CN108911859B - Preparation method of medium-trace element microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of medium-trace element microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A medium-trace element biological fertilizer is prepared from edible fungus waste dregs, bean dregs, powdered coal ash, medium-trace element salt, fermenting bacteria and functional bacteria through three-time fermentation. The prepared bio-organic fertilizer has beneficial bacteria of more than 3.5 hundred million/g, total nutrient content of 18.1 percent and medium and trace element content of 7.2 percent, so the prepared medium and trace element bio-organic fertilizer can meet the requirement of macroelements required by plant growth, supplement medium and trace business elements required by plant growth in time, further promote the plant growth by nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution bacteria, and can perform biological control by bacteria inhibition to ensure normal growth of plants, various materials cannot be agglomerated and lumpy in the preparation process, the bio-organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed, the prepared bio-organic fertilizer has high germination rate, seedlings have good growth vigor, and the germination rate is as high as 98 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microorganism application, in particular to a preparation method of a medium-trace microelement biological fertilizer.
Background
Chemical fertilizers play an important role in agricultural production. Experts believe that under the condition that other production factors are unchanged, the agricultural yield can be increased by 40% -60% by applying the chemical fertilizer; however, after long-term use of the fertilizer, soil nutrient structure imbalance, partial nutrient element loss, poor soil physical properties and over-standard of partial harmful metals and harmful germs in the land are easily caused, so that crop nutrition imbalance is caused, and the quality of agricultural products is reduced. In addition, the residual excess water-soluble nutrients in the soil are easy to be leached into underground water and rivers by rain water and farmland irrigation water, so that large-area agricultural non-point source pollution is caused.
The organic fertilizer has the characteristics of complete nutrients, long fertilizer efficiency and no pollution, and when the organic fertilizer is applied to farmlands, the organic matter content of soil can be increased, the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved, the physical and chemical properties and the granular structure of the soil can be improved, beneficial elements can be supplemented, and the quality of agricultural products can be improved. However, the common organic fertilizer has less types and contents of trace elements, cannot meet the requirements of plant growth, and directly influences the growth of crops and the quality of agricultural products.
The waste edible fungus material is also called fungus dregs, fungus chaff, leftover, etc. and is the culture material after edible fungus cultivation. Related researches show that the edible fungus residues contain a large amount of available nutrient elements, such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, trace elements and the like, and also contain chemical substances such as polysaccharides, organic acids, enzymes, phenols and the like, so that the edible fungus residues are organic waste substances which can be recycled. So far, researches on preparation of organic fertilizer by directly returning waste mushroom dregs to field or simply composting mushroom dregs have been carried out. However, most of the nutrients in the waste fungus bags exist in macromolecular forms, and are difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, so that the agricultural efficiency of the waste fungus bags is seriously influenced, the environment is greatly stressed, pollution is caused, and the sustainable development of agriculture is influenced. In addition, in the process of preparing the organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is not easy to mix uniformly, and the prepared biological fertilizer is low in seed germination rate and poor in seedling growth vigor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a medium trace element biological fertilizer.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical measures:
a preparation method of a medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the edible fungus fermentation broth is prepared by taking edible fungus waste residues, bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt, a fermentation fungus agent and a functional fungus agent as raw materials and performing three times of fermentation respectively.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the edible fungus waste mushroom dregs are preferably one of needle mushroom waste mushroom dregs and mushroom waste mushroom dregs.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the zymophyte agent comprises a zymophyte A agent and a zymophyte B agent, wherein the zymophyte A agent is a composite agent consisting of a bacillus subtilis agent, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger agent and a white rot fungus agent, and the mixing mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis agent to the aspergillus niger agent is as follows: cellulase: aspergillus niger microbial inoculum: white rot fungus agent = 1-10: 1-10: 1-5: 1-5, wherein the fermentation bacteria B are a composite bacterial agent consisting of a thermomyces lanuginosus bacterial agent, a rhodobacter longissima bacterial agent, a mycelial bacterial agent and a saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial agent, and the mass ratio of the composite bacterial agent to the thermomyces lanuginosus bacterial agent is as follows: a red bacterium agent: filamentous bacterium agent: the yeast agent = 1-10: 1-10: 1-5: 1 to 5.