CN108821875B - Preparation method of high-activity microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-activity microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
A microbial fertilizer is prepared from waste edible fungus dregs, bean dregs, powdered coal ash, medium-trace element salt, urea, fermenting bacterial agent and functional bacterial agent through fermenting for four times. The prepared bio-organic fertilizer has beneficial bacteria of more than 3 hundred million/g, total nutrient of up to 18.6 percent and medium trace elements of up to 7.6 percent, so the prepared medium trace element bio-organic fertilizer can not only meet the requirement of macroelements required by plant growth, but also supplement medium trace business elements required by plant growth in time, can further promote the plant growth by nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution bacteria, can perform biological control by germ inhibition bacteria to ensure the normal growth of plants, and a plurality of materials are uniformly mixed in the preparation process, and the prepared bio-organic fertilizer has high germination rate, good seedling growth vigor, low seedling morbidity and high germination rate of 96 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microorganism application, in particular to a preparation method of a microbial fertilizer.
Background
Chemical fertilizers play an important role in agricultural production. Experts believe that under the condition that other production factors are unchanged, the agricultural yield can be increased by 40% -60% by applying the chemical fertilizer; however, after long-term use of the fertilizer, soil nutrient structure imbalance, partial nutrient element loss, poor soil physical properties and over-standard of partial harmful metals and harmful germs in the land are easily caused, so that crop nutrition imbalance is caused, and the quality of agricultural products is reduced. In addition, the residual excess water-soluble nutrients in the soil are easy to be leached into underground water and rivers by rain water and farmland irrigation water, so that large-area agricultural non-point source pollution is caused.
Biological fertilizer in the narrow sense is a product which makes crops obtain specific fertilizer effect through the activity of microorganisms, is also called as an inoculant or bacterial fertilizer, does not contain nutrient elements per se, and cannot replace chemical fertilizers. The biological fertilizer is a product containing both nutrient elements required by crops and microorganisms, is a combination of organisms, organic matters and inorganic matters, and can replace chemical fertilizers to provide various nutrient elements required by the growth and development of the crops. The application of a great amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has the advantages and disadvantages for human beings, and scientists propose 'ecological agriculture' for the interest and the disadvantages, so that the purposes of using less or no chemical fertilizers and chemical insecticides in farmlands, using organic biological fertilizers and adopting a microbial method to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests are gradually realized.
The organic fertilizer has the characteristics of complete nutrients, long fertilizer efficiency and no pollution, and when the organic fertilizer is applied to farmlands, the organic matter content of soil can be increased, the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved, the physical and chemical properties and the granular structure of the soil can be improved, beneficial elements can be supplemented, and the quality of agricultural products can be improved. However, the common organic fertilizer has less types and contents of trace elements, cannot meet the requirements of plant growth, and directly influences the growth of crops and the quality of agricultural products.
The waste edible fungus material is also called fungus dregs, fungus chaff, leftover, etc. and is the culture material after edible fungus cultivation. Related researches show that the edible fungus residues contain a large amount of available nutrient elements, such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, trace elements and the like, and also contain chemical substances such as polysaccharides, organic acids, enzymes, phenols and the like, so that the edible fungus residues are organic waste substances which can be recycled. So far, researches on preparation of organic fertilizer by directly returning waste mushroom dregs to field or simply composting mushroom dregs have been carried out. However, most of the nutrients in the waste fungus bags exist in macromolecular forms, and are difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, so that the agricultural efficiency of the waste fungus bags is seriously influenced, the environment is greatly stressed, pollution is caused, and the sustainable development of agriculture is influenced. In addition, in the process of preparing the organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer still has the defects that the agglomeration is easy to occur in the preparation process, the uniform mixing is difficult, the prepared biological fertilizer is applied to seeds, the germination rate is low, and the growth vigor of the seedlings is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-activity microbial fertilizer.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical measures:
a preparation method of a microbial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the edible fungus waste mushroom residue, bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt, urea, a zymocyte microbial inoculum, a functional bacterium microbial inoculum and the like are taken as raw materials and are respectively prepared by four times of fermentation; wherein the waste edible fungus dregs are one of needle mushroom waste dregs and mushroom waste dregs.
