CN113079748B - Chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and planting method thereof - Google Patents
Chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and planting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113079748B CN113079748B CN202110355115.2A CN202110355115A CN113079748B CN 113079748 B CN113079748 B CN 113079748B CN 202110355115 A CN202110355115 A CN 202110355115A CN 113079748 B CN113079748 B CN 113079748B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/02—Hand tools for making holes for sowing, planting or manuring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of chrysanthemum planting, and discloses a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and a planting method thereof, the chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device comprises a supporting plate, the back surface of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with two connecting rods, the top of each connecting rod is fixedly connected with a control handle, and a chute is formed in the supporting plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chrysanthemum planting, in particular to a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching method.
Background
Chrysanthemum is perennial root herb of Compositae and Chrysanthemum in plant taxonomy, and is divided into cultivation types of multi-head chrysanthemum, duben chrysanthemum, dali chrysanthemum, cliff chrysanthemum, yiju chrysanthemum, case chrysanthemum and the like according to cultivation forms; the flower petals are divided into cultivation types such as round holding, unbinding, anti-holding, disordered holding, open holding, flying holding and the like according to the appearance forms of the flower petals, the chrysanthemum in different types is named as various variety names, the chrysanthemum is three of ten flowers in China, one of four monarchs (merkania), one of four flowers in the flower (chrysanthemum, china rose, carnation and gladiolus) in the world, the yield is the first, and the chrysanthemum has a lattice of cold and snow clearing, so that the chrysanthemum has a 'under the hedgerow of the chrysanthemum' of Tao Yuanming, is a famous sentence of the natural mountain, and Chinese has a custom of the heavy-sun festival chrysanthemum and the drunk chrysanthemum wine. Tangmeng Hao "over hometown people zhuang: "when the sun arrives, the chrysanthemum is still coming. "Chrysanthemum is also given the meaning of luckiness and longevity in the ancient myth. The chrysanthemum is a rare ornamental flower cultivated by long-term artificial selection, the ornamental chrysanthemum is transmitted from China to Japan around the eighth century, the Netherlands businessman at the last leaf of the 17 th century introduces the Chinese chrysanthemum into Europe, the 18 th century is transmitted into France, the 19 th century is introduced into North America, and the Chinese chrysanthemum is distributed worldwide.
At present, chrysanthemum planting is a traditional agricultural project, however, the defects of the conventional planting technology in many aspects are increasingly shown, the space utilization rate is low, the ventilation and air permeability and the water and fertilizer retention performance are poor, the soil humidity is not easy to control, so that the yield cannot be effectively improved, meanwhile, the structure of the conventional punching device is fixed, the clamping hole spacing cannot be adjusted according to the planting requirement, and the use is inconvenient, so that the chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and the planting method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
(One) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and the planting method thereof, which have the advantages of high planting yield, adjustable punching spacing and the like, solve the defects of the conventional planting technology in various aspects, have increasingly developed the problems of low space utilization rate, poor ventilation and air permeability, poor water and fertilizer retention, difficult control of soil humidity, incapability of effectively improving the yield, fixed structure of the conventional punching device, incapability of adjusting the clamping hole spacing according to planting requirements and relatively inconvenient use.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purposes of high planting yield and adjustment of punching spacing, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a chrysanthemum arc high yield perforating device, includes the backup pad, the back fixedly connected with of backup pad is two connecting rods, the top fixedly connected with control handle of connecting rod, the spout has been seted up to the inside of backup pad, the through groove that is located both sides about the spout has all been seted up to the top and the bottom of backup pad, the inside movable mounting of spout has the slider, the inserted bar that extends to the backup pad bottom of the bottom fixedly connected with of slider, the screw hole has been seted up at the top of slider, the internal thread connection of screw hole has the rotary rod that extends to the backup pad top, the outside fixedly connected with of rotary rod is located the spacing piece at the backup pad top, the bottom fixedly connected with suit of spacing piece is at the outside contact pad of rotary rod, the top fixedly connected with rotary handle of rotary rod.
Preferably, the two connecting rods are inclined toward opposite sides, and the control handle has a length smaller than that of the support plate.
Preferably, the diameter of the insert rod is smaller than the width of the through groove at the bottom, and the insert rod extends to the bottom of the support plate through the through groove.
Preferably, the rotating rod has a diameter smaller than the width of the penetrating groove at the top, and the rotating rod extends to the top of the supporting plate through the penetrating groove.
Preferably, the diameter of the limiting piece and the contact pad is larger than the width of the penetrating groove at the top, the contact pad is movably connected with the top of the supporting plate, and the contact pad is a rubber pad.
Preferably, the outside of rotary rod is offered and is had the screw thread groove with screw hole looks adaptation, and rotary rod passes through screw thread groove and screw hole threaded connection.
