CN109496640A - A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests.The present invention includes that plant, mulberry tree garden management and pest control method are walked quickly and kept away in mulberry tree plantation field selection, soil improvement, nursery stock seed selection and processing, plantation.The present invention passes through integrated management, method with biological control, physical control, chemical prevention is prevented and is administered to the pest and disease damage of the entire growth cycle of mulberry tree, it solves pest and disease damage and endangers mulberry tree, it causes mulberry tree dead, the problem of mulberry leaf, the mulberries underproduction and quality decline, ensure that the survival rate of mulberry tree, improve the yield and quality of mulberry leaf, mulberries, increase the income in mulberry field, while reducing the usage amount of traditional pesticide, reduces environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests.
Background technique
Mulberry is Moraceae deciduous tree or shrub, 15 meters of Gao Keda.Tree body is rich in serum, bark yellowish-brown.Leaf is oval to wide
Oval, end of blade point, phyllopodium is round or shallow heart-shaped, and there is rough sawn tooth at edge, there is irregular division sometimes.Blade face is hairless, there is light
There is thin hair in pool on blade back arteries and veins.Dioecism, May bloom, amentum.The fruit mature period 6-7 month, collective fruits oval or cylinder,
Black purple or white.Light, it is slightly shade tolerant when young.Warm and moist weather is liked, is resisted cold.Drought-resistant, resistance to water-wet ability is strong.It is originating in China
Middle part and the north, now by northeast to each provinces and regions in southwest, northwest is until there is cultivation in Xinjiang.Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Central Asia various countries,
Also there are cultivation in the ground such as Russia, Europe and India, Vietnam.Like warm and moist weather, slightly resistance to shade.12 DEG C of temperature or more start
Rudiment grows 25-30 DEG C of preference temperature, is then suppressed more than 40 DEG C, drops to 12 DEG C or less and then stop growing.It is drought-enduring, intolerant to
Flood, it is barren-resistant.To the adaptable of soil.
The bark and leaf of mulberry tree have medical value, and leaf is the main feed bred silkworms, and fruit mulberries have edible valence
Value, so plantation mulberry tree can create higher economic value.But various pest and disease damages, such as soil easily occur in mulberry tree planting process
Continuous cropping obstacle, bacterial wilt, brown spot, mulberry borer etc..Current main control method is chemical prevention, is held quickly although taking effect
Soil easy to pollute, air, and chemical residual amount is big, influences the quality of mulberry leaf and mulberries, while being also easy to produce drug resistance.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural methods for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) field selects: field selects that soil layer is deep, fertile chiltern earth loose, illumination is sufficient, retain water and nutrients ability is strong
Soil；
(2) soil improvement: rake is ploughed deeply into carefully in soil, digs bar ditch, furrow width 30-35cm, deep 25-30cm, line-spacing 100-
Soil lid is returned after applying organic fertilizer and covers black plant black fiber mulch film 1-4 weeks by 120cm；
(3) selection of seedling and processing: the mulberry tree product that selection hair principal stresses is vigorous, shoot growth amount is big and diseases and insect pests resistance is strong
Kind cuts off too long and withered root system before plantation, mulberry tree nursery stock root is immersed in 1-3h in nursery liquid as plantation nursery stock；
(4) be colonized: leveling earth is dug the groove of 40-60cm depth by seeding row spacing, applies decomposed manure and phosphate fertilizer, plantation
When nursery stock, plant stays 15-20cm high, control germinative number 2-3, is watered with root water after mulberry sapling plantation；
(5) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: weeping willow, balm and Caraway are rationally planted inside mulberry tree garden；
(6) mulberry tree garden management: plant pays attention to ventilation and penetrating light, rational pruning branches and leaves when planting, and in due course pinching increases item, pays attention to row
Water is poured water, and prevents garden internal water accumulation, and fertilising is mainly based on organic fertilizer, withered in timely cleaning garden supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, while cultivation and banking
The residual leaf of branch；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mulberry tree SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 1000 times of liquid or 50%
500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder spray prevention to branch, dry, leaf, fruit and earth's surface comprehensively, primary every 7 days, spray 2-3 times altogether,
Stop spray when mulberries color is red by blue-stain；Prevention and treatment mulberry borer generally uses manual catching and killing, first disposes frass with iron wire hook,
After injecting rape oil or machine oil with syringe at worm channel, worm channel is blocked with cotton.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (2) includes 40-80 parts of pig manure, wormcast 50- by weight
100 parts, 20-40 parts of rice straw, 30-60 parts of fresh alfalfa, west blue flower 10-20 parts, 15-35 parts of Chinese medicine slag, pond sludge 20-40
Part.
