CN113141984A - Method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of swamp cabbage by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying - Google Patents
Method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of swamp cabbage by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying Download PDFInfo
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- CN113141984A CN113141984A CN202110236145.1A CN202110236145A CN113141984A CN 113141984 A CN113141984 A CN 113141984A CN 202110236145 A CN202110236145 A CN 202110236145A CN 113141984 A CN113141984 A CN 113141984A
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- 240000008436 Ipomoea aquatica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 241000051984 Blepharidachne Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 241000223782 Ciliophora Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 235000001601 Sabal palmetto Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 26
- 235000019004 Ipomoea aquatica Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 244000018436 Coriandrum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002787 Coriandrum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying, which relates to the technical field of soil remediation and specifically comprises the following operation steps: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting and preparing arsenic-polluted soil: collecting polluted soil from arsenic-polluted farmlands or vegetable bases, air-drying, removing impurities and boxing; and step two, intercropping and planting ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in a greenhouse and spraying a calcium fertilizer. The mode of utilizing soil arsenic hyper-enrichment plant ciliate desert grass to jointly horticulture measure leaf surface spraying calcium fertilizer improves the extraction efficiency of hyper-accumulation plant to soil arsenic, reduces the accumulation amount of arsenic in water spinach simultaneously, and then realizes the effect of soil restoration and water spinach safety production, solves the problem that the soil arsenic of facility agriculture vegetable cultivation in China is moderately slightly polluted, does not carry out intercropping with arsenic hyper-enrichment plant and water spinach, hardly ensures the safety of vegetable production, and simultaneously restores and utilizes polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to soil remediation, in particular to a method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying.
Background
The facility cultivation promotes the vegetable production in China, and great social and economic benefits are obtained, but due to the use of the arsenic-containing fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and other factors, the arsenic in the soil is continuously accumulated and obviously exceeds the background value of the soil, even reaches the mild or moderate pollution degree, the water spinach is used as a vegetable which is frequently ingested by residents in China, and aiming at the mild and moderate pollution of arsenic in the facility agricultural vegetable cultivation soil in China, the arsenic hyper-enriched plants and the water spinach are not intercropped, the safety of vegetable production is difficult to ensure, the polluted soil is difficult to be simultaneously restored and utilized, the existing soil arsenic restoration mostly adopts a single physical, chemical or biological restoration method, and an efficient restoration method and an efficient planting technology are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of swamp cabbage by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying comprises the following operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting and preparing arsenic-polluted soil: collecting polluted soil from arsenic-polluted farmlands or vegetable bases, air-drying, removing impurities and boxing;
step two, intercropping and planting ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in a greenhouse and spraying a calcium fertilizer: transplanting ciliate desert-grass seedlings into greenhouse soil, harvesting the ciliate desert-grass seedlings for three months, intercropping ciliate desert-grass and swamp cabbage of a variety with low arsenic accumulation into the greenhouse soil again, and setting three control groups;
step three, harvesting and processing vegetables: after planting, harvesting the water spinach, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample of the three control groups planted for 1.5 months and 3 months respectively for processing and analyzing;
step four, measuring the arsenic content in the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach: quantitatively weighing the soil, the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach sample powder in different harvesting periods and different treatments respectively, finally calculating the arsenic content (mg kg-1 dry weight) in the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach after a series of operation treatments, comparing three groups of treatment groups in different harvesting periods, and analyzing the difference of the arsenic content in the soil and the water spinach when the ciliate desert-grass is planted and calcium is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the polluted soil is collected from an arsenic-polluted farmland or a vegetable base, after air drying, impurities are removed, the soil passes through a 2mm screen, after uniform mixing, the soil is subpackaged into plastic basins (60cm long, 30cm wide and 20cm deep).
As a further scheme of the invention: three control groups in step two, namely: planting ciliate desert-grass group; ② intercropping the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach; ③ intercropping coupling foliage spray calcium between ciliate desert-grass and water spinach. After the vegetables germinate and grow for 2 weeks, the water-soluble calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves of the third group, and the frequency of spraying calcium on the leaves is set to be 100mg Ca L-1 solution sprayed 2-4 times a week and 100mL Ca L-1 solution is sprayed in each pot.
