thinning: thinning useless flowers generally from the large flower buds to the full flower stage, wherein the thinning amount is generally one third of the total flower amount; thinning fruits twice, wherein deformed fruits are thinned and removed in about 15-25 days after the flowers are bloomed for the first time, diseased and insect fruits, faced fruits and small fruits are thinned and removed in the fruit sclerosing period for the second time, and the fruit thinning amount is reasonably arranged according to the fruit remaining amount;
3) Fruit bagging, wherein the bagging is completed from the middle and late ten days of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months after fruit thinning and before fruit-eating pests enter the fruit, the insecticidal bactericide is sprayed on the whole garden once before bagging, and the bagging is performed according to the sequence of branches from top to bottom and from inside to outside; d. and (3) fertilizer and water management:
1) Adopting a fertilizer and water management measure of 'promoting before and controlling after' after field planting, namely strengthening the fertilizer and water management from the field planting to the first 7 th month, promoting the growth of the crown to be accelerated, forming a more ideal crown, controlling water and fertilizer in the first 7 th month, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting the seedling to be converted to reproductive growth, promoting the formation of a large number of flower buds, and starting to bear fruits in the 3 rd year;
2) The autumn base fertilizer is applied from late 9 month to middle 10 month, the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and is 2500-3200 kg/mu, irrigation is carried out in combination, the germination fertilizer is additionally applied from the bottom of 2 months to the top 3 month before germination, the flower after fertilizer is additionally applied 1-2 weeks after flower withering, the fruit fertilizer is additionally applied for strengthening fruits in the middle 5 months of hard core period of fruits, quick-acting potassium fertilizer is applied in 15 days before harvest, and the water is irrigated in combination with soil moisture in the equal time period before germination to flower, the hard core period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit tree harvest;
e. and (3) comprehensive pest control:
1) Reasonable layout, avoiding mixed planting with other stone fruit trees;
2) Timely removing diseased tissues and tilted skins to eliminate overwintering places of insect sources and bacteria sources;
3) Reasonably pruning, cutting off insect branches, intensively destroying, timely removing dead branches and fallen leaves, and paying attention to the sanitation of a field;
4) Reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, strengthening the tree body and enhancing the disease and insect resistance;
5) Increasing the plant species of the peach orchard system according to local conditions, and enhancing the control effect on pests;
f. harvesting fruits: the bag is not required to be torn before picking, the fruit bag is picked off during fruit picking, and if the coloring is promoted, the bag can be removed 1 week before picking.
The branch control device comprises a base, wherein a supporting rod is movably connected to the base, a supporting mechanism is arranged on the supporting rod, and an adjusting mechanism with the function of adjusting the supporting mechanism to move up and down is installed on the supporting rod.
Preferably, be equipped with on the base and drip irrigation the mechanism, be equipped with the balancing weight on the base, the balancing weight is located and drips irrigation the mechanism inboard, drip irrigation the mechanism and include retaining chamber, water injection hole and drip hole, be equipped with the retaining chamber in the base, retaining chamber upside is equipped with the water injection hole, retaining chamber bottom surface is equipped with a plurality of drip holes, be equipped with the dust screen in the drip hole.
Preferably, the balancing weight is made of a concrete block, the supporting rod is inserted into the balancing weight, one end of the supporting rod is conical, and one end of the supporting rod penetrates through the balancing weight and is inserted into the ground.
Preferably, the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting frame, a moving block, clamping blocks and a spring band, the moving block is arranged on the supporting rod, the two clamping blocks are connected onto the moving block in a sliding mode, the spring band is fixedly connected between the two clamping blocks, and a rubber waterproof layer is arranged on the surface of the spring band.
Preferably, adjustment mechanism includes spout, spacing hole, slider and lead screw, four spouts have been seted up on the bracing piece, a plurality of spacing holes have been seted up in the spout, sliding connection has the slider in the spout, threaded connection has the lead screw on the slider, lead screw one end swing joint is in spacing hole and interior, support frame fixed connection among the supporting mechanism is on the slider.