The invention provides a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield planting method, which comprises the following steps of:
1) Propagating, namely taking plant division and plug propagation as columns, and if necessary, raising seedlings by cutting;
2) Transplanting, soil preparation, namely ploughing 20 to 25 cm of soil before chrysanthemum transplanting, applying 2000 to 2500 kg of compost or decomposed stable manure or 75 kg of cake manure to each mu of soil preparation, adding 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O 5-K20-16-15) as a base fertilizer, mixing 1500g of imidacloprid particles containing 2 percent (used for killing underground insects), thinning and leveling soil, and then using an open soil ridge stacking machine with unmanned equipment (equipment capable of controlling machinery to ensure that the soil keeps a straight walking state through satellite positioning) to open soil and make ridges (the middle of the ridge is provided with a small piece of Gao which is overlapped) in a manner that the ridge is arranged in a small-ridge-laying manner, wherein the surface size of the chrysanthemum planted in spring is suitable under the following conditions, the width of the ridge-laying side can be determined according to the soil force difference, the large size can be selected, the main control of seedling deep planting, sufficient water and compaction can be carried out by using a left-side planting device, and the soil can be compacted by 8 cm of deep planting hole, and the soil can be compacted by using a left-side hole and right hole punching device;
3) After field management, intertillage weeding and chrysanthemum transplanting survival, 2 to 3 leaves of grassy weeds are sealed by 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate and 72% metolachlor, when new branches of the chrysanthemum which are turned around before transplanting grow to more than 15 cm, root-accumulating hilling is carried out by combining weeding, namely, a part of soil on a stacked ridge is accumulated on the chrysanthemum, so that the segmented points of the new branches of the chrysanthemum are cultivated with the soil of more than 5 cm, then the head is started, when the new branches of the chrysanthemum after the head is made to grow to about 10 cm, secondary hilling is carried out by combining weeding, the soil is further deepened and widened by using an unmanned machine after hilling, the soil is cultivated under the chrysanthemum, the stacked ridge is changed into a small shallow trench in the middle of two rows of the chrysanthemum, the high small trench is in line with the laying requirements of a water-fertilizer integrated facility (drip irrigation), and the chrysanthemum has very small work amount in the aspects of water-retaining fertilizer retention, lodging resistance, root-reinforcing and the like; the method comprises the steps of topdressing, dressing the chrysanthemum, adding base fertilizer, applying multiple topdressing in the growth period, applying 20 dilute human and animal manure per mu or 10 kg urea per mu before the first time of hilling after the chrysanthemum is transplanted, applying 30 dilute human and animal manure per mu or 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O 5-K20-16-15) before the second time of hilling, immediately hilling after the fertilization, and paving a water fertilizer matching facility (drip irrigation) in the middle of a narrow row after the second time of hilling, wherein all fertilization is completed by drip irrigation after the drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is based on a principle of a small number of times, so that the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, fertilizer damage can be avoided, manpower can be saved, adverse factors such as drought weather can be overcome, the chrysanthemum buds begin to differentiate after the eighth time, the important period for forming the yield of the chrysanthemum can be realized, and the chrysanthemum can be always in a sufficient fertilizer state before the eighth time; the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out first-time rooting after first earthing up, carrying out first-time heading after planting, and carrying out heading in three times, wherein the important links of arc planting are that the head is used for multi-branching, the more branches are, the higher the yield of flower buds and flowers is, and the head is used for sprouting axillary buds before the chrysanthemum is transplanted, and the more newly-grown axillary buds grow into new branches with the length of more than 15 cm usually after the chrysanthemum is transplanted for 15 days; the chrysanthemum heads which are close to the two sides of the soil moisture ditch and slightly higher than the heads of the previous time are removed, so that arc-shaped middle branches are formed; the top chrysanthemum heads grow high for a few days, the heads are cut off to form upper branches of the arc-shaped chrysanthemum, when new axillary buds of the upper branches grow to more than 10 cm, the second batch of heads are cut off from top to bottom, when new axillary buds grow to more than 10 cm after the second batch of heads are cut off, the third time of heads are cut off after planting, the arc is basically formed after the heads are cut off from top to bottom, at the moment, if the tender head density in the arc reaches to be very full, the chrysanthemum is controlled to grow up in time, paclobutrazol or prohormone calcium can be used for spraying, if the tender head density is smaller, the heads are cut off again, and the chrysanthemum is cut off after entering the bud;
4) Pest control, namely, adopting a corresponding prevention and quality method for pests such as chrysanthemum downy mildew, chrysanthemum brown spot, chrysanthemum virus diseases, chrysanthemum aphids, plant hoppers, thrips and other pests and chewing pests such as chrysanthemum longicorn;
5) The secondary flowering of Beijing chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum is an early maturing variety, and can be carried out in areas with late frost fall, and the specific method is that before and after chrysanthemum harvesting is finished, drip irrigation and fertilization can be utilized to keep the chrysanthemum in a sufficient fertilizer state, tips after chrysanthemum harvesting are immediately knocked out, usually 8-12 cm, axillary buds are germinated on lower chrysanthemum branches, the axillary buds grow into new branches gradually (at the moment, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required to be applied by drip irrigation, usually 30-40 kg per mu, the axillary buds keep the sufficient fertilizer state), the new branches are flowering again, tubular flowers (stamens) of the chrysanthemum flowers are fewer at the moment, the tongue flowers (petals) are more, the secondary flowering is usually about 40-50% of the first flowering yield, and the planting benefit of the chrysanthemum can be increased.
