CN104351005A - Simple method of tying, supporting and shaping Y-shaped main branch of peach tree - Google Patents
Simple method of tying, supporting and shaping Y-shaped main branch of peach tree Download PDFInfo
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- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 title 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002316 cosmetic surgery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010036595 Premature delivery Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006029 Prunus persica var nucipersica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000017714 Prunus persica var. nucipersica Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010042496 Sunburn Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
本发明专利涉及一种果树栽培技术领域，具体地说是涉及一种简便的桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形技术。本发明方法的整形作业需在6月底之前完成。绑扶所用的两根竹竿在靠近树干处交叉插入地面，延伸方向与行向垂直，两竹竿间在水平方向的夹角为40度。整形时，在主干上部选留两条壮梢作为主枝，分别绑扶在两侧竹竿上，使新梢顺竹竿生长，除选作主枝的壮梢外，其余新梢全部疏除；随主枝长度的增加，不断增加绑扶点，以控制主枝生长方向。本发明简单易学，操作简便，可简便有效的控制主枝生长方向，树形成形较快，树体结构合理，通风透光良好，枝干健壮，树体负载量大，有利于实现早产，丰产和稳产。
The patent of the present invention relates to a technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a simple "Y-shaped" main branch binding and shaping technology for peach trees. The shaping operation of the method of the present invention needs to be finished before the end of June. The two bamboo poles used for tying and supporting are crossed and inserted into the ground near the trunk, and the extension direction is perpendicular to the row direction. The angle between the two bamboo poles in the horizontal direction is 40 degrees. When shaping, select two strong shoots on the upper part of the main trunk as the main branches, and tie them to the bamboo poles on both sides respectively, so that the new shoots grow along the bamboo poles. Except for the strong shoots selected as the main branches, all the other new shoots are removed; As the length of the main branch increases, the binding points are continuously increased to control the growth direction of the main branch. The invention is simple and easy to learn, easy to operate, can control the growth direction of the main branch simply and effectively, the tree formation is fast, the tree structure is reasonable, the ventilation and light transmission are good, the branches are strong, the tree body has a large load capacity, and it is beneficial to realize premature and high yield and stable production.
Description
(一)所属技术领域 (1) Technical field
本发明涉及一种果树栽培技术领域，具体地说是涉及一种简便的桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形技术。 The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a simple technique for tying and supporting peach tree "Y-shaped" main branches. the
(二)背景技术 (2) Background technology
桃树萌芽率高,成枝力强,生长旺盛,喜光性强。需对其进行合理的整形修剪，以使树体形成丰产结构,枝条配置合理,达到防止树体早衰,延长丰产年限,提高总产量的目的。在宽行密植模式桃园中，多采用整株只有2个主枝的“Y字形”进行整形修剪，该树形已成为桃树标准化栽培的首选树形。传统“Y字形”桃树两大主枝间夹角为70-90角，由于两主枝间夹角过大，容易造成枝干日烧现象；进入结果期后，枝干挂果量大时，枝干易下垂，遇降雨大风天气，主枝基部容易折断。传统整形方法中主枝需选留主干上延伸方向与行向垂直的两个壮梢作为两大主枝，但生产中很难确保每株树均有生长方向合适的新梢，可供选作主枝的新梢选择性较小。另外，栽培管理者多通过抹芽，拉枝或采用复杂的支架系统等措施选留和保持主枝间的角度。据报道的桃树“Y字形”整形方法中，对选留作主枝的壮梢在8，9月份进行拉枝，此时，主枝已完全木质化，其生长方向不易改变，对其进行拉枝不仅费力费工，而且在拉枝后，随着枝条的生长，容易出现“抬头”现象，不易控制两主枝间夹角，可操作性较差。采用支架系统需要大量人力物力，增加生产成本，不易操作，不利于提高果园效益。 Peach trees have a high germination rate, strong branch formation, vigorous growth, and strong light-loving properties. Reasonable pruning should be carried out to form a high-yield structure of the tree body and a reasonable branch configuration to prevent premature aging of the tree body, prolong the high-yield period, and increase the total output. In peach orchards with wide-row dense planting model, the "Y-shape" with only two main branches in the whole plant is often used for pruning. This tree shape has become the preferred tree shape for standardized cultivation of peach trees. The angle between the two main branches of the traditional "Y-shaped" peach tree is 70-90 degrees. Because