As a further scheme of the invention: respectively harvesting and planting the water spinach, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample of the groups of the first, the second and the third in 1.5 months and 3 months in the third step, respectively cleaning the water spinach, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample by tap water and pure water in sequence, freezing the water spinach and the soil sample in a refrigerator at a temperature of between 22 ℃ below zero and 26 ℃ for 23 to 25 hours, carrying out freeze drying by using a freeze dryer, fully drying the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach, and grinding the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach into powder by using a food grinder so as to achieve the purpose of uniformly mixing.
As a still further scheme of the invention: weighing 0.2g of sample powder of the soil, the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach in different harvesting periods and different treatments respectively in the fourth step, wherein a series of operations in the fourth step comprise firstly adding 9-11 mL of 1:1(V: V) HNO3, putting the mixture into a graphite furnace digestion instrument, and digesting for about 5 hours at the temperature of 104-; after cooling, adding 1.8mL-2.2mL of H2O2, placing the mixture into an ink furnace digestion instrument, and continuously digesting the mixture at the temperature of 104-; diluting the digestion solution to 20mL by using pure water, and diluting by 10 times after filtering; and then measuring the content of arsenic in the digestion solution by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is characterized in that a mode of spraying calcium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of a soil arsenic hyper-enrichment plant ciliate desert-grass combined gardening measure is utilized to improve the extraction efficiency of the hyper-enrichment plant on the soil arsenic, reduce the accumulation amount of the arsenic in the water spinach, enable the removal rate of mild arsenic pollution in facility agricultural vegetable continuous cropping soil to reach more than 50%, realize production and repair while forming a combined repair technology of super-enrichment plant-low accumulation vegetable-leaf surface spraying calcium in the mild arsenic pollution in the facility agricultural vegetable continuous cropping soil, further realize the effects of soil repair and safe production of the water spinach, solve the problems that the soil arsenic in the facility agricultural vegetable cultivation soil is moderately lightly polluted in China, do not carry out intercropping on the arsenic hyper-enrichment plant and the water spinach, and are difficult to ensure the safety of vegetable production and repair and utilize the polluted soil while.
The invention provides a new measure and means for the safe production of restoring soil arsenic and water spinach, provides scientific basis for the future popularization of efficient soil arsenic restoration and water spinach planting technology, and provides a new strategy for solving the problems of soil arsenic pollution and arsenic human health hazard.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block structure diagram of a method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying includes the following embodiments:
example 1
The method comprises the following operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting and preparing arsenic-polluted soil: collecting contaminated soil from arsenic contaminated farmland or vegetable base, air drying, removing impurities, packaging, air drying, removing impurities, sieving with 2mm sieve, mixing, and packaging into plastic pots (60cm long, 30cm wide, and 20cm deep);
step two, intercropping and planting ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in a greenhouse and spraying a calcium fertilizer: transplanting ciliate desert-grass seedlings into greenhouse soil, harvesting the ciliate desert-grass seedlings for three months, intercropping ciliate desert-grass and swamp cabbage of a variety with low arsenic accumulation into the greenhouse soil again, and setting three control groups, namely: planting ciliate desert-grass group; ② intercropping the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach; ③ intercropping coupling foliage spray calcium between ciliate desert-grass and water spinach. After the vegetables germinate and grow for 2 weeks, starting to spray water-soluble calcium fertilizer on the leaves of the third group, wherein the frequency of spraying calcium on the leaves is set as 100mg Ca L-1 solution sprayed 2 times a week and 100mL Ca L-1 solution is sprayed in each pot each time;
step three, harvesting and processing vegetables: after planting, harvesting the swamp cabbage, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample which are planted for 1.5 months and 3 months respectively, cleaning the swamp cabbage, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample with tap water and pure water respectively, freezing the swamp cabbage and the ciliate desert-grass in a refrigerator at the temperature of-22 ℃ for 23 to 25 hours, freeze-drying the swamp cabbage and the ciliate desert-grass by using a freeze dryer, fully drying the swamp cabbage and the coriander, and grinding the swamp cabbage and the ciliate desert-grass into powder by using a food grinder to achieve the purpose of uniform mixing;
