CN103931413A - Wide-and-narrow-row planting method of special mulberries for silkworm eggs - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-and-narrow-row planting method of special mulberries for silkworm eggs, and belongs to the technical field of mulberry planting. The method is mainly characterized in that wide-and-narrow-row planting and triangle empty transplanting are adopted, the wide row spacing is 110-140 cm, the narrow row spacing is 55-65 cm, and the row spacing is 30-35 cm; the planting density of each mu is 1800-2700 plants, meanwhile, the mulberry wide-and-narrow-row planting characteristics are used, photo-thermal resources and water and fertilizer resources are used fully and other crops such as potatoes are inter-planted, so that existing resource competition is changed into resource interavailability, advantages are sought and disadvantages are avoided, the yield of per unit area of a mulberry field is increased, and the production effectiveness of the mulberry field is increased. Meanwhile, mechanical operation can be conducted conveniently, the management cost of the mulberry field is lowered, the economic benefits of silkworm raisers are increased easily, and the enthusiasm of the silkworm raisers is promoted easily.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mulberry tree planting technology field, is the wide-narrow row planting method of the special mulberry tree of a kind of silkworm egg specifically.
Background technology
Mulberry (Latin formal name used at school:
morus alba L.), originate in central China and the north, existing by northeast to southwestern each provinces and regions, northwest is until all there is cultivation in Xinjiang.Also all there are cultivation in the ground such as Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Central Asia various countries, Russia, Europe and India, Vietnam.Because of sericulture object difference, mulberry field is divided into again a He Zhongjian mulberry field, cocoon mulberry field, and the main distinction is that the former is slightly close, and the latter is slightly rare.Within 1958, rise, mulberry tree implantation methods is advocated line-spacing 2 m, spacing in the rows 0.5 m, every mu of 660 strains of planting.The every mu of strain number of planting, be 800-1000 strain the sixties, the 1000-1200 strain eighties, the 1300-1500 strain of the middle and later periods nineties.Along with the continuous increase of density, the form of planting also changes thereupon.Wide row more seedlings and the wide-and narrow-row two large forms of planting from the seventies, have been formed gradually, the former line-spacing 1.5-2 m, spacing in the rows 30-40 cm of adopting, the wide row 2-2.5 of the latter m, narrow row 0.5-1 m, spacing in the rows 0.5 m left and right more.Because density increases, the tree-like also corresponding reduction of newly forming, particularly wide row more seedlings form.Start many form from the low dry fist formula of two-layer branch the low dry fist formula of reducing to one deck branch and form from the eighties.In equal densities situation, the narrow row difficult management of wide-and narrow-row form, tree crown normal growth is affected, and the interior illumination of narrow row is poor, and invalid is significantly increased.Wide row more seedlings format management is more convenient, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and mulberry yield, quality are all higher.
Begin the nineties, and various places are built garden and adopted without exception wide row more seedlings form.But the cultivation mode density of this mulberry tree is large, dry very low, tree type is formed simply, fast growing and high yield, and mud leaf is many, ventilates poor, management inconvenience, and the high yield time limit is shorter.Since 21 century, China mulberry tree is planted and generally adopts two kinds of forms to carry out, and wide-narrow row planting is planted with waiting to go.That various places adopt more plantation form in recent years Deng row plantation, general line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 20-30 cm, every mu of plantation 2000-2500 strain, though this plantation form managing of mulberry field is more convenient, can not realizes mechanization management and be unfavorable for mulberry field interplant.Wide-narrow row planting strain number is more, is beneficial to high yield, has also overcome the weakness that plant is difficult to balanced growth, General Requirements wide row space 150～200 cm, little line-spacing 20-30 cm, spacing in the rows 30-33 cm, between duplicate rows, mulberry strain intersects and is the arrangement of " V " font, more than every mu of plantation 2000 strains.
But along with improving constantly that the adjustment of agricultural structure and rural laborer are worth, the benefit of sericulture is in continuous decline, the atrophy gradually of mulberry field area.Its main cause is: traditional mulberry tree cropping pattern space is little, is not suitable for field machineryization and produces, and rolls up labour cost, add that land utilization rate is low in mulberry field in the ranks, interplant area is little, has reduced silkworm raiser's economic well-being of workers and staff, has affected to a certain extent silkworm raiser's enthusiasm.Under the new situation, how to develop and be applicable to mulberry field mechanization production, take into account and improve the yield per unit area in mulberry field and the efficient planting technology of mulberry tree of silkworm raiser's income, be the development trend of following mulberry tree cropping pattern.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the enthusiasm for the yield per unit area that how to improve mulberry field, transfer silkworm raiser, the high-efficiency grow method of the special mulberry tree of a kind of silkworm egg has been proposed, adopt wide-narrow row planting mulberry tree, be convenient to mechanized operation and carry out mulberry field interplant, realize the bio-diversity in mulberry field, reduce damage by disease and insect harm, improve Soil of Mulberry Garden fertility, be conducive to mulberry tree and grow better, realize the object that mulberry tree high yield and silkworm raiser increase income.
