CN115362893A - Method for cultivating corn in slope farmland - Google Patents
Method for cultivating corn in slope farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN115362893A CN115362893A CN202211195106.2A CN202211195106A CN115362893A CN 115362893 A CN115362893 A CN 115362893A CN 202211195106 A CN202211195106 A CN 202211195106A CN 115362893 A CN115362893 A CN 115362893A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating corn in slope farmland, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: planting corns 8-12 cm away from one side of the ridge surface, planting leguminous crops in furrows and on the sides of ridges, and harvesting the leguminous crops when the corns are mature; and in the next year, planting the corns on the other side of the ridge surface, after the corns are harvested, not harvesting the leguminous crops, and turning over and pressing the leguminous crops to return to the field when soil preparation is carried out in spring of the third year. The method for planting the corns on the slope farmland can effectively reduce water and soil loss, resist drought and preserve soil moisture, improve soil fertility and economic benefit, and has important significance for the development of the ecological environment of the slope farmland and the improvement of the economic income of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating corn in sloping farmland.
Background
The soil in the northeast black soil area has high organic matter content and fertile soil, and is suitable for crop growth. However, due to long-term single planting and traditional farming modes, the content of organic matters in black soil is greatly reduced, the productivity of farmlands is reduced by more than 1/5, and in addition, the typical diffuse-river hillock landforms in the black soil areas in northeast China have large rainfall in summer, so that the water loss and soil erosion of farmlands are aggravated, the plough layers are thinned, the soil moisture stress is aggravated, the grain yield is further reduced, and the economic income of farmers is reduced. Therefore, the problem of water and soil loss in the black soil area of northeast China is one of the problems to be solved urgently in the protective cultivation of the black soil area of northeast China.
The corn ridge side soil moisture conservation cultivation technology is used as a main corn cultivation technology in northeast black soil areas, particularly in eastern mountain areas of Jilin province, due to the advantages of simple operation, labor and time conservation, large yield increase potential and the like. However, after years of field practice, the technology has certain defects in production, and due to long-term ridge side cultivation, deep ploughing of soil is not carried out, so that the plough layer of the soil is thickened, and the plough layer is thinned. In addition, the mode of continuous planting for many years can cause the air permeability of soil to be poor, the soil structure is virtual and true, and the deep growth of the corn root system is seriously limited.
Therefore, the development of a high-value cultivation method for high-ridge-side ecology of the corns in the slope farmland is an important way for realizing the stable and high yield of the corns and the sustainable development of agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating corn in slope farmland, which adopts high ridging of corn and the like, single-side planting of ridge surfaces, and intercropping of covering crops and corn by using an intercropping technology, thereby achieving the effects of preserving water and soil moisture and preventing water and soil flowing, saving cost and increasing benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for cultivating corn in a slope farmland, which comprises the following steps: planting corns 8-12 cm away from one side of the ridge surface, planting leguminous crops in furrows and on the sides of ridges, and harvesting the leguminous crops when the corns are mature; in the next year, the corns are planted on the other side of the ridge surface, after the corns are harvested, the leguminous crops are not harvested, and when the soil is prepared in spring in the third year, the leguminous crops are turned over and pressed and returned to the field.
Preferably, the leguminous crop comprises one of vetch, dolichos lablab L, alfalfa, sweet clover and sesbania.
Preferably, when the temperature of a plough layer of 5-10 cm of soil is more than 10 ℃, the corn and the leguminous crops are sowed.
Preferably, the corn seeding density is 5 to 7 ten thousand plants per hectare.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the leguminous crops is 40-60 kg/hm 2 。
Preferably, the corn seeds and the leguminous crop seeds are aired for 2 to 3 days before sowing.
Preferably, the corn seeds are dressed with a 20% triazolone emulsifiable seed coating agent before sowing.
Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the corn seeds to the seed coating agent is 1.
Preferably, the ridge distance is set to be 55-70 cm, the ridge height is 10-18 cm, and the ridge surface width is 35-45 cm.
Preferably, the soil is prepared before the corn is planted, and the soil is prepared according to the distance of 30-45 m 3 /hm 2 Applying 15-20 kg/667m of organic fertilizer 2 And applying the compound fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) The invention provides a planting mode with equal height for ridging and single side of ridge surface, aiming at the problem that the slope farmland in the hilly area of low mountains is easy to cause water and soil loss. On one hand, by ridging at equal height, water flow is prevented from carrying plough layer soil to flow down along the ridges, so that water blocking ridges are formed among the ridges, water and fertilizer are favorably preserved, water erosion of runoff on the plough layer is slowed down, and water and soil loss is prevented; on the other hand, through the cultivation on the ridge side, only one side of the ridge is disturbed, the other side is in an idle state in the same year, the cultivation quality is improved, alternate planting every other year, stubble ploughing and land cultivation are performed alternately, and the land utilization rate can be obviously improved through a mode of combining the land with the soil cultivation.