Preferably, the Chinese medicine slag is that Fructus Corni, kuh-seng, Fructus Forsythiae, Artemisia santonica and frutus cnidii residue are smashed to 60-120 mesh.
Further, the nursery liquid in the step (3) is to contain 10% plant ash, 1.5% liquor natrii hypochloritis, 5%
The aqueous solution of phosphate fertilizer and 150mg/L indolebutyric acid sodium.
Further, the implantation methods that Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in the step (5) are that weeping willow is equal according to spacing 400-800m
Even to be arranged in mulberry tree garden, balm and Caraway mixed planting are 2-4 plants by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree.
Further, the specific method of trimming leaf is before beginning of spring germination, away from ground 40cm eminence in the step (6)
Straight snips at the beginning of 6 months, stays 15-20cm straight snips to the branch of robust growth, inspires lateral bud, shapes and trims to mulberry tree after fruit picking, often selects good strains in the field for seed
3-4 sturdy branches are stayed, base portion stays long 15-20cm straight snips.
Further, the specific method drained in the step (6) is that the every 3-5 row of mulberry tree is built up a furrow, furrow ditch depth 25-
35cm, mulberry field surrounding dig depth 30-40cm, and river and pond are led in the gutter of wide 40-50cm.
Further, the specific method to apply fertilizer in the step (6) is spring based on nitrogenous fertilizer, per acre dosage 20-25kg,
60% dosage, early April application 40% are applied in mid-March；Summer mainly based on organic fertilizer, mu dosage 1000-1500kg, May
Last ten-days period application is primary, and early July applies once again, and cooperates 20 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer of application, and 5-10 kilograms of potash fertilizer, in conjunction with top dressing；Autumn
It matches appropriate amount phosphorus potash fertilizer in late August applied nitrogen, mu dosage 10-15kg；Winter application of organic fertilizers, mu dosage 1000-
2000kg。
Preferably, the specific method of the summer top dressing is trickle irrigation 15-15-30 high potassium Water soluble fertilizer 8-10kg per acre, and
0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliage dressing.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer formula of the winter application is decomposed sheep fertilizer in parts by weight: cake fertilizer: bacterial manure=2:1:
1。
In summary technical solution, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) a large amount of organic fertilizers of application not only can increase soil organic matter content before mulberry tree plantation, improve mulberry tree shoot survival percent,
Collocation overlay film can also create the strong reducing environment of anaerobism, have extremely strong killing effect to soil-borne pathogen.The a variety of common diseases of mulberry tree
For harmful pathogenic bacteria in overwintered in soil, soil-borne pathogen is aerobic microbiological mostly, and the strong anaerobic environment which creates makes this
A little aerobic pathogens can not survive.Organic substance anaerobic fermentation is generated to soil-borne pathogen poisonous and harmful substance, kills soil-borne disease
Opportunistic pathogen.Issuable poisonous and harmful substance includes the organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, life in anaerobic fermentation process
The low valence metal ions such as active substances and iron, manganese.In addition to this, biological community structure changes, and anaerobe quantity increases
Add, and aerobic microbiological quantity is accordingly reduced, to inhibit the growth of aerobic pathogen.
(2) weeping willow can issue special odor and trap mulberry borer, and the quantity and trend for monitoring mulberry borer on weeping willow can be well
Prevention mulberry borer is caused harm mulberry tree.Balm can distribute overpowering odor and drive away mulberry cecidomyiia, moreover it is possible to attract honeybee, parasitic wasp and other benefits
Worm.Caraway well developed root system can play the role of loosening the soil, and promote absorption of the mulberry tree to fertility, moreover it is possible to attract cocoon bee, Chrysopa,
The beneficial insects such as wasp fly, parasitic wasp.The plantation of these three plant reasonable layouts is in can significantly reduce pest and disease damage incidence in mulberry tree garden.
(3) mulberry tree nursery stock root is immersed in mixed containing 10% plant ash, 1.5% liquor natrii hypochloritis and 5% phosphate fertilizer
60min in liquid is closed, the survival rate of nursery stock can be effectively improved, and reduce the generation of sprout term disease.
