KR100612920B1 - Compressed bed soil for sheet-type raising rice seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to compressed plate-like soil for rice seedling, and more particularly, organic and ocher of coco peat, peat moss, vermiculite, and zeolite as main materials, and fertilizer and plant growth regulator as subsidiary materials to be suitable for the growth of crops. The present invention relates to a compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings, which is shaped to be mixed at a suitable ratio, and compressed at a strong pressure to be expanded again when supplied with moisture.

Rice seedling top soil of the present invention is light weight and easy to handle, as well as the disadvantages of the basic mat top soil rice and nutrient competition microbial generation, poor breathability, poor drainage and improved workability by improving the baud advantages There is this.

Compacted, plate topsoil, rice, seedlings

Description

Compressed Bed Soil for Sheet-type Raising Rice Seedling

1A is a compressed plate-like topological state diagram for rice seedling before water supply of the present invention.

1B is a compressed plate-like topological state diagram for rice seedling after water supply of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a rice seedling box containing the topsoil.

3 is an exemplary diagram using a compressed plate-shaped top soil for rice seedlings of the present invention in a rice seedling box.

4A, 4B and 4C are state diagrams of light clay, heavy clay, and mat clay used as a control of the compressed plate-like clay for rice seedlings of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a compressed plate-like topsoil (Fig. 1A) for rice seedlings, and more specifically, fertilizers and plant growth regulators to be suitable for the growth of crops based on organic and loess of coco peat, peat moss, vermiculite and zeolite. The present invention relates to a compressed plate-like topsoil for rice seedlings in the form of a thin plate, which is formed as a subsidiary material and is formed to be expanded at a constant pressure to be compressed again when supplied with moisture.

Mainly used rice seedling soils to date are Sanya soil collected by farmers in the mountains or nearby, or lightweight clay powder and heavy soils on the market as a simple mixture of geolite, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, and cocoite. Or mat-like clays which are dried after vacuum molding by mixing pulp, coco peat, peat moss and vermiculite with water.

Since these Sanyato and heavy soils (Fig. 4B) are heavy, it takes a lot of effort and cost to transport and handle them. Especially, Sanyato requires disinfection and fertilizer mixing, and light soils are lighter than Sanyato and heavy soils. Although it is easy to handle, it is bulky and takes up a lot of work space and has a disadvantage of difficulty in logistics.

Mat-shaped or plate-shaped tops are mat-shaped rice seedling colored paper (Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0358692) which is formed by mixing pulp and rice straw with water, and rice having mainly pulp, rice hull and water. Seedling rice seedlings for rice seedlings (Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0360300) and rice seedlings color sawdust soil (Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0358690) is disclosed. In addition, the pulp, peat moss, and coconut pits were mixed with water and vacuum-molded mat-shaped tops (Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0380531), chaff, sawdust, lobule, peat moss, and pulp, and then vacuum-formed seedlings. A mother plate mat (Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0446208) is disclosed.

However, the disclosed seedling mat tops are improved in terms of management and weight as compared to Sanyato or powdery topsoil and light topsoil (FIG. 4A), but the mat tops (FIG. 4C) are sprayed out of seedlings when the seed is sown. It is lost or flocked to one side, and the mat remains dense even after sowing, and its shape is poor, and breathability and drainage are poor. Microorganisms are generated in the used pulp, and nutrient competition with rice is likely to result in poor growth of the mock. In addition, due to the nature of the mat clay material, the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) is low, so the nutrient content is low, so it is difficult to secure an extra-long length suitable for migration, or it needs to be prepared. Mixing and stirring using water in the mat clay production process There is a problem that waste water comes out due to the work.

Therefore, the various types of mat-like soils have improved some of the problems of conventional soils, but poor rice seedlings due to the generation of microorganisms, deterioration of rice seedling stability under low temperature and temperature change conditions, low growth rate, low growth, low production Since the shortcomings such as waste water generation during the process were not completely solved, a method for solving the problems of the cultured soils was required.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors supply water to rice seedling boxes using rice seedling standard cultivation technology established by the Rural Development Administration so that general farmers can grow rice seedlings and sowing seed rice. Afterwards, the present invention was completed, which is lightweight and has excellent seedling stability.

After all, it is an object of the present invention to provide a compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings, which is excellent in breathability, drainage, and abundance, and has excellent rice growth, and no breeding of microorganisms competing for rice and nutrients. .