Preferably, adjustment mechanism can also include spacing ring, clamp, connecting block, snap ring and threaded rod, be equipped with a plurality of spacing rings on the bracing piece, swing joint has two clamps on the bracing piece, two clamp one end is passed through the connecting block and is rotated the connection, two the clamp is located the spacing ring outside, two one of them clamp one end is rotated and is connected with the snap ring, threaded connection has the threaded rod on the snap ring, threaded rod one end is equipped with the turning block, support frame fixed connection among the supporting mechanism is on one of them clamp.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the base is provided with a plurality of protruding thorns, and the surfaces of the protruding thorns are provided with anticorrosive coatings.
Advantageous effects
1. By adopting scientific and reasonable management measures in the aspects of cultivation, shaping, flower and fruit management, fertilizer and water management, comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests and fruit harvesting, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced; the uniform illumination is realized by reasonably controlling the branches and leaves, so that the yield of the peach fruits is improved, the sizes, the maturity and the color of the fruits are consistent, the mouthfeel of the peach fruits is improved, and the fruit quality is ensured.
2. The drip irrigation mechanism in the equipment can effectively carry out drip irrigation in the fruit growing period, thereby ensuring the growth of the fruit and reducing the malformation or cracking of the fruit; in addition, the water storage cavity in the irrigation mechanism can store a large amount of liquid, so that the weight of the base is increased, and then the branches and the trunk are prevented from being inclined and broken in the growth process.
3. Supporting mechanism in the equipment can mutually support, make the branch when growing up, can grow according to supporting mechanism's angle, cooperation through movable block and spring band in the supporting mechanism makes the branch need not repeated fixed, can accomplish and grow, adjustment mechanism in the equipment when adjusting supporting mechanism, can make more simple of supporting mechanism when adjusting, and is diversified, the structure in the equipment is simpler, and the practicality is stronger, has further avoided the branch and leaf fruit more to lead to the branch rupture fruit to drop easily, causes the loss for the fruit grower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the upper side view structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first partial front side view structure diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial front side view angle structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial left-side view structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a drip irrigation mechanism; 3. a water storage cavity; 4. a water injection hole; 5. a water dripping hole; 6. a balancing weight; 7. a support bar; 8. a support mechanism; 9. a support frame; 10. a moving block; 11. a clamping block; 12. a spring band; 13. an adjustment mechanism; 14. a chute; 15. a limiting hole; 16. a slider; 17. a screw rod; 18. a limiting ring; 19. clamping a hoop; 20. connecting blocks; 21. a snap ring; 22. a threaded rod; 23. and (6) bur.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments.
Example 1
A planting method and a branch control device for improving the quality of peach fruits comprise the steps of cultivation, shaping, flower and fruit management, fertilizer and water management, comprehensive pest and disease control and fruit harvesting, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. and (3) cultivation:
1) Selecting the land: selecting a land block with deep soil layer, fertile soil, no continuous cropping and convenient irrigation and drainage to build a garden;
2) Soil preparation: during field planting, digging planting holes (ditches) with the depth of 60-80cm and the width of 100cm, applying 50-70 kg of stable manure in each hole, mixing the stable manure with surface soil, and backfilling, wherein the backfilled soil is about 15cm higher than the hole surface;
3) Selecting seeds: selecting varieties with excellent comprehensive properties, outstanding excellent properties and no obvious defects, checking the quality of seedlings before planting and checking whether quarantine insect pests exist;
4) Cultivating: planting peach trees from 12 months in the first winter to 2 months in the next year, wherein the planting density is adapted to the shaping mode, the root system is properly trimmed, the damaged roots and the over-dense roots are cut off, and the grafting opening is exposed to the ground for 5cm; irrigating thoroughly after planting to facilitate survival of the nursery stock;
b. shaping and trimming:
1) Periodically drying the nursery stock at a position of 60-80cm, pinching when a new shoot grows to 40cm, selecting and reserving two to four main branches, and pinching the rest for control;