Preferably, after chrysanthemum is picked at the bottom of 11 months in a separated mode, chrysanthemum stems are cut off in parallel, in spring of the second year, in spring of the last five months, chrysanthemum seedlings are shoveled up, fibrous roots are carried slightly, thick and disease-free chrysanthemum seedlings are selected, tender heads are cut off, planting is carried out according to a specified plant row spacing, soil is covered after planting, compaction is carried out, and watering is carried out in time, plug propagation can be directly purchased to a seedling raising enterprise, cutting seedlings are clear to the top of the summer, the tender heads which are full, strong and free of diseases are selected as cuttings, the tender heads are usually kept at 5 to 8 cm, lower leaves are removed, 3 to 4 top tender leaves are reserved, 50 g of active root-promoting agent is used for each ten thousands of cutting slips, 50 g of multi-fungus flexible liquid is added, 1500-3000 ppm of indoleacetic acid is dipped rapidly, dipping is carried out along with cutting, a seedling bed is preferably selected to be close to a water source, soil or a garden with high land fertility is good, cutting seedlings are cut into the soil with a width of 170 cm to about 6 cm, the soil is preferably kept at a cutting seedling width of about 3cm to about 7 cm, the seedling width is kept at a water-7 cm, cutting seedling width is kept at 2/7 days, cutting seedling width is kept at 2 days, after cutting seedling width is cut at 2 days, and water is kept at 2 cm, and water is cut at 2 days, and 20 days are cut at a root days, and 20 days are worth, and after cutting seedling cutting is cut is waterstop, and after cutting is cut.
Preferably, the control of the chrysanthemum downy mildew: the method comprises the steps of (1) selecting disease-resistant varieties, (2) enhancing water and fertilizer management, preventing water accumulation and moisture retention, (3) dipping roots with carbendazim or pentachloronitrobenzene during transplanting, (4) discovering that a disease plant is pulled out in time in spring, intensively burying or burning down, (5) selecting 25% pyraclostrobin or 25% azoxystrobin for field spraying on sunny days when field humidity is high, preventing diseases, (6) starting to spray 72% propamocarb hydrochloride wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, 40% dimethomorph wettable powder, 86% copper hydroxide powder, or 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent, performing alternate medication about 1 time at intervals of 2-3 times, and stopping medication 3 days before harvesting; prevention and treatment of brown spot of chrysanthemum: (1) thoroughly removing diseased leaves and dead plants, intensively burning out, (2) strengthening maintenance management, avoiding partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, reasonably fertilizing and densely planting, taking care of reducing soil humidity and (3) timely spraying 10% difenoconazole or 430g/L tebuconazole suspending agent or 250g/L propiconazole or more compound agents for preventing and treating at the initial stage of disease; prevention and treatment of chrysanthemum virus diseases: strictly quarantining to prevent artificial propagation, (2) detoxification treatment, taking strips from a disease-free plant as propagation material, conditionally carrying out detoxification by stem tip tissue culture, wherein the potted chrysanthemum with toxicity can be placed at 36 ℃ for 21-28 days, can be detoxified, the chrysanthemum which is subjected to heat treatment in production can be used as propagation material, the virus is passivated, the preparation is controlled, ① is used for controlling the aphis of the virus, 50 percent thiamethoxam suspending agent or 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granule and pyrethroid are sprayed, ② is sprayed with 5 percent amino oligosaccharin water or 20 percent moroxydine hydrochloride copper wettable powder and zinc fertilizer, the preparation is carried out 1 time at intervals of 7-10 days, 3 times is carried out continuously, and the preparation is stopped 3 days before harvesting; control of chrysanthemum aphid, plant hopper, thrips and other pests: (1) Spraying 50% thiamethoxam suspending agent or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule plus pyrethroid or 10% nitenpyram aqua, 37% buprofezin suspending agent and other pesticide fields; prevention and control of chewing pests such as chrysanthemum longicorn: (1) 5% emamectin benzoate aqua, 3% avermectin aqua, 23% indoxacarb suspending agent, 240g/L chlorfenapyr suspending agent and the like or a compound pesticide, and spraying in the field, (2) 1.8% avermectin, or 50% pyridaben suspending agent, or 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent, or 24% bifenazate suspending agent, or 34% spirodiclofen suspending agent and the like or a compound pesticide, and spraying in the field.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and the planting method thereof, and the chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device has the following beneficial effects:
1. This chrysanthemum arc high yield perforating device and planting method thereof is provided with connecting rod and control handle in through the backup pad, be convenient for utilize connecting rod and control handle to use the control to the backup pad, be provided with the spout in through the backup pad and run through the groove, the slider slides in the inside of spout, and the bottom of slider is provided with the inserted bar, the slider of being convenient for passes through the inside left and right sides of spout in the backup pad and slides, thereby control the interval between the inserted bar, adjust the distance between the planting hole, be convenient for dismantle the change and maintain the inserted bar simultaneously, be provided with the screw hole on the slider, the rotary rod, spacing piece, contact pad and rotatory handle, be convenient for utilize rotatory handle to rotate the bull stick, thereby make its inside in the screw hole goes up and down, drive spacing piece and contact pad go up and down, and then utilize the contact pad to fix the inserted bar with the contact of backup pad, remove fixedly through rising the contact pad simultaneously and adjust it, the effect of adjusting the jack interval has been reached.