The general principle of wide-narrow row planting of the present invention:
1, make full use of the soil space of wide row, other crops of a kind, raise the multiple-cropping index, and obtain maximum return.
2, on crop arranges, be taking mulberry tree as main body, a kind crop takes second place, and adheres to making a distinction between the important and the lesser one, and in the plantation period of choose reasonable primary and secondary crop, accomplishes mutually to take into account.
3, kind is selected, is arranged in pairs or groups rationally, makes full use of solid space.
4, the mutual utilization of water, fertilizer.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
1, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting technology
(1) kind is selected and nursery stock processing: 1) select high yield mulberry tree improved seeds; 2) selection of seedling processing: nursery stock is separated by size, plantation respectively, the root of withering before plantation, long cut off, and in mud, soak, can improve survival rate.
(2) implantation time: generally select plantation in March December to next year.
(3) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require wide line-spacing 110-140 cm, narrow row is apart from 55-65 cm, spacing in the rows 30-35 cm; Every mu of planting density 1800-2700 strain.
(4) field planting: require seedling just, root stretches, surface planting having peace of mind, is advisable with the grafting mouth 10 cm left and right of burying, and waters sufficient normal root water, covering with plastic film, the wide 100-150 cm of mulch film.
(5) between, plant: utilize the useful space of wide row to plant between carrying out, interplant crop can be selected in conjunction with local chief crop.As planted potato between Yunnan, line-spacing 55-60 cm, spacing in the rows 25-30 cm, sowing depth 15 cm left and right; The selection in plantation period, can select for three seasons in Yunnan, winter potato, potato planted in autumn and the summer potato.
(6) transplant after management: 1) cut dry: after transplanting overhead 17-23 cm to cut off seedling dry, what the winter planted carries out spring pruning, the spring plant with planting with cutting, require clip level and smooth.2) bud thinning: carry out bud thinning in the time that sprouting grows to 13-17 cm, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay that 2-3 growth is strong, the rational mulberry bud of direction is formed vigorous branches.3) pinching: to only having a bud, carry out pinching in the time that bud grows to 13-20 cm, short its branch, does sth. in advance into garden.4) fill a vacancy: after mulberry bud is sprouted, check in time, what do not survive reseeds in time.5) irrigation and drainage: arid will be watered, rainy day water drainage, improves survival rate.6) weeding, fertilising: utilize in time rotary plow to plough shallowly, reach loosen the soil, breathe freely, the object of weeding, fertilising, rotary tillage degree of depth 10-15 cm, executes urea 10-15 kg/ mu, or mulberry tree special fertilizer 15-20 kg/ mu.
2, the managing of mulberry field method of growing into forest
(1) prune cut shoot: cut shoot, taking summer cut shoot as main, is cut and cut down from base portion 40-45 ㎝, and " two or five " bar is from base portion 30-35 ㎝.
(2) dig fertilising: utilize rotovator to dig, degree of depth 20-25 ㎝; Meanwhile, in conjunction with fertilising, farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/ mu, and Pei Shi mulberry tree composite fertilizer 20-25 kg.
(3) desinsection: add carbendazim with dichlorvos or dimethoate emulsion and sprays once before breeding silkworms, after late fall, silkworm finished, sprays once with persistent pesticide, the front use of germination rock glacier mixture is sterilized once.
(4) fertilising: taking mulberry tree composite fertilizer as main, join nitrogenous fertilizer spring fertilizer and apply for 15-20 days before mulberry tree germinates, autumn fertilizer is used after the summer, silkworm was finished.
(5) pour water: carry out at twice, 10-15 days before germination for the first time generally at early and middle ten days in March, carries out for the second time before outbound, April, early and middle ten days, but will avoid flood irrigation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the method is utilized the feature of mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting, and other crops of a kind, have become vying each other of existing resource into mutual utilization, go after profits and advoid disadvantages, and have effectively improved mulberry field yield per unit area; Meanwhile, be convenient to mechanized operation, reduce the management cost of mulberry tree, be conducive to increase silkworm raiser's economic benefit and promote the enthusiasm that silkworm raiser plants mulberry.
Embodiment
embodiment mono-:
1, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require wide line-spacing 110 cm, narrow row is apart from 65 cm, spacing in the rows 35 cm; Every mu of planting density 2178 strains.
(2) between, plant potato: line-spacing 60 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm, sowing depth 15 cm left and right.