Further specifically, the fermentation bacteria comprise a fermentation bacteria A microbial inoculum and a fermentation bacteria B microbial inoculum, wherein the fermentation bacteria A microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum consisting of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungi microbial inoculum, and the mass ratio of the composite microbial inoculum is that the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: cellulase: aspergillus niger microbial inoculum: white rot fungus agent = 1-10: 1-10: 1-5: 1-5; the fermentation bacteria B microbial inoculum consists of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus microbial inoculum, a yeast microbial inoculum, a bifidobacterium microbial inoculum, an acetic acid microbial inoculum, an actinomycete microbial inoculum, cellulase, protease and amylase in a mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: b, bacillus licheniformis agent: a lactobacillus preparation: the yeast microbial inoculum: a bifidobacterium microbial inoculum: acetic acid bacteria agent: actinomycete inoculum and cellulase: protease: amylase = 1-10: 1-10: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1 to 5.
Preferably, the functional bacterial agent is a composite functional bacterial agent formed by mixing a rhizobium bacterial agent, a brown nodule azotobacter bacterial agent, a bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, a bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, a bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis bacterial agent, a lilac paecilomyces bacterial agent and a trichoderma viride bacterial agent, and the mass ratio of the composite functional bacterial agent is as follows: azotobacter chroococcum microbial inoculum: b, bacillus subtilis preparation: b, bacillus megaterium inoculant: b, bacillus licheniformis agent: bacillus thuringiensis preparation: lilac paecilomyces agent: trichoderma viride agent = 1-10: 1-10: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1 to 5.
Particularly preferably, the bacillus subtilis has the CGMCC number of 1.12938; the Aspergillus niger is CGMCC No. 3.13901; the white rot fungi are GDMCC No. GIM 3.393; the lactobacillus is CCTCC AB 200050 with CCTCC number; the yeast is NKCCMR NK 3.00721 with CCTCC number; the bifidobacterium is CGMCC 1.15639; the acetic acid bacteria are GDMCC No. GIM 1.848; the actinomycete is GDMCC No. GIM 1.381; the amylase is CGMCC 4.4751; the rhizobium is CGMCC 1.15570; the azotobacter chroococcum is GDMCC No. GIM 1.272; the number of the bacillus megaterium is CGMCC 1.9072; the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC 1.9048; the bacillus thuringiensis is CGMCC 1.7902; the paecilomyces lilacinus is GDMCC No. GIM 3.405; the Trichoderma viride is CGMCC No. 3.11450.
Further, the first fermentation in the four fermentations is to mix the collected waste edible fungus dregs after the removal of the silt, urea and a zymocyte liquid A microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 1-10: 1-10: 1, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of a biomass pile to 40% -60% by using clear water, fermenting for 3-10 days at 50-70 ℃, turning the biomass pile for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water, wherein the mass ratio of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungi microbial inoculum in a zymocyte A microbial inoculum is preferably 2:4:3: 1.
Further, the second fermentation in the fourth fermentation is to mix the biomass pile after the first fermentation with bean dregs, fly ash, medium and trace element salt and zymocyte B microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 10-40: 5-20: 1-10: 1-10: 1-10, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of a biomass pile to 40% -70% by using clear water, performing secondary fermentation for 4-7 days at 50-70 ℃, turning the biomass pile for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis microbial agent, bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, lactobacillus microbial agent, yeast microbial agent, bifidobacterium microbial agent, acetic acid bacteria microbial agent, actinomycete microbial agent, cellulose, protease and amylase in the zymocyte B microbial agent is preferably 2:1.5:0.5:0.5: 0.5:1: 0.5:1.5: 0.5.
Further, the third fermentation in the fourth fermentation is to perform high-temperature fermentation on the biomass after the second fermentation is finished, wherein the temperature during fermentation is controlled to be 80-100 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days.
