CN111066824B - Method for effectively controlling pine wilt disease by biologically controlling monochamus alternatus - Google Patents
Method for effectively controlling pine wilt disease by biologically controlling monochamus alternatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066824B CN111066824B CN201911416694.6A CN201911416694A CN111066824B CN 111066824 B CN111066824 B CN 111066824B CN 201911416694 A CN201911416694 A CN 201911416694A CN 111066824 B CN111066824 B CN 111066824B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and particularly relates to a method for effectively controlling pine wilt disease by biologically controlling monochamus alternatus hope. The method for biologically controlling the pine wilt disease of monochamus alternatus effectively comprises the steps of before pupation of monochamus alternatus at the end of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months every year, by applying cornus officinalis extract/morroniside to pine trees containing larvae of Monochamus alternatus, can effectively block the pupation of the monochamus alternatus hope, stop the development of monochamus alternatus hope larvae, reduce the population density of the pupae and imagoes of the pine wood line worms, thereby reducing the mortality of pine trees, simultaneously effectively preventing the subsequent pine wood nematodes from forming diffused quadriplegia chinensis as the monochamus alternatus feathers, effectively stopping the diffusion and the propagation of the pine wood nematodes, thereby realizing the prevention and control targets of reducing the mortality rate and the diffusion and extension speed of pine trees in the pine wood nematode occurrence area and preventing further extension and extension in the forest area, can solve the problems of mass propagation and rapid diffusion of the pine wood nematodes in the pine wood nematode epidemic situation generating places.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and particularly relates to a method for effectively controlling pine wilt disease by biologically controlling monochamus alternatus hope.
Background
Pine wood nematode disease, called cancer of pine trees, is the most dangerous forest disease in the world, is a destructive epidemic disease of Pinaceae plants, and can be killed 40 days after pine wood nematode infection, and can be destroyed 3-5 years after pine wood infection, thereby causing great threat to the ecological environment construction mainly in the forestry of China. The destructive nature of the pine wilt disease hazard lies in: the pathogenicity is strong, and the death speed of the host is high; spread quickly and are often out of the way; once it occurs, the treatment difficulty is great. It not only causes huge loss to national economy, but also destroys natural landscape and ecological environment, and poses serious threat to China's rich pine forest resources. At present, pine wood nematode disease is mainly treated by removing all disease trees, but the effect is not obvious because of the specificity of the pathogenic life cycle. Therefore, it is urgent to find a suitable method for prevention and treatment based on the pathogenic mechanism.
Although the pine wood nematode is seriously harmful, the pine wood nematode has the fatal weakness that the pine wood nematode can not spread and spread by itself and can only spread and spread by means of medium insects such as monochamus alternatus hope and the like. However, the monochamus alternatus hope usually moves, eats and harms under the bark and xylem of the pine, the life style is quite hidden, and the control difficulty of the conventional mode is very large. Studies have shown that the life cycle of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus can be divided into two parts, the reproductive cycle and the diffusion cycle. Every 6-10 months, the breeding type pine wood nematode parasitizes in the resin tract of the xylem of healthy pine trees, and breeds in large quantities at the speed of about 4d generation and gradually spreads all over the plant, and causes the damage and death of resin tract parenchyma cells and epithelial cells, so that the plant loses water, the transpiration is reduced, and the resin secretion is reduced and stopped sharply. The initial onset time of the woodland pine wood nematode disease is generally at the beginning of 6 months, the onset peak of the pine wood nematode disease is in 7 and 8 months, pine trees infected by the pine wood nematode are targets for spawning of monochamus alternatus hopes, and the pine wood nematode enters diapause after 1-5 months of the next year to form diffusion type pine wood nematode. Pine wood nematode first forms a diffuse type third instar larva (L) by moltingIII) And gather around the pupa chamber of monochamus alternatus to form diffused four-instar larvae (L) in 6 monthsIV) And as xylem monochamus alternatus feathers emerge from the emergence hole they are carried along to new healthy pine trees, and a new cycle of infestation begins. L isIVThe wound caused on the bark of the monochamus alternatus hope enters a resin passage when the monochamus alternatus hope eats or lays eggs, then molting forms adults, the female and male adults lay eggs after copulation, eggs become reproductive pine wood nematodes after hatching and breed in large quantities, pine trees quickly wither and yellow to become objects for the monochamus alternatus hope to lay eggs, larvae of the hatched monochamus alternatus hope enter a pine wood nematode disease tree to eat a moth passage again, and a pupa chamber is formed. The two cooperate with each other to provide the required conditions for the opposite party to complete the life history and utilizeThe conditions created by the opponent can complete self development.