2) The pruning in the growing season is preferably carried out from 4-5 months to around 8 months, and the pruning is carried out for 3 times, including 'removing umbrella, opening window and density', in the middle and last ten days of 5 months for the 1 st time, in the middle and last ten days of 7 months for the 2 nd time, and in the middle and last ten days of 8 months to 9 months for the 3 rd time;
3) Before the tree sap flows near the sprouting period in winter, pruning for no short section, multiple thinning scissors, reducing scissors for growing, and reserving annual fruit branches;
4) Fixing the reserved main branches and the branch control device during shaping;
c. flower and fruit management:
1) After pollen preparation, pollination is carried out by adopting a manual or mechanical pollination method;
2) Flower and fruit thinning: thinning useless flowers generally from the large flower buds to the full flower stage, wherein the thinning amount is generally one third of the total flower amount; thinning fruits for two times, wherein deformed fruits and the like are thinned and removed for the first time after 20 days of flowering, diseased and insect fruits, faced fruits, small fruits and the like are thinned and removed for the second time in the fruit sclerosing period, and the fruit thinning amount is reasonably arranged according to the fruit remaining amount;
3) Covering bags on fruits, wherein after thinning fruits and before the fruit-eating pests enter the fruits, namely, the fruits are covered from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months, the insecticidal and bactericidal agent is sprayed on the whole garden once before covering bags, and the covering bags are carried out according to the sequence that branches are from top to bottom and from inside to outside; d. and (3) fertilizer and water management:
1) Adopting a fertilizer and water management measure of 'promoting before and controlling after' after field planting, namely strengthening the fertilizer and water management from the field planting to the first 7 th month, promoting the growth of the crown to be accelerated, forming a more ideal crown, controlling water and fertilizer in the first 7 th month, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting the seedling to be converted to reproductive growth, promoting the formation of a large number of flower buds, and starting to bear fruits in the 3 rd year;
2) Applying a base fertilizer in autumn from late 9 month to middle 10 month, wherein the fertilizer mainly comprises an organic fertilizer, generally 3000 kg/mu, and combining irrigation, applying a germination fertilizer before germination (from the bottom of 2 months to the top of 3 months), applying a flower after-fertilizer 1-2 weeks after flower withering, applying a fruit fertilizer during a fruit hard-core period (in middle 5 month), applying a quick-acting potassium fertilizer before harvesting for 15 days, and irrigating the peach tree with soil moisture in the periods before germination to flower, during the hard-core period, during the fruit expanding period and after harvesting of the fruit tree;
e. and (3) comprehensive pest control:
1) Reasonable layout, avoiding mixed planting with other stone fruit trees;
2) Timely removing diseased tissues and upwarping skin to eliminate overwintering places of insect sources and bacteria sources;
3) Reasonably pruning, cutting off insect branches, intensively destroying, timely removing dry branches and fallen leaves, and paying attention to the sanitation of a field;
4) Reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, strengthening the tree body and enhancing the disease and insect resistance;
5) Increasing the plant species of the peach orchard system according to local conditions, and enhancing the control effect on pests;
f. harvesting fruits: the bag does not need to be torn before picking, the fruit bag is picked together when picking the fruit, and the bag can be removed about 1 week before picking if the coloring is promoted.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the branch control device of the present invention comprises a base 1, a support rod 7 movably connected to the base 1, a support mechanism 8 disposed on the support rod 7, and an adjusting mechanism 13 mounted on the support rod 7 and having a function of adjusting the support mechanism 8 to move up and down.
The drip irrigation device comprises a base 1, a drip irrigation mechanism 2, a balancing weight 6, a water storage cavity 3, water injection holes 4 and water dripping holes 5, wherein the base 1 is provided with the drip irrigation mechanism 2, the balancing weight 6 is positioned on the inner side of the drip irrigation mechanism 2, the drip irrigation mechanism 2 comprises the water storage cavity 3, the water storage cavity 4 and the water dripping holes 5, the water storage cavity 3 is arranged in the base 1, the water injection holes 4 are arranged on the upper side of the water storage cavity 3, the bottom surface of the water storage cavity 3 is provided with the water dripping holes 5, and a dust screen is arranged in the water dripping holes 5; is convenient for drip irrigation while fixing the peach trees.
Wherein, the balancing weight 6 is made of concrete block, the support rod 7 is inserted on the balancing weight 6, one end of the support rod 7 is conical, and one end of the support rod 7 passes through the balancing weight 6 and is inserted into the ground; the stability of the support rod 7 is further improved.
