KR20040084194A - Soil for planting - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A bed soil composition containing peat moss, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth and zeolite powder is provided. It is light as compared to conventional bed soil, excellent in water retention properties, water drainage properties and air permeability and reduces the seedling raising period. CONSTITUTION: The bed soil composition comprises 10 to 20% by volume peat moss, 10 to 15% by volume of coconut coir pith, 45 to 60% by volume of vermiculite, 8 to 15% by volume of diatomaceous earth and 4 to 10% by volume of zeolite powder, based on the total volume of the composition. The composition can contain general additives containing a pH adjuster, bactericidal components, solid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, a synergist and a wetting agent.

Description

Topsoil composition for tap water {SOIL FOR PLANTING}

The present invention relates to a water-based clay composition, and more particularly, it is composed of peat moss, coco peat, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, and zeolite powder, so that it is not only lighter than conventional soil products, but also excellent in water repair, drainage and breathability. It is possible to shorten the seedling period by the rapid mat formation, and relates to a topsoil composition for water superior in adaptation to the environment of use.

In order to make a mechanical seed in a rice crop, it is necessary to grow a seedling in a bed box, and the seeding soil used at this time is called water topsoil. Water supply soils should be distinguished because they are different from gardening soils. There are many types of topsland currently produced, depending on the application and characteristics.

In recent years, mechanical migration has been carried out to replace the lack of manpower in rural areas, where direct operations are carried out by planes in large-scale management areas such as the United States, but where they do not work, they are planted in bedding boxes where the migration is mechanized. do. The problem with this process is that it is difficult to find the soil used in the bed. Where there is no soil available nearby, Sanya has been purchased and used from a long distance. When using this, it is necessary to re-put sieve for screening the particle size and disinfection and fertilizer prescription process is inevitable because it is inconvenient to use. There is a tendency to favor commercialized topsoil compositions. In addition, due to the aging and aging of the agricultural labor force, it was difficult to prepare the topsoil composition by themselves, and in order to reduce the production cost, the topsoil composition was also preferred.

Korean Patent No. 14780 discloses top soil using rice husk as the main material. However, rice hulls are difficult to manufacture, there is a problem that the generation of pollutants such as smoke in the carbonization process and there was a problem that does not meet the various seedling method in application.

Korean Patent Application No. 1984-8433 discloses a clay prepared by a method of mixing 40% of zeolite and bentonite in 60% of fully chaffed chaff. However, not only it takes a long time to completely mature the chaff, there was a problem that the volume is reduced after use, the efficiency of use of the material falls.

Korean Patent No. 30174 discloses a method of drying sawdust 40%, chaff powder 30%, viscous soil 10% as a main raw material and high-pressure molding the mixed material to the width of the base plate. However, according to the patent invention, although the weight of the bedding can be greatly reduced, it is difficult to prepare a covering top soil composition separately because it needs to be covered again when the seed is laid on the bedding and the seeds are sown. In addition, when chaff and sawdust became the main ingredients, there was a problem in purchasing materials.

Korean Patent Application No. 1990-7710 discloses a method for preparing a topsoil composition by grinding minerals such as diatomaceous earth, bentonite and zeolite, which excludes organic matters and prevents damages caused by organic matters. It is characterized by one. However, since these minerals only come from a specific region in Korea, there was a problem that the transportation cost of raw materials and products would increase.

Korean Patent Application No. 1995-26830 discloses a method of kneading kaolin powder, drying and firing, and then grinding the kaolin powder into predetermined particles. However, the present invention has a complicated process and a problem in mass production.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention not only is lighter than conventional soil products, but also has excellent water retention, drainage, and breathability, and can shorten the seedling period by forming a fast mat, and has excellent adaptability to the use environment. It is an object to provide a topsoil composition.

The topsoil composition for water of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a peat moss, coco peat, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, zeolite powder.

The peat moss used in the water-based topological composition of the present invention has a three-phase distribution having 10% solids, 75% liquids, and 15% gaseous phases, and has good air permeability due to the abundance of space between the grains. This is an excellent organic material and is used for horticulture by mixing with general soil or artificial soil. In addition to planting plants, it is widely used for sowing soil, bulb storage, and soil improvement. In particular, peat moss can absorb water up to 20 times its weight, so plants can use water as slowly and as long as necessary, improve the air permeability of the soil to help roots grow properly, and add peat moss to sandy soil It improves the properties and strength of fertilizers, and the addition of pitmoss to the soil not only prevents fertilizers from leaching and salt accumulation, but also serves to prevent the soil from becoming hard and to supply organic matter. Pitmos also promotes the process of making organic fertilizers, reduces odors and controls air and moisture in manure piles, and is generally degraded slowly over many years and pH is easier to decompose than organic manure decomposes within a year. It does not change and it is environmentally friendly. It is also sterile and free of weed seeds and contains no salts (fertilizers) or chemicals.