step four, measuring the arsenic content in the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach: respectively and quantitatively weighing sample powder of soil, ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in different harvesting periods and different treatments, weighing the sample powder of the soil, ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in different harvesting periods and different treatments to be respectively 0.2g, and after a series of operation treatments, firstly adding 9mL of 1:1(V: V) HNO3 into the sample powder, putting the sample powder into a graphite furnace digestion instrument, and digesting the mixture for about 5 hours at 104 ℃; after cooling, adding 1.8mL of H2O2, putting into an ink furnace digestion instrument, and continuously digesting at 104 ℃ until the residual amount of digestion liquid is less than 1 mL; diluting the digestion solution to 20mL by using pure water, and diluting by 10 times after filtering; and then measuring the content of arsenic in the digestion solution by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), finally calculating the content of arsenic (mg kg-1 dry weight) in the ciliate desert-grass and the swamp cabbage, comparing the three treatment groups in different harvesting periods, and analyzing the content difference of arsenic in soil and the swamp cabbage caused by planting ciliate desert-grass and spraying calcium to leaf surfaces.
Example 2
The method comprises the following operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting and preparing arsenic-polluted soil: collecting contaminated soil from arsenic contaminated farmland or vegetable base, air drying, removing impurities, packaging, air drying, removing impurities, sieving with 2mm sieve, mixing, and packaging into plastic pots (60cm long, 30cm wide, and 20cm deep);
step two, intercropping and planting ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in a greenhouse and spraying a calcium fertilizer: transplanting ciliate desert-grass seedlings into greenhouse soil, harvesting the ciliate desert-grass seedlings for three months, intercropping ciliate desert-grass and swamp cabbage of a variety with low arsenic accumulation into the greenhouse soil again, and setting three control groups, namely: planting ciliate desert-grass group; ② intercropping the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach; ③ intercropping coupling foliage spray calcium between ciliate desert-grass and water spinach. After the vegetables germinate and grow for 2 weeks, starting to spray water-soluble calcium fertilizer on the leaves of the group III, and spraying 100mg Ca L-1 solution 4 times a week with 100mL each time;
step three, harvesting and processing vegetables: after planting, harvesting the swamp cabbage, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample which are planted for 1.5 months and 3 months respectively, and performing the following treatment and analysis, wherein the swamp cabbage, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample are washed by tap water and pure water respectively and sequentially, are frozen in a refrigerator at minus 26 ℃ for 25 hours, and are subjected to freeze drying by a freeze dryer, and are ground into powder by a food grinder after the ciliate desert-grass and the swamp cabbage are fully dried, so that the aim of uniformly mixing is fulfilled;
step four, measuring the arsenic content in the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach: respectively and quantitatively weighing sample powder of soil, ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in different harvesting periods and different treatments, weighing the sample powder of the soil, ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in different harvesting periods and different treatments to be respectively 0.2g, and after a series of operation treatments, firstly adding 11mL of 1:1(V: V) HNO3 into the sample powder, putting the sample powder into a graphite furnace digestion instrument, and digesting the mixture for about 5 hours at 106 ℃; after cooling, adding 2.2mL of H2O2, putting into an ink furnace digestion instrument, and continuously digesting at 106 ℃ until the residual amount of digestion liquid is less than 1 mL; diluting the digestion solution to 20mL by using pure water, and diluting by 10 times after filtering; and then measuring the content of arsenic in the digestion solution by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), finally calculating the content of arsenic (mg kg-1 dry weight) in the ciliate desert-grass and the swamp cabbage, comparing the three treatment groups in different harvesting periods, and analyzing the content difference of arsenic in soil and the swamp cabbage caused by planting ciliate desert-grass and spraying calcium to leaf surfaces.