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the functional bacterial agent is a composite functional bacterial agent formed by mixing a rhizobium bacterial agent, a azotobacter chroococcum bacterial agent, a bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, a bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, a bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis bacterial agent, a lilac paecilomyces bacterial agent and a trichoderma viride bacterial agent, and the mass ratio of the composite functional bacterial agent is that the rhizobium bacterial agent is: azotobacter chroococcum microbial inoculum: b, bacillus subtilis preparation: b, bacillus megaterium inoculant: b, bacillus licheniformis agent: bacillus thuringiensis preparation: lilac paecilomyces agent: the trichoderma viride is 1-10: 1-10: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1 to 5.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC with the number of 1.12938; the Aspergillus niger is CGMCC with the number of 3.13901; the white rot fungi is GDMCC with the number GIM 3.393; the thermomyces lanuginosus is CCTCC with the number of CCTCC AF 200043, the erythrobacterium is GDMCC with the number of GIM1.491, and the filamentous bacterium is CGMCC with the number of 1.15179; the yeast is GDMCC with the number GIM 2.210; the rhizobium is CGMCC with the number of 1.15570; the azotobacter chroococcum is GDMCC with the number GIM 1.272; the bacillus megaterium is CGMCC with the number of 1.9072; the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC with the number of 1.9048; the bacillus thuringiensis is CGMCC with the number of 1.7902; the lilac paecilomyces is GDMCC with the number GIM 3.405; the trichoderma viride is CGMCC with the number of 3.11450.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the first fermentation in the third fermentation is to remove the waste edible fungus dregs and bean dregs of the edible fungi after the silt removal and the microbial inoculum A of the zymocyte according to the mass ratio of 7: 2: pouring the biomass pile into a reaction tank in an aerobic composting experimental device, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 38-42%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, setting the temperature to be 30-60 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, sealing and continuing fermentation for 3-7 days, and maintaining the air pressure of the reaction tank at 0.1-0.15 Mpa during fermentation; the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, the cellulase, the aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and the white rot fungus microbial inoculum in the zymocyte A microbial inoculum is preferably 2: 4: 3: 1.
further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the third fermentation, the second fermentation is to add pulverized coal ash, medium trace element salt and zymocyte B microbial inoculum into the biomass pile after the first fermentation, wherein the mass ratio of the materials is 10-40: 1-10: 1-10: 1-10, fully mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40-70%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, rapidly raising the temperature to 60-100 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to a set temperature, continuing to ferment for 1-3 days, maintaining the air pressure of a reaction tank at 0.1-0.15 Mpa during fermentation, and preferably selecting the mass ratio of thermomyces lanuginosus microbial inoculum, rhodobacter longissimum microbial inoculum, filamentous fungi microbial inoculum and yeast microbial inoculum in the zymocyte B microbial inoculum to be 3:2:3: 2.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the third fermentation, after the second fermentation is finished, the biomass is poured out of the fermentation tank and stacked in a fermentation field, and a functional bacterium agent is added when the temperature is reduced to 40-60 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the substances is 10-40: 1-10, fully and uniformly mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40-60%, fermenting for 3-6 days at 40-60 ℃, wherein the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60 ℃ during fermentation, and obtaining the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer after fermentation is finished.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the first fermentation temperature is preferably 40 ℃, the fermentation time is preferably 5 days, and the air pressure of a reaction tank during the fermentation is preferably 0.10 Mpa; the mass ratio of the fly ash to the medium trace element salt to the zymocyte B microbial inoculum in the second fermentation is preferably 34:8:3:5, the water content of the biomass pile is preferably 40%, the fermentation temperature is preferably 90 ℃, the fermentation time is preferably 1 day, the air pressure of the reaction tank is preferably 0.12Mpa, the fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then the fly ash is crushed by a 50-100-mesh soil screen and is soaked in 0.1-0.5 mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, and the mass-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; in the third fermentation, the mass ratio of rhizobium inoculant to azotobacter chroococcum inoculant to bacillus subtilis inoculant to bacillus megaterium inoculant to bacillus licheniformis inoculant to bacillus thuringiensis inoculant to paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant to trichoderma viride inoculant in the functional bacteria is preferably 2:1:1:1:2:1:1:1, the water content of the biomass pile is preferably 50%, and the fermentation time is preferably 4 days.
Further, a preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the medium trace element salt in the second fermentation is prepared from CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is preferably 0.2 mol/L.
