CN104604408A - Open water permeating irrigation method used for crop culture of flue-cured tobacco seedling culture greenhouse - Google Patents
Open water permeating irrigation method used for crop culture of flue-cured tobacco seedling culture greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open water permeating irrigation method used for crop culture of a flue-cured tobacco seedling culture greenhouse. Man-made soil culture is utilized in the flue-cured tobacco seedling culture greenhouse, a solution dissolved with certain concentration of nutrient is permeated into man-made soil to supply crop growth, continuous and enough moisture and nutrient supply is kept for crops, and the growth temperature of the crops is adjusted. The method comprises three manners suitable for different types of crops: 1, under-water-level multidirectional permeating method; 2, moisture-passing-bottom-layer permeating method; 3, man-made soil permeating method. The open water permeating method better solves the problem that the crops with longer high-temperature period are larger in water consumption, then is particularly suitable for follow-up utilization of the flue-cured tobacco greenhouse, absorbs the advantages of soil culture, soilless culture, surface irrigation and drop irrigation, overcomes the defects, obviously enlarges the crop root system size, reduces the rhizosphere temperature, promotes crop growth, obviously reduces substrate and fertilizer cost, and is wide in application, flexible in manner, simple to operate, and obvious in benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of irrigation method for the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern tobacco agriculture, a large amount of seedling raising greenhouse has been built in national each tobacco leaf producing region in succession, for flue-cured tobacco intensive seedling production provides important facility guarantee.Tobacco workshop floating seedlings have intensive degree high, save seedbed; Simplify the management of cigarette seedling, improve planting percent; Reduce and transplant the advantage such as recruitment, shortening seedling-slowing stage, there is wide development and application prospect.But due to the seasonality of, leaf tobacco production, most of cigarette facility purposes is single, and standby time is long, and maintenance cost is high, these assets are caused to produce seasonal idle.Cause stealthy waste.Not only reduce assets utilization efficiency, waste valuable land resources.Do seedling raising greenhouse comprehensive utilization well, suiting measures to local conditions to fully utilize nursery workshop can cultivate with short production cycle by productive assets facility, flowers and the safety of high financial profit are high, agricultural chemicals endangers low organic vegetable class, can not only make full use of can productive assets, widen tobacco leaf cooperative society and increase income channel, solve the funds source problem that nursery workshop renewal of facility is safeguarded, increase nursery workshop and toast workshop service life and efficiency, because flue-cured tobacco booth ground is consolidation soil layer or cement flooring, later use does not have available soil, simultaneously, for preventing damage by disease and insect, cigarette seedling is infected, entering the sterilization of booth material to external world requires strict, the artificial soil not having damage by disease and insect to pollute can only be introduced.Crop grows in the artificial soil not having seepage, substantially fertilizer loss is not had, flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse cultivation crop is under enclosed environment, extraneous damage by disease and insect can be cut off infect, and the matrix of plant growth is not polluted, moisture needed for plant growth, from well water or running water, can not use or minimally use agricultural chemicals, the method of not only cultivating is green, environmental protection, does not produce soil and groundwater source and pollutes.And the organic vegetable class safety of cultivation is high, agricultural chemicals harm is low, has ensured that edible crowd's is healthy, adds rural area employment, decreases land resources waste.Thus utilize flue-cured tobacco booth to carry out crop genetics, in production green, environmental protection agricultural product, also general organic farming facility hardly matches.
But, flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse facility needs to set up according to flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating completely, flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating mainly carries out in the winter time, Facilities Construction requires to be mainly insulation, temperature control, facility is firm and simple, and the later use of seedling raising greenhouse main spring, summer, to carry out in the period in autumn, the crop such as planting, vegetables is easily subject to temperatures involved under summer, Autumn Climate.Between the 7-9 megathermal period month, in seedling raising greenhouse, in the long term of space, the maximum air temperature is more than 40 DEG C, and booth surface temperature a lot of period is up to more than 50 DEG C, and in booth, temperature is higher, and water evaporation quantity is larger.But greenhouse cultivation plant growth water relies on artificial supply completely, if use sprinkling irrigation method, not only recruitment cost is very high, and sprinkling irrigation easily causes crop root temperature and moisture content change acutely, has a strong impact on plant growth.Although use drip irrigation to have water saving, economize fertile, saving of labor, easy control temperature and humidity advantage, the shortcoming that drip irrigation has higher, the easy blocking of cost, may cause salt accumulation, moisture distribution is irregular and k-index develops.
