CN110337854A - It is a kind of that method is cultivated based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow - Google Patents
It is a kind of that method is cultivated based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow Download PDFInfo
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- CN110337854A CN110337854A CN201910739486.3A CN201910739486A CN110337854A CN 110337854 A CN110337854 A CN 110337854A CN 201910739486 A CN201910739486 A CN 201910739486A CN 110337854 A CN110337854 A CN 110337854A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
Method is cultivated based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow the present invention provides a kind of, comprising the following steps: each agrarian zone is divided into straw-returning and lain fallow area and growing area by a, with 9 behavior, one agrarian zone；B, after First Year autumn harvest corn, whole stalks that agrarian zone harvests is smashed to length and are less than 10cm, then stalk rotation is swept, collect capable and lies fallow area to straw-returning, be laid in straw-returning and lie fallow the earth's surface in area；C, the next spring sows 6 row corns in growing area；D, 7 ~ August of second year, by straw-returning lie fallow area carry out subsoiling, rotary tillage；E, it after the next autumn harvest corn, re-starts straw-returning and lies fallow the division of area and growing area；F, the operation of circulation step b ~ e, to complete the maintenance of lying fallow of 1 whole agricultural land soil for every 3 years.The present invention takes specific ground mulching straw-returning mode, and straw-returning is carried out simultaneously with lying fallow, and is accelerated straw decomposition, is reduced rainwash and soil erosion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, relate in particular to a kind of based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow cultivation
Method.
Background technique
Caused for a long time with devoting exclusive attention to output for the high chemical fertilizer investment of target, unreasonable farming, densification cropping pattern
The decline of arable soil organic matter, fertility reduce, crop yield not synergy, and straw-returning is that fertilizing soil is most direct, most economical
Technological approaches.But the prior art generallys use in a manner of the straw-returning based on turning over, on the one hand this mode will appear
Harvest corn evening in autumn, soil can not carry out straw-returning operation or autumn progress straw-returning after freezing after, due to winter gas
The problems such as low straw decomposition of temperature is slow, influences spring sowing, emergence, this is particularly evident in the area of the very colds such as northeast；It is another
Aspect stalk is turned over year after year to bury, and accelerates the loss of mollic, causes barren soil, and Fig. 1 is because year after year using the straw turned over
Stalk returning to the field mode and the picture for causing soil to be seriously lost.It can be seen from the above, existing straw-returning mode is not only difficult to obtain
The effect of ideal fertilizing soil, also affects normal spring sowing, and accelerate soil losses, therefore, seeks a kind of better straw
Stalk returning to the field cultivation mode and cultivated land protection method are of great significance, this is also urgently to be solved during the Northeast currently produces
Technical problem.
Summary of the invention
Method is cultivated based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of, to solve existing cultivation
The problem that mode straw decomposition is slow, soil losses quickening and improvement of soil fertility effect are undesirable.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of based on the straw-returning cultivation side intermittently lain fallow
Method, comprising the following steps:
It a, is several agrarian zones by milpa divided by row, each 9 row of agrarian zone, by each agrarian zone, divided by row is stalk again
Returning to the field is lain fallow area and growing area, wherein straw-returning area of lying fallow is 3 rows, and growing area is 6 rows；
B, after First Year autumn harvest corn, whole corn stovers that agrarian zone harvests is smashed to length and are less than 10cm, then
Stalk rotation is swept, collect capable and lies fallow area to straw-returning, straw-returning is laid in and lies fallow the earth's surface in area；
C, the corn stubble in 6 row growing areas is smashed into rear subsoiling, rotary tillage, ridging with Stubble cleaner, to the next spring, planted
6 row corns are sowed in area；
D, straw-returning area of lying fallow is taken subsoiling, rotary tillage mode, the stalk of decomposition is all mixed into soil by 7 ~ August of second year；
E, it after the next autumn harvest corn, lies fallow area using 3 rows in original seed growing area as new straw-returning, original seed growing area
Other 3 row and former straw-returning lie fallow area together as new growing area；
F, the operation of circulation step b ~ e, to complete the maintenance of lying fallow of 1 whole agricultural land soil for every 3 years.
In step c, it is 5 ~ 8cm that 6 row growing areas, which are smashed earth's surface 5cm root stubble below to length with Stubble cleaner, then deep
Pine, rotary tillage, ridging enter state to be sowed.
In step c, when planting early ripening maize kind, thickness of sowing is that intermediate 2 every trades are applied away from 65cm, spacing in the rows 20cm
Fertilizer amount is N fertilizer 55 ~ 65 kg/ha, P2O5 25~30 kg/ha、K2O 10~15 kg/ha；4 every trade of both sides away from 65cm, spacing in the rows 16 ~
18cm, dose are N fertilizer 120 ~ 140 kg/ha, P2O5 55~60 kg/ha、K2O 25~30 kg/ha；
When planting Mid-late ripening corn variety, thickness of sowing is intermediate 2 every trades away from 60cm, 24 ~ 26cm of spacing in the rows, dose N
40 ~ 55 kg/ha, P of fertilizer2O5 25~35 kg/ha、K2O 15~20 kg/ha；4 every trade of both sides is applied away from 60cm, 22 ~ 24cm of spacing in the rows
Fertilizer amount is N fertilizer 100 ~ 120 kg/ha, P2O5 60~70 kg/ha、K2O 40~50 kg/ha。
The milpa refers to the arable land of Northeast Area of China.