Further, in the fourth fermentation, a functional bacterium agent is added into the biomass after the third fermentation is finished, and the mass ratio of the substances is 10-40: 1-10, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 40% -60% by using clear water, and fermenting for 4-7 days at 40-60 ℃; and during fermentation, the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60 ℃, the biomass pile is turned for 1 time every 3 days, the relative water content of the biomass pile is kept by using clear water, and the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer is obtained after fermentation is finished, wherein the mass ratio of rhizobium inoculant, azotobacter chroococcum inoculant, bacillus subtilis inoculant, bacillus megaterium inoculant, bacillus licheniformis inoculant, bacillus thuringiensis inoculant, lilac paecilomyces inoculant to trichoderma viride inoculant in the functional inoculant is preferably 2:1:1:1:2:1:1: 1.
Further, the mass ratio of the edible fungus waste residues, the urea and the zymocyte liquid A microbial inoculum in the first fermentation is preferably 8: 1:1, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile by using clear water to be 50%, wherein the fermentation time is 7 days; the mass ratio of the biomass pile to the bean dregs, the fly ash, the medium trace element salt and the zymocyte B microbial inoculum in the second fermentation is preferably 27: 8: 7: 3: 5, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile by using clear water to be 40% preferably, adjusting the fermentation time to be 5 days preferably, screening the fly ash to remove burnt ash, crushing the fly ash by using a 50-100-mesh soil sieve, and soaking the fly ash by using 0.1-0.5 mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; the fermentation time in the third fermentation is preferably 5 days; in the fourth fermentation, the water content of the clean water-regulated biomass pile is preferably 50%, and the fermentation time is preferably 5 days.
Further, the medium trace element salt in the second fermentation is made of CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·MgO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is preferably 0.2 mol/L.
Furthermore, the viable count of the microbial inoculum used in the preparation process is 2000-3000/g.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the waste edible fungus residues, the bean dregs, the fly ash, the medium trace element salt, the zymophyte, the functional bacteria and other substances are mixed according to a certain proportion, and the microbial organic fertilizer is prepared through multiple fermentation, the activity of beneficial bacteria in the prepared microbial organic fertilizer is high and is more than 3 hundred million/g, the reasonable matching of the components and the substrate ensures that the beneficial bacteria can still well maintain the high activity of the beneficial bacteria after being placed for 30 months for a long time, the phenomena of antagonism and premature senility cannot occur, the plant growth promotion effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution bacteria are well exerted, biological control is carried out through bacteria inhibition, and the normal growth of plants is ensured. Meanwhile, the total nutrient is up to 18.6 percent, the medium trace elements are up to 7.6 percent, and the prepared medium trace element bio-organic fertilizer can not only meet the macroelements required by the growth of plants, but also supplement the medium trace elements required by the growth of plants in time. The biological fertilizer prepared by the invention has high germination rate, good growth vigor of seedlings and low morbidity rate of the seedlings, and the germination rate is up to 96%.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it being necessary to note that the following examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and modifications or substitutions of the method, steps or conditions of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention.
Example 1 a method for preparing a microbial fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
(1) fully and uniformly mixing the collected waste edible fungus dregs after removing the silt, urea and a zymocyte A microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of (8: 1: 1), adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to be 50% by using clear water, fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water. The waste edible fungus dregs are waste needle mushroom dregs; the zymocyte A microbial inoculum is a compound bacterium consisting of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungus microbial inoculum which are separated from rotten fungus residues, and the compound proportion of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, the cellulase, the aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and the white rot fungus microbial inoculum is 2:4:3: 1.