In summary, the mass multiplication of bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a direct cause of death in pine, while diffuse-type third instar larvae (L)III) And spread type four instar larva (L)IV) The matching of the formation time and the emergence time of the monochamus alternatus is the key point of the carrying and the transmission of the bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Therefore, if the emergence number of the monochamus alternatus hope can be effectively controlled, the approach of spreading the bursaphelenchus xylophilus disease is blocked. Therefore, by interfering and controlling the development of the monochamus alternatus larvae, the emergence time of the monochamus alternatus larvae can be delayed or the monochamus alternatus larvae cannot emerge, so that the diffused type fourth-instar larvae (L)IV) The method can not form and cut off the transmission and diffusion path, is the key for controlling the pine wilt disease, and has positive significance for the control of the pine wilt disease.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for effectively controlling pine wood nematode disease by biologically controlling monochamus alternatus hope, wherein the method controls the spread of pine wood nematode by controlling the emergence number of monochamus alternatus hope, so as to achieve the purpose of biologically controlling pine wood nematode disease.
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for biologically controlling the pine wilt disease of the monochamus alternatus hope effectively comprises the step of applying the extract of the dogwood in pine containing monochamus alternatus hope larvae.
Specifically, the dogwood extract comprises morroniside.
Specifically, the dogwood extract is prepared according to the following steps: pulverizing dried Corni fructus, adding 6-8 times of 50-70 v/v% ethanol, ultrasonic extracting for 2-3 hr, extracting for 2-3 times, and mixing extractive solutions; concentrating the above extractive solution until no alcohol exists, adding water for dispersion, adding equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, collecting n-butanol extractive solution, concentrating, recovering n-butanol, and drying to obtain crude glycoside extract.
Specifically, the application amount of the dogwood fruit extract is 50-100 mu M/M in terms of morroniside amount3Pine tree body.
Specifically, the method for biologically controlling the pine wilt disease of the monochamus alternatus comprises the steps of adsorbing the dogwood extract in a carrier with adsorbability and a slow-release effect, and placing the carrier in a pine containing monochamus alternatus larvae.
Specifically, the carrier comprises a silicone rubber plug.
Specifically, the method for biologically controlling pine wilt disease of monochamus alternatus comprises the step of dissolving the dogwood extract in a volatile solvent and contacting the volatile solvent with the carrier, and the carrier adsorbed with the dogwood extract is obtained after the volatile solvent is volatilized.
Specifically, the volatilizable solvent comprises ethanol.
The invention also discloses application of morroniside in the field of biological control of the monochamus alternatus hope to effectively control the pine wilt disease.
Specifically, the application of the morroniside in the field of biological control of monochamus alternatus hope for effectively controlling the bursaphelenchus xylophilus disease comprises the step of applying the morroniside to pine containing monochamus alternatus hope larvae, wherein the application amount of the morroniside is controlled to be 50-100 mu M/M3Pine tree body.
The method for biologically controlling the pine wilt disease of monochamus alternatus effectively comprises the steps of before pupation of monochamus alternatus at the end of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months every year, by applying cornus officinalis extract/morroniside to pine trees containing larvae of Monochamus alternatus, can effectively block the pupation of the monochamus alternatus hope, stop the development of monochamus alternatus hope larvae, reduce the population density of the pupae and imagoes of the pine wood line worms, thereby reducing the mortality of pine trees, simultaneously effectively preventing the subsequent pine wood nematodes from forming diffused quadriplegia chinensis as the monochamus alternatus feathers, effectively stopping the diffusion and the propagation of the pine wood nematodes, thereby realizing the prevention and control targets of reducing the mortality rate and the diffusion and extension speed of pine trees in the pine wood nematode occurrence area and preventing further extension and extension in the forest area, can solve the problems of mass propagation and rapid diffusion of the pine wood nematodes in the pine wood nematode epidemic situation generating places.
Detailed Description
In the following examples of the present invention, the extract of dogwood can be obtained by extraction in a manner known in the art, for example, chinese patents CN102477053A and CN108558970A both disclose methods for preparing morroniside and loganin-containing extracts by extraction of dogwood. The scheme of the invention only needs to prepare the crude glycoside, and separate extraction of morroniside and loganin by a separator is not needed.
