KR101186546B1 - Soil composition for planting - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Bed soil for a rice-paddy using yellow soil as a main material is provided to reduce the mixture amount of coco peat, and to secure the water holding capacity and the fertilizer holding capacity of the soil. CONSTITUTION: Bed soil for a rice-paddy using yellow soil as a main material contains 55-65 vol% of yellow soil, 12-16 vol% of diatomite, 12-16 vol% of coco peat without salinity, and 11-13 vol% of vermiculite. The yellow soil is obtained from the ground after removing more than 50 cm of surface soil. The diatomite is non-weathered diatomite containing pyrite. [Reference numerals] (AA) Control group; (BB) Conventional group

Description

Soil Composition for Planting

The present invention relates to a water supply soil made of ocher as a main material and a diatomaceous earth, cocoite, and vermiculite, which are used as a seed soil (peg soil) used to germinate rice seed.

Before planting rice in rice paddies, the rice seed is made and planted there, and the rice is transplanted. In the past, when planting by hand, the rice paddy was sprinkled with soil and sprinkled with ocher on it, but nowadays, all of them are machined, so the tops are placed on the bed, and rice seeds are placed on it to make rice seedlings. The reason for using soil without top soil is to keep germs or pests infected with pests by making artificial soil and supplying clean soil because there are many germs and pests.

In the past, the topsoil was made from the loess or the mountain, and it was made by farmers. However, in the near rural areas, it is difficult for the elderly and women to prepare the topsoil by themselves.

Therefore, in recent years, the situation is to buy and use the water for the water manufactured by the top soil manufacturers. As the soil material for water, as described below, ocher is most preferable. However, since the weight is heavy, there are many limitations in blending other ingredients when using a lot of loess. Thus, the water for water supply supplied these days is optional even if no ocher or ocher is used. Or very small amounts. That is, Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 2003-0030301 proposes a water works topsoil composition consisting of organic raw material consisting of peat moss, coconut pits and swollen chaff and papermaking fiber obtained from corrugated paper, newspaper or graft paper as an active ingredient, and Korea Patent Application 2002-0002232, 20-40% by weight of vermiculite dry powder; 20-40% by weight of ground chaff; 20-40% by weight of perlite; 5-15 wt% of degreasing cellulose; Less than 5% by weight moisturizer; A molding soil for seedlings containing less than 2% by weight of a binder is shown. In addition, Korean Patent Application No. 2006-0070546 discloses 70 to 75% by weight of coconut fiber dust, 15 to 20% by weight of peat coal, 1 to 2% by weight of ferrite, 0.5 to 1% by weight of mandarin microorganisms, 0.5 to 1% by weight of activated carbon powder, and It is presenting the initial seedling soil containing 0.5 ~ 1% by weight of ocher rice bran adjuvant and trace amount of promoter. Korea Patent Registration No. 0933316 has 70 to 98 parts by weight of cocoite and 10 to 30 weight of 0.3 ~ 1mm granular vermiculite. Part, 8 to 20 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth, 2 to 10 parts by weight of humic acid, 0.1 to 4 parts by weight of fertilizer, and 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of surfactants are presented. However, in the above example, the amount of cocoite, which depends on the total amount of imports, is excessively large and no yellow soil is used.

On the other hand, Korean Patent Registration No. 0718867 is 60-80% by volume of coco peat; Pitmos 3-10% by volume; 2 to 20% by weight of a raw material formed by mixing at least one selected from diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite and elvanite; And seedlings composed of 3 to 20% by volume of light raw materials prepared by mixing at least one selected from perlite, vermiculite, masato, ocher, briquettes and acidic clay containing granules having a size of 1 to 5 mm in 50% by volume or more. Presenting cultivation mat type tops and Korea Patent Registration No. 0741818 is 12-45% by weight vermiculite, 6-13% by weight cocot, 6-13% by weight peat, 15-23% by weight diatomaceous earth, 18-27% by heat dry loess %, Main material and water mixed with 4-7% by weight of pearlite and 6-15% by weight of zeolite; And 3.3-8.8% by weight of wood vinegar, 23-53.91% by weight of nitrogenous guano, 11-14.3% by weight of humic acid, 22-34.1% by weight of meteorite stone, 1.1-2.2% by weight of red ginseng extract, 1.1-2.2% by weight of seaweed powder, chitosan An antifungal organic clay composition is presented, which contains a prescription material containing 1.32 to 4.4 wt%, sulfur powder 5.5 to 8.8 wt% and yucca extract 0.77 to 2.2 wt%.