(2) adding bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt and a zymocyte B microbial inoculum into the fermented biomass pile, wherein in order to improve the secondary fermentation effect of the biomass pile, the bean dregs, the activated fly ash, the medium trace element salt and the zymocyte B microbial inoculum are mixed according to the mass ratio of 27: 8: 7: 3: 5, fully mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 60% by using clear water, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 5 days at the temperature of 60 ℃; during fermentation, the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 70 ℃, the biomass is turned over for 1 time every 3 days, and the relative water content of the biomass pile is maintained by clear water. The fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then is crushed and sieved by a 80-mesh soil sieve, and is soaked in 0.2mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; the zymocyte B microbial inoculum is a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus microbial inoculum, a yeast microbial inoculum, a bifidobacterium microbial inoculum, an acetic acid microbial inoculum, an actinomycete microbial inoculum and other strains, and is a compound microbial inoculum prepared from cellulase, protease and amylase, wherein the mass ratio of the zymocyte B microbial inoculum is 2:1.5:0.5:0.5:1: 0.5:1.5:1: 0.5; the said microelement salt is made of CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·MgO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01.
(3) and performing high-temperature fermentation on the fermented biomass to kill egg germs in the biomass, wherein the temperature is controlled at 90 ℃ during fermentation, and the fermentation time is 4 days.
(4) Adding a composite functional bacterial agent consisting of a rhizobium microbial agent, a brown nodule azotobacter microbial agent, a bacillus subtilis microbial agent, a bacillus megaterium microbial agent, a bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis microbial agent, a lilac paecilomyces microbial agent, a trichoderma viride microbial agent and the like into the biomass pair, adjusting the water content of the biomass stack to be 50% by using clear water, fermenting for 6 days at 50 ℃, turning the biomass 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass stack by using the clear water. Obtaining the medium trace element bio-organic fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; the mass ratio of the biomass to the composite functional bacteria agent is 28: 5; the mass ratio of the rhizobium inoculant to the azotobacter chroococcum inoculant to the bacillus subtilis inoculant to the bacillus megaterium inoculant to the bacillus licheniformis inoculant to the bacillus thuringiensis inoculant to the paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant to the trichoderma viride inoculant in the functional bacteria is 2:1:1:1:2:1:1: 1.
Experiment 1: seed germination and seedling growth test
(1) Respectively adding 3 parts of 500g of soil into a culture dish sterilized at high temperature, respectively adding 50g of the biological fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 and 50g of DeWao multi-biological organic fertilizer produced by DeWao multi-fertilizer company Limited in Hebei, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil and the biological fertilizer for later use; the remaining portion was used as a blank control without any fertilizer.
(2) And (3) selecting 10 agaric seeds with uniform size and full granules, uniformly distributing the agaric seeds in a culture dish, and putting the culture dish into a constant-temperature incubator for constant-temperature culture (at 25 ℃ in the dark). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, using no biofertilizer treatment as a control. The seeds are soaked in 1 percent NaClO solution for 30min before use, washed by deionized water and dried for later use.
(3) Stopping germination experiments when the germination rate of the control treated seeds is basically unchanged, and recording the germination rate and related parameters of the seeds treated by each experiment;
(4) and respectively selecting the seeds with consistent germination in each step, continuously culturing in an incubator, recording the plant height, biomass, leaf area and the like of the seedlings after 10 days, and recording the diseased condition of the seedlings during growth.
Analysis shows that the beneficial bacteria in the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of the invention are more than 3 hundred million/g of bio-fertilizer, the total nutrient content is 18.6 percent, and the medium-trace element content is 7.6 percent. The germination rates of the edible fungus seeds planted by using the prepared biological organic fertilizer (with a certain commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization as a control) are respectively 9.3 percent and 18.2 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to control and no fertilization, the biomass of the edible fungus seeds is respectively 23.6 percent and 48.2 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, the plant heights are respectively 26.9 percent and 52.1 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, the leaf areas are respectively 21.5 percent and 39.2 percent larger than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, and the morbidity of the seedlings is respectively 9.1 percent and 17.9 percent lower than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization.