The supporting mechanism 8 comprises a supporting frame 9, a moving block 10, clamping blocks 11 and a spring belt 12, the moving block 10 is arranged on the supporting rod 7, the two clamping blocks 11 are connected onto the moving block 10 in a sliding mode, the spring belt 12 is fixedly connected between the two clamping blocks 11, and a rubber waterproof layer is arranged on the surface of the spring belt 12; the fixing of the branches is facilitated, and therefore the stability of the branches is guaranteed.
The adjusting mechanism 13 comprises a chute 14, a limiting hole 15, a sliding block 16 and a screw rod 17, four chutes 14 are formed in the support rod 7, a plurality of limiting holes 15 are formed in the chutes 14, the sliding block 16 is connected in the chute 14 in a sliding manner, the screw rod 17 is connected to the sliding block 16 in a threaded manner, one end of the screw rod 17 is movably connected to the limiting hole 15 and the inside, and the support frame 9 in the support mechanism 8 is fixedly connected to the sliding block 16; the height of the supporting mechanism 8 can be adjusted conveniently, so that the supporting mechanism can adapt to different branch heights.
Wherein, the bottom surface of the base 1 is provided with a plurality of spurs 23, and the surface of the spurs 23 is provided with an anticorrosive coating; the stability of the equipment is improved.
Peach is when planting the peach seedling and is located base 1 inboard, pour into liquid in to drip irrigation mechanism 2 this moment, thereby make drip irrigation 5 in the mechanism 2 of driping irrigation drip irrigation to the sapling, thereby guarantee the growth of sapling, when the sapling grows to certain year, the branch of sapling grows out this moment, peg graft on balancing weight 6 with bracing piece 7 afterwards, people's adjustable slider 16 position, make slider 16 drive supporting mechanism 8 and remove, thereby make supporting mechanism 8 change according to the position of sapling, when slider 16 removes to suitable position, lead screw 17 rotates this moment, make lead screw 17 move on slider 16, when lead screw 17 removes to suitable position, lead screw 17 swing joint is in spacing hole 15, thereby fix slider 16, fix spring zone 12 on the branch this moment, simultaneously with spring zone 12 joint on movable block 10, thereby make branch and supporting mechanism 8 form an organic whole, when the branch is in the in-process of growing up, movable block 10 moves according to the growth direction of branch, thereby the growth direction of guarantee.
Example 2
A planting method and a branch control device for improving the quality of peach fruits comprise the steps of cultivation, shaping, flower and fruit management, fertilizer and water management, comprehensive pest and disease control and fruit harvesting, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. and (3) cultivation:
1) Selecting land: selecting a land block with deep soil layer, fertile soil, no continuous cropping and convenient irrigation and drainage to build a garden;
2) Land preparation: during field planting, digging planting holes (ditches) with the depth of 60-80cm and the width of 100cm, applying 50-70 kg of stable manure in each hole, mixing the stable manure with surface soil, and backfilling, wherein the backfilled soil is about 15cm higher than the hole surface;
3) Seed selection: selecting a variety with excellent comprehensive properties, outstanding excellent properties and no obvious defects, and checking the quality of the nursery stock before planting and whether quarantine insect pests exist;
4) Cultivating: planting peach trees from 12 months in the first winter to 2 months in the next year, wherein the planting density is adapted to the shaping mode, the root system is properly trimmed, the damaged roots and the over-dense roots are cut off, and the grafting opening is exposed to the ground for 5cm; irrigating thoroughly after planting to facilitate survival of the nursery stock;
b. shaping and trimming:
1) Periodically drying the nursery stock at a position of 60-80cm, pinching when a new shoot grows to 40cm, selecting and reserving two to four main branches, and pinching the rest for control;
2) The pruning in the growing season is preferably carried out from 4-5 months to around 8 months, and the pruning is carried out for 3 times, including 'removing umbrella, opening window and density', in the middle and last ten days of 5 months for the 1 st time, in the middle and last ten days of 7 months for the 2 nd time, and in the middle and last ten days of 8 months to 9 months for the 3 rd time;
3) Before the tree sap flows near the sprouting period in winter, pruning without cutting short, multiple thinning and pruning, shortening and lengthening, and reserving annual fruit branches;
4) Fixing the reserved main branches and the branch control device during shaping;
c. flower and fruit management:
1) After pollen is prepared, pollination is carried out by adopting an artificial or mechanical pollination method;