And greenhouse temperature luffing is excessive, booth evaporation from land surface speed and Crop transpirstion effect change acutely, add drip irrigation runoff investigation difficulty.Between the 7-9 megathermal period month, not only drip irrigation regulates limited to substrate temperature, easily causes root system early ageing, and droping irrigating pipe is easier significantly reduces service life because of high temperature ageing.These are all reducing drip irrigation advantage in varying degrees, limit drip irrigation and use on greenhouse cultivation crop.
Although the flue-cured tobacco booth comprehensive utilization project implementation for many years, due to the existence of the problems referred to above, this project is never made a breakthrough at promoted extension and obtaining in benefit etc.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned drawback, technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of suitable irrigation method, solves the water supply problem of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation.In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is, for the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, comprise flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, it is characterized in that, utilize artificial soil to cultivate, the solution being dissolved with finite concentration nutrient is infiltrated in artificial soil and supplies plant growth, keep crop to continue, sufficient moisture and nutrient supply, regulating crop growth temperature; Described artificial soil is that (described seedling medium can be Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium or flowers and trees seedling medium etc. to seedling medium, the configuration such as bacterium slag after the general employing peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite, charing husk, fermentation), the not contaminated loess of mistake and the mixture of cake fertilizer, wherein the consumption of loess accounts for 10 ~ 60% of artificial soil cumulative volume, the consumption of cake fertilizer accounts for 3 ~ 10% of artificial soil cumulative volume, artificial soil unit weight 0.4 ~ 1.0g/cm
3, the content of organic matter is 16 ~ 26%.
The method comprises the three kinds of modes adapting to different classes of crop:
1. multi-faceted osmosis below water level: be applicable to the cultivation liking water melon (cucumber, sponge gourd etc.); Raise seedling in greenhouse pond heelpiece has film, and film upper storage reservoir water keeps 1 ~ 8cm degree of depth; (described seepage of water material is as Fibre Bag for artificial soil seepage of water material, non-woven bag etc.) parcel formation planter units, several planter units are placed in Chi Shuizhong, and each planter units water surface implants crop seedling the seepage of water material of upper part to be arranged some openings;
The method utilizes the adaptability of plant growth, bear water root and autochthonal at different conditions respectively, plant growth desired nutritional and moisture are by the autochthonal root system of growth in artificial soil and penetrate described seepage of water material and stretch into aquatic Root Absorption in water, two kinds of root systems complement each other, and significantly increase root absorbing area; Meanwhile, the planter units that artificial soil is formed with seepage of water material parcel, can significantly reduce artificial soil bare area, thus reduces ground damage by disease and insect propagation and remain; Moisture is by the following fiber of the water surface or non-woven fabrics infiltration, and the nutrition of melon seedling provides primarily of fertilizer soluble in water, and other cultivation step is identical with field.
Its typical method for optimizing is: the ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 6:3.2:0.8 mixed, load in Fibre Bag, fasten fiber sack and put into the nursery pond pond water being lined with film, more each Fibre Bag is respectively cut two mouths, implant a strain melon seedling for each mouthful.
2. moisture is by bottom osmosis: be suitable for, intolerant to waterlogging higher to moisture supply requirement, not easily grow the flowers of water root and the cultivation of vegetables (as epipremnum aureum, water spinach etc.); The container being provided with bottom outlet or kerve is placed in the Chi Shuizhong in the nursery pond of underlay film, Chi Shuizhong dissolves in fertilizer, and it is dark that depth of water remains on 1 ~ 6 ㎝, and container loads artificial soil, crop is planted in the artificial soil in container, and moisture and nutrient infiltrate for plant growth by bottom outlet or kerve;
Its typical method for optimizing is: the ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 8:1.2:0.8 mixed, the flowerpot implanting epipremnum aureum is put into Chi Shuizhong, the moisture of epipremnum aureum and nutrient supply mainly infiltrate artificial soil from the groove bottom flowerpot, hole, and 7 ~ 10 days spray once.
Conventional method epipremnum aureum cultivation needs once spray for 2 ~ 3 days.
3. artificial soil osmosis: the crop genetics (as epipremnum aureum, three-coloured amaranth, water spinach etc.) being suitable for small volume; Raise seedling in greenhouse pond is divided into mutually isolated water reserve and growing area; In growing area, crop is planted in the artificial soil of underlay film; Moisture in water reserve and nutrient introduce the artificial soil of growing area, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by introducing point; Described introducing refers to by capillary suction or from a high position and flows downstream into.