Example 2 a method for preparing a microbial fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
(1) the collected waste edible fungus dregs after the sediment is removed, urea and a zymophyte A microbial inoculum are 7 in mass ratio: 3:1, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 40% by using clear water, fermenting for 10 days at the temperature of 50 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water. The waste edible fungus dregs are waste mushroom dregs; the fermentation bacteria A microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum consisting of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungi microbial inoculum which are separated from rotten fungi residues, and the composite proportion of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, the cellulase, the aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and the white rot fungi microbial inoculum is 2:4:3: 1.
(2) adding bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt and a zymocyte B microbial inoculum into the fermented biomass pile, wherein in order to improve the secondary fermentation effect of the biomass pile, the bean dregs, the activated fly ash, the medium trace element salt and the zymocyte B microbial inoculum are mixed according to the mass ratio of 31: 12: 5: 2: 5, fully mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 40% by using clear water, carrying out secondary fermentation for 7 days at the temperature of 70 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water. The fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then is crushed and sieved by a 50-mesh soil sieve, and is soaked in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; the zymocyte B microbial inoculum is a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus microbial inoculum, a yeast microbial inoculum, a bifidobacterium microbial inoculum, an acetic acid microbial inoculum, an actinomycete microbial inoculum and other strains, and is a compound microbial inoculum prepared from cellulase, protease and amylase, wherein the mass ratio of the zymocyte B microbial inoculum is 2:1.5:0.5:0.5:1: 0.5:1.5:1: 0.5; the said microelement salt is made of CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·MgO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01.
(3) and performing high-temperature fermentation on the fermented biomass to kill egg germs in the biomass, wherein the temperature is controlled at 80 ℃ during fermentation, and the fermentation time is 5 days.
(4) Adding a composite functional bacterial agent consisting of a rhizobium microbial agent, a brown nodule azotobacter microbial agent, a bacillus subtilis microbial agent, a bacillus megaterium microbial agent, a bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis microbial agent, a lilac paecilomyces microbial agent, a green wood microbial agent and the like into the biomass pair, adjusting the water content of the biomass stack to be 40% by using clear water, fermenting for 4 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass stack by using the clear water. Obtaining the medium trace element bio-organic fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; the mass ratio of the biomass to the composite functional bacteria agent is 30: 2; the mass ratio of the rhizobium inoculant to the azotobacter chroococcum inoculant to the bacillus subtilis inoculant to the bacillus megaterium inoculant to the bacillus licheniformis inoculant to the bacillus thuringiensis inoculant to the paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant to the trichoderma viride inoculant in the functional bacteria is 2:1:1:1:2:1:1: 1.
The experimental results of seed germination and seedling growth tests carried out according to the experimental method of the embodiment 1 show that the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of the embodiment 2 of the invention has beneficial bacteria more than 3 hundred million/g, total nutrient content of 18.2% and medium and trace element content of 7.3%. The germination rates of the edible fungus seeds planted by using the prepared biological organic fertilizer (with a certain commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization as a control) are respectively 9.1 percent and 17.3 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to control and no fertilization, the biomass of the edible fungus seeds is respectively 21.8 percent and 47.3 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, the plant heights are respectively 25.3 percent and 51.9 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, the leaf areas are respectively 20.3 percent and 38.6 percent larger than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, and the seedling morbidity is respectively 8.8 percent and 17.1 percent lower than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization.
Example 3 a method for preparing a microbial fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
(1) and the collected waste edible fungus dregs after the removal of the silt, urea and a zymophyte A microbial inoculum are 5 in mass ratio: 3:1, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 60% by using clear water, fermenting for 3 days at the temperature of 50 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water. The waste edible fungus dregs are waste needle mushroom dregs; the zymocyte A microbial inoculum is a compound bacterium consisting of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and a white rot fungus microbial inoculum which are separated from rotten fungus residues, and the compound proportion of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, the cellulase, the aspergillus niger microbial inoculum and the white rot fungus microbial inoculum is 2:4:3: 1.