Further, the preparation method of the medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that the viable count of the microbial inoculum used in the preparation process is 2000-3000/g.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, waste edible fungus residues, bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt, zymophyte, functional bacteria and other substances are mixed according to a certain proportion and are subjected to multiple fermentation to prepare the microbial organic fertilizer, the prepared microbial organic fertilizer has high beneficial bacterium activity, the beneficial bacterium content is more than 3.5 hundred million/g, the reasonable matching of the components and the matrix ensures that the beneficial bacterium can still well maintain the high activity of the beneficial bacterium after being placed for 30 months for a long time, the phenomena of antagonism and premature senility cannot occur, the plant growth promotion effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution are well exerted, biological control is carried out through germ inhibition bacteria, and the normal growth of plants is ensured; the total nutrient content is up to 18.1%, the medium trace element content is up to 7.2%, and the prepared medium trace element bio-organic fertilizer can meet the requirement of macroelements required by plant growth and supplement medium trace elements required by plant growth in time. In the preparation process, various materials cannot be agglomerated and uniformly mixed, and the prepared biological fertilizer has high germination rate, good growth vigor of seedlings and high germination rate of 98 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it being necessary to note that the following examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and modifications or substitutions of the method, steps or conditions of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention.
Example 1
1. The mass ratio of the waste edible fungus dregs after the removal of the silt to the bean dregs to the zymocyte A microbial inoculum is 7: 2: pouring the mixture into a reaction tank in an aerobic composting experimental device, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of a biomass pile is 40%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, setting the temperature to be 40 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, sealing and continuing to ferment for 5 days to finish primary fermentation, wherein the air pressure of the reaction tank is maintained at 0.10Mpa during fermentation; the waste edible fungus dregs are waste needle mushroom dregs; the zymocyte A microbial inoculum consists of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungus microbial inoculum, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum to the aspergillus niger microbial inoculum is 2: 4: 3: 1.
2. adding pulverized fly ash, medium trace element salt and a fermentation bacteria B microbial inoculum into a biomass pile after primary fermentation, fully and uniformly mixing the materials according to a mass ratio of 34:8:3:5, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a heating switch and an air pump, rapidly raising the temperature to 90 ℃, turning off the heating switch after the temperature rises to a set temperature, continuing to ferment for 1 day to finish secondary fermentation, wherein the air pressure of a reaction tank is maintained at 0.12MPa during fermentation, and the fermentation bacteria B microbial inoculum is prepared from a thermomyces lanuginosus microbial inoculum, a rhodobacter longissimum microbial inoculum, a filamentous microbial inoculum, saccharomycetesThe microbial inoculum consists of microbial inoculum with the mass ratio of 3:2:3: 2; the fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then is crushed and sieved by a 80-mesh soil sieve, and is soaked in 0.2mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; wherein the microelement salt is prepared from CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01.
3. after the second fermentation is finished, pouring out the biomass from the fermentation tank, stacking the biomass in a fermentation field, and adding a functional bacteria agent when the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, wherein the substances are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10: 5, fully and uniformly mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 50%, fermenting for 4 days at 50 ℃, wherein the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60 ℃ during fermentation, and obtaining the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer after fermentation is finished; the functional bacterial agent is a composite functional bacterial agent formed by mixing a rhizobium bacterial agent, a azotobacter chroococcum bacterial agent, a bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, a bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, a bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis bacterial agent, a lilac paecilomyces bacterial agent and a trichoderma viride bacterial agent in a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1:2:1: 1.
Experiment 1: seed germination and seedling growth test
(1) Respectively adding 3 parts of 500g of soil into a culture dish sterilized at high temperature, respectively adding 50g of the biological fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 and 50g of DeWao multi-biological organic fertilizer produced by DeWao multi-fertilizer company Limited in Hebei, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil and the biological fertilizer for later use; the remaining portion was used as a blank control without any fertilizer.
(2) And (3) selecting 10 agaric seeds with uniform size and full granules, uniformly distributing the agaric seeds in a culture dish, and putting the culture dish into a constant-temperature incubator for constant-temperature culture (at 25 ℃ in the dark). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, using no biofertilizer treatment as a control. The seeds are soaked in 1 percent NaClO solution for 30min before use, washed by deionized water and dried for later use.
(3) Stopping germination experiments when the germination rate of the control treated seeds is basically unchanged, and recording the germination rate and related parameters of the seeds treated by each experiment;
(4) and respectively selecting the seeds with consistent germination in each step, continuously culturing in an incubator, recording the plant height, biomass, leaf area and the like of the seedlings after 10 days, and recording the diseased condition of the seedlings during growth.