The invention has the following advantages:
One, the present invention solves the problems, such as straw-returning hardly possible, and for producing the big crop of stalk amount, such as corn stover can be continuously more
Year not from field, all gives back soil, greatly reduces stalk as fuel and organic fertilizer resource and carries out the labours such as secondary packing, compost
The problem of being required to substantial contribution investment with long distance transportation etc.；
Two, straw-returning is carried out simultaneously with lying fallow, and is realized and is combined the use of land with the nurturing of land, have every year the cultivated area of one third into
Row is lain fallow and straw-returning, and 1 circulation of increasing soil fertility of lying fallow can be completed within 3 years；
Three, the solid native effect of water conservation, takes specific ground mulching straw-returning mode, improving straw mulching region is lain fallow and Minimal and zero tillage
It carries out simultaneously, has not only accelerated stalk itself decomposition, but also reduce farming and the frequent of soil, depth are disturbed, reduce soil erosion,
Effective protection mollic；
Four, the thickness of sowing for taking specific Bian Zengzhong to subtract, and cooperate specific fertilizer applications, it is logical not only to substantially increase field
Wind translucency, make corn yield it is steady in have increasing, while realize fertilising and stalk fertilizing organically combine, while guaranteeing yield,
It promotes soil quality constantly, and is more suitable for large area mechanization, scale and gently simplifies operation；
Five, it is directed to different zones soil types, spring or autumn of the invention can carry out, and especially rainy, soil glues in the fall
Weight, machinery can not be under conditions of operations, and may be selected spring carries out, and flexibility is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to carry out the photo that stalk turns over soil erosion situation after returning to the field year after year using the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the division farming schematic diagram that the present invention ploughs between 3 years.
Fig. 3 is the arable land photo using different times when maize planting of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is promoted and applied in Heilongjiang Province Bao Quanling and Hailin City, wherein the ridge Bao Quan is ploughed for Baijiang soil
Ground, Hailin City are carbonic acid salt meadow soil arable land, using intermittent returning to the field mode farming of lying fallow of the invention, are specifically included following
Step:
A, will arable land divided by row be several agrarian zones, each 9 row of agrarian zone, by each agrarian zone again divided by row be stalk also
It lies fallow area and growing area in field, wherein straw-returning area of lying fallow is 3 rows, and growing area is 6 rows.
B, after First Year autumn harvest corn, whole corn stovers that agrarian zone harvests is smashed to length and are less than 10cm,
Then stalk rotation swept, collect capable and lies fallow area to straw-returning, be laid in straw-returning and lie fallow the earth's surface in area.
C, earth's surface 5cm root stubble below is smashed 6 row growing areas to length to Stubble cleaner is 5 ~ 8cm, then subsoiling, rotation
It ploughs ridging and enters state to be sowed；To the next spring, 6 row corns are sowed in growing area.Wherein, the ridge Bao Quan maize planting is
Early-maturing variety, thickness of sowing are intermediate 2 every trades away from 65cm, and spacing in the rows 20cm, dose is N fertilizer 55 ~ 65 kg/ha, P2O5 25~
30 kg/ha、K2O 10~15 kg/ha；4 every trade of both sides is 120 ~ 140 kg/ of N fertilizer away from 65cm, 16 ~ 18cm of spacing in the rows, dose
ha、P2O5 55~60 kg/ha、K2O 25~30 kg/ha.Hailin City maize planting is middle-late ripening variety, during thickness of sowing is
Between 2 every trades away from 60cm, 24 ~ 26cm of spacing in the rows, dose is N fertilizer 40 ~ 55 kg/ha, P2O5 25~35 kg/ha、K2O 15~20
kg/ha；4 every trade of both sides is N fertilizer 100 ~ 120 kg/ha, P away from 60cm, 22 ~ 24cm of spacing in the rows, dose2O5 60~70 kg/ha、
K2O 40~50 kg/ha。
D, the second year 7-8 month straw-returning area of lying fallow is taken into subsoiling, rotary tillage mode, the stalk of decomposition is all mixed into
Soil；
E, it after the next autumn harvest corn, lies fallow area using 3 rows in original seed growing area as new straw-returning, original seed growing area
Other 3 row and former straw-returning lie fallow area together as new growing area.
F, the operation of circulation step b ~ e, to complete the maintenance of lying fallow of 1 whole agricultural land soil for every 3 years.It ploughs between 3 years
Division farming schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 2, in figure, dark color indicates growing area, and light color indicates that straw-returning is lain fallow area.Using this hair
The straw decomposition situation of bright maize planting, substantially can be complete after straw-returning of the present invention as shown in figure 3, as seen from Figure 3
Decomposition has significant advantage than existing straw-returning mode.