(4) corresponding management measure has been formulated according to each growth period of mulberry tree, by field management, biological control,
The method that physical control, chemical prevention combine carries out comprehensive monitoring and prevention to mulberry tree entire growth period, improves mulberry
The yield and quality of leaf, mulberries, increases the income in mulberry field, while reducing the usage amount of traditional pesticide, reduces environmental pollution.
Specific implementation method
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Divide embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of creative work.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) field selects: field selects that soil layer is deep, fertile chiltern earth loose, illumination is sufficient, retain water and nutrients ability is strong
Soil；
(2) soil improvement: rake is ploughed deeply into carefully in soil, digs bar ditch, furrow width 30cm, deep 30cm, line-spacing 110cm, application has
Soil lid is returned after machine fertilizer and covers black ramee mulch 1-4 weeks, organic fertilizer formula includes pig manure 40 in parts by weight
Part, 100 parts of wormcast, 30 parts of rice straw, 45 parts of fresh alfalfa, western indigo plant spend 10 parts, 25 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 40 parts of pond sludge, wherein
Chinese medicine slag is that Fructus Corni, kuh-seng, Fructus Forsythiae, Artemisia santonica and frutus cnidii residue are smashed to 60 mesh；
(3) selection of seedling and processing: the mulberry tree product that selection hair principal stresses is vigorous, shoot growth amount is big and diseases and insect pests resistance is strong
Kind cuts off too long and withered root system before plantation, mulberry tree nursery stock root is immersed in containing 10% vegetation as plantation nursery stock
Ash, 1.5% liquor natrii hypochloritis, 5% phosphate fertilizer and 150mg/L indolebutyric acid sodium aqueous solution in 1h；
(4) be colonized: leveling earth is dug the groove of 40cm depth by seeding row spacing, applies decomposed manure and phosphate fertilizer, plants nursery stock
When, plant stays 15-20cm high, control germinative number 2-3, is watered with root water after mulberry sapling plantation；
(5) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: rationally plant weeping willow, balm and Caraway inside mulberry tree garden, weeping willow according to
Spacing 400m is uniformly arranged in mulberry tree garden, and balm and Caraway mixed planting are 3 plants by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree；
(6) mulberry tree garden management: plant pays attention to ventilation and penetrating light, rational pruning branches and leaves, before beginning of spring germination, away from ground when planting
40cm eminence straight snips at the beginning of 6 months, stays 15-20cm straight snips to the branch of robust growth, inspires lateral bud, repairs after fruit picking to mulberry tree setting
It cuts, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stay 3-4 sturdy branches, base portion stays long 15-20cm straight snips；In due course pinching increases item, notices that draining is poured water, prevents in garden
Every 3 row of mulberry tree is built up a furrow by ponding, furrow ditch depth 25cm, and mulberry field surrounding digs depth 30cm, the gutter of wide 50cm lead to river with
Pond；Mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, spring, dosage 20kg, applied in mid-March per acre based on nitrogenous fertilizer for fertilising
60% dosage, early April application 40%；Summer, mu dosage 1000kg, late May application was primary, on July mainly based on organic fertilizer
It applies again in ten days once, and cooperates 20 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer of application, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer, in conjunction with top dressing, trickle irrigation 15-15-30 high potassium is water-soluble per acre
Fertile 9kg and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage dressing；Autumn in late August applied nitrogen, mu dosage 10-15kg, and
With appropriate amount phosphorus potash fertilizer；The decomposed sheep fertilizer of winter application in parts by weight: cake fertilizer: bacterial manure=2:1:1, mu dosage 2000kg；Together
When cultivation and banking, the residual leaf of deadwood in timely cleaning garden；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mulberry tree SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 1000 times of liquid or 50%
500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder spray prevention to branch, dry, leaf, fruit and earth's surface comprehensively, primary every 7 days, spray 2-3 times altogether,
Stop spray when mulberries color is red by blue-stain；Prevention and treatment mulberry borer generally uses manual catching and killing, first disposes frass with iron wire hook,