Example 3
The method comprises the following operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting and preparing arsenic-polluted soil: collecting contaminated soil from arsenic contaminated farmland or vegetable base, air drying, removing impurities, packaging, air drying, removing impurities, sieving with 2mm sieve, mixing, and packaging into plastic pots (60cm long, 30cm wide, and 20cm deep);
step two, intercropping and planting ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in a greenhouse and spraying a calcium fertilizer: transplanting ciliate desert-grass seedlings into greenhouse soil, harvesting the ciliate desert-grass seedlings for three months, intercropping ciliate desert-grass and swamp cabbage of a variety with low arsenic accumulation into the greenhouse soil again, and setting three control groups, namely: planting ciliate desert-grass group; ② intercropping the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach; ③ intercropping coupling foliage spray calcium between ciliate desert-grass and water spinach. After the vegetables germinate and grow for 2 weeks, starting to spray water-soluble calcium fertilizer on the leaves of the third group, wherein the frequency of spraying calcium on the leaves is set as 100mg Ca L-1 solution sprayed 3 times a week, and each time, each pot is 100 mL;
step three, harvesting and processing vegetables: after planting, harvesting the swamp cabbage, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample which are planted for 1.5 months and 3 months respectively, and performing the following treatment and analysis, wherein the swamp cabbage, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample are washed by tap water and pure water respectively and then are frozen in a refrigerator at 24 ℃ below zero for 24 hours, and then are subjected to freeze drying by a freeze dryer, and the ciliate desert-grass and the swamp cabbage are ground into powder by a food grinder after being fully dried, so that the purpose of uniform mixing is achieved;
step four, measuring the arsenic content in the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach: respectively and quantitatively weighing sample powder of soil, ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in different harvesting periods and different treatments, weighing the sample powder of the soil, ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in different harvesting periods and different treatments to be respectively 0.2g, and after a series of operation treatments, firstly adding 10mL of 1:1(V: V) HNO3 into the sample powder, putting the sample powder into a graphite furnace digestion instrument, and digesting the mixture for about 5 hours at 105 ℃; after cooling, adding 2.0mL of H2O2, putting into an ink furnace digestion instrument, and continuously digesting at 105 ℃ until the residual amount of digestion liquid is less than 1 mL; diluting the digestion solution to 20mL by using pure water, and diluting by 10 times after filtering; and then measuring the content of arsenic in the digestion solution by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), finally calculating the content of arsenic (mg kg-1 dry weight) in the ciliate desert-grass and the swamp cabbage, comparing the three treatment groups in different harvesting periods, and analyzing the content difference of arsenic in soil and the swamp cabbage caused by planting ciliate desert-grass and spraying calcium to leaf surfaces.
