CN113557895A - Planting method for reducing diseases and insect pests of mulberries - Google Patents
Planting method for reducing diseases and insect pests of mulberries Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for reducing diseases and insect pests of mulberries, and particularly relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: garden selection and improvement; step two: selecting and treating seedlings; step three: planting; step four: managing a mulberry garden; step five: preventing and treating diseases and insect pests with the medicine. According to the invention, the soil is improved by using the modifier before mulberry nursery stock planting, the modifier contains decomposed farmyard manure, a compound fertilizer, chitosan, 3% phoxim particles and mixed powder, the survival rate of the mulberry nursery stock can be improved, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method for reducing diseases and insect pests of mulberries.
Background
Mulberry is deciduous tree or shrub of Moraceae, and can be up to 15 m in height. The tree body is rich in serum and the bark is yellow brown. Oval to broad oval, pointed at the tip, round at the base of the leaf or in the shape of a shallow heart, with coarse serrations at the edges and sometimes irregular divisions. Leaves have no hair, and leaves have luster, and leaves have hair on the veins of the back. Male and female, 5 months flowering, Cymbopogon latifolia. The fruit ripening period is 6-7 months, the fig is oval or cylindrical, and the color is black purple or white. Pleased with light, slightly resistant to yin in the young. It is fond of warm and humid climate and cold resistance. Drought resistance and strong water-moisture resistance. The middle and north China originally produced are cultivated in the regions from northeast to southwest and from northwest to Xinjiang. Cultivation is also available in Korea, Japan, Mongolia, China and Asia, Russia, Europe, India and Vietnam. Fond warm and humid climate and is slightly resistant to shade. The germination is started at the temperature of more than 12 ℃, the growth is properly carried out at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, the growth is inhibited when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, and the growth is stopped when the temperature is reduced to be lower than 12 ℃. Drought tolerance, waterlogging tolerance and barren tolerance. Has strong adaptability to soil.
The bark and leaves of the mulberry have medicinal value, the leaves are main feed for silkworm breeding, and the fruit mulberry has edible value, so that higher economic value can be created by planting the mulberry. However, various plant diseases and insect pests such as soil continuous cropping obstacle, bacterial wilt, brown spot, longicorn and the like are easy to occur in the mulberry planting process. The main existing control method is chemical control, although the effect is quick, soil and air are easy to pollute, the chemical residue is large, the quality of mulberry leaves and mulberries is affected, and meanwhile, the drug resistance is easy to generate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for reducing mulberry diseases and insect pests, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a planting method for reducing mulberry diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and improving a garden, selecting a mature slope land and a semi-arid paddy field which are aged in soil, deep in soil layer, fertile and loose, sufficient in illumination and strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity, deep ploughing and land preparation by adopting mechanical operation, digging a strip ditch, paving organic fertilizer in the dug strip ditch, adding a modifier into the dug soil, and covering the soil mixed with the modifier back to a deep ditch, wherein the width of the ditch is 30-50cm, the depth of the ditch is 40-60cm, and the row spacing is 110 plus 120 cm;
step two: selecting and processing nursery stocks, namely selecting mulberry varieties with large branch growth amount, strong branching force and strong disease and pest resistance as planting nursery stocks, trimming overlong and withered root systems before planting, keeping the root length at 14-16cm, and then soaking the roots of the mulberry seedlings in a seedling culture solution for 2-4 h;
step three: planting, in spring or autumn, digging 40-60cm deep grooves according to the row spacing, putting the soaked mulberry seedlings into the grooves, stretching the roots of the mulberry seedlings, filling 5-8cm of soil into the grooves, then paving 5-7cm of decomposed organic fertilizer into the grooves, then filling the rest soil into the grooves, keeping the mulberry seedlings 15-20cm high, controlling the germination number to be 2-3, and watering the planting water after planting;
step four: managing a mulberry garden, wherein after mulberry seedlings are planted, the mulberry seedlings are ventilated and transparent, branches and leaves are reasonably trimmed, pinching and strip increasing are timely carried out, drainage and irrigation are carried out, water accumulation in the garden is prevented, first fertilization is carried out when the young tips of the mulberry seedlings grow to 8-10cm, second fertilization is carried out when the young tips grow to 12-15cm, third fertilization is carried out when the mulberry fruits are hung, and meanwhile intertillage and ridging are carried out;
step five: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, wherein before and after mulberry blossoming and in the green fruit period, 1000 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl powder and 1000 times of solution of 25% triazolone wettable powder are uniformly mixed and then are comprehensively sprayed on branches, trunks, leaves, fruits and the ground surface for prevention, the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times every 7-10 days, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into soil during intertillage hilling;
step six: and (3) animal pest control, feeding local chickens in the mulberry field before and after every year of mulberry picking, feeding 150 local chickens in the mulberry field per mu, and carrying out comprehensive disinfection treatment on the mulberry field after the local chickens are fed out of the field to feed the next batch of chicks.