2) Flower and fruit thinning: thinning useless flowers generally from the large flower buds to the full flower stage, wherein the thinning amount is generally one third of the total flower amount; thinning fruits for two times, wherein the fruits with abnormal shape and the like are thinned after 20 days of blossom for the first time, the fruits with diseases and pests, the fruits with Chinese character of Zhaodan, the small fruits and the like are thinned in the fruit sclerotization period for the second time, and the fruit thinning amount is reasonably arranged according to the fruit remaining amount;
3) Covering bags on fruits, wherein after thinning fruits and before the fruit-eating pests enter the fruits, namely, the fruits are covered from the middle and the last ten days of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months, the insecticidal and bactericidal agent is sprayed on the whole garden once before covering bags, and the covering bags are carried out according to the sequence that branches are from top to bottom and from inside to outside; d. and (3) fertilizer and water management:
1) Adopting a fertilizer and water management measure of 'promoting before and controlling after' after field planting, namely strengthening the fertilizer and water management from the field planting to the first 7 th month, promoting the growth of the crown to be accelerated, forming a more ideal crown, controlling water and fertilizer in the first 7 th month, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting the seedling to be converted to reproductive growth, promoting the formation of a large number of flower buds, and starting to bear fruits in the 3 rd year;
2) Applying a base fertilizer in autumn from late 9 month to middle 10 month, wherein the fertilizer mainly comprises an organic fertilizer, generally 3000 kg/mu, and combining irrigation, applying a germination fertilizer before germination (from the bottom of 2 months to the top of 3 months), applying a flower after-fertilizer 1-2 weeks after flower withering, applying a fruit fertilizer during a fruit hard-core period (in middle 5 month), applying a quick-acting potassium fertilizer before harvesting for 15 days, and irrigating the peach tree with soil moisture in the periods before germination to flower, during the hard-core period, during the fruit expanding period and after harvesting of the fruit tree;
e. comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and insect pests:
1) Reasonable layout, avoiding mixed planting with other stone fruit trees;
2) Timely removing diseased tissues and upwarping skin to eliminate overwintering places of insect sources and bacteria sources;
3) Reasonably pruning, cutting off insect branches, intensively destroying, timely removing dry branches and fallen leaves, and paying attention to the sanitation of a field;
4) Reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, strengthening the tree body and enhancing the disease and insect resistance;
5) Increasing the plant species of the peach orchard system according to local conditions, and enhancing the control effect on pests; f. harvesting fruits: the bag is not required to be torn before picking, the fruit bag is picked off during fruit picking, and if coloring is promoted, the bag can be removed about 1 week before picking.
Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the branch control device of the present invention comprises a base 1, a support rod 7 movably connected to the base 1, a support mechanism 8 disposed on the support rod 7, and an adjusting mechanism 13 mounted on the support rod 7 and having a function of adjusting the support mechanism 8 to move up and down.
The drip irrigation device comprises a base 1, a drip irrigation mechanism 2, a balancing weight 6, a water storage cavity 3, water injection holes 4 and water dripping holes 5, wherein the base 1 is provided with the drip irrigation mechanism 2, the balancing weight 6 is positioned on the inner side of the drip irrigation mechanism 2, the drip irrigation mechanism 2 comprises the water storage cavity 3, the water storage cavity 4 and the water dripping holes 5, the water storage cavity 3 is arranged in the base 1, the water injection holes 4 are arranged on the upper side of the water storage cavity 3, the bottom surface of the water storage cavity 3 is provided with the water dripping holes 5, and a dust screen is arranged in the water dripping holes 5; is convenient for drip irrigation while fixing the peach trees.
Wherein, the counterweight block 6 is made of concrete, the support rod 7 is inserted on the counterweight block 6, one end of the support rod 7 is conical, and one end of the support rod 7 penetrates through the counterweight block 6 and is inserted into the ground; the stability of the support rod 7 is further improved.
The supporting mechanism 8 comprises a supporting frame 9, a moving block 10, clamping blocks 11 and a spring belt 12, the moving block 10 is arranged on the supporting rod 7, the two clamping blocks 11 are connected to the moving block 10 in a sliding mode, the spring belt 12 is fixedly connected between the two clamping blocks 11, and a rubber waterproof layer is arranged on the surface of the spring belt 12; the fixing of the branches is facilitated, and therefore the stability of the branches is guaranteed.