(3) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
2, the row such as mulberry tree plantation:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm; Every mu of planting density 1668 strains.
(2) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
Wide-narrow row planting method, compared with waiting row implantation methods, improves mulberry field productivity effect 175.77%.Meanwhile, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting is conducive to mechanized operation, can reduce cost of labor.
Between the special mulberry tree of table 1 silkworm egg, plant the output investigation of winter potato
| Implantation methods | Density (strain) | Mulberry saplings planting cost (unit) | Mulberry yield (kg/ mu) | Winter potato (kg/ mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato increase cost (unit/mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato new output value (unit/mu) | Mulberry field productivity effect (unit/mu) |
| Line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm(contrasts) | 1668 | 834 | 2185.08 | —— | —— | —— | 1351.08 |
| Wide row 110 cm, narrow row 65 cm, spacing in the rows 35 cm | 2178 | 1089 | 2439.36 | 1562.75 | 750 | 2375.5 | 3725.86 |
| Compared with the control ± % | 30.58 | 30.58 | 11.64 | —— | —— | —— | 175.77 |
embodiment bis-:
1, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require wide line-spacing 120 cm, narrow row is apart from 60 cm, spacing in the rows 35 cm; Every mu of planting density 2117 strains.
(2) between, plant potato: line-spacing 60 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm, sowing depth 15 cm left and right.
(3) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
2, the row such as mulberry tree plantation:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm; Every mu of planting density 1668 strains.
(2) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
Wide-narrow row planting method, compared with waiting row implantation methods, improves mulberry field productivity effect 180.52%.Meanwhile, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting is conducive to mechanized operation, can reduce cost of labor.
Between the special mulberry tree of table 2 silkworm egg, plant the output investigation of winter potato
| Implantation methods | Density (strain) | Mulberry saplings planting cost (unit) | Mulberry yield (kg/ mu) | Winter potato (kg/ mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato increase cost (unit/mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato new output value (unit/mu) | Mulberry field productivity effect (unit/mu) |
| Line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm(contrasts) | 1668 | 834 | 2185.08 | —— | —— | —— | 1351.08 |
| Wide row 120 cm, narrow row 60 cm, spacing in the rows 35 cm | 2117 | 1058.5 | 2434.55 | 1582.01 | 750 | 2414.02 | 3790.07 |
| Compared with the control ± % | 26.92 | 26.92 | 11.42 | —— | —— | —— | 180.52 |
embodiment tri-:
1, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require wide line-spacing 130 cm, narrow row is apart from 60 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm; Every mu of planting density 2340 strains.
(2) between, plant potato: line-spacing 60 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm, sowing depth 15 cm left and right.
(3) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
2, the row such as mulberry tree plantation:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm; Every mu of planting density 1668 strains.
(2) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
Wide-narrow row planting method, compared with waiting row implantation methods, improves mulberry field productivity effect 179.65%.Meanwhile, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting is conducive to mechanized operation, can reduce cost of labor.
Between the special mulberry tree of table 3 silkworm egg, plant the output investigation of winter potato
| Implantation methods | Density (strain) | Mulberry saplings planting cost (unit) | Mulberry yield (kg/ mu) | Winter potato (kg/ mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato increase cost (unit/mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato new output value (unit/mu) | Mulberry field productivity effect (unit/mu) |
| Line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm(contrasts) | 1668 | 834 | 2185.08 | —— | —— | —— | 1351.08 |
| Wide row 130 cm, narrow row 60 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm | 2340 | 1170 | 2480.40 | 1608.93 | 750 | 2467.86 | 3778.26 |
| Compared with the control ± % | 40.29 | 40.29 | 13.52 | —— | —— | —— | 179.65 |
embodiment tetra-:
1, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require wide line-spacing 140 cm, narrow row is apart from 55 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm; Every mu of planting density 2280 strains.
(2) between, plant potato: line-spacing 60 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm, sowing depth 15 cm left and right.
(3) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
2, the row such as mulberry tree plantation:
(1) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm; Every mu of planting density 1668 strains.
(2) other planting technologies and management method are with the correlation technique in summary of the invention and management method.
Wide-narrow row planting method, compared with waiting row implantation methods, improves mulberry field productivity effect 176.55%.Meanwhile, mulberry tree wide-narrow row planting is conducive to mechanized operation, can reduce cost of labor.