2. The chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield perforating device and the planting method thereof have high space utilization rate, more space is utilized, flower and fruit layers are larger, high yield is obvious, ventilation and air permeability are good, branch and leaf areas are good in ventilation and air permeability, branches and leaves grow well, morbidity is low, water retention and fertilizer retention are good, the lower part of chrysanthemum plants is subjected to root hilling twice, when water is lack, water can be timely supplemented through a water and fertilizer integrated facility, soil dryness and humidity control is good, each row is closely abutted against a furrow, rainwater can be timely discharged, rotten root phenomenon is difficult to occur, chrysanthemum root systems are developed, plants with root connection and root pulling are not generated during picking, layout is carried out according to the requirement of mechanical operation, root hilling, weeding and pesticide making can be completed through a water and fertilizer integrated facility, the position where the furrow is located becomes narrow row, the position where the furrow is located becomes wide row, the furrow can also become a road for mechanical walking, soil, weeding, pesticide making and picking work conditions and the like are timely supplied to the machinery, the chrysanthemum flower and chrysanthemum is high in yield and the same time, the conventional planting method is more than that the chrysanthemum is high in the first time, the conventional planting method is achieved, and the flower and the chrysanthemum is more than 20% of the conventional planting method, and the flower and the chrysanthemum is high in yield and the first time, and the flower and the chrysanthemum is transplanted at the first time and 20% and high in the time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield perforating device;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure A in FIG. 2 of a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield planting method provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1 supporting plate, 2 connecting rods, 3 control handles, 4 sliding grooves, 5 penetrating grooves, 6 sliding blocks, 7 inserting rods, 8 threaded holes, 9 rotating rods, 10 limiting sheets, 11 contact pads and 12 rotating handles.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a chrysanthemum arc high-yield perforating device, which comprises a supporting plate 1, the back fixedly connected with quantity of backup pad 1 is two connecting rods 2, two connecting rods 2 slope towards opposite one side, the length of control handle 3 is less than the length of backup pad 1, the top fixedly connected with control handle 3 of connecting rod 2, spout 4 has been seted up to the inside of backup pad 1, the penetrating groove 5 that is located both sides about spout 4 has all been seted up to the top and the bottom of backup pad 1, the inside movable mounting of spout 4 has slider 6, the bottom fixedly connected with of slider 6 extends to the inserted bar 7 of backup pad 1 bottom, the diameter of inserted bar 7 is less than the width of bottom penetrating groove 5, and inserted bar 7 extends to the bottom of backup pad 1 through penetrating groove 5, threaded hole 8 has been seted up at the top of slider 6, the internal thread connection of threaded hole 8 has rotary rod 9 that extends to backup pad 1 top 9, the diameter of rotary rod 9 is less than the width of top penetrating groove 5, and the outside of rotary rod 9 has the top pad 10 to be in contact with the top pad 11 of top fixedly connected with the top pad 11 of backup pad 11, the outside contact pad 11 of rotary rod 9 is the top fixedly connected with the top pad 11 of top pad 11 through threaded groove 10.
An arc-shaped high-yield planting method for chrysanthemum comprises the following steps:
1) Cutting seedling, namely cutting chrysanthemum stems in a flat land after chrysanthemum is picked at the bottom of 11 months in a split mode and propagating in a plug mode as columns if necessary, scooping up chrysanthemum seedlings with fibrous roots when chamomile is planted in the last five months in spring of the second year, selecting strong disease-free chrysanthemum seedlings, cutting off tender heads, planting according to a specified plant row spacing, covering soil after planting, compacting and timely watering, directly purchasing by seedling enterprises in plug mode, cutting seedling is clear to the summer, selecting full, strong and disease-free tender heads as cutting slips, keeping the tender heads at 5 to 8 cm in general, picking off lower leaves, retaining 3 to 4 top tender leaves, then soaking each ten-thousand-plant cutting slip with 50 g of active rooting promoter, adding 50 g of 50% of multi-fungus flexible medicine liquid, rapidly dipping 1500-3000 ppm of indoleacetic acid along with water sources, preferably selecting soil close to the soil with high vigor soil and the soil with the soil or the soil, keeping the soil moisture distance between the soil and the soil at the soil width of about 6 cm and the soil width of about 6 cm, keeping the soil moisture distance between the soil and about 3 cm and about 7 cm, keeping the soil moisture distance between the soil and about 2 days, cutting seedling is kept until the soil is moist and the soil is kept at the soil distance between the soil is kept at the edge of about 2 cm and about 3 cm, the soil is kept for 2 days, the seedling is cut and about 3 cm, the seedling is watered, the seedling is cut is watered, and 10 days is cut and 10 cm, and 10 days is further 10 days, and 10 cm is cut and 10 days of the soil is cut and 35 days of the soil is cut and 10 days is cut and 50;
2) The method comprises the steps of transplanting, soil preparation, 20-25 cm of soil ploughing before chrysanthemum transplanting, 2000-2500 kg of compost or decomposed stable manure or 75 kg of cake manure are applied to each mu of soil preparation, 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O 5-K20-16-15) is added as base fertilizer, 1500g of imidacloprid particles containing 2 percent (used for killing underground insects) is mixed, after the soil is thinned and leveled, a soil opening and ridging machine with unmanned equipment (equipment capable of controlling machinery to ensure that the soil keeps a straight running state through satellite positioning) is used for carrying out soil opening and ridging (the ditch and ridge laying state appears due to extremely narrow surface, and a small piece of stacked Gao is arranged in the middle of the ditch and ridge) is adopted, under the normal conditions, the width of the surface of the chrysanthemum planted in spring can be determined according to the soil force, the small size can be selected, the large size can be selected for the large size of the two sides of the ridge, the main seedling can be mastered, the water and the soil can be fully compacted, the soil can be fully compacted by the device with the right side of the device, the width can be 8 cm, and the hole can be well compacted according to the soil force can be selected for the large size of the surface of the soil force difference, and the soil aperture can be well compacted, and the surface width can be 8 cm well compacted, and the surface can be well compacted;