Firstly digging 30-40cm when digging a ditch, then digging 10-20cm, separately stacking the surface soil dug firstly and the core soil dug later, adding a modifier into the dug core soil, placing the core soil into the ditch when covering the dug soil back to the ditch, and then placing the surface soil above the core soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the modifier in the first step comprises 400 parts of decomposed farmyard manure 200-.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixed powder comprises zeolite, titanium dioxide and attapulgite, and the weight ratio of the zeolite to the titanium dioxide to the attapulgite is 1: (0.8-1.5): (1.5-2).
In a preferred embodiment, the seedling raising solution in the second step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of honeysuckle, 8-15 parts of selfheal, 5-10 parts of liquorice, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 2-6 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2-6 parts of fructus forsythiae and 1-5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii.
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the seedling raising solution comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials in the seedling culture solution, mixing and crushing, adding 200 parts by weight of 150-200 parts by weight of water and 15-25 parts by weight of 80-90% ethanol aqueous solution by mass, carrying out reflux extraction at 60-80 ℃ under reduced pressure for 6-10h, and collecting filtrate obtained by filtering as the seedling culture solution.
In a preferred embodiment, when a groove of 40-60cm is dug in the third step, 30-40cm is dug, then 10-20cm is dug, the dug surface soil and core soil are separately stacked, and the surface soil is filled into the groove and then filled with the core soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the first fertilization in the fourth step comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 8:1:1, 30-40kg of fertilizer is applied per mu, the second fertilization comprises an organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises 200 parts of human and animal excrement 100-containing organic materials, 50-80 parts of rice straw, 50-80 parts of earthworm excrement and 30-50 parts of biogas residues, the dosage per mu is 1000-containing organic materials 1200kg, the third fertilization comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5:3:2, and the dosage per mu is 50-70 kg.
In a preferred embodiment, the adding amount of the 50% carbendazim wettable powder per mu in the intertillage hilling in the fifth step is 2-5 kg.
In a preferred embodiment, the local chickens are driven out of the mulberry field in each intertillage fertilization in the sixth step, and when carbendazim wettable powder is added into the intertillage ridging, the local chickens are driven into the mulberry field 5-7 days after each intertillage ridging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the soil is improved by using the modifier before mulberry nursery stocks are planted, the modifier contains decomposed farmyard manure, a compound fertilizer, chitosan, 3% of phoxim particles and mixed powder, the chitosan can inhibit various viruses, fungi, bacteria and the like in the soil, and can increase mass propagation of beneficial bacteria, improve the granular structure of the soil, increase the content of soil microorganisms, and improve the yield of mulberry, the phoxim particles can effectively prevent grubs and wireworms from being generated, the mixed powder is composed of zeolite, titanium dioxide and attapulgite of a porous medium, so that the water permeability and air permeability of the soil can be improved, the propagation of microorganisms can be facilitated, the dispersibility of the soil can be improved, and the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention can be increased; the survival rate of the mulberry seedlings can be effectively improved by soaking the mulberry seedlings with the seedling culture solution before the mulberry seedlings are planted; 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into soil during fertilization, intertillage and ridging, so that purple stripe disease of the mulberry can be effectively prevented, and the influence of insect pests on the mulberry can be reduced by regularly spraying a medicament;
2. according to the invention, the local chicken is fed in the mulberry field, and can eat pests and weeds in the mulberry field and fallen mulberry leaves and mulberry fruits, so that the feeding amount of the local chicken can be reduced, the feeding cost of the local chicken is reduced, the local chicken fed with the mulberry leaves and the mulberry fruits has good meat quality, the pests and weeds in the mulberry field and the mulberry leaves and the mulberry fruits can be treated, the pesticide consumption is reduced, and the situation of more pests can be prevented.