CN109479661B - Preparation method and application method of cotton breeding substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a cotton breeding substrate, which comprises the following steps: step one, mixing wheat straw powder and cotton hull powder, adding water until the water content is 55-60%, adding 1.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) to mix uniformly, fermenting to obtain a first fermented material, adding dandelion powder into the first fermented material, and continuing to ferment to obtain a second fermented material; step two, mixing and sterilizing 20 parts of pig manure, 2 parts of earthworm powder, 3 parts of shrimp shell powder and 2 parts of ladybug powder, and fermenting to obtain a third fermented material; step three, uniformly mixing the second fermentation material, the third fermentation material, 20 parts of 200-mesh 300 sand, 0.08 part of celastrol, 5 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of straw rods with the length of 0.5-0.7 cm. The invention also discloses a use method of the cotton breeding substrate. The invention has the beneficial effect of improving the transplanting survival rate.

Description

Preparation method and application method of cotton breeding substrate

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting. More particularly, the invention relates to a preparation method of a cotton breeding substrate and a use method thereof.

Background

The cotton is one of the main crops in China, is pure plant fiber, has no nutrient components, is difficult to breed bacteria, is natural and soft, and is suitable for manufacturing various clothes, furniture cloth and industrial cloth.

In the process of cultivating cotton, the germination rate of the cotton and the quality of cotton seedlings are improved, seedling cultivation is a key step, most of the main energy of cotton seedling cultivation at present is put into the pre-sowing treatment of the cotton seeds, the pre-treatment of the seeds enables the seeds to adapt to the sowing environment quickly and more suitably, the transplanting environment is adapted after the seeds are transplanted, and the problem of improving the transplanting survival rate is urgently needed to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a cotton breeding substrate, which can effectively reduce insect pests at a seedling stage of cotton, prevent the generation of drug resistance of the insect pests at the seedling stage, and increase the acre yield of cotton.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for using a cotton breeding substrate, which can promote the development of the root system of transplanted seedlings, improve the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings, and enhance the strength of the viability of the transplanted seedlings after transplantation.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a living cotton breeding substrate, comprising the steps of:

respectively drying and crushing 40 parts of wheat straws, 10 parts of cotton hulls and 4 parts of dandelion by weight, and sieving the dried and crushed materials with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain wheat straw powder, cotton hull powder and dandelion powder, mixing the wheat straw powder and the cotton hull powder, adding water until the water content is 55-60%, adding 1.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) to mix uniformly, regulating and controlling the temperature to be 30-32 ℃ for fermentation for 35 hours to obtain a first fermentation material, adding the dandelion powder to the first fermentation material, mixing uniformly, regulating and controlling the water content to be 55-60%, and continuing fermentation for 20 hours at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ to obtain a second fermentation material;

step two, uniformly mixing 20 parts of pig manure, 2 parts of earthworm powder, 3 parts of shrimp shell powder and 2 parts of ladybug powder, sterilizing at 130 ℃ for 1h, adding water until the water content is 60-65%, adding 1.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, uniformly mixing, and fermenting at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ for 55h to obtain a third fermented material;

step three, uniformly mixing the second fermentation material, the third fermentation material, 20 parts of 200-mesh 300 sand, 0.08 part of celastrol, 5 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of straw rods with the length of 0.5-0.7 cm.

Preferably, 2 parts of nepenthes are taken, dried and crushed, then 10 times of water is added, the mixture is soaked for 30min and then decocted for 20min, 4 times of ethanol is added for further decoction for 20min, the mixture is concentrated to remove the ethanol, 0.03 part of modified absorbent cotton with the side length of 0.6-0.8cm is added, and the mixture is evaporated at low temperature until the extruded absorbent cotton drops without water, so that the modified absorbent cotton is obtained;

pulping 1 part of Chinese yam peel, adding water with the amount of 2 times of the total mass of the Chinese yam peel, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain Chinese yam liquid;

the celastrus angulatus in the third step is pretreated before mixing, specifically, celastrus angulatus is added into modified absorbent cotton and mixed uniformly, and the Chinese liquor is added and stirred and mixed uniformly.

Preferably, the preparation method of the shrimp shell powder in the second step comprises the following steps: drying and crushing shrimp shells, and sieving the dried and crushed shrimp shells with a 80-mesh sieve.

Preferably, the third step further comprises: 10 parts of charcoal with 200 meshes and 300 meshes.

Preferably, the charcoal in step three is pretreated before mixing, specifically: adding 3 parts of pricklyash peel into charcoal, and parching with slow fire for 30 min.