3) After field management, intertillage weeding and chrysanthemum transplanting survival, 2 to 3 leaves of grassy weeds are sealed by 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate and 72% metolachlor, when new branches of the chrysanthemum which are turned around before transplanting grow to more than 15 cm, root-accumulating hilling is carried out by combining weeding, namely, a part of soil on a stacked ridge is accumulated on the chrysanthemum, so that the segmented points of the new branches of the chrysanthemum are cultivated with the soil of more than 5 cm, then the head is started, when the new branches of the chrysanthemum after the head is made to grow to about 10 cm, secondary hilling is carried out by combining weeding, the soil is further deepened and widened by using an unmanned machine after hilling, the soil is cultivated under the chrysanthemum, the stacked ridge is changed into a small shallow trench in the middle of two rows of the chrysanthemum, the high small trench is in line with the laying requirements of a water-fertilizer integrated facility (drip irrigation), and the chrysanthemum has very small work amount in the aspects of water-retaining fertilizer retention, lodging resistance, root-reinforcing and the like; the method comprises the steps of topdressing, dressing the chrysanthemum, adding base fertilizer, applying multiple topdressing in the growth period, applying 20 dilute human and animal manure per mu or 10 kg urea per mu before the first time of hilling after the chrysanthemum is transplanted, applying 30 dilute human and animal manure per mu or 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N-P2O 5-K20-16-15) before the second time of hilling, immediately hilling after the fertilization, and paving a water fertilizer matching facility (drip irrigation) in the middle of a narrow row after the second time of hilling, wherein all fertilization is completed by drip irrigation after the drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is based on a principle of a small number of times, so that the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, fertilizer damage can be avoided, manpower can be saved, adverse factors such as drought weather can be overcome, the chrysanthemum buds begin to differentiate after the eighth time, the important period for forming the yield of the chrysanthemum can be realized, and the chrysanthemum can be always in a sufficient fertilizer state before the eighth time; the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out first-time rooting after first earthing up, carrying out first-time heading after planting, and carrying out heading in three times, wherein the important links of arc planting are that the head is used for multi-branching, the more branches are, the higher the yield of flower buds and flowers is, and the head is used for sprouting axillary buds before the chrysanthemum is transplanted, and the more newly-grown axillary buds grow into new branches with the length of more than 15 cm usually after the chrysanthemum is transplanted for 15 days; the chrysanthemum heads which are close to the two sides of the soil moisture ditch and slightly higher than the heads of the previous time are removed, so that arc-shaped middle branches are formed; the top chrysanthemum heads grow high for a few days, the heads are cut off to form upper branches of the arc-shaped chrysanthemum, when new axillary buds of the upper branches grow to more than 10 cm, the second batch of heads are cut off from top to bottom, when new axillary buds grow to more than 10 cm after the second batch of heads are cut off, the third time of heads are cut off after planting, the arc is basically formed after the heads are cut off from top to bottom, at the moment, if the tender head density in the arc reaches to be very full, the chrysanthemum is controlled to grow up in time, paclobutrazol or prohormone calcium can be used for spraying, if the tender head density is smaller, the heads are cut off again, and the chrysanthemum is cut off after entering the bud;
4) The pest control method adopts corresponding prevention and quality methods aiming at the pests such as chrysanthemum downy mildew, chrysanthemum brown spot, chrysanthemum virus diseases, chrysanthemum aphids, plant hoppers, thrips and the like and the chewing pests such as chrysanthemum longicorn and the like, and the control of the chrysanthemum downy mildew: the method comprises the steps of (1) selecting disease-resistant varieties, (2) enhancing water and fertilizer management, preventing water accumulation and moisture retention, (3) dipping roots with carbendazim or pentachloronitrobenzene during transplanting, (4) discovering that a disease plant is pulled out in time in spring, intensively burying or burning down, (5) selecting 25% pyraclostrobin or 25% azoxystrobin for field spraying on sunny days when field humidity is high, preventing diseases, (6) starting to spray 72% propamocarb hydrochloride wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, 40% dimethomorph wettable powder, 86% copper hydroxide powder, or 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent, performing alternate medication about 1 time at intervals of 2-3 times, and stopping medication 3 days before harvesting; prevention and treatment of brown spot of chrysanthemum: (1) thoroughly removing diseased leaves and dead plants, intensively burning out, (2) strengthening maintenance management, avoiding partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, reasonably fertilizing and densely planting, taking care of reducing soil humidity and (3) timely spraying 10% difenoconazole or 430g/L tebuconazole suspending agent or 250g/L propiconazole or more compound agents for preventing and treating at the initial stage of disease; prevention and treatment of chrysanthemum virus diseases: strictly quarantining to prevent artificial propagation, (2) detoxification treatment, taking strips from a disease-free plant as propagation material, conditionally carrying out detoxification by stem tip tissue culture, wherein the