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a planting method for reducing mulberry diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and improving a garden, selecting a ripe slope land and a semi-arid paddy field which are ripe, deep in soil layer, fertile and loose, sufficient in illumination and strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity, deeply ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, digging a strip ditch with the width of 40cm, the depth of 50cm and the row spacing of 120cm, digging 35cm first when digging the strip ditch, then digging 15cm, separately stacking the dug surface soil and dug core soil, paving a machine fertilizer in the digging strip ditch, adding a modifier into the dug core soil, placing the core soil into the ditch when covering the dug soil back to the ditch, then placing the surface soil above the core soil, wherein the modifier comprises 300 parts of rotten farmyard manure, 50 parts of compound fertilizer, 40 parts of chitosan, 40 parts of 3% phoxim particles and 50 parts of mixed powder, the rotten farmyard manure, the compound fertilizer, the chitosan, the 3% phoxim particles and the mixed powder are uniformly mixed and crushed to obtain the modifier, the mixed powder comprises zeolite, titanium dioxide and attapulgite, and the weight ratio of the zeolite to the titanium dioxide to the attapulgite is 1: 1: 1.8;
step two: selecting and processing nursery stocks, namely selecting mulberry varieties with large branch growth amount, vigorous branching and strong disease and pest resistance as planting nursery stocks, trimming overlong and withered root systems before planting, keeping the length of roots to be 15cm, and then soaking the roots of the mulberry seedlings in a seedling culture solution for 3 hours, wherein the seedling culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of honeysuckle, 12 parts of selfheal, 8 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of Chinese yam, 4 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 4 parts of fructus forsythiae and 3 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, wherein the preparation method of the seedling culture solution comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials in the seedling culture solution, mixing and crushing, adding 180 parts by weight of water and 20 parts by weight of 85% ethanol aqueous solution by mass, performing reflux extraction at 70 ℃ under reduced pressure for 8 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate as the seedling culture solution;
step three: planting, in spring or autumn, digging 50cm deep grooves according to the row spacing, putting the soaked mulberry seedlings into the grooves, stretching the roots of the mulberry seedlings, filling 6cm of soil into the grooves, then paving 6cm of decomposed organic fertilizer into the grooves, then filling the residual soil into the grooves, digging 35cm of the grooves when digging 50cm of the grooves, then digging 15cm of the grooves, stacking the dug surface soil and core soil separately, filling the core soil into the grooves, then filling the surface soil, keeping 18cm high for the mulberry seedlings, controlling the germination number to be 2-3, and watering the planting water after planting;
step four: managing a mulberry garden, wherein after mulberry seedlings are planted, ventilation and light transmission are paid attention, branches and leaves are reasonably trimmed, pinching and strip increasing are timely conducted, water draining and irrigation are paid attention, water accumulation in the garden is prevented, first fertilization is conducted when young shoots of the mulberry seedlings grow to 10cm, the first fertilization comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 8:1:1, 35kg of fertilizer is applied to each mu, the young shoots grow to 14cm, the second fertilization is an organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises 150 parts of human and animal excrement, 70 parts of rice straw, 70 parts of wormcast and 40 parts of biogas residue, the dosage is 1100kg per mu, third fertilization is conducted when the mulberry fruits are hung, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied for the third time, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5:3:2, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer to the per mu is 60kg, and meanwhile intertillage and soil cultivation is conducted;
step five: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, 1000 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl powder and 1000 times of solution of 25% triazolone wettable powder are uniformly mixed before and after mulberry blossoming and in the green fruit period, then branches, stems, leaves, fruits and the ground surface are completely sprayed for prevention, the spraying is carried out for 2 times every 8 days, 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into soil during intertillage hilling, and the adding amount of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per mu during the intertillage hilling is 4 kg;
step six: the animal pest control method comprises the steps of feeding local chickens in a mulberry field before and after mulberry picking every year, feeding 140 local chickens in the mulberry field per mu, carrying out comprehensive disinfection treatment on the mulberry field after the local chickens are fed out of the mulberry field, feeding next batch of chicken seedlings, driving the local chickens out of the mulberry field during each intertillage fertilization, and driving the local chickens into the mulberry field 7 days after each intertillage ridging when carbendazol wettable powder is added into the intertillage ridging.