Analysis shows that the beneficial bacteria in the medium trace element biological organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of the invention are more than 3.5 hundred million/g biological fertilizer, the total nutrient content is 18.1 percent, and the medium trace element content is 7.2 percent. The germination rate of the edible fungus vegetable seeds planted by using the prepared biological organic fertilizer (by taking the prepared biological organic fertilizer produced by Daowo multi-fertilizer company of Hebei as a control) is 12.1 percent and 19.3 percent higher than that of the seeds subjected to control and non-fertilization treatment respectively, the biomass of the edible fungus vegetable is 25.1 percent and 49.3 percent higher than that of the seeds subjected to commercial biological organic fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment respectively, the plant height is 27.1 percent and 53.4 percent higher than that of the seeds subjected to commercial biological organic fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment respectively, the leaf area is 22.9 percent and 41.7 percent larger than that of the seeds subjected to commercial biological organic fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment respectively, and the seedling morbidity is 12.4 percent and 19.9 percent lower than that of the seeds subjected to commercial biological organic fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment respectively.
Example 2
1. The mass ratio of the waste edible fungus dregs after the removal of the silt to the bean dregs to the zymocyte A microbial inoculum is 7: 2: pouring the mixture into a reaction tank in an aerobic composting experimental device, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of a biomass pile is 38%, sequentially opening a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, setting the temperature to be 30 ℃, closing the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, sealing and continuing fermentation for 7 days to finish the first fermentation, wherein the air pressure of the reaction tank is maintained at 0.13Mpa during the fermentation period; the waste edible fungus dregs are waste mushroom dregs; the zymocyte A microbial inoculum consists of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungus microbial inoculum, and the mass ratio of the zymocyte A microbial inoculum is 3:5: 2: 2.
2. adding pulverized coal ash, medium trace element salt and zymophyte B microbial inoculum into the biomass pile after the first fermentation, wherein the mass ratio of the substances is 32: 7: 6:2 mixing completely, and supplementing appropriate amount of clear liquidWhen the water content of the biomass pile is 60%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, rapidly raising the temperature to 80 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to a set temperature, continuing to ferment for 3 days to finish secondary fermentation, wherein the air pressure of a reaction tank is maintained at 0.15Mpa during fermentation, and the zymocyte B microbial inoculum consists of a thermomyces lanuginosus microbial inoculum, a erythromyces microbial inoculum, a saccharomycete microbial inoculum and has a mass ratio of 5:6:2: 1; the fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then is crushed and sieved by a 60-mesh soil sieve, and is soaked in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; wherein the microelement salt is prepared from CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01.
3. after the second fermentation is finished, pouring out the biomass from the fermentation tank, stacking the biomass in a fermentation field, adding a functional bacteria agent when the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, wherein the substances are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20: 8, fully and uniformly mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%, fermenting for 6 days at 40 ℃, and obtaining the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; the functional bacteria are a composite functional bacteria agent formed by mixing a rhizobium inoculant, a azotobacter chroococcum inoculant, a bacillus subtilis inoculant, a bacillus megaterium inoculant, a bacillus licheniformis inoculant, a bacillus thuringiensis inoculant, a lilac paecilomyces inoculant and a trichoderma viride inoculant in a mass ratio of 3:5:3:2:1:2:2: 1.
The experimental method of the embodiment 1 is used for carrying out seed germination and seedling growth experiments, and the experimental results show that beneficial bacteria in the medium trace element bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of the embodiment 2 of the invention are more than 3.5 hundred million/g (the content of the bio-fertilizer and total nutrients is 17.6 percent, and the content of the medium trace elements is 6.7 percent), the germination rate of edible fungus seeds planted by using the prepared bio-organic fertilizer (the prepared bio-organic fertilizer is added into a DeVolO bio-organic fertilizer produced by Hebei DeVolO fertilizer limited company as a control) is respectively 11.5 percent and 18.2 percent higher than that of the control and the non-fertilization treatment, the biomass of the edible fungus seeds is respectively 23.8 percent higher than that of the commercial bio-organic fertilizer and the non-fertilization treatment, 47.2 percent, the plant height is respectively 25.8 percent and 49.3 percent higher than that of the commercial biological organic fertilizer and the non-fertilization treatment, the leaf area is respectively 20.7 percent and 39.3 percent larger, and the seedling morbidity is respectively 10.8 percent and 17.2 percent lower than that of the commercial biological organic fertilizer and the non-fertilization treatment.