In the water topsoil composition of the present invention, the content of pit moss is preferably 10 to 20% by volume based on the total volume of the topsoil composition. If the content of peat moss is less than 10% by volume, the nutritional condition of the hair is poor, and the growth is deteriorated. If the content of the peat moss is over 20% by volume, the topsoil composition becomes super light and the viscous force is weakened. It is not desirable for phosphorus safety.

Coco pits used in the topsoil composition of the water of the present invention is an organic fertilizer component such as peat moss. Coco pits are a medium obtained by crushing the fibrous skin of coconut, which is environmentally friendly with pure natural organic matter, and has excellent drainage and breathability. In addition, microbial proliferation is active and roots are well adhered, and the use of soil organic compost, soil improvement, bed, etc. is wide.

In the clay composition for waterworks of the present invention, the content of cocopit is preferably 10 to 15% by volume based on the total volume of the clay composition. If the content of coco peat is less than 10% by volume, there is a problem that the seedling mat formation is sluggish due to the lack of rooting power of the hair. When the content of the soil composition exceeds 20% by volume, the superficial composition product is also ultra-light and the elasticity is too large, which is the effect of the mechanical seeding and It is not good for the convenience of rice transplanting.

Vermiculite used in the water-based topological composition of the present invention is similar in shape to mica, and the ore is agglomerated with thin plates. Vermiculite is found in many parts of the world, including Korea, South Africa, China and Australia. Vermiculite of vermiculite is processed at high temperature of about 1000 ℃ to make vermiculite for agricultural material. Vermiculite does not burn, and withstands high temperatures. It also does not dissolve in water or organic solvents and has low electrical conductivity. Vermiculite is very light, so it is easy to handle, and its three-phase distribution is ideally composed of 10% solid, 65% liquid and 25% gaseous phase. It is excellent in breathability and drainage, and is sterile by high temperature treatment. It is used as a seeding or plucking soil without worrying about weeds, and it is suitable as a seedling material when mixed with other artificial soils. The content of vermiculite in the water-based clay composition of the present invention is preferably 45 to 60% by volume based on the total weight of the clay composition. If the vermiculite content does not reach 45% by volume, it is not suitable for the weight reduction of the topsoil composition product, and if the vermiculite content exceeds 60% by volume, the specific gravity of the product is very low, which may cause the plate itself to float during initial irrigation on the mother board. There is a problem of falling elasticity.

In the waterborne clay composition of the present invention, the content of diatomaceous earth is preferably 8 to 15% by volume based on the total weight of the clay composition.

In the waterborne clay composition of the present invention, the content of the zeolite powder is preferably 4 to 10% by volume based on the total weight of the clay composition.

In the water coating composition of the present invention, in addition to the above components, the additive may include conventional additives used in the water coating composition, such as acidity regulators, bactericidal components, solid fertilizers, liquid fertilizers, potentiators and wetting agents, Kinds and appropriate amounts of these additives are known in the art.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited or limited thereto.

EXAMPLE

Example 1

15% by volume of peat moss, 12% by volume of cocoite, 53% by weight of vermiculite powder, 6.5% by weight of zeolite powder, 12% by weight of diatomaceous earth and 1.5% by volume of additives such as chemical fertilizers, amino acids and humectants. A topsoil composition was prepared.

Comparative Example 1

Yellow soil and compost were mixed in a ratio of 4: 1 by weight, and then sterilized with lidomile, a soil disinfectant, to prepare a topsoil composition for water.

Comparative Example 2

Powder zeolite having a particle size of 80 mesh or less and bentonite were mixed at a ratio of 7: 3 in each weight ratio, and then, an acidity regulator, a chemical fertilizer, an effect enhancer, and 10% by volume of water were added, and then the particle size was selected through a sieve to prepare a top water composition for water.

Comparative Example 3

The bulk soil was collected and used as 100% main raw material after primary screening. Moisturizer, acidity adjuster, and chemical fertilizer were added, mixed, assembled, and dried, and then only the particle size of 2-5 mm in diameter was selected to prepare a top soil composition for water.

Seedling test

On March 30, the rice seeds were soaked in water, and then the chaff was removed and left for 24 hours. Sterilization was performed for 24 hours on the basis of 10 ml of 20 liter of rice seed / Spotak solution soaked on April 1. On April 2, rice seed was minimized for 48 hours in a 32 ° C incubator. On 3 April, seedlings and other materials were disinfected. On April 4, put the vinyl on the bottom of the seedlings, put the topsoil composition of Examples 1, Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3, and after leveling, after watering, sowing about 230g of rice seed and covering a certain amount of topsoil Then the weight was measured. The measured values are listed in Table 5 in comparison with the weight of the mother plates after the test was completed. After weighing, five seedling boxes were stacked, covered with vinyl, and left for 2 days while maintaining the temperature within 30-32 ° C. In the box, a tribute nursery box was installed at the top and bottom of the soil to retain moisture. A light shield was installed until germination and complete leaf emergence.