Example 2:
the invention provides a planting method for reducing mulberry diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and improving a garden, selecting a ripe slope land and a semi-arid paddy field which are ripe, deep in soil layer, fertile and loose, sufficient in illumination and strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity, deeply ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, digging a strip ditch with the width of 40cm, the depth of 50cm and the row spacing of 120cm, digging 35cm when digging the strip ditch, then digging 15cm, separately stacking the dug surface soil and dug core soil, paving a machine fertilizer in the digging strip ditch, adding a modifier into the dug core soil, placing the core soil into the ditch when covering the dug soil back to the ditch, then placing the surface soil above the core soil, wherein the modifier comprises 200 parts of rotten farmyard manure, 40 parts of compound fertilizer, 30 parts of chitosan, 30 parts of 3 percent phoxim particles and 40 parts of mixed powder, and the rotten farmyard manure, the compound fertilizer, the chitosan, the 3 percent phoxim particles and the mixed powder are uniformly mixed and crushed to obtain the modifier, the modifier is prepared by uniformly mixing decomposed farmyard manure, compound fertilizer, chitosan, 3% phoxim particles and mixed powder, stirring and crushing the mixture to obtain the modifier, wherein the mixed powder comprises zeolite, titanium dioxide and attapulgite, and the weight ratio of the zeolite to the titanium dioxide to the attapulgite is 1: 1: 1.8;
step two: selecting and processing nursery stocks, namely selecting mulberry varieties with large branch growth amount, vigorous branching and strong disease and pest resistance as planting nursery stocks, trimming overlong and withered root systems before planting, keeping the length of roots to be 15cm, and then soaking the roots of the mulberry seedlings in a seedling culture solution for 3 hours, wherein the seedling culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of honeysuckle, 12 parts of selfheal, 8 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of Chinese yam, 4 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 4 parts of fructus forsythiae and 3 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, wherein the preparation method of the seedling culture solution comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials in the seedling culture solution, mixing and crushing, adding 180 parts by weight of water and 20 parts by weight of 85% ethanol aqueous solution by mass, performing reflux extraction at 70 ℃ under reduced pressure for 8 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate as the seedling culture solution;
step three: planting, in spring or autumn, digging 50cm deep grooves according to the row spacing, putting the soaked mulberry seedlings into the grooves, stretching the roots of the mulberry seedlings, filling 6cm of soil into the grooves, then paving 6cm of decomposed organic fertilizer into the grooves, then filling the residual soil into the grooves, digging 35cm of the grooves when digging 50cm of the grooves, then digging 15cm of the grooves, stacking the dug surface soil and core soil separately, filling the core soil into the grooves, then filling the surface soil, keeping 18cm high for the mulberry seedlings, controlling the germination number to be 2-3, and watering the planting water after planting;
step four: managing a mulberry garden, wherein after mulberry seedlings are planted, ventilation and light transmission are paid attention, branches and leaves are reasonably trimmed, pinching and strip increasing are timely conducted, water draining and irrigation are paid attention, water accumulation in the garden is prevented, first fertilization is conducted when young shoots of the mulberry seedlings grow to 10cm, the first fertilization comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 8:1:1, 35kg of fertilizer is applied to each mu, the young shoots grow to 14cm, the second fertilization is an organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises 150 parts of human and animal excrement, 70 parts of rice straw, 70 parts of wormcast and 40 parts of biogas residue, the dosage is 1100kg per mu, third fertilization is conducted when the mulberry fruits are hung, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied for the third time, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5:3:2, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer to the per mu is 60kg, and meanwhile intertillage and soil cultivation is conducted;
step five: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, 1000 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl powder and 1000 times of solution of 25% triazolone wettable powder are uniformly mixed before and after mulberry blossoming and in the green fruit period, then branches, stems, leaves, fruits and the ground surface are completely sprayed for prevention, the spraying is carried out for 2 times every 8 days, 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into soil during intertillage hilling, and the adding amount of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per mu during the intertillage hilling is 4 kg;
step six: the animal pest control method comprises the steps of feeding local chickens in a mulberry field before and after mulberry picking every year, feeding 140 local chickens in the mulberry field per mu, carrying out comprehensive disinfection treatment on the mulberry field after the local chickens are fed out of the mulberry field, feeding next batch of chicken seedlings, driving the local chickens out of the mulberry field during each intertillage fertilization, and driving the local chickens into the mulberry field 7 days after each intertillage ridging when carbendazol wettable powder is added into the intertillage ridging.
