CN108323372B - Frameless cultivation method for grapes based on single steel pipe plastic greenhouse - Google Patents
Frameless cultivation method for grapes based on single steel pipe plastic greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN108323372B CN108323372B CN201810139974.6A CN201810139974A CN108323372B CN 108323372 B CN108323372 B CN 108323372B CN 201810139974 A CN201810139974 A CN 201810139974A CN 108323372 B CN108323372 B CN 108323372B
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- vines
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- mother
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Supports For Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a frameless cultivation method of grapes based on a single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, which is used for planting the grapes in the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse and comprises the following steps: binding nylon ropes by using a crossbeam of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, binding at least 2 nylon ropes at intervals of 20-30cm, wherein the length of the nylon ropes is 30-40 cm away from the surface of the planting field; the cultivation method comprises the steps of grape field planting, sprouting, winter pruning, grape harvesting and the like, wherein the main vines are adopted for updating and pruning after the grapes are harvested, 1 strong branch vine is selected and hung vertically after hidden buds germinate, 5 fruiting parent vines are cultivated on the main vines, and the purpose of facility grape frameless cultivation is achieved by circulating fruiting in the way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a frameless grape cultivation method based on a single steel pipe plastic greenhouse.
Background
Grapes are vines, and are generally shaped by adopting a fence frame or a shed frame when facility rain sheltering cultivation or early cultivation is carried out in south China. No matter the plastic is shaped by adopting the hedge frame or the shed frame, the shoulder height of the greenhouse is required to be more than 1.7 meters, so that the field operation is facilitated. Therefore, the common single steel tube vegetable greenhouse cannot meet the requirements, and a special grape greenhouse with the shoulder height meeting the requirements is needed. The greenhouse special for grapes is structurally characterized in that upright columns are cast among ridges in the greenhouse by concrete, and then supports are erected among the upright columns through concrete casting or wood for climbing and supporting the vines of the grapes. Therefore, the cost is high and the economic benefit is not outstanding.
On the other hand, traditional monomer steel pipe vegetable greenhouse has easily to build, and the cost is low, and the advantage that the anti-wind ability is good. The technical name of the single steel pipe vegetable greenhouse is a single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, which is a greenhouse with a plastic film as a covering material arranged on a greenhouse main body, wherein the greenhouse main body takes a hot galvanized steel pipe as an arch pipe, the shape of the hot galvanized steel pipe is an arc-shaped floor arch, and the arch pipe is longitudinally connected at the arch crown position of the arch pipe through a longitudinal pull rod (also called a crossbeam) to form a stable greenhouse main body structure.
Therefore, the investment cost of the traditional greenhouse special for grapes is far higher than that of a single steel pipe plastic film greenhouse, and the wind resistance of the traditional greenhouse special for grapes is far lower than that of the single steel pipe plastic film greenhouse.
In addition, the traditional common cultivation method has unreasonable control of the cultivation process, so that the quality and the yield of the grapes are not ideal.
Therefore, there is a need to improve this.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a method for cultivating grapes in a single steel pipe plastic greenhouse.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is to plant grapes in a single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps: binding nylon ropes by using a crossbeam of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, binding at least 2 nylon ropes at intervals of 20-30cm, wherein the length of the nylon ropes is 30-40 cm away from the surface of the planting field;
the cultivation method comprises the following steps: after field planting and sprouting of grapes, selecting and reserving 1 strong grape branch and vine, hanging the vine by using a nylon rope, pinching when the grape branch and vine vertically grows upwards to 150-155 cm, selecting and reserving 5 auxiliary tips between 40-120 cm from the ridge surface, picking when the grape branch and vine vertically grows upwards to 150 cm by using the nylon rope, wiping all the auxiliary tips on the grape branch and vine, and culturing to obtain a fruit mother vine;
when the vines are pruned in winter, long tips are adopted for pruning, the vines are hung upright on the central bearing mother vines, and the rest 4 bearing mother vines are respectively arranged at two sides of the central bearing mother vines and are hung obliquely; after the fruiting mother vines sprout, 2 fruiting vines are reserved for each fruiting mother vine, the vines are obliquely hung, 2 fruit ears are reserved for each fruiting vine, 20 fruit ears are reserved for 1 grape, about 20 kg of fresh grape fruits are reserved, and about 2400 kg of fresh grape fruits are produced per mu;
after the grapes are harvested, the main vines are adopted for updating and pruning, 1 strong branch vine is selected and left after the hidden buds germinate, the vines are hung upright, 5 fruiting mother vines are cultured on the branches, and the fruiting is circulated in the way, so that the purpose of facility grape frameless cultivation is achieved.