(2) According to the invention, only one-side soil is disturbed by a ridge surface single-side planting mode, so that the inhabitation environment of microorganisms in the soil can be protected to the maximum extent, the microbial population structure is stabilized, the number of beneficial bacteria is increased, the soil activity is improved, the ecological stability of the crop rhizosphere environment is improved, and the soil fertility is improved.
(3) The invention can increase the infiltration of precipitation and reduce the generation of surface runoff by intercropping the cover crops in the furrows and the sides of the ridges, thereby lightening the soil erosion and achieving the purpose of preventing water and soil loss. The covering crops (or the covering crop stubble) can effectively cover the soil, reduce the evaporation on the surface of the soil and keep the moisture of the soil. In addition, the covered crops are not harvested in the second year, and are turned, pressed and returned to the field, so that soil organic matters are increased, and the soil is improved. The cover crops of the invention are annual leguminous crops which have nitrogen fixation function, can provide nitrogen sources for main crops and mineralize and absorb soil nutrition to reduce fertilizer cost, thereby achieving the purposes of saving cost and improving efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cultivation mode of corn on the equal-height ridge side;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high-ridge-side cultivation field for corn in slope farmland according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows the corn yield (T: adopted, CK: not adopted) of the sloping field by the equal-height ridge side cultivation method as that of the sloping field not adopted;
FIG. 4 shows the productivity effect of the cultivation method on the same ridge side as that of the cultivation method not used in the slope farmland (T: adopted, CK: not adopted).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for cultivating corn in a slope farmland, which comprises the following steps: planting corns at a position 8-12 cm away from one side of a ridge surface, planting leguminous crops on furrows and sides of ridges, and harvesting the leguminous crops when the corns are mature; and in the next year, planting the corns on the other side of the ridge surface, after the corns are harvested, not harvesting the leguminous crops, and turning over and pressing the leguminous crops to return to the field when soil preparation is carried out in spring of the third year. Preferably, the corns are planted at the position 9-10 cm away from one side of the ridge surface. According to the invention, by ridging at equal height, water flow is prevented from carrying plough layer soil to flow down along the ridges, so that water blocking ridges are formed among the ridges, water and fertilizer are favorably preserved, water erosion of the plough layer by runoff is slowed down, and water and soil loss is prevented; through ridge side farming, only carry out the disturbance to one side of ridge, the opposite side is in idle state in the year, has improved the arable land quality, alternate planting every other year in addition, the mode that the stubble-reversing was no longer ploughed, and the land utilization ratio can be showing to improve with the mode that the soil culture combined together. According to tests, the application of the method for cultivating the high-ridge sides of the slope farmland corns in the invention has the advantage that the yield and the production benefit of the corns are higher than those of the corns cultivated in the conventional cultivation mode.
In the invention, the leguminous crop comprises one of vetch, dolichos lablab L, alfalfa, sweet clover and sesbania. The invention selects annual leguminous crops, has strong vitality and regeneration capacity, is resistant to extensive management, can effectively prevent breeding of other weeds, and can increase infiltration of rainfall and reduce surface runoff by intercropping the leguminous crops at furrows and ridge sides, thereby lightening soil erosion and achieving the purpose of preventing water and soil loss. In addition, the cover crops (or the cover crop stubble) can effectively cover the soil, reduce the evaporation on the surface of the soil and keep the moisture of the soil. In the present invention, after the leguminous crop is harvested in the first year, it can be used as silage or green manure treatment; in the second year, leguminous crops are not harvested, and are turned over and pressed to return to the field, so that the organic matters of the soil can be increased, and the soil can be improved.
In the invention, when the plough layer temperature of 5-10 cm of soil is above 10 ℃, the corn and leguminous crops are sowed. Preferably, when the temperature of the plough layer of the soil with the thickness of 6-8 cm is more than 10 ℃, the corn and the leguminous crops are sowed. The invention selects proper soil temperature to sow the corn and leguminous crops, which is beneficial to the germination of the crops and promotes the growth and development of the corn root system.
In the present invention, the corn seeding density is 5 to 7 ten thousand plants per hectare. Preferably, the seeding density is 5.5 to 6.5 ten thousand plants per hectare; more preferably, the seeding density is 6 ten thousand plants per hectare. In the invention, the corn sowing mode is manual dibbling or mechanical sowing. The method optimizes the seeding density of the corn, ensures the growth environment of the corn on the ridge of the slope farmland and improves the yield of the corn.
In the invention, the sowing quantity of the leguminous crops is 40-60 kg/hm 2 . Preferably, the seeding rate is 45-55 kg/hm 2 (ii) a More preferably, the seeding rate is 50kg/hm 2 . In the invention, the sowing mode of the leguminous crops is manual scattering. The invention optimizes the seeding amount of leguminous crops, plays a role in water retention and soil moisture conservation, and does not compete with corn for nutritionAnd (4) dividing.