the angle between the two main branches is too large, it is easy to cause the sunburn of the branches; The branches are easy to sag, and the base of the main branch is easy to break in case of rainfall and strong wind. In the traditional shaping method, the main branch needs to select two strong shoots on the main trunk whose extension direction is perpendicular to the row direction as the two main branches. However, it is difficult to ensure that each tree has new shoots in the appropriate growth direction during production, which can be selected as The shoots of the main branch are less selective. In addition, cultivation managers often select and maintain the angle between the main branches through measures such as bud smearing, branch pulling or the use of complex support systems. According to reports, in the "Y-shaped" shaping method of peach trees, the strong shoots selected as the main branches are pulled in August and September. At this time, the main branches have been completely lignified, and their growth direction is not easy to change. Pulling branches is not only labor-intensive, but also after pulling the branches, with the growth of the branches, the phenomenon of "raising the head" is prone to occur, it is difficult to control the angle between the two main branches, and the operability is poor. The use of the support system requires a lot of manpower and material resources, increases production costs, is not easy to operate, and is not conducive to improving the efficiency of the orchard. the
(三)发明内容 (3) Contents of the invention
为了解决当前桃树“Y字形”树形整形技术中不易操作，两大主枝生长角度过大和不易控制以及新梢选留选择性小等问题,结合桃园整形修剪实践研究总结出一种简便的桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形方法，该方法不仅简便易学，省工省力，而且易于控制主枝生长方向，树形成形较快。 In order to solve the problems of the current "Y-shaped" tree shaping technology of peach trees that are not easy to operate, the growth angle of the two main branches is too large and difficult to control, and the selection and retention of new shoots are small, a simple method is summarized based on the practice of peach tree shaping and pruning. Peach tree "Y-shaped" main branch binding and supporting shaping method, this method is not only simple and easy to learn, saves labor and effort, but also easy to control the growth direction of the main branch, and the tree formation is faster. the
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种简便的桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形方法，该方法具体是： The technical scheme that the present invention adopts to solve its technical problem is: a kind of simple and easy peach tree " Y shape " main branch is tied and supported plastic method, and this method is specifically:
1.春季桃树幼苗定植成活后定干，高度为60cm，萌生新梢后，及时除萌蘖。 1. After the peach tree seedlings are planted and survived in spring, they should be fixed to a height of 60 cm. After the new shoots sprout, the sprouts should be removed in time. the
2.整形时机，需在6月底之前，新梢未完全木质化之前完成主枝绑扶整形作业。 2. The timing of plastic surgery should be completed before the end of June and before the new shoots are completely lignified. the
3.整形时，每株树选用2根长度约为3-4m的竹竿，在靠近主干位置，将两根竹竿一端交叉插入地面，使两竹竿交叉点与主干重合，保持两竹竿间在水平方向的夹角为40度，另一端分别伸向两侧行间，方向与行向垂直，并将重合处用绑绳将两根竹竿捆绑固定。 3. When shaping, choose 2 bamboo poles with a length of about 3-4m for each tree, and insert one end of the two bamboo poles into the ground near the trunk, so that the intersection point of the two bamboo poles coincides with the trunk, and keep the distance between the two bamboo poles in a horizontal direction The included angle is 40 degrees, and the other ends extend to the rows on both sides respectively, the direction is perpendicular to the row direction, and the two bamboo poles are tied and fixed with a rope at the overlap. the