Example 3
1. The mass ratio of the waste edible fungus dregs after the removal of the silt to the bean dregs to the zymocyte A microbial inoculum is 7: 2: pouring the mixture into a reaction tank in an aerobic composting experimental device, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of a biomass pile is 42%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, setting the temperature to be 60 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, sealing and continuing to ferment for 5 days to finish primary fermentation, wherein the air pressure of the reaction tank is maintained at 0.15Mpa during fermentation; the waste edible fungus dregs are waste needle mushroom dregs; the zymocyte A microbial inoculum consists of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a cellulase microbial inoculum, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungus microbial inoculum, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum to the aspergillus niger microbial inoculum is 5: 2:1: 2.
2. adding pulverized coal ash, medium trace element salt and zymophyte B microbial inoculum into the biomass pile after the first fermentation, wherein the mass ratio of the substances is 25: 7: 6:2, sufficiently and uniformly mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 50%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, rapidly raising the temperature to 60 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to a set temperature, continuing to ferment for 2 days to finish secondary fermentation, wherein the air pressure of a reaction tank is maintained at 0.13Mpa during fermentation, and the zymocyte B microbial inoculum consists of a thermomyces lanuginosus microbial inoculum, a rhodobacter longissima microbial inoculum, a mycelial microbial inoculum and a microzyme microbial inoculum, and the mass ratio of the zymocyte B microbial inoculum is 5:3:2: 2; the fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then is crushed and sieved by a 70-mesh soil sieve, and is soaked in 0.5mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; wherein the microelement salt is prepared from CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01.
3. after the second fermentation is finished, pouring out the biomass from the fermentation tank, stacking the biomass in a fermentation field, and adding a functional bacteria agent when the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, wherein the substances are mixed according to the mass ratio of 22: 8, fully and uniformly mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%, fermenting for 4 days at 55 ℃, wherein the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60 ℃ during fermentation, and obtaining the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer after fermentation is finished; the functional bacterial agent is a composite functional bacterial agent formed by mixing a rhizobium bacterial agent, a azotobacter chroococcum bacterial agent, a bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, a bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, a bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis bacterial agent, a lilac paecilomyces bacterial agent and a trichoderma viride bacterial agent, and the mass ratio of the composite functional bacterial agent to the functional bacterial agent is 5:3: 1:2:1: 3: 1: 1.
the experimental results of seed germination and seedling growth tests carried out according to the experimental method of the embodiment 1 show that the medium and trace element bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of the embodiment 2 of the invention has beneficial bacteria more than 3.5 hundred million/g bio-fertilizer, total nutrient content of 17.9% and medium and trace element content of 7.2%. The germination rates of the edible fungus seeds planted by using the prepared biological organic fertilizer (by taking the DeVo multi-biological organic fertilizer produced by Hebei DeVo multi-fertilizer company Limited as a control) are respectively 12.7% and 19.6% higher than those of the seeds subjected to control and non-fertilization treatment (the biomass of the edible fungus seeds is respectively 22.7% and 48.3% higher than that of the seeds subjected to commercial biological organic fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment, the plant heights are respectively 26.7% and 50.2% higher than that of the seeds subjected to commercial biological organic fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment, the leaf areas are respectively 21.2% and 40.7%, and the seedling morbidity is respectively 11.3% and 18.5% lower than that of the seeds subjected to commercial biological organic fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a medium trace element biological fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the edible fungus waste mushroom residue, bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt, a zymocyte microbial inoculum and a functional bacterium microbial inoculum are used as raw materials and are prepared by three times of fermentation respectively; the zymophyte microbial inoculum comprises a zymophyte A microbial inoculum and a zymophyte B microbial inoculum, wherein the zymophyte A microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum consisting of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungus microbial inoculum, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, the cellulase, the aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and the white rot fungus microbial inoculum is 2: 4: 3: 1, wherein the fermentation bacteria B are a composite bacterial agent consisting of a thermomyces lanuginosus bacterial agent, a erythromyces agent, a filamentous bacterial agent and a yeast bacterial agent, and the mass ratio of the thermomyces lanuginosus bacterial agent to the erythromyces longicornus bacterial agent to the filamentous bacterial agent to the yeast bacterial agent is 3:2:3: 2; the first fermentation in the third fermentation is to remove the waste edible fungus dregs and bean dregs of the edible fungi after the silt removal and the microbial inoculum A of the zymocyte according to the mass ratio of 7: 2: pouring the biomass pile into a reaction tank in an aerobic composting experimental device, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 38-42%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, setting the temperature to be 30-60 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, sealing and continuing fermentation for 3-7 days, and maintaining the air pressure of the reaction tank at 0.1-0.15 Mpa during fermentation; and in the third fermentation, the second fermentation is to add pulverized coal ash, medium trace element salt and zymocyte B microbial inoculum into the biomass pile after the first fermentation, wherein the mass ratio of the materials is 10-40: 1-10: 1-10: 1-10, fully mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40-70%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, rapidly rising the temperature to 60-100 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to a set temperature, continuing to ferment for 1-3 days, and maintaining the air pressure of a reaction tank at 0.1-0.15 MPa during fermentation;
the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC with the number of 1.12938; the Aspergillus niger is CGMCC with the number of 3.13901; the white rot fungi is GDMCC with the number GIM 3.393; the thermomyces lanuginosus is CCTCC with the number of CCTCC AF 200043; the erythrobacterium is GDMCC, and the number is GIM 1.491; the filamentous fungus is CGMCC with the number of 1.15179; the yeast is GDMCC with the number GIM 2.210.