Its typical method for optimizing is: the ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 5:4.5:0.5 is mixed into artificial soil, artificial soil is laid on and has padded in the nursery pond growing area of film, crop is planted in artificial soil, artificial soil keeps certain slope difference or offers some grooves, oozes under being beneficial to moisture; Nursery pond water reserve adds the moisture being dissolved in fertilizer, and isolates with growing area; Moisture in water reserve and nutrient introduce the artificial soil of growing area, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by introducing point; The described mode introduced employing capillary suction or flow downstream into from a high position:
Capillary suction mode: at the intersection of water reserve, raise seedling in greenhouse pond and growing area, the cloth connecting water reserve and growing area artificial soil is set, by the suction-operated of cloth, the water being dissolved in fertilizer is infiltrated in artificial soil continuously, then infiltrates into whole artificial soil by permeation site;
The mode that a high position flows downstream into: at the intersection of water reserve, raise seedling in greenhouse pond and growing area, the water stream channel connecting water reserve and growing area artificial soil is set, by physical features difference of height, the water being dissolved in fertilizer is continuously flowed in artificial soil, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by inflow point.Thus keep artificial soil moisture and the sufficient and even supply of nutrient, promote plant growth.
Open fire osmosis is between soil cultivation and soilless culture, open fire osmosis is used not only to adapt to this respect needs, and the larger problem of longer megathermal period crop wager requirements during better solving flue-cured tobacco booth later use, be thus specially adapted to flue-cured tobacco booth later use.Its major part absorbs soil cultivation and soilless culture to a great extent, the advantage of surface irrigation and drip irrigation, and overcome its shortcoming, remarkable expansion crop root volume, reduce Rhizosphere temperature, promote plant growth, significantly reduce matrix and fertilizer cost, and be widely used, mode is flexible, simple to operate, remarkable benefit.Although use open fire osmosis raise crop water consumption comparatively large, temperature required to regulating crop growth, ensure that needed for plant growth, moisture is necessary.In sum, open fire osmosis is used to have following beneficial effect:
1. significantly reduce matrix and fertilizer cost
Use open fire osmosis cultivation leafy vegetables similar to soil cultivation, the root system grown in artificial soil is also similar to autochthonal, thus the loess of a large amount of not contaminated mistake can be mixed, have also been enlarged Root growing space while expanding artificial soil volume, and artificial soil can carry out multicroping within the year.The crops such as open fire osmosis cultivated cucumber, sponge gourd are except volume in artificial soil increases, also has the growth of a large amount of water root, thus the vegetable root system volume of open fire osmosis cultivation is used to be significantly higher than conventional substrate cultivation, the cake fertilizer that absorbing capacity is cultivated higher than conventional substrate and mixed and loess can supplement certain nutrition, thus require high less than water culture to the fertilizer formula applied, significantly can reduce fertilizer cost.
2. significantly reduce fertilising and recruitment of watering
Use open fire osmosis cultivation fertilising and water waterborne, fertilizer only need will dissolve in moisture suction pond by greengrocery, or to regulate moisture penetration speed just can, water supply intensity is better than surface irrigation or suitable with surface irrigation, output is more sufficient than drip irrigation, is better than drip irrigation or suitable with drip irrigation for water stability.The melon water fertilizing that waters only needs 5-10 days once, and simple to operate, and epipremnum aureum waters water fertilizing can once reduce to 7-10 days with the last time from 2-4 days, can reduce fertilising and recruitment of watering to greatest extent.Avoid the drawback that drip irrigation facility investment is huge, operating cost is high simultaneously.
3. significantly regulate temperature and humidity
Use the cultivation of open fire osmosis owing to there being one deck open fire at the bottom of pond, or by continual moisture penetration, can significantly reduce at the bottom of booth pond and space temperature, increase humidity, reduce high temperature to crop damage.Particularly Rhizosphere temperature is lower and more stable, promotes Root Absorption, delays Senescence of Root System.Although use the cultivation of open fire osmosis, crop growth environment temperature is still higher than field; But the method still by the close regulating crop growth temperature to greatest extent of moisture, can meet Crop transpirstion effect to water demand.