Another object of the present invention is to provide a compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings having excellent seedling stability against poor environments such as low temperature and temperature change.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings that is easy to farm.

The present invention relates to a compressed plate-like soil for rice seedling, and more particularly, organic and loess of coco peat, peat moss, vermiculite, and zeolite as main materials, and fertilizer and plant growth regulator as submaterials so as to be suitable for the growth of crops. The present invention relates to a compressed plate-like topsoil for rice seedlings formed in a thin plate shape, which is formed at a ratio and compressed at a strong pressure so as to expand again when water is supplied.

More specifically, 60 to 85 parts by weight of coco peat, 5 to 20 parts by weight of peat moss, swelling chaff 5 to 20 parts by weight, vermiculite 5 parts by weight, geolite 5 parts by weight, at least one selected from 5 parts by weight ocher After mixing the fertilizer and plant growth regulator by mixing the basic soil formed by mixing, using a 20 mm mold and compression-molding at 111.1 to 555.5 kg / cm ² pressure, the time required for water absorption is 0.5 to 1.3 seconds. It relates to a compressed plate-like topsoil for rice seedlings (FIG. 1A), which is characterized by a rapid, three-fold increase in volume expansion after hydration.

Further, the fertilizer added to the soil of the present invention is suitable for rice seedling compacted plate soil, characterized in that the amount of ingredients per box is 1 g at the same ratio of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and gariga 1: 1.

In addition, the plant growth regulator added to the soil of the present invention is one selected from the microbial agent secreting the gibberellic acid (GA) line, Abscisic acid (ABA) line, auxin, cytokinin, growth regulator It relates to a compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings characterized in that.

The present invention is manufactured in a size that can be stored in a rice seedling box molded of plastic resin is easy to work farming, it is expanded again when water is supplied to improve the breathability and drainage, as well as the high nutrients necessary for mock growth appropriately I can supply it.

The compressed plate-like soil for rice seedling of the present invention has excellent physicochemical function to be suitable for rice seedling, and is easy to handle by farmers who have grown rice using conventional soil, and has high stability and easy rice seedling, and microbial carbon It is eco-friendly because there is no possibility of generating by-product microorganisms because no pulp material is used as a food source, and no waste water is produced during the production process. There is no problem to use the consistent automatic seeding machine for rice sowing because it has the function of expanding the ship again. The thickness of the top soil is 0.4 ~ 1.0 ㎝ before water supply and expands to 1.2 ~ 2.0 ㎝ after water supply, and for rice seedling The strength of the compressed plate tops is 70 ~ 90 N / mm2, and there is little risk of breakage during distribution.

Compositional components of the compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings of the present invention include coco peat, peat moss, geolite, vermiculite, loess, fertilizer as described above, each of these components is composed in a suitable ratio, which is the composition according to the present invention The ratio shows the best compressive force and the expansion force by water, and the size of the rice seedling box should be wide and thin to provide the best growth conditions for growing rice with high strength.

Cocopit, which is a main ingredient of the base material of the present invention, is a by-product remaining after coconut oil and fiber are removed from coconut fruit used in topsoil and artificial culture soil, and has a lot of lignin and cellulose components. The effect is particularly high when the content is within 10%. In addition, Cocopit is easily available in India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, etc., and has the advantage of being used as an environmentally friendly material that does not cause environmental problems with relatively inexpensive materials.

Pitmos is a water moss sediment that is stable in decomposition due to its excellent water holding capacity and high cation substitution capacity, and has low acidity. It can be used as an acidity regulator, and its origin can be used in Canada, Northern Europe and Russia.

Vermiculite is a mineral produced by heating and expanding the mica's minerality at a high temperature of 800 ~ 1000 ℃. It is the most used material for agriculture because it has high water retention, breathability, and drainage. It is especially used for growing and growing horticultural crops. The low specific gravity in 0.2-0.4 can be used.

Zeolites and loess contain clay, which, when heated and compressed, act as an adhesive to fix other organic matters, as a supporter and as a source of microelements when growing rice, and is currently commonly used in horticulture and water. It is a material.

In the present invention, the fertilizer for supplying nutrients to rice is water-soluble or soluble powder, and the nutrients are nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and garga 1: 1: 1 in the amount of ingredients per box about 1 g of rice until the rice transplanting period. Provide the necessary nutrients to ensure a suitable height for transplanting.