Between the special mulberry tree of table 4 silkworm egg, plant the output investigation of winter potato
| Implantation methods | Density (strain) | Mulberry saplings planting cost (unit) | Mulberry yield (kg/ mu) | Winter potato (kg/ mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato increase cost (unit/mu) | Between mulberry field, plant winter potato new output value (unit/mu) | Mulberry field productivity effect (unit/mu) |
| Line-spacing 100 cm, spacing in the rows 40 cm(contrasts) | 1668 | 834 | 2185.08 | ? | ? | ? | 1351.08 |
| Wide row 140 cm, narrow row 55 cm, spacing in the rows 30 cm | 2280 | 1140 | 2462.40 | 1582.01 | 750 | 2414.02 | 3736.42 |
| Compared with the control ± % | 36.69 | 36.69 | 12.69 | ? | ? | ? | 176.55 |
Claims (2)
1. a wide-narrow row planting method for the special mulberry tree of silkworm egg, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) kind is selected and nursery stock processing: select the nursery stock of high yield mulberry tree improved seeds, nursery stock is separated by size, and plantation respectively, the root of withering before plantation, long cut off, and in mud, soak, can improve survival rate;
(2) implantation time: generally select plantation in March December to next year;
(3) plantation form and density: select good, the smooth plot of water and fertilizer condition, adopt wide-narrow row planting, triangle pair is empty transplants; Require wide line-spacing 110-140 cm, narrow row is apart from 55-65 cm, spacing in the rows 30-35 cm; Every mu of planting density 1800-2700 strain;
(4) field planting: require seedling just, root stretches, surface planting having peace of mind, is advisable with the grafting mouth 10 cm left and right of burying, and waters sufficient normal root water, covering with plastic film, the wide 100-150 cm of mulch film;
(5) between, plant: utilize the useful space of wide row to plant between carrying out, interplant crop can be selected in conjunction with local chief crop;
(6) transplant after management: after transplanting overhead 17-23 cm to cut off seedling dry, what the winter planted carries out spring pruning, the spring plant with planting with cutting, require clip level and smooth; In the time that sprouting grows to 13-17 cm, carry out bud thinning, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay that 2-3 growth is strong, the rational mulberry bud of direction is formed vigorous branches; To only having a bud, in the time that growing to 13-20 cm, bud carries out pinching, and short its branch, does sth. in advance into garden; After mulberry bud is sprouted, check in time, what do not survive reseeds in time; Arid will be watered, and rainy day water drainage, improves survival rate; Weeding, fertilising: utilize in time rotary plow to plough shallowly, reach loosen the soil, breathe freely, the object of weeding, fertilising, rotary tillage degree of depth 10-15 cm, executes urea 10-15 kg/ mu, or mulberry tree special fertilizer 15-20 kg/ mu.
2. the wide-narrow row planting method of the special mulberry tree of silkworm egg according to claim 1, is characterized in that, a kind potato adopts wide-narrow row planting, and triangle pair is empty transplants, line-spacing 55-60 cm, spacing in the rows 25-30 cm, sowing depth 15 cm left and right; The selection in plantation period, selected for three seasons in Yunnan, winter potato, potato planted in autumn and the summer potato.
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| CN105706832A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-29 | 刘万顺 | Large-small-row plant-staggered cultivation method of low-stemmed mulberries suitable for interplanting in mulberry field |
| CN108142191A (en) * | 2017-12-03 | 2018-06-12 | 李红光 | A kind of method for improving the field planting of yuluxiang pear seedling and surviving |
| CN109168916A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-11 | 罗城仫佬族自治县群富种养农民专业合作社 | The implantation methods of silkworm and mulberry |
| CN109496640A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-22 | 澧县泰溥生态水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests |
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| CN105165348A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-23 | 颍上县秀民果桑专业合作社 | Preliminary-stage cultivation method for mulberries on dry pond |
| CN105165528A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-23 | 颍上县秀民果桑专业合作社 | Early-stage cultivation method of mountainous region mulberries |
| CN105284518A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-02-03 | 颍上县秀民果桑专业合作社 | Mulberry early stage cultivating method on barren plain |
| CN105706832A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-29 | 刘万顺 | Large-small-row plant-staggered cultivation method of low-stemmed mulberries suitable for interplanting in mulberry field |
| CN108142191A (en) * | 2017-12-03 | 2018-06-12 | 李红光 | A kind of method for improving the field planting of yuluxiang pear seedling and surviving |
| CN109496640A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-22 | 澧县泰溥生态水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method reducing Mulberry Diseases And Pests |
| CN109168916A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-11 | 罗城仫佬族自治县群富种养农民专业合作社 | The implantation methods of silkworm and mulberry |
| CN112931007A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-11 | 杭州国慷网络科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating mechanically harvested mulberry field |
| CN112931007B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-05-03 | 杭州国慷网络科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating mechanically harvested mulberry field |
| CN114009280A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-08 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method of vegetable mulberry suitable for mechanical harvesting |
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Application publication date: 20140723 |