In the invention, before sowing, the corn seeds and the leguminous crop seeds are aired for 2-3 days. According to the invention, before sowing, seeds of corn and leguminous crops are planted in the sun, and pathogenic bacteria spores adhered to the seeds can be killed by utilizing solar ultraviolet rays, so that diseases brought by the seeds are prevented and reduced; meanwhile, the water content of the seeds can be effectively reduced, the water absorption capacity of the seeds is enhanced, and germination and seedling emergence are promoted.
In the invention, before sowing, the corn seeds are dressed with the 20% triazolone missible oil seed coating agent. The invention adopts 20% triazolone emulsifiable concentrate seed coating agent to seed corn seeds, can effectively prevent and control diseases such as corn silk smut and the like, ensures the sound growth of corn sprouts and promotes the development of corn root systems.
In the invention, the mass volume ratio of the corn seeds to the seed coating agent is 1. Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio is 1. More preferably, the mass to volume ratio is 1.
In the invention, the ridge distance is set to be 55-70 cm, the ridge height is 10-18 cm, and the ridge surface width is 35-45 cm. Preferably, the ridge distance is set to be 60-65 cm, the ridge height is 12-15 cm, and the ridge surface width is 38-40 cm. According to the invention, by ridging at equal height, water flow is prevented from carrying plough layer soil to flow down along the ridges, so that water blocking ridges are formed among the ridges, water and fertilizer are favorably preserved, water erosion of the plough layer by runoff is slowed down, and water and soil loss is prevented.
In the invention, the soil is prepared before the corn is planted, and the soil is prepared according to the distance of 30-45 m 3 /hm 2 Applying organic fertilizer in 15-20 kg/667m 2 And applying the compound fertilizer. Preferably, the soil preparation is carried out according to the length of 35-40 m 3 /hm 2 Applying 16-18 kg/667m of organic fertilizer 2 And applying the compound fertilizer. In the invention, the organic fertilizer is applied to the field after being fully decomposed; the compound fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The invention applies base fertilizer in soil preparation, takes organic fertilizer as main material and compound fertilizer as auxiliary material, can ensure nutrition required by growth and development of corn, and avoids additional fertilizer in the whole growth period.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Test site: liaoyuan city, jilin province; test materials: the corn variety is Jidan 109
A method for cultivating corn in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation, equal height ridging and fertilizer application
(1) According to local corn planting habits, when the soil temperature meets the requirements of agricultural production activities, performing spring soil preparation;
(2) After soil preparation, harrowing, ridging at the same height and compacting are carried out, the ridge distance is set to be 65cm, the ridge height is 15cm, and the ridge surface width is 40cm;
(3) Applying base fertilizer while preparing soil, wherein the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 45m 3 /hm 2 (ii) a The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 20kg/667m 2 。
2. Variety selection and seed treatment
(1) The corn seeds should be selected from the Gemini 109 which has good lodging resistance, strong disease and pest resistance, high yield and good quality; selecting annual Lacroton for the cover crop;
(2) Before sowing, respectively airing the corn and the semen crotonis pulveratum for 2 days, and then dressing the corn seeds with 20% triazolone missible oil, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 40ml per 1kg of the seeds.
3. Seeding
When the plough layer temperature of 5-10 cm soil is stabilized above 10 ℃, sowing the corns and the dolichos lablab L, wherein the corns are sowed at a position 10cm away from one side of the ridge surface, and the sowing density is 6.5 ten thousand plants per hectare; the seeding rate of the dolichos lablab L is 60kg/hm 2 。
4. Management of field
The management operations such as topdressing, watering and the like are not carried out in the whole growth period.
5. Harvesting
After the corn is mature, harvesting, leaving stubbles, and separating the rest straws from the field for treatment.
6. Lambda processing
After the corn stalks leave the field, the dolichos lablab L is harvested and used as silage or green manure for treatment.
7. Planting next year
Repeating the steps two to four in the next year, but sowing the corn 10cm away from the other side of the ridge surface.
8. Harvesting in next year
(1) And F, harvesting the corns, and repeating the step five.