Acidity regulators use environmentally friendly materials such as low acidity pitmoss or sulfuric acid or nitric acid, and plant growth regulators include gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), auxins, Microorganisms that secrete tocaine and growth regulators are used.

Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the compressed plate-like soil for rice seedling of the present invention will be described in more detail.

By using the compression molding method, 60 to 85 parts by weight of cocoite, 5 to 20 parts by weight of peat moss, 5 to 20 parts by weight of swelling chaff, 5 parts by weight of vermiculite, 5 parts by weight of zeolite, 5 parts by weight of ocher and fertilizer and A mixture of a small amount of plant growth regulator was added and mixed with a weight of 200 to 1000 tons with a width of 30 × 60 cm and a thickness of 0.4-0.8 cm through a compression mold machine to dry within 10% of moisture, thereby compressing the plate-like soil for rice seedlings of the present invention. Prepared. Wherein the flat bed soil 30 × 60㎝ area of 1800cm ² Applying 111.1kg / cm ² pressure in a 200 ton of, and to 555.5 kg / cm ² Pressure Applying a 1000 ton Yes.

The compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings of the present invention is optimally compressed at a ratio of 30 × 60 cm, 0.6 cm in thickness, and 2.5: 1 by volume, and the compressed soil absorbs 2.5 liters of water per sheet and 0.5 to 1.3. Within a second, it expands to about 1.5 cm (FIG. 1B).

Whereas conventional mat soils are seeding, it is necessary to establish a standard cultivation method for rice seedlings for Rural Development Administration on irrigation volume, soil cover, box stacking period and temperature, and water management at the pond through a new seedling test process. Compressed plate-like soil for seedlings according to the present invention is excellent in breathability, drainage, water retention and preservation after absorbing moisture, such as germination uniformity, improving the quality of seedlings, excellent late growth, etc. It is easy to use rice seedlings using standard seedling method.

In addition, the compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings according to the present invention configured as described above is environmentally friendly because it does not use water during production, and has the advantage of being lighter than heavy soils, and when the compressive strength is high, the thickness is thin and stored and stored. 50 sheets of conventional mat tops can be put in the same size transport box, but the compressed plate type tops for rice seedlings can be loaded with 70 pieces, which has the advantage of logistics. Safe breeding is possible by preventing the reproduction of byproduct microorganisms used.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention in detail, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art and the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples. .

Example 1 Investigation of Compressive Moldability of Main Compound

As shown in Table 1, the formability of the compressed plate-like soil was examined by varying the component ratio of the main material.

Way

(1) Machine used: Papress

(2) Working pressure: 291.7 tons (162kg / cm ² )

(3) mold height: 20mm

(4) Production Model: Round

(5) Test Place: Ilsung Co., Ltd.

TABLE 1

number Coco Feet (%) Pete Moss (%) Hoot chaff (%) Vermiculite (%) Geolite (%) ocher(%) Formability One 60 20 10 5 5 Good 2 80 10 5 5 Good 3 60 15 20 5 Good 4 80 10 10 Good (good strength) 6 80 5 5 10 Good (good strength) 7 80 10 5 5 Good (good strength) 8 85 5 10 Good (good strength)

As a result, the more cocoite, the better the molding, and it was necessary to increase the strength for easy handling and management. In order to increase the strength, the more zeolite and loess were added, the better and harder it was. Therefore, compression molded plate-like soils composed of coco peat, peat moss, vermiculite, zeolite, and loess are considered to have good moldability, storage and storage, handling and management.

As shown in the above Table 1, 60 to 85 parts by weight of coco peat, 5 to 20 parts by weight of pitmoss, 5 to 20 parts by weight of swelling chaff, 5 parts by weight of vermiculite, 5 parts by weight of zeolite, and 5 parts by weight of ocher It is preferable to mix one or more selected.

Example 2 Investigation of Water Absorption

Compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings prepared according to the above embodiment is placed in a rice seedling box (Fig. 2) having a width of 60 cm, a height of 30 cm, and a height of 3 cm (Fig. 2) and a conventional mat top soil (Fig. 4C) and heavy soil (as a control). In FIG. 4B), 2.7 L per box was used as a seedling criterion, and about 2.5 L of water was irrigated to perform water absorption time and expansion comparison experiment. As a result, as shown in Table 2, the compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings absorbed water at the same time as watering, and was expanded to about 2.5 times by volume to make 1.5 cm, which is suitable for rice seeding. Conventional automatic consistent planter sowing rice seed after irrigation, and takes 5 to 7 seconds to cover the soil stage, and the water absorption must be completed at this stage, so that the soil covered by rice cake seedling according to the present invention does not occur. For the compacted plate top soil, the water absorption is completed and expanded immediately after the irrigation, enabling the use of automatic integrated seed drills.