4.在主干上部选留错落对生伸向行间的壮梢作为主枝，分别绑扶在两侧竹竿上；若无伸向行间的新梢，则选留其它生长方向的壮梢，对其进行扭梢，使其伸向行间生长并绑扶在对应竹竿上，使新梢顺竹竿生长；除选作主枝的壮梢外，其余新梢全部疏除；其它修剪方式同常规，保持主枝单轴延伸，随主枝长度的增加，不断增加绑扶点，以控制主枝生长方向。 4. On the upper part of the main trunk, select the strong shoots stretching towards the rows at random as the main branches, and tie them to the bamboo poles on both sides respectively; if there are no new shoots extending between the rows, choose strong shoots in other growth directions. Twist the shoots to make them grow between the rows and tie them to the corresponding bamboo poles, so that the new shoots grow along the bamboo poles; except for the strong shoots selected as the main branches, all the other new shoots are removed; other pruning methods are the same as conventional , keep the uniaxial extension of the main branch. With the increase of the length of the main branch, increase the tie points continuously to control the growth direction of the main branch. the
5.经对主枝进行一到两年时间的绑扶，桃树“Y字形”树形塑造完成，之后将竹竿解除即可。 5. After tying and supporting the main branches for one to two years, the "Y-shaped" tree shape of the peach tree is completed, and then the bamboo poles can be released. the
本发明的有益效果是，一种简便的桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形方法，在6月底之前进行主枝的帮扶作业，选留的壮梢尚未完全木质化，采用扭梢等措施，易于调控其生长方向，两大主枝选留不受其生长方向的限制，并可简便有效的控制主枝间角度，操作简便，省时省工。采用本发明可快速完成桃树“Y字形”树形塑造，两主枝间角度合理，枝条结构合理，通风透光良好；枝干健壮，进入结果期后树体负载量大，有利于果品优质丰产。 The beneficial effect of the present invention is, a kind of simple and convenient peach tree " Y shape " main branch binding and supporting shaping method, carries out main branch assisting operation before the end of June, and the selected strong shoot has not been completely lignified, adopts twisting tip etc. It is easy to control its growth direction, and the selection of two main branches is not restricted by its growth direction, and the angle between the main branches can be easily and effectively controlled, and the operation is simple, saving time and labor. The invention can quickly complete the "Y-shaped" tree shape of peach trees, the angle between the two main branches is reasonable, the branch structure is reasonable, the ventilation and light transmission are good; the branches are strong, and the tree body has a large load after entering the fruiting period, which is conducive to high-quality fruit. bountiful. the
(四)附图说明 (4) Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. the
图是：一种简便的桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形方法示意图。 The picture is: a schematic diagram of a simple peach tree "Y-shaped" main branch binding and supporting plastic method. the
图中1.竹竿，2.主干，3.竹竿在水平方向的夹角，4.壮梢，5.绑扶点。 In the figure, 1. Bamboo pole, 2. Trunk, 3. The included angle of the bamboo pole in the horizontal direction, 4. Strong tip, 5. Binding point. the
(五)具体实施方式 (5) Specific implementation methods
春季桃树幼苗定植成活后定干，高度为60cm，萌生新梢后，及时除萌蘖。整形时机，需在6月份之前，新梢未完全木质化之前完成两大主枝的绑扶整形作业。整形时，每株树选用2根长度约为3-4m的竹竿(1)，在靠近主干(2)位置，将两根竹竿(1)一端交叉插入地面，使两竹竿(1)交叉点与主干重合，保持两竹竿(1)间在水平方向的夹角(3)为40度，另一端分别伸向两侧行间，方向与行向垂直，并将重合处 用绑绳将两根竹竿(1)捆绑固定。在主干(2)上部选留错落对生伸向行间的壮梢(4)作为主枝，分别绑扶在两侧竹竿(1)上；若无伸向行间的新梢，则选留其它生长方向的壮梢，对其进行扭梢，使其伸向行间生长并绑扶在对应竹竿(1)上，使新梢顺竹竿(1)生长，除选作主枝的壮梢(4)外，其余新梢全部疏除；其它修剪方式同常规，保持主枝单轴延伸，随主枝长度的增加，不断增加绑扶点(5)，以控制主枝生长方向。经对主枝进行一到两年时间的绑扶，桃树“Y字形”树形塑造完成，之后将竹竿(1)解除即可。 After the peach tree seedlings are planted and survived in spring, they should be fixed to a height of 60 cm. After the new shoots germinate, the sprouts should be removed in time. The timing of plastic surgery needs to complete the binding and plastic surgery of the two main branches before June and before the new shoots are completely lignified. During shaping, each tree selects 2 bamboo poles (1) with a length of about 3-4m, and inserts two bamboo poles (1) into the ground at the position close to the main trunk (2), so that the intersection point of the two bamboo poles (1) and the The main trunks overlap, and the angle (3) between the two bamboo poles (1) in the horizontal direction is kept at 40 degrees. The other ends extend to the rows on both sides respectively, and the direction is perpendicular to the row direction. (1) Bundled and fixed. On the upper part of the main trunk (2), choose strong shoots (4) that are staggered and extend toward