Example 3
The invention provides a planting method for reducing mulberry diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and improving a garden, selecting a ripe slope land and a semi-arid paddy field which are ripe, deep in soil layer, fertile and loose, sufficient in illumination and strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity, deeply ploughing and preparing soil by adopting mechanical operation, digging a strip ditch with the width of 40cm, the depth of 50cm and the row spacing of 120cm, digging 35cm when digging the strip ditch, then digging 15cm, separately stacking the dug surface soil and dug core soil, paving a machine fertilizer in the digging strip ditch, adding a modifier into the dug core soil, placing the core soil into the ditch when covering the dug soil back to the ditch, then placing the surface soil above the core soil, wherein the modifier comprises 400 parts of rotten farmyard manure, 60 parts of compound fertilizer, 50 parts of chitosan, 50 parts of 3 percent phoxim particles and 60 parts of mixed powder, and the rotten farmyard manure, the compound fertilizer, the chitosan, the 3 percent phoxim particles and the mixed powder are uniformly mixed and crushed to obtain the modifier, the modifier is prepared by uniformly mixing decomposed farmyard manure, compound fertilizer, chitosan, 3% phoxim particles and mixed powder, stirring and crushing the mixture to obtain the modifier, wherein the mixed powder comprises zeolite, titanium dioxide and attapulgite, and the weight ratio of the zeolite to the titanium dioxide to the attapulgite is 1: 1: 1.8;
step two: selecting and processing nursery stocks, namely selecting mulberry varieties with large branch growth amount, vigorous branching and strong disease and pest resistance as planting nursery stocks, trimming overlong and withered root systems before planting, keeping the length of roots to be 15cm, and then soaking the roots of the mulberry seedlings in a seedling culture solution for 3 hours, wherein the seedling culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of honeysuckle, 12 parts of selfheal, 8 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of Chinese yam, 4 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 4 parts of fructus forsythiae and 3 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, wherein the preparation method of the seedling culture solution comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials in the seedling culture solution, mixing and crushing, adding 180 parts by weight of water and 20 parts by weight of 85% ethanol aqueous solution by mass, performing reflux extraction at 70 ℃ under reduced pressure for 8 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate as the seedling culture solution;
step three: planting, in spring or autumn, digging 50cm deep grooves according to the row spacing, putting the soaked mulberry seedlings into the grooves, stretching the roots of the mulberry seedlings, filling 6cm of soil into the grooves, then paving 6cm of decomposed organic fertilizer into the grooves, then filling the residual soil into the grooves, digging 35cm of the grooves when digging 50cm of the grooves, then digging 15cm of the grooves, stacking the dug surface soil and core soil separately, filling the core soil into the grooves, then filling the surface soil, keeping 18cm high for the mulberry seedlings, controlling the germination number to be 2-3, and watering the planting water after planting;
step four: managing a mulberry garden, wherein after mulberry seedlings are planted, ventilation and light transmission are paid attention, branches and leaves are reasonably trimmed, pinching and strip increasing are timely conducted, water draining and irrigation are paid attention, water accumulation in the garden is prevented, first fertilization is conducted when young shoots of the mulberry seedlings grow to 10cm, the first fertilization comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 8:1:1, 35kg of fertilizer is applied to each mu, the young shoots grow to 14cm, the second fertilization is an organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises 150 parts of human and animal excrement, 70 parts of rice straw, 70 parts of wormcast and 40 parts of biogas residue, the dosage is 1100kg per mu, third fertilization is conducted when the mulberry fruits are hung, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied for the third time, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5:3:2, the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer to the per mu is 60kg, and meanwhile intertillage and soil cultivation is conducted;
step five: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, 1000 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl powder and 1000 times of solution of 25% triazolone wettable powder are uniformly mixed before and after mulberry blossoming and in the green fruit period, then branches, stems, leaves, fruits and the ground surface are completely sprayed for prevention, the spraying is carried out for 2 times every 8 days, 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into soil during intertillage hilling, and the adding amount of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per mu during the intertillage hilling is 4 kg;
step six: the animal pest control method comprises the steps of feeding local chickens in a mulberry field before and after mulberry picking every year, feeding 140 local chickens in the mulberry field per mu, carrying out comprehensive disinfection treatment on the mulberry field after the local chickens are fed out of the mulberry field, feeding next batch of chicken seedlings, driving the local chickens out of the mulberry field during each intertillage fertilization, and driving the local chickens into the mulberry field 7 days after each intertillage ridging when carbendazol wettable powder is added into the intertillage ridging.