When a tree branch grows out, people can rotate the threaded rod 22 to enable the threaded rod 22 to move on the clamping ring 21, when the threaded rod 22 moves on the clamping ring 21, the two clamps 19 are far away from each other and are not subjected to extrusion force of the threaded rod 22, the clamping ring 21 can be rotated, the clamping ring 21 is further far away from one of the clamps 19, when the two clamps 19 are not subjected to clamping force of the clamping ring 21, the two clamps 19 are rotated to be far away, the clamps 19 can be moved at the moment, the clamps 19 are moved to proper positions and are matched with the height of the tree branch, when the clamps 19 are moved to the tree branch position, the steps are operated in a reverse direction, the clamps 19 can be fixed again, and then the tree branch is fixed;
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above embodiments may fall within the scope of the appended claims within the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method for improving the quality of peach fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of cultivation, shaping and trimming, flower and fruit management, fertilizer and water management, comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention and control, and fruit harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) cultivation:
1) Selecting the land: selecting a land block with deep soil layer, fertile soil, no continuous cropping and convenient irrigation and drainage to build a garden;
2) Soil preparation: digging a planting ditch during planting;
3) Seed selection: selecting a variety with excellent comprehensive properties, outstanding excellent properties and no obvious defects, and checking the quality of the nursery stock before planting and whether quarantine insect pests exist;
4) Cultivating: planting peach trees from 12 months in the first winter to 2 months in the next year, wherein the planting density is adapted to the shaping mode, the root system is properly trimmed, the damaged root and the over-dense root are cut off, and the grafting opening is exposed to the ground for 3-8cm; irrigating thoroughly after planting to facilitate survival of the nursery stock;
B. shaping and trimming:
1) Trunk is fixed at 60-80cm of nursery stock, pinching is carried out when the young sprout grows for 35-50cm, two to four main branches are selected and reserved, and pinching control is carried out on the rest branches;
2) Pruning in growing season;
3) Before the tree sap flows near the sprouting period in winter, pruning for no short section, multiple thinning scissors, reducing scissors for growing, and reserving annual fruit branches;
4) Fixing the reserved main branches and the branch control device during shaping;
C. flower and fruit management:
1) After pollen preparation, pollination is carried out by adopting a manual or mechanical pollination method;
2) Flower and fruit thinning: thinning useless flowers generally from the large buds to the full flower stage, wherein the thinning amount is generally one third of the total flower amount; thinning fruits twice, wherein deformed fruits are thinned and removed in about 15-25 days after the flowers are bloomed for the first time, diseased and insect fruits, faced fruits and small fruits are thinned and removed in the fruit sclerosing period for the second time, and the fruit thinning amount is reasonably arranged according to the fruit remaining amount;
3) Fruit bagging, wherein the bagging is completed from the middle and late ten days of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months after fruit thinning and before fruit-eating pests enter the fruit, the insecticidal bactericide is sprayed on the whole garden once before bagging, and the bagging is performed according to the sequence of branches from top to bottom and from inside to outside; C. and (3) fertilizer and water management:
1) Adopting a fertilizer and water management measure of 'promoting before and controlling after' after field planting, namely strengthening fertilizer and water management from field planting to 7 last month, promoting the growth of the crown to be accelerated, forming a more ideal crown, controlling water and fertilizer in 7 last month, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting the seedling to be converted to reproductive growth, promoting the formation of a large number of flower buds, and starting to bear fruits in 3 rd year;
2) The autumn base fertilizer is applied from late 9 months to middle 10 months, the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and is 2500-3200 kg/mu, irrigation is combined, the germination fertilizer is applied from the bottom of 2 months to the upper ten days of 3 months before germination, the fertilizer after flower application is applied from 1-2 weeks after flower withering, the fertilizer for strengthening fruit is applied from middle 5 months of hard core of fruit, the quick-acting potassium fertilizer is applied 15 days before harvest, and the water is irrigated by combining soil moisture in the equal time periods before germination to flower, hard core, fruit expansion and fruit harvest;
E. and (3) comprehensive pest control:
1) Reasonable layout, avoiding mixed planting with other stone fruit trees;
2) Timely removing diseased tissues and upwarping skin to eliminate overwintering places of insect sources and bacteria sources;
3) Reasonably pruning, cutting off insect branches, intensively destroying, timely removing dead branches and fallen leaves, and paying attention to the sanitation of a field;
4) Reasonably fertilizing and irrigating, strengthening the tree body and enhancing the disease and insect resistance;
5) Increasing the plant species of the peach orchard system according to local conditions, and enhancing the control effect on pests;
F. harvesting fruits: the bag does not need to be torn before picking, the fruit bag is picked together when picking the fruit, and the bag can be taken off 1 week before picking if the coloring is promoted.