the rows as the main branches, and tie them to the bamboo poles (1) on both sides respectively; if there are no new shoots extending toward the rows, choose to leave The strong shoots of other growth directions are twisted to make it grow between rows and be tied up on the corresponding bamboo pole (1), so that new shoots grow along the bamboo pole (1), except for the strong shoots ( Except for 4), the rest of the new shoots were all thinned out; the other pruning methods were the same as usual, keeping the uniaxial extension of the main branch, and increasing the tie points (5) with the increase of the length of the main branch to control the growth direction of the main branch. After tying and supporting the main branch for one to two years, the "Y-shaped" tree shape of the peach tree is completed, and then the bamboo pole (1) can be released. the
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行描述，不仅限于此例。 The present invention is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and is not limited to this example. the
于2011-2014年在山东省泰安市山东农业大学园艺试验站进行桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形管理。春季桃树幼苗定植成活后定干，高度为60cm，萌生新梢后，及时除萌蘖。整形时机，需在6月底之前，新梢未完全木质化之前完成主枝绑扶整形作业。整形时，每株树选用2根长度约为3-4m的竹竿，在靠近主干位置，将两根竹竿一端交叉插入地面，使两竹竿交叉点与主干重合，保持两竹竿间在水平方向的夹角为40度，另一端分别伸向两侧行间，方向与行向垂直，并将重合处用绑绳将两根竹竿捆绑固定。在主干上部选留错落对生伸向行间的壮梢作为主枝，分别绑扶在两侧竹竿上；若无伸向行间的新梢，则选留其它生长方向的壮梢，对其进行扭梢，使其伸向行间生长并绑扶在对应竹竿上，使新梢顺竹竿生长；除选作主枝的壮梢外，其余新梢全部疏除；其它修剪方式同常规，保持主枝单轴延伸，随主枝长度的增加，不断增加绑扶点，以控制主枝生长方向。经对主枝进行一到两年时间的绑扶，桃树“Y字形”树形塑造完成，之后将竹竿解除即可。 From 2011 to 2014, the "Y-shaped" main branches of peach trees were tied and supported at the horticultural experiment station of Shandong Agricultural University in Tai'an City, Shandong Province. After the peach tree seedlings are planted and survived in spring, they should be fixed to a height of 60 cm. After the new shoots germinate, the sprouts should be removed in time. The timing of plastic surgery should be completed before the end of June and before the new shoots are completely lignified. When shaping, choose 2 bamboo poles with a length of about 3-4m for each tree, and insert one end of the two bamboo poles into the ground at a position close to the main trunk, so that the intersection point of the two bamboo poles coincides with the main trunk, and maintain a horizontal gap between the two bamboo poles. The angle is 40 degrees, and the other ends extend to the rows on both sides respectively, the direction is perpendicular to the row direction, and the two bamboo poles are tied and fixed with a rope at the overlap. On the upper part of the main trunk, select the strong shoots stretching towards the rows at random as the main branches, and tie them to the bamboo poles on both sides respectively; Twist the shoots to make them grow between the rows and tie them to the corresponding bamboo poles, so that the new shoots grow along the bamboo poles; except for the strong shoots selected as the main branches, all the other new shoots are removed; other pruning methods are the same as usual, keeping The main branch extends uniaxially, and as the length of the main branch increases, the number of tie points is continuously increased to control the growth direction of the main branch. After tying and supporting the main branches for one to two years, the "Y-shaped" tree shape of the peach tree is completed, and then the bamboo poles can be released. the