(2) adding bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt and a zymocyte B microbial inoculum into the fermented biomass pile, wherein in order to improve the secondary fermentation effect of the biomass pile, the bean dregs, the activated fly ash, the medium trace element salt and the zymocyte B microbial inoculum are mixed according to the mass ratio of 18: 11: 5: 5:5, fully mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 70% by using clear water, carrying out secondary fermentation for 5 days at the temperature of 50 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water. The fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then is crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh soil sieve, and is soaked in 0.5mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; the zymocyte B microbial inoculum is a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus microbial inoculum, a yeast microbial inoculum, a bifidobacterium microbial inoculum, an acetic acid bacteria microbial inoculum, an actinomycete microbial inoculum and other various microbial inocula and a compound microbial inoculum prepared from cellulase, protease and amylase, and the mass ratio of the zymocyte B microbial inoculum is 2:1.5:0.5:0.5:1: 0.5:1.5:1: 0.5; the said microelement salt is made of CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·MgO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01.
(3) and performing high-temperature fermentation on the fermented biomass to kill egg germs in the biomass, wherein the temperature is controlled at 100 ℃ during fermentation, and the fermentation time is 3 days.
(4) Adding a composite functional bacterial agent consisting of a rhizobium microbial agent, a brown nodule azotobacter microbial agent, a bacillus subtilis microbial agent, a bacillus megaterium microbial agent, a bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis microbial agent, a lilac paecilomyces microbial agent, a trichoderma viride microbial agent and the like into the biomass, adjusting the water content of a biomass pile to be 50% by using clear water, and fermenting for 6 days at 40 ℃; during fermentation, the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60 ℃, the biomass is turned over for 1 time every 3 days, and the relative water content of the biomass pile is maintained by using clear water. Obtaining the medium trace element bio-organic fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; the mass ratio of the biomass to the composite functional bacteria agent is 25: 5; the mass ratio of the rhizobium inoculant to the azotobacter chroococcum inoculant to the bacillus subtilis inoculant to the bacillus megaterium inoculant to the bacillus licheniformis inoculant to the bacillus thuringiensis inoculant to the paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant to the trichoderma viride inoculant in the functional bacteria is 2:1:1:1:2:1:1: 1.
The experimental results of seed germination and seedling growth tests carried out according to the experimental method of the embodiment 1 show that the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of the embodiment 3 of the invention has beneficial bacteria more than 3 hundred million/g, total nutrient content of 17.8% and medium and trace element content of 6.9%. The germination rates of the edible fungus seeds planted by using the prepared biological organic fertilizer (with a certain commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization as a control) are respectively 8.9 percent and 16.8 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to control and no fertilization, the biomass of the edible fungus seeds is respectively 22.3 percent and 48.5 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, the plant heights are respectively 25.1 percent and 52.3 percent higher than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, the leaf areas are respectively 21.5 percent and 39.3 percent larger than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization, and the seedling morbidity is respectively 9.1 percent and 17.5 percent lower than those of the seeds subjected to commercially available biological organic fertilizer and no fertilization.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a microbial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: it is made up by using edible fungus waste mushroom dregs, bean dregs, flyash, medium trace element salt, urea, zymophyte microbial inoculum and its functionsThe bacterial agents are used as raw materials and are prepared by four times of fermentation respectively; the edible fungus waste mushroom dregs are one of needle mushroom waste mushroom dregs and mushroom waste mushroom dregs; the medium trace element salt is prepared from CaCl2、MgSO4、CaO·MgO·SiO2、Fe2(SO4)3、H3BO3、MnSO4、CuSO4、ZnSO4、Na2MoO4A mixture of compositions in a molar ratio of 0.1: 0.1: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01: 0.01: 0.05: 0.05: 0.01; the fermentation bacteria agent comprises a fermentation bacteria A agent and a fermentation bacteria B agent, wherein the fermentation bacteria A agent is a composite bacteria agent consisting of a bacillus subtilis agent, a cellulase, an aspergillus niger agent and a white rot fungi agent, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis agent to the cellulase to the aspergillus niger agent to the white rot fungi agent is =2:4:3: 1; the fermentation