2. The planting method for improving the quality of the peach fruits according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the depth of the planting furrows is 60-80cm, the width is 90-110cm, 50-70 kg of animal manure is applied to each hole, the animal manure is mixed with surface soil and then backfilled, and the backfilled soil is about 10-20cm higher than the hole surface.
3. The planting method for improving the quality of the peach fruits according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: pruning in the growing season from 4-5 months to around 8 months, and pruning for 3 times, including 'removing umbrella, opening window, sparse and dense', in the middle and late of month 5 1, in the middle and late of month 7 2, and in the middle and late of month 8 to 9, 3 times.
4. The utility model provides a accuse branch device for peach is planted, accuse branch device includes base (1) and bracing piece (7), its characterized in that: the adjustable support is characterized in that a support rod (7) is movably connected to the base (1), a support mechanism (8) is arranged on the support rod (7), and an adjusting mechanism (13) with an up-and-down moving function for adjusting the support mechanism (8) is installed on the support rod (7).
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: be equipped with on base (1) and drip irrigation mechanism (2), be equipped with balancing weight (6) on base (1), balancing weight (6) are located and drip irrigation mechanism (2) inboard, drip irrigation mechanism (2) including retaining chamber (3), water injection hole (4) and drip hole (5), be equipped with retaining chamber (3) in base (1), retaining chamber (3) upside is equipped with water injection hole (4), retaining chamber (3) bottom surface is equipped with a plurality of drip hole (5), be equipped with the dust screen in drip hole (5).
6. The branch control device according to claim 4, wherein: the concrete block is used as the balancing weight (6), the supporting rod (7) is inserted into the balancing weight (6), one end of the supporting rod (7) is conical, and one end of the supporting rod (7) penetrates through the balancing weight (6) and is inserted into the ground.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the supporting mechanism (8) comprises a supporting frame (9), a moving block (10), clamping blocks (11) and spring belts (12), the moving block (10) is arranged on the supporting rod (7), the two clamping blocks (11) are connected to the moving block (10) in a sliding mode, the spring belts (12) are fixedly connected between the two clamping blocks (11), and a rubber waterproof layer is arranged on the surfaces of the spring belts (12).
8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein: the adjusting mechanism (13) comprises sliding grooves (14), limiting holes (15), a sliding block (16) and a screw rod (17), wherein four sliding grooves (14) are formed in the supporting rod (7), a plurality of limiting holes (15) are formed in the sliding grooves (14), the sliding block (16) is connected in the sliding grooves (14), the screw rod (17) is connected to the sliding block (16) in a threaded mode, one end of the screw rod (17) is movably connected to the limiting holes and the limiting holes (15), and the supporting frame (9) in the supporting mechanism (8) is fixedly connected to the sliding block (16).
9. The branch control device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein: adjustment mechanism (13) are including spacing ring (18), clamp (19), connecting block (20), snap ring (21) and threaded rod (22), be equipped with a plurality of spacing rings (18) on bracing piece (7), two swing joint have two clamp (19) on bracing piece (7), two clamp (19) one end is passed through connecting block (20) and is rotated the connection, two clamp (19) are located the spacing ring (18) outside, one of them clamp (19) one end is rotated and is connected with snap ring (21), threaded connection has threaded rod (22) on snap ring (21), threaded rod (22) one end is equipped with the turning block, support frame (9) fixed connection in supporting mechanism (8) is on one of them clamp (19).
10. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the base (1) bottom surface is equipped with a plurality of spurs (23), spurs (23) surface is equipped with the anticorrosive coating.
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