以“鲁星油桃”为例，于2011年定植，株行距为2m×5m，树形“Y字形”。通过采用本发明的桃树“Y字形”主枝绑扶整形方法，在6月底之前进行主枝的帮扶作业，选留的壮梢尚未完全木质化，采用扭梢等措施，易于调控其生长方向，两大主枝选留不受其生长方向的限制，并可简便有效的控制主枝间角度，操作简便，省时省工。栽植第2年，桃树“Y字形”树形塑造基本完成，树体结构合理，树体通风透光良好；枝干健壮，进入结果期后树体负载量大。栽植第3年，株产可达到19-22千克/株，栽植第4年，株产可达到30-40千克/株。可见，采用本发明方法可使桃园较快完成树形塑造，实现早产，丰产和稳产。 Taking "Luxing Nectarine" as an example, it was planted in 2011 with a row spacing of 2m×5m and a "Y-shaped" tree shape. By adopting the "Y-shaped" peach tree "Y-shaped" main branch binding and shaping method of the present invention, the main branch will be supported before the end of June, and the selected strong shoots have not been completely lignified, and measures such as twisting the shoots can be used to easily control their growth. Direction, the selection of the two main branches is not restricted by their growth direction, and the angle between the main branches can be easily and effectively controlled. The operation is simple, time-saving and labor-saving. In the second year of planting, the "Y-shaped" shape of the peach tree is basically completed. The tree structure is reasonable, the tree body is well ventilated and light-transmitting; the branches are strong, and the tree body has a large load after entering the fruiting period. In the third year of planting, the plant yield can reach 19-22 kg/plant, and in the fourth year of planting, the plant yield can reach 30-40 kg/plant. It can be seen that adopting the method of the present invention can make the peach orchard quickly complete tree shape shaping, realize premature delivery, high yield and stable yield. the
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| CN105075770A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-25 | 山东省果树研究所 | High luminous efficiency double-strain fine V-type cultivation method for peach appropriate close planting |
| CN105191734A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 上海人然合一现代农业生态园有限公司 | Method for cultivating landscape jujube trees |
| CN105746291A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees |
| CN106879389A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-06-23 | 金寨胜达农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of peach rapid shaping |
| CN107409798A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-12-01 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of easy high Y-shaped shaping methods of peach and its application |
| CN107593251A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of improvement " Y " font shaping methods suitable for peach |
| CN107667753A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-09 | 建宁县绿源果业有限公司 | A kind of peach solid ramp bracket implantation methods and plantation frame |
| CN109644766A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-19 | 菏泽学院 | One ridge and two furrows anterograde V-shaped dense planting cultivation method for peach trees in plains |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105075770A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-25 | 山东省果树研究所 | High luminous efficiency double-strain fine V-type cultivation method for peach appropriate close planting |
| CN105075770B (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省果树研究所 | High luminous efficiency double-strain fine V-type cultivation method for peach appropriate close planting |
| CN105191734A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 上海人然合一现代农业生态园有限公司 | Method for cultivating landscape jujube trees |
| CN105746291A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees |
| CN105746291B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-10-19 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of peach X-shaped cultivation technique |
| CN106879389A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-06-23 | 金寨胜达农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of peach rapid shaping |
| CN107409798A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-12-01 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of easy high Y-shaped shaping methods of peach and its application |
| CN107667753A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-09 | 建宁县绿源果业有限公司 | A kind of peach solid ramp bracket implantation methods and plantation frame |
| CN107593251A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of improvement " Y " font shaping methods suitable for peach |
| CN109644766A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-19 | 菏泽学院 | One ridge and two furrows anterograde V-shaped dense planting cultivation method for peach trees in plains |
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