In the following embodiments of the invention, the dogwood extract is prepared by the following method: pulverizing 2kg dried Corni fructus, ultrasonic extracting with 14L 70% ethanol for 3 hr, extracting for 3 times, mixing extractive solutions, concentrating until there is no ethanol, adding 1.8L water for dispersing, adding equal volume of n-butanol, extracting for 3 times, recovering n-butanol layer, concentrating and recovering n-butanol to dry to obtain crude glycoside, i.e. Corni fructus extract. The content of morroniside and loganin in the extract was determined using methods known in the art.
In the following embodiment of the invention, the dogwood extract/morroniside is adsorbed in the silicon rubber stopper for use, that is, the dogwood extract/morroniside is fully mixed with ethanol and then is dripped into the silicon rubber stopper, and after the ethanol is volatilized, the silicon rubber stopper containing 1 mul of morroniside is prepared for use.
Example 1
In a pine planting region of Jilin city, Jilin province, before pupation of monochamus alternatus hope begins at the end of 4 months and 5 months, 90 pinus massoniana containing monochamus alternatus larva after detection are selected for effect verification, and the specific identification method is as follows: pine trees damaged by the pine wood nematodes do not flow fat after drilling, and have traces of carving grooves of monochamus alternatus eggs, and part of pine needles lose green and yellow.
Selecting pine trees, using 30 trees as a first experimental group, 30 trees as a second experimental group and 30 trees as a blank group, drilling a hole with the diameter of 1cm and the depth of 2cm in a monochamus alternatus nakai moth hole in the sunny side of a tree body by using an electric drill, and communicating with a larva pupa chamber of the monochamus alternatus nakai.
Inserting a plurality of silicone rubber plugs (with morroniside adsorption amount of 1 μ l/plug) adsorbing Corni fructus extract into the holes of pine of the first experimental group, and controlling the amount of the Corni fructus extract to 80 μ M/M based on morroniside3Pine bodies;
in the wells of the second experimental group of pine treesInserting a plurality of silicone rubber plugs (the adsorption amount of the morroniside is 1 μ l/plug) adsorbed with morroniside compound, and controlling the amount of the morroniside compound to be 80 μ M/M3Pine bodies;
the blank pine trees were not treated at all.
After 10 days, the monochamus alternatus larvae are dissected out for observation, and the contents of the pupae and the larvae in the monochamus alternatus are respectively calculated and recorded in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 treatment of monochamus alternatus in each group
| Numbering | Content of pupa/%) | Content of larvae/%) |
| First experimental group | 18％ | 82％ |
| Second Experimental group | 24％ | 76％ |
| Blank group | 84％ | 16％ |
Therefore, in the embodiment, the dogwood extract/morroniside is added into the pine, so that the pupation of monochamus alternatus hope can be effectively blocked, the development of monochamus alternatus larva can be stopped, the population density of the pupae and the adult of the pine wood nematodes can be reduced, the mortality of the pine can be further reduced, the subsequent pine wood nematodes can be effectively prevented from forming diffused fourth-instar nematodes along with the eclosion of monochamus alternatus, the diffusion and the propagation of the pine wood nematodes can be effectively blocked, and the mortality and the diffusion and the propagation speed of the pine in a pine wood nematode occurrence area can be reduced.
And then, the growth conditions of the groups of pines are further observed, the proportion of pine tree infection pine wood nematode diseases in the first experiment group and the second experiment group is lower than 10%, and the blank group reaches more than 80%.
Example 2
In the same operation manner as in application example 1, before pupation of monochamus alternatus hope begins in 5 months at the end of 4 months, 100 pinus massoniana which is detected to contain monochamus alternatus larva are selected in a pine planting region in Jilin city, Jilin province for effect verification, and the specific identification method is as follows: pine trees damaged by the pine wood nematodes do not flow fat after drilling, and have traces of carving grooves of monochamus alternatus eggs, and part of pine needles lose green and yellow.
Selecting 25 of pine trees as a first experimental group, 25 of pine trees as a second experimental group, 25 of pine trees as a third experimental group and 25 of pine trees as a fourth experimental group, drilling a hole with the diameter of 1cm and the depth of 2cm in a monochamus alternatus moth-eaten hole in the sunny side of a tree body by an electric drill, and communicating the hole with a pupa chamber of the monochamus alternatus hope.