A method for using a living cotton breeding substrate is provided, which comprises the following steps:

s1, digging a planting pit with a side length of a cube-like shape with a diameter of 4.5-5.0cm, filling the planting pit with a distance of 0.5-0.7cm from the top surface of the corresponding planting pit, placing cotton seeds on the inner top surface of the planting pit, covering a cotton breeding substrate until the cotton seed breeding substrate is level with the top surface of the planting pit, continuously covering soil with a thickness of 0.5-1cm, cultivating for 20-25 days to form planting seedlings, and digging the planting seedlings along the circumferential direction of the planting pit with the cotton breeding substrate;

s2, digging a cuboid-like planting pit with the side length of 5.5-6.0cm, coaxially placing the planted seedlings into the planting pit, filling a modified cotton breeding matrix into the planting pit until the top surface of the planting pit is flush with the planting pit, and sprinkling water until the water content of the modified cotton breeding matrix is 55-58%, wherein the preparation method of the modified cotton breeding matrix specifically comprises the following steps:

crushing pericarpium citri reticulatae to obtain pericarpium citri reticulatae powder, adding an ethanol water solution with the weight 10 times of the total weight of the pericarpium citri reticulatae powder into the pericarpium citri reticulatae powder, quickly freezing to-20 ℃, freezing for 20min, heating to room temperature, adding eggshell powder, uniformly stirring, quickly freezing to-20 ℃, cooling for 20min, decocting for 30min, cooling, concentrating to remove ethanol to obtain a concentrated solution, adding honey and a cotton substrate into the concentrated solution, and uniformly stirring, wherein the mass fraction of the ethanol water solution is 40%, and the mass ratio of the pericarpium citri reticulatae, the eggshell powder, the honey and the cotton breeding substrate is 3:2:1: 30.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

firstly, the cotton breeding substrate is used for cultivating cotton seeds to form planting seedlings, the cotton breeding substrate which is wrapped at the roots of the planting seedlings is dug out in the planting seedling process, the problem that the viability of the transplanting seedlings is weak due to large circumferential environment change in the transplanting process of the planting seedlings is effectively relieved, meanwhile, in the transplanting process, the modified cotton breeding substrate is filled in the circumferential direction of the original cotton breeding substrate at the root of the planted seedling, on the basis of further promoting the adaptation of the transplanted seedling to the surrounding nutrient environment, the cotton breeding substrate is modified by the combined action of the sour orange peels, the eggshell powder and the honey, the development of the root system of the transplanted seedling can be promoted, the transplanting survival rate and the vitality intensity of the transplanted seedling after transplantation are improved, meanwhile, the decline of the resistance of the transplanted seedling per se is slowed down, the disease and insect pest rate is increased, and the nutrition supply and nutrition absorption of transplanting are further promoted;

secondly, the cotton breeding substrate provides sufficient nutrients for cotton seedling emergence and later growth through wheat straws, cotton hulls, pig manure, earthworm powder, plant ash and the like, meanwhile, dandelion powder, shrimp shell powder, ladybug powder and celastrus angulatus are added, the plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively slowed down, the unfolding of leaves is promoted, the twisting and the scorching are avoided, the ventilation condition of the cotton breeding substrate can be effectively improved by adding 200-300-mesh sand and 0.5-0.7 cm-long straw, the moisture and nutrient transfer in the substrate is further improved in a matching manner, the absorption is promoted, and the problems of root suffocation, rot and even death caused by the depth of buried roots are avoided;

thirdly, the celastrus angulatus is pretreated by the common nepenthes, the modified absorbent cotton and the yam liquid before being added, so that the nutrient release speed of the celastrus angulatus is ensured, the action time of the celastrus angulatus is prolonged, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.

< example 1>

The preparation method of the cotton breeding substrate comprises the following steps:

respectively drying and crushing 40 parts of wheat straws, 10 parts of cotton hulls and 4 parts of dandelion by weight, and sieving the dried and crushed materials with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain wheat straw powder, cotton hull powder and dandelion powder, mixing the wheat straw powder and the cotton hull powder, adding water until the water content is 56.7%, adding 1.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) to mix uniformly, regulating and controlling the temperature to be 30-32 ℃ for fermentation for 35 hours to obtain a first fermentation material, adding the dandelion powder to the first fermentation material, mixing uniformly, regulating and controlling the water content to be 57.6%, and continuing fermentation for 20 hours at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ to obtain a second fermentation material;

step two, uniformly mixing 20 parts of pig manure, 2 parts of earthworm powder, 3 parts of shrimp shell powder (prepared by drying, crushing and sieving the shrimp shell with a 80-mesh sieve) and 2 parts of ladybug powder, sterilizing at 130 ℃ for 1h, adding water until the water content is 63.7%, adding 1.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) and uniformly mixing, and fermenting at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ for 55h to obtain a third fermented material;