TABLE 2

Topsoil type Water absorption time (sec) Inflation Height (cm) Before hydration After hydration Compressed plate topsoil 0.5-1.3 0.6 1.5 A company mat topsoil 3.2 to 8.5 0.6 0.7 Company B mat topsoil 13.2 ~ 24.5 0.6 0.6 Company D weight topsoil 5.5 ~ 78.7 1.7 1.5

Example 3: Rice Seedling Test

Compressed plate-like soils for rice seedlings and control were put into the rice seedlings and watered with 2 kinds of existing mats tops and 1 heavy soils. Was examined and growth experiments were conducted.

Materials and methods

(1) Test place: Seoul National University Agricultural College Greenhouse

(2) Test crop: Chucheong rice

(3) Overview of seedling

    Seedling Box:

    -Seeding rate: 220g / box (based on seeders)

    Cover volume: 0.7 liters

    -Boxing temperature: 30 ℃

    -Stacking period: 3 days

    -After stacking the boxing, cover the newspaper for 8 hours in the greenhouse and peel it off.

(4) Arrangement and repetition of test strips: full random placement, 3 repetitions

(5) Survey items and time

    Survey items: tall, coniferous, SPAD

    Survey Date: 23 days after sowing

TABLE 3

Topsoil type Extra long (cm) ground game Leaf color (SPAD) Compressed plate topsoil 19.8 2.2 32.5 A company mat topsoil 17.2 2.1 29.5 Company B mat topsoil 16.4 2.1 28.7 Company D weight topsoil 18.2 2.3 30.5

As a result of the growth experiments, it can be seen from Table 3 that the compressed plate-like soil of the present invention is excellent in securing a suitable height for transplanting, and the leaf color is dark, so that rice seedlings are excellent.

Heavy clay and light clay which are currently used have a disadvantage that it takes a lot of time to fill the clay, but the present invention has a large effect of shortening the working time by only putting one by one, there is no waste water generated because no water is used during manufacturing It has high affinity and does not use pulp material, so there is no nutrient contention between rice and microorganisms due to microbial generation, excellent breathability and high stability against changes in weather environment. In addition, mat-type soils that are difficult to control for irrigation and drainage to maintain wetness are required for education and practice and establishment of standard cultivation methods. Rural Development Administration Rice standard cultivation method can be applied.

In addition, the raw material of the present invention is a mixture of organic materials and minerals having a low moisture content in a powder state and when sprayed with water shows a property that water is not absorbed into the powdery soil but is rejected from each other, but if the water is sprayed after the production of compressed plate-like soil It absorbs water, expands and restores it, and has excellent physicochemical properties such as breathability, drainage, and boilability, so it is suitable for growing rice. It can provide healthy elements by supplying trace elements by using minerals. By adjusting the strength and hardness, it can be effectively used in rice seedlings by solving the biggest problem that the material is scattered or broken after compression molding and broken during use.

Claims (4)

60 to 85 parts by weight of coco peat, 5 to 20 parts by weight of pitmoss, 5 to 20 parts by weight of swollen chaff, 5 parts by weight of vermiculite, 5 parts by weight of zeolite, and 5 parts by weight of ocher. After adding fertilizer and plant growth regulator to basic soil and mixing, it is pressurized and molded at 111.1 ~ 555.5 kg / cm ² pressure using plate-shaped mold for manufacturing soil. Compressed plate-like soil for rice seedlings, characterized by a threefold increase in volume expansion.  2. The compressed plate-like soil for rice seedling according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is 1 g of ingredient per box at the same ratio of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and gargar 1: 1. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator is one selected from a microbial agent secreting a gibberellic acid (GA) line, Abscisic acid (ABA) line, auxin, cytokinin, growth regulator Compressed plate type soil for rice seedlings to use. The compressed plate-like soil for rice seedling according to claim 1, wherein the mold has a height of 20 mm.

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