4. significantly promote plant growth, improve output, improve effects
Use that the vegetable root system volume of open fire osmosis cultivation significantly increases, improving activity of root system is strong, moisture and nutrient supply sufficient and balanced, high-temperature damage degree significantly alleviates, and facilitates vegetable growth, extends vegetables to abound with the phase, adds output.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
For the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, in flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, utilize artificial soil to cultivate, the solution being dissolved with finite concentration nutrient is infiltrated in artificial soil and supplies plant growth, keep crop to continue, sufficient moisture and nutrient supply, regulating crop growth temperature; Described artificial soil is Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium, the not contaminated loess of mistake and the mixture of cake fertilizer, Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium adopts configuration, the wherein consumption of loess such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite, charing husk, the rear bacterium slag of fermentation to account for 10 ~ 60% of artificial soil cumulative volume, the consumption of cake fertilizer accounts for 3 ~ 10% of artificial soil cumulative volume, artificial soil unit weight 0.4 ~ 1.0g/cm
3, the content of organic matter is 16 ~ 26%.
The method comprises the three kinds of modes adapting to different classes of crop:
1. multi-faceted osmosis below water level is used for the cultivation of cucumber: raise seedling in greenhouse pond heelpiece has film, and film upper storage reservoir water keeps 1 ~ 8cm degree of depth; The ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 6:3.2:0.8 is mixed, load in Fibre Bag, fasten fiber sack and put into the nursery pond pond water being lined with film, more each Fibre Bag is respectively cut two mouths, implant a strain cucumber seedling for each mouthful.
2. moisture is used for the cultivation of epipremnum aureum by bottom osmosis: the ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 8:1.2:0.8 mixed, flowerpot loads artificial soil, the flowerpot implanting epipremnum aureum is put into the Chi Shuizhong of the nursery pond of underlay film, flowerpot is provided with bottom outlet or kerve, Chi Shuizhong dissolves in fertilizer, it is dark that depth of water remains on 1 ~ 6 ㎝, and moisture and nutrient are infiltrated for plant growth by bottom outlet or kerve and spray once for 7 ~ 10 days.
3. artificial soil osmosis is used for water spinach cultivation: raise seedling in greenhouse pond is divided into mutually isolated water reserve and growing area; The ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 5:4.5:0.5 is mixed into artificial soil, artificial soil is laid on and has padded in the nursery pond growing area of film, water spinach is planted in artificial soil, artificial soil keeps certain slope difference or offers some grooves, oozes under being beneficial to moisture; Nursery pond water reserve adds the moisture being dissolved in fertilizer, and isolates with growing area; Moisture in water reserve and nutrient introduce the artificial soil of growing area, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by introducing point; The described mode introduced employing capillary suction or flow downstream into from a high position:
Capillary suction mode: at the intersection of water reserve, raise seedling in greenhouse pond and growing area, the cloth connecting water reserve and growing area artificial soil is set, by the suction-operated of cloth, the water being dissolved in fertilizer is infiltrated in artificial soil continuously, then infiltrates into whole artificial soil by permeation site;
The mode that a high position flows downstream into: at the intersection of water reserve, raise seedling in greenhouse pond and growing area, the water stream channel connecting water reserve and growing area artificial soil is set, by physical features difference of height, the water being dissolved in fertilizer is continuously flowed in artificial soil, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by inflow point.Thus keep artificial soil moisture and the sufficient and even supply of nutrient, promote plant growth.
Through measuring, the cucumber maximum blade width of cultivating and length are respectively 37 ㎝ and 31 ㎝, and Cucumber weight is the heaviest is 612g/, are all significantly higher than drip irrigation cultivation and sprinkling irrigation cultivation (table 1) in booth.Water spinach average weight reaches 20g/ strain (sprinkling irrigation mode control group average weight 10g/ strain; Drip irrigation control group average weight 16g/ strain).Epipremnum aureum is cut out to transplant and once shortened to 24 days once by 32 days interval time.