step three, uniformly mixing the second fermentation material, the third fermentation material, 20 parts of sand with the mesh number of 200-300, 0.08 part of celastrol, 5 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of rice straw rods with the length of 0.5-0.7cm, wherein the celastrol is pretreated before mixing in the step three, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: taking 2 parts of nepenthes, drying and crushing, adding water with the weight being 10 times that of the nepenthes, soaking for 30min, decocting for 20min, adding ethanol with the weight being 4 times that of the nepenthes, continuously decocting for 20min, concentrating until the ethanol is removed, adding 0.03 part of modified absorbent cotton with the side length being within the range of 0.6-0.8cm, and evaporating at low temperature until the extruded absorbent cotton drops without water to obtain the modified absorbent cotton;

pulping 1 part of Chinese yam peel, adding water with the amount of 2 times of the total mass of the Chinese yam peel, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain Chinese yam liquid;

adding celastrus angulatus into the modified absorbent cotton, mixing uniformly, adding the Chinese yam liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the celastrus angulatus liquid medicine;

the third step also includes: 10 parts of 200-mesh 300-mesh charcoal, wherein the charcoal is pretreated before mixing, and specifically comprises the following steps: adding 3 parts of pricklyash peel into charcoal, and parching with slow fire for 30 min.

< example 2>

A method for cotton planting using the cotton breeding substrate of < example 1>, comprising the steps of:

s1, digging a cuboid-like (approximate) planting pit with the side length within the range of 4.5-5.0cm, filling the planting pit with a distance within the range of 0.5-0.7cm from the top surface of the corresponding planting pit, placing cotton seeds on the inner top surface of the planting pit, then covering a cotton breeding substrate until the cotton breeding substrate is level with the top surface of the planting pit, continuously covering soil with the thickness within the range of 0.5-1cm, forming planting seedlings after culturing for 23 days, and digging the planting seedlings along the circumferential direction of the planting pit with the cotton breeding substrate;

s2, digging a cuboid-like planting pit with the side length of 5.5-6.0cm, coaxially placing the planted seedlings into the planting pit, filling a modified cotton breeding matrix into the planting pit until the top surface of the planting pit is flush with the planting pit, and sprinkling water until the water content of the modified cotton breeding matrix is 57.2%, wherein the preparation method of the modified cotton breeding matrix specifically comprises the following steps:

crushing pericarpium citri reticulatae to obtain pericarpium citri reticulatae powder, adding an ethanol water solution with the weight 10 times of the total weight of the pericarpium citri reticulatae powder into the pericarpium citri reticulatae powder, quickly freezing to-20 ℃, freezing for 20min, heating to room temperature, adding eggshell powder, uniformly stirring, quickly freezing to-20 ℃, cooling for 20min, decocting for 30min, cooling, concentrating to remove ethanol to obtain a concentrated solution, adding honey and a cotton substrate into the concentrated solution, and uniformly stirring, wherein the mass fraction of the ethanol water solution is 40%, and the mass ratio of the pericarpium citri reticulatae, the eggshell powder, the honey and the cotton breeding substrate is 3:2:1: 30;

and S3, managing and harvesting.

< example 3>

A method for cotton planting using the cotton breeding substrate of < example 1>, wherein S1, S3 are the same as example 2, except that:

s2, digging a cuboid-like planting pit with the side length of 5.5-6.0cm, coaxially placing the planted seedlings into the planting pit, filling the soil on the surface of the land in the planting pit until the top surface of the soil is flush with the planting pit, and sprinkling water until the water content of the modified cotton breeding substrate is 55-58%.

< comparative example 1>

The conventional base fertilizer is used for being matched with soil to plant cotton, other management methods are the same as the embodiment 2, and the conventional base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of urea and 5 parts of calcium superphosphate.

In the same area, 300 full cotton seeds in the same batch are randomly selected, are randomly divided into three groups after being pretreated, and each group comprises 100 cotton seeds, and are planted according to the methods of the example 2, the example 3 and the comparative example 1.

1. The number of seedlings planted in the example 2, the example 3 and the comparative example 1, the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings, and the pest and disease rate within 30 days after the seedlings are planted and transplanted are counted in the following table 1:

TABLE 1 Numbers of seedlings planted, survival rates of transplants, and pest rates in example 2, example 3, and comparative example 1

	Example 2	Example 3	Comparative example 1
				Number of seedlings planted	100	100	85
Survival rate of transplanted seedlings	100％	95％	83.5％
				Disease and pest rate within 30 days after planting and transplanting	2％	5％	20％

Wherein, the leaf atrophy degree of the transplanted seedlings in the example 2 is lower than that in the example 3, the growth trend of the transplanted seedlings is obviously better than that in the example 3, the leaf atrophy degree of the transplanted seedlings in the example 3 is lower than that in the comparative example 1, the growth trend of the planted seedlings is obviously better than that in the comparative example 1, the leaves are normally unfolded within 86% of 18h after the transplanted seedlings in the example 2, and the leaves are normally unfolded after 100% of the planted seedlings are transplanted for 32 h.