Planting 100 mulberries in the same environment by using the planting methods of the embodiments 1 to 3 respectively, namely an experimental group 1, an experimental group 2 and an experimental group 3, planting 100 mulberries in the same environment by using the traditional planting method as a control group, recording the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests of the mulberries in each experimental group in the growth process, and recording the quality of the mulberries in each experimental group, wherein the detection results are shown in table 1:
watch 1
Through a plurality of experiments, as shown in the table I, the occurrence rate of insect pests of the mulberry trees planted by the embodiment of the invention is far lower than that of the traditional planting method, and the single weight and the total yield of the mulberry are higher than those of the traditional planting mode, the mulberry tree seedling planting method 1 utilizes the modifying agent to modify the soil before planting the mulberry trees, the modifying agent contains decomposed farmyard manure, compound fertilizer, chitosan, 3 percent phoxim particles and mixed powder, the chitosan can inhibit various viruses, fungi, bacteria and the like in the soil, can also increase the mass propagation of bacteria, improve the beneficial granular structure of the soil, increase the content of soil microorganisms, can improve the yield of the mulberry trees, the phoxim particles can effectively prevent the generation of grubs and wireworms, the mixed powder is composed of zeolite, titanium dioxide and attapulgite of porous media, can improve the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil, the method is beneficial to the propagation of microorganisms, can improve the dispersibility of soil and increase the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention; the survival rate of the mulberry seedlings can be effectively improved by soaking the mulberry seedlings with the seedling culture solution before the mulberry seedlings are planted; 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into soil during fertilization, intertillage and ridging, so that purple stripe disease of the mulberry can be effectively prevented, and the influence of insect pests on the mulberry can be reduced by regularly spraying a medicament; through feeding the local chicken in the mulberry field, the local chicken can eat by pests, weeds and fallen mulberry leaves and mulberry fruits in the mulberry field, so that the feeding amount of the local chicken can be reduced, the feeding cost of the local chicken is reduced, the meat quality of the local chicken fed by the mulberry leaves and the mulberry fruits is better, the pests, the weeds, the mulberry leaves and the mulberry fruits in the mulberry field can be treated, the pesticide consumption is reduced, and the situation of more pests can be prevented.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method for reducing diseases and insect pests of mulberries is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting and improving a garden, selecting a mature slope land and a semi-arid paddy field which are aged in soil, deep in soil layer, fertile and loose, sufficient in illumination and strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity, deep ploughing and land preparation by adopting mechanical operation, digging a strip ditch, paving organic fertilizer in the dug strip ditch, adding a modifier into the dug soil, and covering the soil mixed with the modifier back to a deep ditch, wherein the width of the ditch is 30-50cm, the depth of the ditch is 40-60cm, and the row spacing is 110 plus 120 cm;
step two: selecting and processing nursery stocks, namely selecting mulberry varieties with large branch growth amount, strong branching force and strong disease and pest resistance as planting nursery stocks, trimming overlong and withered root systems before planting, keeping the root length at 14-16cm, and then soaking the roots of the mulberry seedlings in a seedling culture solution for 2-4 h;
step three: planting, in spring or autumn, digging 40-60cm deep grooves according to the row spacing, putting the soaked mulberry seedlings into the grooves, stretching the roots of the mulberry seedlings, filling 5-8cm of soil into the grooves, then paving 5-7cm of decomposed organic fertilizer into the grooves, then filling the rest soil into the grooves, keeping the mulberry seedlings 15-20cm high, controlling the germination number to be 2-3, and watering the planting water after planting;
step four: managing a mulberry garden, wherein after mulberry seedlings are planted, the mulberry seedlings are ventilated and transparent, branches and leaves are reasonably trimmed, pinching and strip increasing are timely carried out, drainage and irrigation are carried out, water accumulation in the garden is prevented, first fertilization is carried out when the young tips of the mulberry seedlings grow to 8-10cm, second fertilization is carried out when the young tips grow to 12-15cm, third fertilization is carried out when the mulberry fruits are hung, and meanwhile intertillage and ridging are carried out;