After injecting rape oil or machine oil with syringe at worm channel, worm channel is blocked with cotton.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) field selects: field selects that soil layer is deep, fertile chiltern earth loose, illumination is sufficient, retain water and nutrients ability is strong
Soil；
(2) soil improvement: rake is ploughed deeply into carefully in soil, digs bar ditch, furrow width 30cm, deep 25cm, line-spacing 100cm, application has
Soil lid is returned after machine fertilizer and covers black stalk fibre mulch 1-4 weeks, organic fertilizer formula includes pig manure 80 in parts by weight
Part, 50 parts of wormcast, 40 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of fresh alfalfa, western indigo plant spend 20 parts, 35 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 30 parts of pond sludge, wherein in
The dregs of a decoction are that Fructus Corni, kuh-seng, Fructus Forsythiae, Artemisia santonica and frutus cnidii residue are smashed to 90 mesh；
(3) selection of seedling and processing: the mulberry tree product that selection hair principal stresses is vigorous, shoot growth amount is big and diseases and insect pests resistance is strong
Kind cuts off too long and withered root system before plantation, mulberry tree nursery stock root is immersed in containing 10% vegetation as plantation nursery stock
Ash, 1.5% liquor natrii hypochloritis, 5% phosphate fertilizer and 150mg/L indolebutyric acid sodium aqueous solution in 2h；
(4) be colonized: leveling earth is dug the groove of 50cm depth by seeding row spacing, applies decomposed manure and phosphate fertilizer, plants nursery stock
When, plant stays 15-20cm high, control germinative number 2-3, is watered with root water after mulberry sapling plantation；
(5) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: rationally plant weeping willow, balm and Caraway inside mulberry tree garden, weeping willow according to
Spacing 600m is uniformly arranged in mulberry tree garden, and balm and Caraway mixed planting are 2 plants by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree；
(6) mulberry tree garden management: plant pays attention to ventilation and penetrating light, rational pruning branches and leaves, before beginning of spring germination, away from ground when planting
40cm eminence straight snips at the beginning of 6 months, stays 15-20cm straight snips to the branch of robust growth, inspires lateral bud, repairs after fruit picking to mulberry tree setting
It cuts, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stay 3-4 sturdy branches, base portion stays long 15-20cm straight snips；In due course pinching increases item, notices that draining is poured water, prevents in garden
Every 4 row of mulberry tree is built up a furrow by ponding, furrow ditch depth 30cm, and mulberry field surrounding digs depth 35cm, the gutter of wide 45cm lead to river with
Pond；Mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, spring, dosage 25kg, applied in mid-March per acre based on nitrogenous fertilizer for fertilising
60% dosage, early April application 40%；Summer, mu dosage 1500kg, late May application was primary, on July mainly based on organic fertilizer
It applies again in ten days once, and cooperates 20 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer of application, 7 kilograms of potash fertilizer, in conjunction with top dressing, trickle irrigation 15-15-30 high potassium is water-soluble per acre
Fertile 10kg and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage dressing；Autumn in late August applied nitrogen, mu dosage 10-15kg, and
With appropriate amount phosphorus potash fertilizer；The decomposed sheep fertilizer of winter application in parts by weight: cake fertilizer: bacterial manure=2:1:1, mu dosage 1500kg；Together
When cultivation and banking, the residual leaf of deadwood in timely cleaning garden；(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mulberry tree SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 70% first
500 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid of base thiophanate pulvis or 50% carbendazol wettable powder spray branch, dry, leaf, fruit and earth's surface comprehensively
Prevention, it is primary every 7 days, it sprays 2-3 times altogether, stops spray when mulberries color is red by blue-stain；Prevention and treatment mulberry borer generally uses manually
It catches and kills, first disposes frass with iron wire hook, after injecting rape oil or machine oil with syringe at worm channel, block worm channel with cotton.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) field selects: field selects that soil layer is deep, fertile chiltern earth loose, illumination is sufficient, retain water and nutrients ability is strong
Soil；
(2) soil improvement: rake is ploughed deeply into carefully in soil, digs bar ditch, furrow width 35cm, deep 25cm, line-spacing 120cm, application has
Soil lid is returned after machine fertilizer and covers black sugarcane fiber mulch 1-4 weeks, organic fertilizer formula includes pig manure 60 in parts by weight