2. The average plant height of the seedlings formed in example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1 and the average plant height after 15 days of transplantation were counted, which is shown in Table 2:

table 2 plant height measurements of example 2, example 3, and comparative example 1

	Example 2	Example 3	Comparative example 1
				Height (cm) of planting seedling	12.6	12.8	10.3
Plant height (cm) 15 days after transplantation	18.7	17.3	14.1

Wherein the average stem thickness of the planted seedlings is example 2> example 3> comparative example 1.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the cotton breeding substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

respectively drying and crushing 40 parts of wheat straws, 10 parts of cotton hulls and 4 parts of dandelion by weight, and sieving the dried and crushed materials with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain wheat straw powder, cotton hull powder and dandelion powder, mixing the wheat straw powder and the cotton hull powder, adding water until the water content is 55-60%, adding 1.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) to mix uniformly, regulating and controlling the temperature to be 30-32 ℃ for fermentation for 35 hours to obtain a first fermentation material, adding the dandelion powder to the first fermentation material, mixing uniformly, regulating and controlling the water content to be 55-60%, and continuing fermentation for 20 hours at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ to obtain a second fermentation material;

step two, uniformly mixing 20 parts of pig manure, 2 parts of earthworm powder, 3 parts of shrimp shell powder and 2 parts of ladybug powder, sterilizing at 130 ℃ for 1h, adding water until the water content is 60-65%, adding 1.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, uniformly mixing, and fermenting at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ for 55h to obtain a third fermented material;

step three, uniformly mixing the second fermentation material, the third fermentation material, 20 parts of 200-300-mesh sand, 0.08 part of celastrol, 5 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of straw rods with the length of 0.5-0.7 cm;

taking 2 parts of nepenthes, drying and crushing, adding water with the weight being 10 times that of the nepenthes, soaking for 30min, decocting for 20min, adding ethanol with the weight being 4 times that of the nepenthes, continuously decocting for 20min, concentrating until ethanol is removed, adding 0.03 part of modified absorbent cotton with the side length of 0.6-0.8cm, and evaporating at low temperature until the extruded absorbent cotton drops without water drops to obtain the modified absorbent cotton;

pulping 1 part of Chinese yam peel, adding water with the amount of 2 times of the total mass of the Chinese yam peel, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain Chinese yam liquid;

the celastrus angulatus in the third step is pretreated before mixing, and specifically, modified absorbent cotton is added into the celastrus angulatus to be uniformly mixed, and the celastrus angulatus liquid is added to be uniformly stirred and mixed.

2. The method for preparing a cotton breeding substrate as set forth in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing shrimp shell powder in the second step comprises: drying and crushing shrimp shells, and sieving the dried and crushed shrimp shells with a 80-mesh sieve.

3. The method for preparing a cotton breeding substrate as set forth in claim 1, wherein the third step further comprises: 10 parts of charcoal with 200 meshes and 300 meshes.

4. A method for preparing a cotton breeding substrate as claimed in claim 3, wherein the charcoal in step three is pre-treated before mixing, in particular: adding 3 parts of pricklyash peel into charcoal, and parching with slow fire for 30 min.

5. The method of using a cotton breeding substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

s1, digging a cuboid-like planting pit with the side length of 4.5-5.0cm, filling the planting pit with a distance of 0.5-0.7cm from the top surface of the corresponding planting pit, placing cotton seeds on the inner top surface of the planting pit, then covering a cotton breeding substrate until the cotton breeding substrate is level to the top surface of the planting pit, continuously covering soil with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, forming planting seedlings after culturing for 20-25 days, and digging the planting seedlings along the circumferential direction of the planting pit with the cotton breeding substrate;

s2, digging a cuboid-like planting pit with the side length of 5.5-6.0cm, coaxially placing the planted seedlings into the planting pit, filling a modified cotton breeding matrix into the planting pit until the top surface of the planting pit is flush with the planting pit, and sprinkling water until the water content of the modified cotton breeding matrix is 55-58%, wherein the preparation method of the modified cotton breeding matrix specifically comprises the following steps:

crushing pericarpium citri reticulatae to obtain pericarpium citri reticulatae powder, adding an ethanol water solution with the weight 10 times of the total weight of the pericarpium citri reticulatae powder into the pericarpium citri reticulatae powder, quickly freezing to-20 ℃, freezing for 20min, heating to room temperature, adding eggshell powder, uniformly stirring, quickly freezing to-20 ℃, cooling for 20min, decocting for 30min, cooling, concentrating to remove ethanol to obtain a concentrated solution, adding honey and a cotton substrate into the concentrated solution, and uniformly stirring, wherein the mass fraction of the ethanol water solution is 40%, and the mass ratio of the pericarpium citri reticulatae, the eggshell powder, the honey and the cotton breeding substrate is 3:2:1: 30.