Inserting a plurality of silicone rubber plugs (with a morroniside adsorption amount of 1 μ l/plug) adsorbing Corni fructus extract into the holes of pine of the first experimental group, and controlling the Corni fructus extract at 50 μ M/M based on the morroniside amount3Pine bodies;
inserting a plurality of silicone rubber plugs (with morroniside adsorption amount of 1 μ l/plug) adsorbing Corni fructus extract into the holes of pine of the second experimental group, and controlling the amount of the Corni fructus extract to be 100 μ M/M based on morroniside3Pine bodies;
several silicone rubber plugs (the adsorption amount of the morroniside is 1 μ l/plug) adsorbing morroniside compounds are inserted into the holes of the pine trees of the third experimental group, and the amount of the morroniside is controlled to be 50 μ M/M3Pine bodies;
inserting a plurality of silicon rubber plugs adsorbing the morroniside compound into the holes of the pine trees of the fourth experimental groupHead (the adsorption amount of morroniside is 1 μ l/piece), and the amount of morroniside is controlled to be 100 μ M/M3Pine tree body.
After 10 days, the monochamus alternatus larvae are dissected out for observation, and the contents of the pupae and the larvae in the monochamus alternatus are respectively calculated and recorded in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 treatment of monochamus alternatus hopes in each group
As can be seen, in this example, the extract of Cornus officinalis/morroniside is added to pine tree at 50-100 μ M/M3The application amount of the pine tree bodies is good, the pupation of monochamus alternatus hope can be effectively blocked, the larva of the monochamus alternatus hope stops growing, the population density of the pupae and the adult of the pine wood nematodes is reduced, the death rate of the pine trees is further reduced, meanwhile, the subsequent pine wood nematodes are effectively prevented from forming diffused four-instar nematodes along with the emergence of the monochamus alternatus hope, the diffusion and the propagation of the pine wood nematodes are effectively blocked, and the death rate and the diffusion and the propagation speed of the pine trees in a pine wood nematode generation area are reduced.
And the growth conditions of the pine trees in each group are further observed subsequently, the pine tree infection rate of the pine wood nematode disease in each experimental group is lower than 10 percent, and therefore, the method can effectively prevent and treat the pine wood nematode disease.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of biologically controlling monochamus alternatus effectively controlling pine wood nematode disease comprising the step of applying a dogwood extract to a pine tree containing monochamus alternatus larvae, said dogwood extract comprising morroniside;
the dogwood extract is prepared according to the following steps: pulverizing dried Corni fructus, adding 6-8 times of 50-70 v/v% ethanol, ultrasonic extracting for 2-3 hr, extracting for 2-3 times, and mixing extractive solutions; concentrating the above extractive solution until no alcohol exists, adding water for dispersion, adding equal volume of n-butanol for extraction, collecting n-butanol extractive solution, concentrating, recovering n-butanol, and drying to obtain crude glycoside extract;
the application amount of Corni fructus extract is 50-100 μ M/M in terms of morroniside3Pine tree body.
2. The method for biologically controlling the pine wilt disease of monochamus alternatus hope effectively as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of adsorbing the dogwood extract in a carrier with adsorbability and slow release effect, and placing the carrier in pine trees containing the larvae of monochamus alternatus hope.
3. The method for biologically controlling monochamus alternatus hope to effectively control bursaphelenchus xylophilus according to claim 2, wherein the carrier comprises a silicone rubber plug.
4. The method for biologically controlling pine wilt disease of monochamus alternatus hope effectively according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the adsorbing step comprises the step of dissolving the dogwood extract in a volatile solvent and contacting the volatile solvent with the carrier, and after the volatile solvent is volatilized, the carrier with the dogwood extract adsorbed is obtained.
5. The method for biologically controlling monochamus alternatus hope to effectively control bursaphelenchus xylophilus according to claim 4, wherein the volatile solvent comprises ethanol.
6. Momo (Chinese character) for curingUse of morroniside in the field of biological control of pine wilt disease in monochamus alternatus hope, comprising the step of applying morroniside in pine tree containing monochamus alternatus larvae, said morroniside being administered in an amount of 50-100 μ M/M3Pine tree body.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107927729A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-20 | 钟术光 | Edible, the pharmaceutical product of performance improvement |
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| JP2005225764A (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-08-25 | Ichimaru Pharcos Co Ltd | Antioxidant and cosmetic composition comprising the same |
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