bacteria B microbial inoculum consists of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus microbial inoculum, a yeast microbial inoculum, a bifidobacterium microbial inoculum, an acetic acid bacterial inoculum, an actinomycete microbial inoculum, cellulase, protease and amylase in a mass ratio of 2:1.5:0.5:0.5:1:1:0.5: 1: 1.5:1: 0.5; the functional bacterial agent is a composite functional bacterial agent formed by mixing a rhizobium bacterial agent, a azotobacter chroococcum bacterial agent, a bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, a bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, a bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent, a bacillus thuringiensis bacterial agent, a lilac paecilomyces bacterial agent and a trichoderma viride bacterial agent in a mass ratio of the rhizobium bacterial agent, the azotobacter chroococcum bacterial agent, the bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, the bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, the bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent, the bacillus thuringiensis bacterial agent, the lilac paecilomyces bacterial agent and the trichoderma viride bacterial agent =2:1:1: 1; the first fermentation in the fourth fermentation is to mix the collected waste edible fungus dregs after the removal of the silt, urea and a zymocyte liquid A microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 1-10: 1-10: 1, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of a biomass pile to 40% -60% by using clear water, fermenting for 3-10 days at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, andkeeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using clear water to obtain the biomass pile; the second fermentation in the four fermentations is to mix the biomass pile after the first fermentation with bean dregs, fly ash, medium trace element salt and zymocyte B microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 10-40: 5-20: 1-10: 1-10: 1-10, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 40% -70% by using clear water, carrying out secondary fermentation for 4-7 days at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, turning the biomass for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping the relative water content of the biomass pile by using the clear water to obtain the biomass pile; the third fermentation in the four fermentations is to ferment the biomass after the second fermentation at high temperature, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 80-100 ℃ during the fermentation, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days, so as to obtain the biomass; and in the fourth fermentation, adding a functional bacterium agent into the biomass after the third fermentation is finished, wherein the mass ratio of the biomass to the functional bacterium agent is 10-40: 1-10, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to 40% -60% by using clear water, and fermenting for 4-7 days at 40-60 ℃; and (3) during fermentation, the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60 ℃, the biomass is turned for 1 time every 3 days, the relative water content of the biomass pile is kept by clear water, and the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer is obtained after fermentation is finished.
2. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC with the number of 1.12938; the Aspergillus niger is CGMCC with the number of 3.13901; the white rot fungi is GDMCC and is numbered as GIM 3.393; the lactobacillus is CCTCC with the number of CCTCC AB 200050; the yeast is CCTCC with the serial number of NKCCMR NK 3.00721; the bifidobacterium is CGMCC with the number of 1.15639; the acetic acid bacteria is GDMCC and is numbered as GIM 1.848; the actinomycete is GDMCC and is numbered GIM 1.381; the amylase is CGMCC with the number of 4.4751; the rhizobium is CGMCC with the number of 1.15570; the azotobacter chroococcum is GDMCC and is numbered as GIM 1.272; the bacillus megaterium is CGMCC and is numbered 1.9072; the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC with the number of 1.9048; the bacillus thuringiensis is CGMCC with the number of 1.7902; the lilac paecilomyces is GDMCC and is numbered as GIM 3.405; the trichoderma viride is CGMCC with the number of 3.11450.
3. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the edible fungus waste residues, the urea and the zymocyte liquid A microbial inoculum in the first fermentation is 8: 1:1, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to be 50% by using clear water, wherein the fermentation time is 7 days; the mass ratio of the biomass pile to the bean dregs, the fly ash, the medium trace element salt and the zymocyte B microbial inoculum in the second fermentation is 27: 8: 7: 3: 5, adjusting the water content of the biomass pile to be 40% by using clean water, wherein the fermentation time is 5 days, the fly ash needs to be screened to remove burnt ash, then crushed and sieved by a 50-100-mesh soil sieve, and is soaked in 0.1-0.5 mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours for activation treatment, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; the fermentation time in the third fermentation is 5 days; in the fourth fermentation, the water content of the biomass pile is adjusted to 50% by the clear water, and the fermentation time is 5 days.
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