potted chrysanthemum with toxicity can be placed at 36 ℃ for 21-28 days, can be detoxified, the chrysanthemum which is subjected to heat treatment in production can be used as propagation material, the virus is passivated, the preparation is controlled, ① is used for controlling the aphis of the virus, 50 percent thiamethoxam suspending agent or 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granule and pyrethroid are sprayed, ② is sprayed with 5 percent amino oligosaccharin water or 20 percent moroxydine hydrochloride copper wettable powder and zinc fertilizer, the preparation is carried out 1 time at intervals of 7-10 days, 3 times is carried out continuously, and the preparation is stopped 3 days before harvesting; control of chrysanthemum aphid, plant hopper, thrips and other pests: (1) Spraying 50% thiamethoxam suspending agent or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule plus pyrethroid or 10% nitenpyram aqua, 37% buprofezin suspending agent and other pesticide fields; prevention and control of chewing pests such as chrysanthemum longicorn: (1) 5% emamectin benzoate aqua, or 3% avermectin aqua, or 23% indoxacarb suspending agent, or 240g/L chlorfenapyr suspending agent, etc. or compound pesticide, field spraying, (2) 1.8% avermectin, or 50% pyridaben suspending agent, or 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent, or 24% bifenazate suspending agent, or 34% spirodiclofen suspending agent, etc. or compound pesticide, field spraying;
5) The secondary flowering of Beijing chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum is an early maturing variety, and can be carried out in areas with late frost fall, and the specific method is that before and after chrysanthemum harvesting is finished, drip irrigation and fertilization can be utilized to keep the chrysanthemum in a sufficient fertilizer state, tips after chrysanthemum harvesting are immediately knocked out, usually 8-12 cm, axillary buds are germinated on lower chrysanthemum branches, the axillary buds grow into new branches gradually (at the moment, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required to be applied by drip irrigation, usually 30-40 kg per mu, the axillary buds keep the sufficient fertilizer state), the new branches are flowering again, tubular flowers (stamens) of the chrysanthemum flowers are fewer at the moment, the tongue flowers (petals) are more, the secondary flowering is usually about 40-50% of the first flowering yield, and the planting benefit of the chrysanthemum can be increased.
Harvesting and yield, flower buds are called chrysanthemum, and flowers are called big flowers.
Good growth field yield scale.
Yield is fresh yield (unit: kg)
In summary, the chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield punching device and the planting method thereof are characterized in that the connecting rod 2 and the control handle 3 are arranged on the supporting plate 1, so that the connecting rod 2 and the control handle 3 are conveniently used for controlling the supporting plate 1, the sliding groove 4 and the penetrating groove 5 are arranged on the supporting plate 1, the sliding block 6 slides in the sliding groove 4, the inserting rod 7 is arranged at the bottom of the sliding block 6, so that the sliding block 6 slides left and right in the supporting plate 1 through the sliding groove 4, the distance between the inserting rods 7 is controlled, the distance between planting holes is adjusted, meanwhile, the inserting rod 7 is conveniently detached, replaced and maintained, the rotating rod 9 is conveniently rotated by the rotating handle 12, so that the sliding rod 9 is lifted in the threaded hole 8, the limiting piece 10 and the contact pad 11 are driven to lift, the contact pad 11 is used for fixing the inserted link 7 by contacting the supporting plate 1, the contact pad 11 is lifted for fixing the inserted link 7, the effect of adjusting the jack spacing is achieved, the space utilization rate is high, more space is utilized, the flower and fruit layers are larger, therefore, the high yield is obvious, the ventilation and air permeability are good, the branches and leaves of the chrysanthemum are good in ventilation and air permeability, the branches and leaves grow well, the incidence rate is low, the water and fertilizer retention is good, the middle lower part of the chrysanthemum is hilled twice, when water is lacking, the water can be timely supplemented through a water and fertilizer integrated facility, the soil dryness and humidity control is good, each row is close to a soil moisture ditch, the rainwater can be timely discharged, the root rot phenomenon is not easy to occur, the root system of the chrysanthemum and the development of the chrysanthemum can not occur, the plants with root connection and root pulling are distributed according to the requirements of mechanical operation during picking, the root-hilling, weeding and pesticide spraying can be mechanically operated, fertilization is completed through a water and fertilizer integrated facility, the position where the ridge is overlapped is narrow, the position where the soil moisture ditch is wide, the soil moisture ditch can be used for draining water and also can be used as a road for mechanical walking, favorable conditions are provided for the works such as mechanical hilling, weeding, pesticide spraying and picking, the conventional planting is equal-row transplanting, the row spacing is small, the mechanical operation cannot be performed, the transplanting density of the method is 20% higher than that of the conventional transplanting in the same period due to more utilized space, and the second flowering of the Beijing chrysanthemum and the chrysanthemum is usually about 40 to 50% of the first flowering yield, so that the planting benefit of the chrysanthemum can be increased, the aim of increasing the planting yield is fulfilled, the defect of the conventional planting technology in the aspect is overcome, the space utilization rate is low, the ventilation and water and fertilizer retention properties are poor, the soil dryness and humidity cannot be easily controlled, the yield cannot be effectively improved, and the conventional punching device is fixed in structure and the space cannot be adjusted.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of
1) Propagating, namely adopting plant division, plug propagation or cutting seedling;