The method is different from the single physical, chemical or biological repair method and the mode of separating the repaired soil from the utilized soil in the past, develops measures capable of realizing the repair and utilization of the polluted soil while combining arsenic hyper-enrichment plant ciliate desert grass and horticultural measures for spraying calcium on the leaf surface, simultaneously determines the safety standard of the production of the water spinach to realize the efficient repair method and the efficient planting technology, and verifies and uses the measures in reality, as early as 3 months to 9 months in 2019, the subject group uses the experimental method of the patent, takes the polluted vegetable field soil of the lead and zinc mining area of the Xixia region of Nanjing city as the tested soil, takes the water spinach with relatively low arsenic content as the tested vegetable, and plants the vegetable in the greenhouse base of the agricultural academy of sciences of Jiangsu province. In the planting process, three treatments are set, namely, planting ciliate desert-grass groups respectively; ② intercropping the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach; ③ the intercropping coupling foliage spraying of ciliate desert-grass and water spinach, and planting and collecting twice. Harvesting the water spinach after the water spinach is ripe, firstly analyzing the influence of intercropping of the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach on the arsenic content of the water spinach in a Nanjing university laboratory, and finding that the intercropping of the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach has poor effect of reducing the arsenic in the water spinach, but can cause the arsenic content in the water spinach to increase; the intercropping coupling foliage spraying of ciliate desert-grass and water spinach can obviously reduce the arsenic content in the water spinach, the arsenic content is reduced by 36 percent in the first planting, and the arsenic content is reduced by 17 percent in the second planting. The result shows that although the arsenic content accumulation in the water spinach cannot be reduced by intercropping the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach, the arsenic content accumulation in the water spinach can be reduced by a measure of coupling leaf surface calcium spraying of the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach, and the feasibility of the method is proved by the practical operation, so that the method is used for the safe specification of planting and production of the water spinach, and can be popularized and applied.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage calcium spraying is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, collecting and preparing arsenic-polluted soil: collecting polluted soil from arsenic-polluted farmlands or vegetable bases, air-drying, removing impurities and boxing;
step two, intercropping and planting ciliate desert-grass and water spinach in a greenhouse and spraying a calcium fertilizer: transplanting ciliate desert-grass seedlings into greenhouse soil, harvesting the ciliate desert-grass seedlings for three months, intercropping ciliate desert-grass and swamp cabbage of a variety with low arsenic accumulation into the greenhouse soil again, and setting three control groups;
step three, harvesting and processing vegetables: after planting, harvesting the water spinach, the ciliate desert-grass and the soil sample of the three control groups planted for 1.5 months and 3 months respectively for processing and analyzing;
step four, measuring the arsenic content in the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach: quantitatively weighing the soil, the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach sample powder in different harvesting periods and different treatments respectively, finally calculating the arsenic content (mg kg-1 dry weight) in the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach after a series of operation treatments, comparing three groups of treatment groups in different harvesting periods, and analyzing the difference of the arsenic content in the soil and the water spinach when the ciliate desert-grass is planted and calcium is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
2. The method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage spraying with calcium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the polluted soil is collected from arsenic-polluted farmlands or vegetable bases, air-dried, sundries are removed, the soil is sieved by a 2mm sieve, uniformly mixed and then subpackaged into plastic pots (60cm long, 30cm wide and 20cm deep).
3. The method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage spraying of calcium according to claim 1, wherein three control groups in the second step are: planting ciliate desert-grass group; ② intercropping the ciliate desert-grass and the water spinach; ③ intercropping coupling foliage spray calcium between ciliate desert-grass and water spinach. After the vegetables germinate and grow for 2 weeks, the water-soluble calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves of the third group, and the frequency of spraying calcium on the leaves is set to be 100mg Ca L-1 solution sprayed 2-4 times a week and 100mL Ca L-1 solution is sprayed in each pot.
4. The method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage spraying with calcium is characterized in that water spinach, ciliate desert-grass and soil samples planted in the groups of i, ii and iii for 1.5 months and 3 months are respectively harvested in the third step, are respectively washed by tap water and pure water in sequence for treatment and analysis, are frozen in a refrigerator of-22 to-26 ℃ for 23 to 25 hours, are subjected to freeze drying by a freeze dryer, and are fully dried and then are ground into powder by a food grinder to achieve the purpose of uniform mixing.
5. The method for realizing soil remediation and safe production of water spinach by combining ciliate desert-grass and foliage spraying with calcium according to claim 1, wherein 0.2g of each of the soil, ciliate desert-grass and water spinach sample powder which are treated differently in different harvesting periods is weighed in the fourth step, and a series of operations in the fourth step are that 9mL-11mL of HNO3 with a ratio of 1:1(V: V) is added firstly, and the mixture is placed into a graphite furnace digestion instrument and digested for about 5 hours under the condition of 104 ℃ and 106 ℃; after cooling, adding 1.8mL-2.2mL of H2O2, placing the mixture into an ink furnace digestion instrument, and continuously digesting the mixture under the conditions of 104-; diluting the digestion solution to 20mL by using pure water, and diluting by 10 times after filtering; and then measuring the content of arsenic in the digestion solution by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).
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