Different Irrigation method plantation cucumber effect in table 1 flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth
(nursery workshop, unit rice seedling bed, base, liuyang hunan Shashi in 2014)
| Sprinkling method | Maximum width of blade (㎝) | The long (㎝ of maximum leaf) | Maximum melon heavy (g) |
| Open fire osmosis | 37 | 31 | 612 |
| Drip irrigation | 31 | 27 | 480 |
| Sprinkling irrigation | 27 | 25 | 309 |
The above-mentioned implementation that the present invention describes is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention is clearly described, and can not be interpreted as and make any restriction to the present invention.The present invention has known multiple alternative or distortion in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from essential meaning of the present invention, all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. for the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, comprise flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, it is characterized in that, artificial soil is utilized to cultivate, the solution being dissolved with finite concentration nutrient is infiltrated in artificial soil and supplies plant growth, keep crop to continue, sufficient moisture and nutrient supply, regulating crop growth temperature; Described artificial soil is seedling medium, the not contaminated loess of mistake and the mixture of cake fertilizer, and wherein the consumption of loess accounts for 10 ~ 60% of artificial soil cumulative volume, and the consumption of cake fertilizer accounts for 3 ~ 10% of artificial soil cumulative volume, artificial soil unit weight 0.4 ~ 1.0g/cm
3, the content of organic matter is 16 ~ 26%;
The method comprises the three kinds of modes adapting to different classes of crop:
One. multi-faceted osmosis below water level: be applicable to like the melon cultivation of water; Raise seedling in greenhouse pond heelpiece has film, and film upper storage reservoir water keeps 1 ~ 8cm degree of depth; Artificial soil seepage of water material parcel formation planter units, several planter units are placed in Chi Shuizhong, and each planter units water surface implants crop seedling the seepage of water material of upper part to be arranged some openings;
Two. moisture is by bottom osmosis: be suitable for, intolerant to waterlogging higher to moisture supply requirement, not easily grow the flowers of water root and the cultivation of vegetables; The container being provided with bottom outlet or kerve is placed in the Chi Shuizhong in the nursery pond of underlay film, Chi Shuizhong dissolves in fertilizer, and it is dark that depth of water remains on 1 ~ 6 ㎝, and container loads artificial soil, crop is planted in the artificial soil in container, and moisture and nutrient infiltrate for plant growth by bottom outlet or kerve;
Three. artificial soil osmosis: the crop genetics being suitable for small volume; Raise seedling in greenhouse pond is divided into mutually isolated water reserve and growing area; In growing area, crop is planted in the artificial soil of underlay film; Moisture in water reserve and nutrient introduce the artificial soil of growing area, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by introducing point; Described introducing refers to by capillary suction or from a high position and flows downstream into.
2. as claimed in claim 1 for the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, it is characterized in that, below described water level in multi-faceted osmosis, the ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 6:3.2:0.8 is mixed, load in Fibre Bag, fasten fiber sack and put into the nursery pond pond water being lined with film, more each Fibre Bag is respectively cut two mouths, implant a strain melon seedling for each mouthful.
3. as claimed in claim 1 for the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, it is characterized in that, described moisture is by bottom osmosis, the ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 8:1.2:0.8 is mixed, the flowerpot implanting epipremnum aureum is put into Chi Shuizhong, the moisture of epipremnum aureum and nutrient supply mainly infiltrate artificial soil from the groove bottom flowerpot, hole, and 7 ~ 10 days spray once.
4. as claimed in claim 1 for the open fire infiltration irrigation method of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse crops cultivation, it is characterized in that, in described artificial soil osmosis, the ratio of the loess of seedling medium and not contaminated mistake and cake fertilizer by volume 5:4.5:0.5 is mixed into artificial soil, artificial soil is laid on and has padded in the nursery pond growing area of film, planted by crop in artificial soil, artificial soil keeps certain slope difference or offers some grooves, oozes under being beneficial to moisture; Nursery pond water reserve adds the moisture being dissolved in fertilizer, and isolates with growing area; Moisture in water reserve and nutrient introduce the artificial soil of growing area, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by introducing point; The described mode introduced employing capillary suction or flow downstream into from a high position:
Capillary suction mode: at the intersection of water reserve, raise seedling in greenhouse pond and growing area, the cloth connecting water reserve and growing area artificial soil is set, by the suction-operated of cloth, the water being dissolved in fertilizer is infiltrated in artificial soil continuously, then infiltrates into whole artificial soil by permeation site;
The mode that a high position flows downstream into: at the intersection of water reserve, raise seedling in greenhouse pond and growing area, the water stream channel connecting water reserve and growing area artificial soil is set, by physical features difference of height, the water being dissolved in fertilizer is continuously flowed in artificial soil, then infiltrate into whole artificial soil by inflow point.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105104001A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 刘良教 | Organic vegetable cultivation system |
| CN108811970A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-11-16 | 金华市鸿讯机械工程技术有限公司 | Greenhouse gardening environmental monitoring warning device |
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| CN101531551A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-09-16 | 谢德平 | Tobacco floating seed rearing culture medium reproduction process |
| CN103355151A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-10-23 | 四川农业大学 | Matrix for tobacco float breeding |
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| CN108811970A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-11-16 | 金华市鸿讯机械工程技术有限公司 | Greenhouse gardening environmental monitoring warning device |
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| CN104604408B (en) | 2016-10-05 |
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