2) Transplanting, preparing soil, ploughing 20-25 cm of soil before chrysanthemum transplanting, applying 2000-2500 kg of compost or decomposed manure or 75 kg of cake fertilizer to each mu of soil, and adding 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer, wherein N in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer: p 2O5：K2 0 is mixed with 1500g of imidacloprid particles containing 2% in the proportion of 14:16:15, is used for killing underground pests, is used for carrying out soil moisture opening and ridging by using a soil moisture opening and ridging machine with unmanned equipment, can control machinery to keep a straight walking state through satellite positioning, is in a state of furrow-ridge laying due to extremely narrow face, is in a superimposed small high ridge in the middle of the ridge, is suitable for planting chrysanthemum in spring in general, the surface size below the chrysanthemum is suitable for planting chrysanthemum in spring, the width of two sides of the ridging can be determined according to soil fertility, the fertility difference can be small, the fertility is large, the large size is selected, the planting seedlings mainly master deep planting seedlings, foot water and compaction soil, holes are formed along the left and right lower corners of the ridging by using a punching device, each plant is deeply planted by 5-8 cm, and foot water and compaction soil can be used;
3) After field management, intertillage weeding and chrysanthemum transplanting survival, 2 to 3 leaves of grassy weeds are sealed by 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate, 72% metolachlor can be added for spraying, when branches newly grown by the chrysanthemum which fall around before transplanting grow to more than 15 cm, root-accumulating hilling is carried out by combining weeding, namely, a part of soil on a ridge is accumulated on the chrysanthemum, so that the segmented points of the branches newly grown by the chrysanthemum are cultivated with the soil of more than 5 cm, then the head is started, when the regenerated branches after the head grow to about 10 cm, secondary hilling is carried out by combining weeding, the soil is also cultivated by using a machine with unmanned driving, after hilling, the soil furrow is further deepened and widened, the soil is cultivated under the chrysanthemum, the ridge is changed into a small shallow trench in the middle of the two rows of the chrysanthemum, the high small ridge is in line with the laying requirement of a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation facility, and the work load of the chrysanthemum is small in the aspects of water-retaining fertilizer retention, lodging resistance and root-accumulating system is achieved; topdressing, namely topdressing the chrysanthemum, wherein the topdressing is carried out for a plurality of times during the growth period except sufficient base fertilizer, the first topdressing is carried out by applying 20 diluted human and animal manure per mu or 10 kg urea per mu before the first ridging after the chrysanthemum is transplanted, and the second topdressing is carried out by applying 30 diluted human and animal manure per mu or 40 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu before the second ridging, wherein N in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is as follows: the proportion of P 2O5：K2 0 is 14:16:15, the soil is immediately hilled after fertilization, after the second time of hilling, a water and fertilizer matching drip irrigation facility is paved in the middle of a narrow row, all fertilization is completed by drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation fertilization is based on a principle of a small number of times, so that the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the fertilizer damage can be avoided, the labor can be saved, the adverse factors of drought weather can be overcome, the chrysanthemum buds begin to differentiate after the eighth month, the important period of yield formation is entered, the effect on the yield increase of the chrysanthemum is particularly great, and the chrysanthemum can be always in a sufficient fertilizer state before harvesting; the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out first-time rooting after first earthing up, carrying out first-time heading after planting, and carrying out heading in three times, wherein the important links of arc planting are that the head is used for multi-branching, the more branches are, the higher the yield of flower buds and flowers is, and the head is used for sprouting axillary buds before the chrysanthemum is transplanted, and the more newly-grown axillary buds grow into new branches with the length of more than 15 cm usually after the chrysanthemum is transplanted for 15 days; the chrysanthemum heads which are close to the two sides of the soil moisture ditch and slightly higher than the heads of the previous time are removed, so that arc-shaped middle branches are formed; the top chrysanthemum heads grow high for a few days, the heads are cut off to form upper branches of the arc-shaped chrysanthemum, when new axillary buds of the upper branches grow to more than 10 cm, the second batch of heads are cut off from top to bottom, when new axillary buds grow to more than 10 cm after the second batch of heads are cut off, the third time of heads are cut off after planting, the arc is basically formed after the heads are cut off from top to bottom, at the moment, if the tender head density in the arc reaches to be very full, the chrysanthemum is controlled to grow up in time, paclobutrazol or prohormone calcium can be used for spraying, if the tender head density is smaller, the heads are cut off again, and the chrysanthemum is cut off after entering the bud;
4) Pest control, and corresponding prevention and treatment methods are adopted for chrysanthemum downy mildew, chrysanthemum brown spot, chrysanthemum virus diseases, chrysanthemum aphids, plant hoppers, thrips and chrysanthemum longicorn;
5) The secondary flowering of Beijing chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum is carried out in areas with late frost fall, and the method is that before and after chrysanthemum harvesting is finished, fertigation can be utilized to keep the chrysanthemum in a sufficient fertilizer state, tips after chrysanthemum harvesting are immediately knocked off, usually 8-12 cm, axillary buds are germinated on lower chrysanthemum branches, the axillary buds grow into new branches gradually, at the moment, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required to be applied by drip irrigation, usually 30-40 kg per mu, the chrysanthemum is kept in a sufficient fertilizer state, the new branches are subjected to bud flowering again, tubular flowers of the chrysanthemum flowers which are opened at the moment are fewer, the number of tongue flowers is large, the second flowering is usually 40-50% of the first flowering yield, and the planting benefit of the chrysanthemum can be increased.