Cropping pattern of the invention and other two kinds of present modes are compared, wherein mode 1 is conventional farming and straw
Returning to the field, mode 2 are not that existing stalk turns over returning to the field farming to stalk, and mode 3 is tillage system reform of the invention, by the yield of three modes
United analysis is carried out with soil physico-chemical index.Wherein, as shown in table 1, soil physico-chemical index changes such as 2 institute of table for corn yield variation
Show.
Table 1:
Table 2:
The result shows that two kinds of straw-returning modes are compared with stalk, returning to the field, Baijiang soil corn yield do not increase by 19.01% averagely, meadow soil
Corn yield averagely increases by 9.39%；Intermittent returning to the field of lying fallow relatively turns over straw-returning, and Baijiang soil corn yield averagely increases
3.91%, meadow soil yield averagely increases by 4.07%；Soil nutrient content variation is shown as, and two kinds of straw-returning modes are not compared with stalk
Returning to the field, Baijiang soil organic matter, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium averagely improve 2.77%, 9.22%, 12.55%, 22.64%
With 8.23%, meadow soil organic matter, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium averagely improve 5.20%, 6.94%, 9.72%, 8.99%
With 13.97%, intermittent lie fallow and turns over influence of the straw-returning to soil nutrient index at returning to the field, although difference is not in the short time
Greatly, but intermittent returning to the field of lying fallow relatively turns over straw-returning Baijiang soil and the meadow soil soil weight reduces 0.04g/cm respectively3、
0.06g/cm3 , field capacity increase by 4.65%, 5.20%.By combining the use of land with the nurturing of land, intermittent returning to the field of lying fallow is native to increasing
The earth content of organic matter improves the soil water and supports storage capacity, promotes soil quality and has great importance.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of cultivate method based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow, characterized in that the following steps are included:
It a, is several agrarian zones by milpa divided by row, each 9 row of agrarian zone, by each agrarian zone, divided by row is stalk again
Returning to the field is lain fallow area and growing area, wherein straw-returning area of lying fallow is 3 rows, and growing area is 6 rows；
B, after First Year autumn harvest corn, whole corn stovers that agrarian zone harvests is smashed to length and are less than 10cm, then
Stalk rotation is swept, collect capable and lies fallow area to straw-returning, straw-returning is laid in and lies fallow the earth's surface in area；
C, the corn stubble in 6 row growing areas is smashed into rear subsoiling, rotary tillage, ridging with Stubble cleaner, to the next spring, planted
6 row corns are sowed in area；
D, straw-returning area of lying fallow is taken subsoiling, rotary tillage mode, the stalk of decomposition is all mixed into soil by 7 ~ August of second year；
E, it after the next autumn harvest corn, lies fallow area using 3 rows in original seed growing area as new straw-returning, original seed growing area
Other 3 row and former straw-returning lie fallow area together as new growing area；
F, the operation of circulation step b ~ e, to complete the maintenance of lying fallow of 1 whole agricultural land soil for every 3 years.
2. according to claim 1 cultivate method based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow, characterized in that in step c, 6 rows
It is 5 ~ 8cm that growing area, which is smashed earth's surface 5cm root stubble below to length with Stubble cleaner, and then subsoiling, rotary tillage, ridging enter wait broadcast
Kind state.
3. according to claim 1 cultivate method based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow, characterized in that in step c,
When planting early ripening maize kind, thickness of sowing is intermediate 2 every trades away from 65cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, dose be N fertilizer 55 ~
65 kg/ha、P2O5 25~30 kg/ha、K2O 10~15 kg/ha；4 every trade of both sides is away from 65cm, 16 ~ 18cm of spacing in the rows, dose
N fertilizer 120 ~ 140 kg/ha, P2O5 55~60 kg/ha、K2O 25~30 kg/ha；
When planting Mid-late ripening corn variety, thickness of sowing is intermediate 2 every trades away from 60cm, 24 ~ 26cm of spacing in the rows, dose N
40 ~ 55 kg/ha, P of fertilizer2O5 25~35 kg/ha、K2O 15~20 kg/ha；4 every trade of both sides is applied away from 60cm, 22 ~ 24cm of spacing in the rows
Fertilizer amount is N fertilizer 100 ~ 120 kg/ha, P2O5 60~70 kg/ha、K2O 40~50 kg/ha。
4. according to claim 1 cultivate method based on the straw-returning intermittently lain fallow, characterized in that the milpa refers to
The arable land of Northeast Area of China.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110637536A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-01-03 | 孙福来 | Rotary cultivator and cultivation method |
| CN110637692A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-03 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Wheat stubble and millet minimum tillage simplified planting technology |
| CN113079965A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 吉林省亿方农业有限公司 | Planting method for planting field |
| CN113316987A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 | Method for returning straws to field and fertilizing soil plough layer |
| CN113396661A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Water-heat comprehensive regulation and control method for dry farmland fertilizer in freeze thawing area |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110637692A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-03 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Wheat stubble and millet minimum tillage simplified planting technology |
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| CN113396661A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Water-heat comprehensive regulation and control method for dry farmland fertilizer in freeze thawing area |
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