(2) And (3) continuing to grow the dolichos lablab L without harvesting, covering the dolichos lablab L residue on the ground surface along with seasonal changes, and turning and pressing the dolichos lablab L residue to return to the field when the soil is prepared in the spring of the third year.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is: in the first step, the ridge distance is set to be 55cm, the ridge height is 10cm, the ridge surface width is 35cm, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is: in the first step, the ridge distance is set to be 70cm, the ridge height is 18cm, the ridge surface width is 45cm, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is: the dosage of the organic fertilizer in the step one is 30m 3 /hm 2 (ii) a The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 15kg/667m 2 The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is: the dosage of the organic fertilizer in the step one is 35m 3 /hm 2 (ii) a The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 18kg/667m 2 Otherwise, the same as in example 1.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is: selecting alfalfa as the cover crop in the second step, wherein the seeding rate in the third step is 45kg/hm 2 The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is: in the second step, sweet clover is selected as the cover crop, and the sowing amount in the third step is 40kg/hm 2 The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 8
The difference from example 1 is: sesbania is selected as the cover crop in the second step, and the seeding amount in the third step is 60kg/hm 2 The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is: in the second step, the covering crops are selected from the vetch seeds, and the sowing quantity in the third step is 60kg/hm 2 Otherwise, the same as in example 1.
Example 10
The difference from example 1 is: in the second step, the dosage of the seed coating agent is 30ml per 1kg of seeds, and the rest is the same as that of the seed coating agent in the first step.
Example 11
The difference from example 1 is: in the second step, the dosage of the seed coating agent is 50ml per 1kg of seeds, and the rest is the same as that of the seed coating agent in the first step.
Example 12
The difference from example 1 is: the third step and the seventh step should be carried out on the corn seeds 8cm away from the ridge surface, the seeding density of the corn seeds in the third step is 5 ten thousand plants per hectare, and the rest is the same as that in the example 1.
Example 13
The difference from example 1 is: the third step and the seventh step should be carried out on the corn seeds 12cm away from the ridge surface, the seeding density of the corn seeds in the third step is 7 ten thousand plants per hectare, and the rest is the same as that in the example 1.
Comparative example 1
1. Soil preparation and fertilization
(1) According to local corn planting habits, when the soil temperature meets the requirements of agricultural production activities, performing spring soil preparation;
(2) Harrowing, ridging and compacting after soil preparation, wherein the ridge distance is set to be 70cm, the ridge height is 15cm, and the ridge surface width is 40cm;
(3) Applying base fertilizer while preparing soil, wherein the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 45m 3 /hm 2 (ii) a The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 30kg/667m 2 。
2. Variety selection and seed treatment
(1) The corn seeds should be selected from the Gemini 109 which has good lodging resistance, strong disease and pest resistance, high yield and good quality;
(2) Before sowing, the corn seeds are respectively aired for 2 days, then the corn seeds are mixed with 20 percent triazolone missible oil, and the dosage of the seed coating agent is 40ml per 1kg of the seeds.
3. Seeding
When the plough layer temperature of 5-10 cm soil is stabilized above 10 ℃, the corn is sowed in the middle position of the ground, and the sowing density is 6.5 ten thousand plants per hectare.
4. Field management
The management operations such as topdressing, watering and the like are not carried out in the whole growth period.
5. Harvesting
After the corn is mature, harvesting, leaving stubbles, and separating the rest straws from the field for treatment.
And (3) field test results:
after the cultivation method in the embodiment 1 of the invention is applied, the corn yield and the production benefit are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and it can be seen from the figure that after the cultivation method of the invention in the embodiment 1 (T) of the invention for high ridge side corn in slope farmland is applied, the corn yield and the production benefit are both higher than those of the plot (CK in the figure) of the comparative example 1 without the application of the high ridge side cultivation method. The result shows that the cultivation technology can effectively improve economic benefit, and has important significance for the development of ecological environment of sloping farmland and improving the economic income of farmers.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating corn in a sloping farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps: planting corns at a position 8-12 cm away from one side of a ridge surface, planting leguminous crops on furrows and sides of ridges, and harvesting the leguminous crops when the corns are mature; in the next year, the corns are planted on the other side of the ridge surface, after the corns are harvested, the leguminous crops are not harvested, and when the soil is prepared in spring in the third year, the leguminous crops are turned over and pressed and returned to the field.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the legume comprises one of vetch, tiglium, alfalfa, sweet clover, and sesbania.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the corn and the legume are sown when the temperature of a plough layer of 5 to 10cm of soil is 10 ℃ or higher.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the corn seeding density is 5 to 7 ten thousand plants per hectare.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the seeding rate of the leguminous crops is 40-60 kg/hm 2 。
6. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the corn seeds and the leguminous crop seeds are sun-cured for 2 to 3 days before sowing.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the corn seeds are dressed with a 20% triazolone emulsifiable seed coating before sowing.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the mass volume ratio of the corn seeds to the seed coating agent is 1.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridge spacing is set to 55-70 cm, the ridge height is 10-18 cm, and the ridge surface width is 35-45 cm.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the corn is prepared before planting, and the soil is prepared to 30-45 m 3 /hm 2 Applying 15-20 kg/667m of organic fertilizer 2 Applying the compound fertilizer.
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2022
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| CN102948348A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-03-06 | 湖南农业大学 | Multi-cropping cultivation method for rice with low agricultural consumption period, rice and winter crops under rice ladder type cultivation |
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