2. The chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of dividing and propagating to the end of 11 months, picking chrysanthemum, cutting off chrysanthemum stems in flat land, carrying out enhanced management in spring in the second year, carrying out scooping up on chrysanthemum seedlings when the chrysanthemum is planted in the last five months, slightly carrying fibrous roots, selecting strong and disease-free chrysanthemum seedlings, cutting off tender heads, planting according to a specified plant row spacing, covering soil after planting, compacting and timely watering, directly purchasing by a seedling raising enterprise, carrying out clear to upright summer cutting seedling cultivation, selecting full, strong and disease-free tender heads as cuttings, keeping the tender heads generally at 5-8 cm, removing lower leaves, keeping 3-4 top tender leaves, then carrying out cutting with 50 g of active root accelerator for every ten thousands of plants, adding 50% of multi-fungus liquid medicine, dipping 1500-3000 ppm of indoleacetic acid, dipping with medicine, cutting, preferably carrying out cutting with the cutting bed to be about 170 cm wide, carrying out ditching to about 6 cm deep to about 2 cm, carrying out sowing to about 2 cm deep to about 2 days, carrying out sowing to about 2 cm, carrying out sowing to 2 days, carrying out water-keeping, and carrying out 4-day-long-old seedling transplanting, and carrying out water-setting, and carrying out 4-day-deep seedling transplanting.
3. The chrysanthemum arc-shaped high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: prevention and treatment of chrysanthemum downy mildew: the method comprises the steps of (1) selecting disease-resistant varieties, (2) enhancing water and fertilizer management, preventing water accumulation and moisture retention, (3) dipping roots with carbendazim or pentachloronitrobenzene during transplanting, (4) discovering that a disease plant is pulled out in time in spring, intensively burying or burning down, (5) selecting 25% pyraclostrobin or 25% azoxystrobin for field spraying on sunny days when field humidity is high, preventing diseases, (6) starting to spray 72% propamocarb hydrochloride wettable powder, 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, 40% dimethomorph wettable powder, 86% copper hydroxide powder, or 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent, performing alternate medication about 1 time at intervals of 2-3 times, and stopping medication 3 days before harvesting; prevention and treatment of brown spot of chrysanthemum: (1) thoroughly removing diseased leaves and dead plants, intensively burning out, (2) strengthening maintenance management, avoiding partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, reasonably fertilizing and densely planting, taking care of reducing soil humidity and (3) timely spraying 10% difenoconazole or 430g/L tebuconazole suspending agent or 250g/L propiconazole or more compound agents for preventing and treating at the initial stage of disease; prevention and treatment of chrysanthemum virus diseases: strictly quarantining to prevent artificial propagation, (2) detoxification treatment, taking strips from disease-free plants as propagation materials, conditionally carrying out detoxification by stem tip tissue culture, wherein the potted chrysanthemum with toxicity can be placed at 36 ℃ for 21-28 days, can be detoxified, the chrysanthemum which is subjected to heat treatment in production can be used as propagation materials, and can be used for medicament control, ① prevention and control of toxic aphids, 50% thiamethoxam suspending agent or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule and pyrethroid, ② is sprayed with 5% amino oligosaccharin water or 20% moroxydine hydrochloride copper wettable powder and zinc fertilizer, and the medicament is stopped 3 days before harvesting after 7-10 days for 1 time; control of chrysanthemum aphids, plant hoppers and thrips: (1) Hanging yellow sticky boards in the field to prevent aphids, plant hoppers and hanging blue sticky boards to prevent thrips, (2) spraying 50% thiamethoxam suspending agent or 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule plus pyrethroid or 10% nitenpyram aqua and 37% buprofezin suspending agent as pesticide field spraying; control of chrysanthemum longicorn: (1) 5% emamectin benzoate aqua, or 3% avermectin aqua, or 23% indoxacarb suspending agent, or 240g/L chlorfenapyr suspending agent or compound pesticide, field spraying, (2) 1.8% avermectin, or 50% pyridaben suspending agent, or 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent, or 24% bifenazate suspending agent, or 34% spirodiclofen suspending agent or compound pesticide, field spraying.
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| CN1219344A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-16 | 李海根 | Chrysanthemum tree and its culture method |
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| CN108702894A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-26 | 江山海维科技有限公司 | A kind of auxiliary perforating device of Chrysanthemum morifolium transplanting |
| CN109121772A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-04 | 怀化丰瑞金银花开发有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of honeysuckle |
| CN211509768U (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-09-18 | 南京林业大学 | Cuttage perforating device with adjustable |
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- 2021-04-01 CN CN202110355115.2A patent/CN113079748B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1219344A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-16 | 李海根 | Chrysanthemum tree and its culture method |
| CN108684271A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-23 | 江山海维科技有限公司 | A kind of hand Chrysanthemum morifolium auxiliary transplantation device |
| CN108702894A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-26 | 江山海维科技有限公司 | A kind of auxiliary perforating device of Chrysanthemum morifolium transplanting |
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