Part, 75 parts of wormcast, 20 parts of rice straw, 60 parts of fresh alfalfa, western indigo plant spend 15 parts, 15 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 20 parts of pond sludge, wherein in
The dregs of a decoction are that Fructus Corni, kuh-seng, Fructus Forsythiae, Artemisia santonica and frutus cnidii residue are smashed to 120 mesh；
(3) selection of seedling and processing: the mulberry tree product that selection hair principal stresses is vigorous, shoot growth amount is big and diseases and insect pests resistance is strong
Kind cuts off too long and withered root system before plantation, mulberry tree nursery stock root is immersed in containing 10% vegetation as plantation nursery stock
Ash, 1.5% liquor natrii hypochloritis, 5% phosphate fertilizer and 150mg/L indolebutyric acid sodium aqueous solution in 3h；
(4) be colonized: leveling earth is dug the groove of 60cm depth by seeding row spacing, applies decomposed manure and phosphate fertilizer, plants nursery stock
When, plant stays 15-20cm high, control germinative number 2-3, is watered with root water after mulberry sapling plantation；
(5) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: rationally plant weeping willow, balm and Caraway inside mulberry tree garden, weeping willow according to
Spacing 800m is uniformly arranged in mulberry tree garden, and balm and Caraway mixed planting are 4 plants by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree；
(6) mulberry tree garden management: plant pays attention to ventilation and penetrating light, rational pruning branches and leaves, before beginning of spring germination, away from ground when planting
40cm eminence straight snips at the beginning of 6 months, stays 15-20cm straight snips to the branch of robust growth, inspires lateral bud, repairs after fruit picking to mulberry tree setting
It cuts, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stay 3-4 sturdy branches, base portion stays long 15-20cm straight snips；In due course pinching increases item, notices that draining is poured water, prevents in garden
Every 5 row of mulberry tree is built up a furrow by ponding, furrow ditch depth 35cm, and mulberry field surrounding digs depth 40cm, the gutter of wide 40cm lead to river with
Pond；Mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, spring, dosage 22kg, applied in mid-March per acre based on nitrogenous fertilizer for fertilising
60% dosage, early April application 40%；Summer, mu dosage 1250kg, late May application was primary, on July mainly based on organic fertilizer
It applies again in ten days once, and cooperates 20 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer of application, 10 kilograms of potash fertilizer, in conjunction with top dressing, trickle irrigation 15-15-30 high potassium water per acre
Molten fertilizer 8kg and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage dressing；Autumn in late August applied nitrogen, mu dosage 10-15kg,
And match appropriate amount phosphorus potash fertilizer；The decomposed sheep fertilizer of winter application in parts by weight: cake fertilizer: bacterial manure=2:1:1, mu dosage 1000kg；
Cultivation and banking simultaneously, the residual leaf of deadwood in timely cleaning garden；(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mulberry tree SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 70%
500 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl pulvis or 50% carbendazol wettable powder spray branch, dry, leaf, fruit and earth's surface comprehensively
Prevention is spilt, it is primary every 7 days, it sprays 2-3 times altogether, stops spray when mulberries color is red by blue-stain；Prevention and treatment mulberry borer generally uses people
Work is catched and killed, and first disposes frass with iron wire hook, after injecting rape oil or machine oil with syringe at worm channel, blocks worm channel with cotton.
Experimental example 1
Experiment place is located at changde, hunan province city Lixian County mulberry tree plantation Demonstration Garden, 4 cells of this experimental setup, wherein 3
Using the cultural method of above-mentioned 3 embodiments, another is the control of conventional cultivation method, and each cell plants 100 mulberry treies,
Each cell pest and disease damage incidence is recorded in growth course, as a result such as the following table 1.
The comparison of 1 different planting cell growing of mulberry process pest and disease damage incidence of table
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Control | |
| Mulberry tree bud blight | 0% | 1% | 0% | 39% |
| Mulberry tree bacterial wilt | 2% | 2% | 1% | 28% |
| Mulberry tree bacterial blight | 3% | 2% | 2% | 23% |
| Mulberry tree brown spot | 0% | 0 | 1% | 15% |
| Mulberry borer | 5% | 7% | 8% | 53% |
| Mulberry small weevil | 4% | 3% | 4% | 34% |
Long average fruit, mean fruit weight and total output are recorded after mulberries harvest, and is compared, as a result such as the following table 2.