step five: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, wherein before and after mulberry blossoming and in the green fruit period, 1000 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl powder and 1000 times of solution of 25% triazolone wettable powder are uniformly mixed and then are comprehensively sprayed on branches, trunks, leaves, fruits and the ground surface for prevention, the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times every 7-10 days, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into soil during intertillage hilling;
step six: and (3) animal pest control, feeding local chickens in the mulberry field before and after every year of mulberry picking, feeding 150 local chickens in the mulberry field per mu, and carrying out comprehensive disinfection treatment on the mulberry field after the local chickens are fed out of the field to feed the next batch of chicks.
2. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: firstly digging 30-40cm when digging a ditch, then digging 10-20cm, separately stacking the surface soil dug firstly and the core soil dug later, adding a modifier into the dug core soil, placing the core soil into the ditch when covering the dug soil back to the ditch, and then placing the surface soil above the core soil.
3. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the modifier in the first step comprises 400 parts of decomposed farmyard manure 200-one, 40-60 parts of compound fertilizer, 30-50 parts of chitosan, 30-50 parts of 3% phoxim particles and 40-60 parts of mixed powder, and the modifier is obtained by uniformly mixing, stirring and crushing the decomposed farmyard manure, the compound fertilizer, the chitosan, the 3% phoxim particles and the mixed powder.
4. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 3, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the mixed powder comprises zeolite, titanium dioxide and attapulgite, and the weight ratio of the zeolite to the titanium dioxide to the attapulgite is 1: (0.8-1.5): (1.5-2).
5. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the seedling raising solution in the second step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of honeysuckle, 8-15 parts of selfheal, 5-10 parts of liquorice, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 2-6 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2-6 parts of fructus forsythiae and 1-5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii.
6. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 5, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the seedling culture solution comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials in the seedling culture solution, mixing and crushing, adding 200 parts by weight of 150-200 parts by weight of water and 15-25 parts by weight of 80-90% ethanol aqueous solution by mass, carrying out reflux extraction at 60-80 ℃ under reduced pressure for 6-10h, and collecting filtrate obtained by filtering as the seedling culture solution.
7. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, when a groove of 40-60cm is dug, 30-40cm is dug, then 10-20cm is dug, the dug surface soil and core soil are separately stacked, and the surface soil is filled into the groove and then filled with the core soil.
8. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the first fertilization in the fourth step comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 8:1:1, 30-40kg of fertilizer is fertilized per mu, the second fertilization is an organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises 200 parts of human and animal excrement 100-doped materials, 50-80 parts of rice straw, 50-80 parts of wormcast and 30-50 parts of biogas residues, the dosage per mu is 1000-doped materials 1200kg, the third fertilization is a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 5:3:2, and the dosage per mu is 50-70 kg.
9. The planting method for reducing mulberry pest and disease damage according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the adding amount of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder per mu is 2-5kg during intertillage hilling.
10. The preparation method of the planting method for reducing mulberry diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and in the sixth step, the local chickens are driven out of the mulberry field during each intertillage fertilization, and when carbendazim wettable powder is added into the intertillage ridging, the local chickens are driven into the mulberry field 5-7 days after each intertillage ridging.
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Application publication date: 20211029 |