2. The method for preparing the medium trace element biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the edible fungus waste mushroom dregs are one of needle mushroom waste mushroom dregs and mushroom waste mushroom dregs.
3. The method for preparing the medium trace element biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the functional bacterial agent is a composite functional bacterial agent formed by mixing a rhizobium bacterial agent, a azotobacter chroococcum bacterial agent, a bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, a bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, a bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis bacterial agent, a lilac paecilomyces bacterial agent and a trichoderma viride bacterial agent, and the mass ratio of the composite functional bacterial agent is that the rhizobium bacterial agent is: azotobacter chroococcum microbial inoculum: b, bacillus subtilis preparation: b, bacillus megaterium inoculant: b, bacillus licheniformis agent: bacillus thuringiensis preparation: lilac paecilomyces agent: the trichoderma viride is 1-10: 1-10: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5; the first fermentation in the third fermentation is to remove the waste edible fungus dregs and bean dregs of the edible fungi after the silt removal and the microbial inoculum A of the zymocyte according to the mass ratio of 7: 2: pouring 1 into a reaction tank in an aerobic composting experimental device, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 38-42%, sequentially turning on a power switch, a stirring switch, a temperature rising switch and an air pump, setting the temperature to be 30-60 ℃, turning off the temperature rising switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, sealing and continuing fermentation for 3-7 days, and maintaining the air pressure of the reaction tank at 0.1-0.15 Mpa during fermentation.
4. The method for preparing the medium trace element biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rhizobium is CGMCC with the number of 1.15570; the azotobacter chroococcum is GDMCC with the number GIM 1.272; the bacillus megaterium is CGMCC with the number of 1.9072; the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC with the number of 1.9048; the bacillus thuringiensis is CGMCC with the number of 1.7902; the lilac paecilomyces is GDMCC with the number GIM 3.405; the trichoderma viride is CGMCC with the number of 3.11450.
5. The method for preparing the medium trace element biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the third fermentation, after the second fermentation is finished, the biomass is poured out of the fermentation tank and stacked in a fermentation field, and a functional bacterium agent is added when the temperature is reduced to 40-60 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the substances is 10-40: 1-10, fully and uniformly mixing, supplementing a proper amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40-60%, fermenting for 3-6 days at 40-60 ℃, wherein the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60 ℃ during fermentation, and obtaining the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer after fermentation is finished.
6. The method for preparing the medium trace element biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first fermentation temperature is 40 ℃, the fermentation time is 5 days, and the air pressure of a reaction tank during the fermentation period is 0.10 Mpa; in the second fermentation, the mass ratio of the biomass pile to the fly ash to the medium trace element salt to the bacteria agent B of the zymophyte is 34:8:3:5, the water content of the biomass pile is 40%, the fermentation temperature is 90 ℃, the fermentation time is 1 day, the air pressure of a reaction tank is 0.12Mpa, the fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then the fly ash is crushed and screened by a 50-100-mesh soil screen, and is soaked in 0.1-0.5 mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, and the mass-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; in the third fermentation, the mass ratio of rhizobium inoculant to azotobacter chroococcum inoculant to bacillus subtilis inoculant to bacillus megaterium inoculant to bacillus licheniformis inoculant to bacillus thuringiensis inoculant to paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant to trichoderma viride inoculant in the functional bacteria is 2:1:1:1:2:1:1:1, the water content of the biomass pile is 50%, and the fermentation time is 4 days.
7. The method for preparing the medium trace element biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the medium trace element salt in the second fermentation is prepared from CaCl 2 、MgSO4 、CaO·SiO 2 、Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 、H3BO3 、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is0.2mol/L。
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