The method further comprises the following steps:
(1) building a garden: in autumn and winter, making 3 ridges with the width of 150 cm on the ridge surface under 3 crossbeams of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse;
(2) planting: after the fallen leaves of grape seedlings are dormant in winter, field planting is carried out, strong grape seedlings are field planted on the central line of the ridge, the plant spacing is 200 cm, and about 120 grape seedlings are planted per mu;
(3) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: adopting a mulching film under-drip irrigation technology, irrigating and fertilizing, wherein the fertilizers are liquid organic fertilizers and soluble inorganic fertilizers, the irrigation amount, the irrigation frequency, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing frequency are respectively applied according to the characteristics of the grapes needing water and fertilizers in different phenological periods, high-quality decomposed organic fertilizers and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied once every 2 years, 3000 kilograms of organic fertilizers and 120 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied per mu, ditching and applying are carried out in winter, and meanwhile, underground root systems are trimmed;
(4) shaping and trimming: selecting 1 strong grape vine after grape germination, picking when the grape vine grows vertically upwards to 150 cm, selecting 5 auxiliary tips between 40 and 120 cm from the surface of the ridge, picking when the grape vine grows vertically upwards to 150 cm, erasing all the auxiliary tips, and culturing to obtain a fruit mother vine; when pruning is carried out in winter, long branches are adopted for pruning, the central bearing mother vines are vertically hung, the other 4 bearing mother vines are respectively arranged at two sides of the central bearing mother vines, and the vines are obliquely hung; after the fruiting mother vines sprout, 2 fruiting vines are reserved for each fruiting mother vine, the vines are hung obliquely, 2 clusters are reserved for each fruiting vine, 20 clusters are reserved for 1 grape, about 20 kilograms of fresh grape fruits are reserved, and about 2400 kilograms of fresh grape fruits are produced per mu; after the grapes are harvested, the main vines are adopted for updating and pruning, 1 strong branch vine is selected and left after the hidden buds germinate, the vines are hung upright, 5 fruiting mother vines are cultured on the branches, and the fruiting is circulated in the way, so that the purpose of facility grape frameless cultivation is achieved.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the special common planting greenhouse does not need to be built, and concrete columns do not need to be cast on ridge shoulders to build the grape vine support, so that the planting cost is greatly reduced.
(2) Adopt the very ripe monomer steel pipe hot house of prior art to carry out ordinary planting to as climbing support through the nylon rope, set up through the concrete process steps of this application simultaneously, realize ordinary continuous no support production, economic benefits is showing, and traditional big-arch shelter is reformed transform and is planted the grape very conveniently.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout reference diagram of a single steel pipe plastic greenhouse of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below.
The terms of direction and position of the present invention, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "top", "bottom", "side", etc., refer to the direction and position of the attached drawings. Accordingly, the use of directional and positional terms is intended to illustrate and understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) building a garden: in autumn and winter, 3 ridges are formed under the height standards of 3 crossbeams 12 of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, and the ridge surface width is 150 cm; the shoulder height of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse is not less than 1.7m, so that the grape planting is facilitated. The single steel pipe plastic greenhouse can be built by taking the existing national or regional single steel pipe plastic greenhouse standard as reference. As shown in fig. 1, the greenhouse main body 1 is a dome 11 made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipes, the shape of the dome is an arc floor arch, the arch is longitudinally connected with the dome through longitudinal pull rods (also called girders 12) to form a stable greenhouse main body structure, nylon ropes 13 are bound with the girders 12 of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, at least 2 nylon ropes are bound at intervals of 20-30cm, and the length of the nylon ropes is 30-40 cm from the ridge surface of the planting field;
(2) planting: after the fallen leaves of grape seedlings are dormant in winter, field planting is carried out, strong grape seedlings are field planted on the central line of the ridge, the plant spacing is 200 cm, and about 120 grape seedlings are planted per mu;
(3) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: adopting a mulching film under-drip irrigation technology, irrigating and fertilizing, wherein the fertilizers are liquid organic fertilizers and soluble inorganic fertilizers, the irrigation amount, the irrigation frequency, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing frequency are respectively applied according to the characteristics of the grapes needing water and fertilizers in different phenological periods, high-quality decomposed organic fertilizers and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied once every 2 years, 3000 kilograms of organic fertilizers and 120 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied per mu, ditching and applying are carried out in winter, and meanwhile, underground root systems are trimmed;