On April 8, the shading film was removed, and the mat formation of the root was examined on April 10, and then the mat formation of the root was examined again on April 13 (10 days after sowing) and the primary growth characteristics were examined. Investigations were made on the leaves, chlorophyll, grass height and root length, and the results of the investigation are shown in Table 1. In addition, the raw weight and dry weight at this time were investigated and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 1: Growth characteristics 10 days after sowing

Treatment ground game chlorophyll Extra long Rooting Leaves / 30 weeks average mg / 100cm ² mm / 30 Week Average Example 1 2.7 1.9 139 ¹⁾ 34.2 Comparative Example 1 2.3 1.7 128 ¹⁾ 30.2 Comparative Example 2 2.5 1.4 131 ¹⁾ 33.3 Comparative Example 3 2.4 1.7 123 ¹⁾ 32.9

1): Duncan's Multiful Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level

Table 2: Raw weight and dry weight at 10 days after sowing

Treatment Fresh weight Building Example 1 8.52 2.18 Comparative Example 1 7.56 1.98 Comparative Example 2 7.92 2.11 Comparative Example 3 7.81 2.05

Unit: g / 100 weeks

Final growth characteristics were examined on April 20 (17 days after sowing). Irradiation was carried out on the leaves, chlorophyll, grass height and root length and the results of the investigation are shown in Table 3. In addition, the raw weight and dry weight at this time were investigated and the results are shown in Table 4.

Table 3: Growth characteristics 17 days after sowing

Treatment ground game chlorophyll Extra long Rooting Leaves / 30 weeks average mg / 100cm ² mm / 30 Week Average Example 1 3.9 2.7 179 ¹⁾ 38.8 Comparative Example 1 3.1 1.8 134 ¹⁾ 38.9 Comparative Example 2 3.7 2.5 168 ¹⁾ 38.5 Comparative Example 3 3.3 2.1 161 ¹⁾ 31.3

1): Duncan's Multiful Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level

Table 4: Raw weight and dry weight at 17 days after sowing

Treatment Fresh weight Building Example 1 9.52 3.14 Comparative Example 1 8.87 2.61 Comparative Example 2 9.23 2.77 Comparative Example 3 8.99 2.63

Unit: g / 100 weeks

On April 22, irrigation was inhibited and the weight of the seedlings was measured 48 hours after, and compared with the weight of the seedlings immediately after sowing.

Table 5: Weight Changes of Nursery Boards

Treatment Bed weight after sowing Remarks Bed weight after test Remarks Example 1 2.83 100 2.70 100 Comparative Example 1 4.01 142 3.43 127 Comparative Example 2 3.94 139 3.12 116 Comparative Example 3 4.54 160 4.20 148

* Unit: kg / plate

* Remark means the relative value when the Example is set to 100.

During the seedling test, water was irrigated every day through premature ejaculation, and the temperature in the glass greenhouse was kept at 21 ° C. and the temperature in the hot bed was 30 ° C.

In Tables 1 and 3, after the second growth survey in the case of ultra long, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 showed a difference of 11 mm and 45 mm at the 1st and 2nd stages, respectively. The growth effect was about 33% higher than that of 1. In addition, the results of Example 1 were higher than Comparative Examples 2 and 3. When the growth characteristics of 17 days after seeding of Table 3 were examined, the initial growth in Example 1 was faster than that of the other comparative examples, and the chlorophyll content of the leaves was also the highest as 2.7 mg / 100 cm ² .

Comparing the raw weight and dry weight, Example 1 showed a somewhat higher result than the comparative examples, and in particular, compared to Comparative Example 1 showed an increase effect of about 20.3%.

In addition, as a result of measuring the weight after the seeding and final growth of the top soil weight of each Example and Comparative Example during the cultivation test period, the weight of Example 1 was the most light weight effect, as shown in the initial top soil results, Comparative Example 3 It was heavy in the order of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2.

The present invention is lighter than conventional soil products, but also excellent in water repair, drainage and breathability, and can shorten the seedling period by forming a fast mat, and provides a top soil composition for water excellent in adaptation to the use environment. .

Claims (1)

In the water-based clay composition used in rice crops, it comprises 10 to 20% by volume of peat moss, 10 to 15% by volume of cocoite, 45 to 60% by weight of vermiculite, 8 to 15% by weight of diatomaceous earth, and 4 to 10% by weight of zeolite powder. Topical composition for water, characterized in that.