2 different planting cell mulberries attributional analysis of table
| Average fruit is long (cm) | Mean fruit weight (g) | Total output (kg) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 1547 |
| Embodiment 2 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 1563 |
| Embodiment 3 | 5.3 | 7.0 | 1458 |
| Control | 3.5 | 4.1 | 1129 |
In conclusion the present invention is by integrated management, with biological control, physical control, chemical prevention method to mulberry
The pest and disease damage for setting entire growth cycle is prevented and is administered, and is solved pest and disease damage and is endangered mulberry tree, causes mulberry tree dead, mulberry leaf, mulberry
The problem of Shen underproduction and quality decline, ensure that the survival rate of mulberry tree, improve the yield and quality of mulberry leaf, mulberries, increase mulberry
The income in garden, while the usage amount of traditional pesticide is reduced, it reduces environmental pollution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) field selects: field selects that soil layer is deep, fertile sand loam loose, illumination is sufficient, retain water and nutrients ability is strong；
(2) soil improvement: ploughing deeply rake carefully for soil, digging bar ditch, furrow width 30-35cm, deep 25-30cm, line-spacing 100-120cm,
Soil lid is returned after applying organic fertilizer and covers black plant black fiber mulch film 1-4 weeks；
(3) selection of seedling and processing: the mulberry tree breed that selection hair principal stresses is vigorous, shoot growth amount is big and diseases and insect pests resistance is strong is made
To plant nursery stock, too long and withered root system is cut off before plantation, mulberry tree nursery stock root is immersed in 1-3h in nursery liquid；
(4) be colonized: leveling earth is dug the groove of 40-60cm depth by seeding row spacing, applies decomposed manure and phosphate fertilizer, plants nursery stock
When, plant stays 15-20cm high, control germinative number 2-3, is watered with root water after mulberry sapling plantation；
(5) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: weeping willow, balm and Caraway are rationally planted inside mulberry tree garden；
(6) mulberry tree garden management: plant pays attention to ventilation and penetrating light, rational pruning branches and leaves when planting, and in due course pinching increases item, notices that draining fills
Water, prevents garden internal water accumulation, and mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, while cultivation and banking, the deadwood in timely cleaning garden is residual for fertilising
Leaf；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mulberry tree SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 1000 times of liquid or more than 50% bacterium
500 times of liquid of clever wettable powder spray prevention to branch, dry, leaf, fruit and earth's surface comprehensively, primary every 7 days, spray 2-3 times altogether, mulberries
Stop spray when color is red by blue-stain；Prevention and treatment mulberry borer generally uses manual catching and killing, first frass is disposed with iron wire hook, in worm channel
After rape oil or machine oil are injected with syringe by place, worm channel is blocked with cotton.
2. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2)
Soil improvement described in organic fertilizer include 50-100 parts of 40-80 parts of pig manure, wormcast, rice straw by weight
20-40 parts, 30-60 parts of fresh alfalfa, west blue flower 10-20 parts, 15-35 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 20-40 parts of pond sludge.
3. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the Chinese medicine slag is
Fructus Corni, kuh-seng, Fructus Forsythiae, Artemisia santonica and frutus cnidii residue are smashed to 60-120 mesh.
4. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (3)
In nursery liquid be contain the water-soluble of 10% plant ash, 1.5% liquor natrii hypochloritis, 5% phosphate fertilizer and 150mg/L indolebutyric acid sodium
Liquid.
5. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (5)
In walk quickly and keep away Trap plants implantation methods be weeping willow be uniformly arranged in mulberry tree garden according to spacing 400-800m, balm and Pueraria lobota thread
Sub- mixed planting is 2-4 plants by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree.
6. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (6)
The specific method of middle trimming leaf is before beginning of spring germination, away from ground 40cm eminence straight snips, at the beginning of 6 months, to the branch of robust growth
15-20cm straight snips is stayed, lateral bud is inspired, shapes and trims to mulberry tree after fruit picking, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 3-4 sturdy branches, base portion stays long 15-
20cm straight snips.
7. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (6)
The specific method of middle draining is that the every 3-5 row of mulberry tree is built up to a furrow, and furrow ditch depth 25-35cm, mulberry field surrounding digs depth 30-40cm, wide
River and pond are led in the gutter of 40-50cm.
8. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (6)
The specific method of middle fertilising is spring based on nitrogenous fertilizer, per acre dosage 20-25kg, 60% dosage is applied in mid-March, on April
Ten days application 40%；Summer, mu dosage 1000-1500kg, late May application was primary, and early July applies one again mainly based on organic fertilizer
It is secondary, and cooperate 20 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer of application, 5-10 kilograms of potash fertilizer, in conjunction with top dressing；Autumn is in late August applied nitrogen, mu dosage 10-
15kg, and match appropriate amount phosphorus potash fertilizer；Winter application of organic fertilizers, mu dosage 1000-2000kg.
9. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the summer top dressing
Specific method be that trickle irrigation 15-15-30 high potassium Water soluble fertilizer 8-10kg and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage dressing per acre.
10. a kind of cultural method for reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the winter applies
Organic fertilizer formula is decomposed sheep fertilizer in parts by weight: cake fertilizer: bacterial manure=2:1:1.
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