(4) shaping and trimming: selecting 1 strong grape vine after grape germination, picking when the grape vine grows vertically upwards to 150 cm, selecting 5 auxiliary tips between 40 and 120 cm from the surface of the ridge, picking when the grape vine grows vertically upwards to 150 cm, erasing all the auxiliary tips, and culturing to obtain a fruit mother vine; when pruning is carried out in winter, long branches are adopted for pruning, the central bearing mother vines are vertically hung, the other 4 bearing mother vines are respectively arranged at two sides of the central bearing mother vines, and the vines are obliquely hung; after the fruiting mother vines sprout, 2 fruiting vines are reserved for each fruiting mother vine, the vines are hung obliquely, 2 clusters are reserved for each fruiting vine, 20 clusters are reserved for 1 grape, about 20 kilograms of fresh grape fruits are reserved, and about 2400 kilograms of fresh grape fruits are produced per mu; after the grapes are harvested, the main vines are adopted for updating and pruning, 1 strong branch vine is selected and left after the hidden buds germinate, the vines are hung upright, 5 fruiting mother vines are cultured on the branches, and the fruiting is circulated in the way, so that the purpose of facility grape frameless cultivation is achieved.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for cultivating grapes in a plastic greenhouse by using single steel pipes without a frame is characterized by comprising the following steps: grape planting is carried out in a single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps: binding nylon ropes by using a crossbeam of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse, binding at least 2 nylon ropes at intervals of 20-30cm, wherein the length of the nylon ropes is 30-40 cm away from the surface of the planting field;
the upper end of the nylon rope is fixed on a girder of the greenhouse, and the lower end of the nylon rope naturally droops;
the cultivation method comprises the following steps: after field planting and sprouting of grapes, selecting and reserving 1 strong grape branch and vine, hanging the vine by using a nylon rope, pinching when the grape branch and vine vertically grows upwards to 150-155 cm, selecting and reserving 5 auxiliary tips between 40-120 cm from the ridge surface, picking when the grape branch and vine vertically grows upwards to 150 cm by using the nylon rope, wiping all the auxiliary tips on the grape branch and vine, and culturing to obtain a fruit mother vine;
when the vines are pruned in winter, long tips are adopted for pruning, the vines are hung upright on the central bearing mother vines, and the rest 4 bearing mother vines are respectively arranged at two sides of the central bearing mother vines and are hung obliquely; after the fruiting mother vines sprout, 2 fruiting vines are reserved for each fruiting mother vine, the vines are obliquely hung, 2 fruit ears are reserved for each fruiting vine, 20 fruit ears are reserved for 1 grape, about 20 kg of fresh grape fruits are reserved, and about 2400 kg of fresh grape fruits are produced per mu;
after the grapes are harvested, the main vines are adopted for updating and pruning, 1 strong branch vine is selected and left after the hidden buds germinate, the vines are hung upright, 5 fruiting mother vines are cultured on the branches, and the fruiting is circulated in the way, so that the purpose of facility grape frameless cultivation is achieved.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) building a garden: in autumn and winter, making 3 ridges with the width of 150 cm on the ridge surface under 3 crossbeams of the single steel pipe plastic greenhouse;
(2) planting: after the fallen leaves of grape seedlings are dormant in winter, field planting is carried out, strong grape seedlings are field planted on the central line of the ridge, the plant spacing is 200 cm, and about 120 grape seedlings are planted per mu;
(3) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: adopting a mulching film under-drip irrigation technology, irrigating and fertilizing, wherein the fertilizers are liquid organic fertilizers and soluble inorganic fertilizers, the irrigation amount, the irrigation frequency, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing frequency are respectively applied according to the characteristics of the grapes needing water and fertilizers in different phenological periods, high-quality decomposed organic fertilizers and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied once every 2 years, 3000 kilograms of organic fertilizers and 120 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied per mu, ditching and applying are carried out in winter, and meanwhile, underground root systems are trimmed;
(4) shaping and trimming: selecting 1 strong grape vine after grape germination, picking when the grape vine grows vertically upwards to 150 cm, selecting 5 auxiliary tips between 40 and 120 cm from the surface of the ridge, picking when the grape vine grows vertically upwards to 150 cm, erasing all the auxiliary tips, and culturing to obtain a fruit mother vine; when pruning is carried out in winter, long branches are adopted for pruning, the central bearing mother vines are vertically hung, the other 4 bearing mother vines are respectively arranged at two sides of the central bearing mother vines, and the vines are obliquely hung; after the fruiting mother vines sprout, 2 fruiting vines are reserved for each fruiting mother vine, the vines are hung obliquely, 2 clusters are reserved for each fruiting vine, 20 clusters are reserved for 1 grape, about 20 kilograms of fresh grape fruits are reserved, and about 2400 kilograms of fresh grape fruits are produced per mu; after the grapes are harvested, the main vines are adopted for updating and pruning, 1 strong branch vine is selected and left after the hidden buds germinate, the vines are hung upright, 5 fruiting mother vines are cultured on the branches, and the fruiting is circulated in the way, so that the purpose of facility grape frameless cultivation is achieved.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810139974.6A CN108323372B (en) | 2018-02-11 | 2018-02-11 | Frameless cultivation method for grapes based on single steel pipe plastic greenhouse |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810139974.6A CN108323372B (en) | 2018-02-11 | 2018-02-11 | Frameless cultivation method for grapes based on single steel pipe plastic greenhouse |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108323372A CN108323372A (en) | 2018-07-27 |
| CN108323372B true CN108323372B (en) | 2020-01-14 |
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| CN201810139974.6A Expired - Fee Related CN108323372B (en) | 2018-02-11 | 2018-02-11 | Frameless cultivation method for grapes based on single steel pipe plastic greenhouse |
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Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202354158U (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-08-01 | 和县蔬菜技术指导服务站 | Duplex daylight greenhouse |
| CN104186270B (en) * | 2014-08-02 | 2016-06-01 | 新疆生产建设兵团第四师农业科学研究所 | A kind of facility grape Forcing cultivation method |
| CN105993824A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-10-12 | 卢庆荣 | Method for planting grapes |
| CN107637377A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-01-30 | 成都农彩农业有限公司 | A kind of grape cultivation method high liftoff 1.45m |
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