However, while the former also uses a large amount of cocoite, the ocher is treated as an optional entity that can be used or omitted, and the latter is very limited in utilizing the inherent merits of the loess because of its very low weight. have.

Therefore, while using ocher, which is easily available in Korea's mountains and fields, as a main ingredient, it is necessary to have it in water supply soils, that is, water retention and preservation should be good, breathability for root breathing should be good, soil acidity should be close to neutral, and root tangle It is desirable to develop a good water supply soil having good antimicrobial and bactericidal properties and easy handling.

The present invention can be solved by using a low-priced ocher as a main material in order to solve the above problems and by preparing diatomaceous earth, cocoopite and vermiculite by auxiliary to the ocher to produce a water supply topsoil.

By using ocher, which can be collected at low cost in Korea, as a main ingredient, it significantly reduces the amount of imported cocoa pits, and is light, water-retaining, bobbinding, rooting and breathable, and neutral in soil acidity. Water supply soil with antibacterial and bactericidal properties can be supplied.

Fig. 1 Photograph 10 days after seeding of rice seedling soil
Figure 2 Photographs 25 days after sowing of seedling soil for rice growing
3rd picture of growth stage

The present invention relates to a topsoil composition for water, which is made of ocher as a main material, and is made by mixing diatomaceous earth, cocoite and vermiculite. This will be described in detail below.

Loess in the general sense refers to the yellow to reddish brown soil that we see easily and does not refer to loess, silt-sized silt deposits carried from China by wind.

As such, loess is a soil produced by weathering of granite, granitic gneiss, and basic rocks under our climatic conditions. Therefore, the color, composition, and physicochemical composition vary according to the type of weathered rocks and the climatic conditions of the region.

A tablespoon of ocher contains about 200 million microorganisms, so it is often called 'living life'. Ocher is a mineral composed of 40 to 80% quartz, 10 to 20% feldspar and mica, 5 to 35% carbonate mineral, and 2 to 4% silt. The chemical composition is 50 to 60% silica. , Alumina 8-12%, trivalent iron oxide 2-4%, divalent iron oxide 0.8-1%, calcium oxide 4-16%, magnesium oxide 2-6%, about 0.5% titanium oxide and oxidation It is composed of manganese, water content of about 10 to 15%, and in addition to the above-mentioned minerals, there are various kinds of enzymes that are organic substances. For example, catalase, diphenol oxidase, sugar-degrading saccharase, and protein degrading enzyme protease, which are known as indicators of soil oxidative power and remove hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which represents toxins for living organisms, creating an appropriate soil environment. It is known to contain these. Therefore, ocher is a material that is very beneficial to the human body by having excellent humidity control ability and radiating far infrared rays, and the effects of improving and treating water quality and soil, and cosmetic effects by the action of various minerals and enzymes are known. On the other hand, since loess has a large amount of calcium carbonate (CaCo3), the loess has a viscous force that is not easily broken by calcium carbonate, and when water is added, it turns into clay.

* As mentioned above, ocher has a variety of acidity (pH) because of its physical and chemical properties depending on the type of rock and local climatic conditions. Therefore, soils with low acidity and slow drainage should be used as water supply soils.

In the present invention, 55 to 65% by volume of ocher collected in a state in which 50 cm or more was removed from the epidermis in order to prevent mixing of weeds or seeds.

Diatomaceous earth is a collection of sediment consisting of floating algae shells called diatoms of average size of 50 to 100 micrometers, mostly composed of amorphous silica, with some crystalline silica present. Diatomaceous earth is light and porous because of its complex structure and its primary and secondary pores, and it is excellent in its ability to adsorb and decompose various harmful substances and its insecticidal effect.

Since un weathered diatomaceous earth contains pyrite, it is oxidized when exposed to air and the acidity is lowered to about 6, thus acting as an acidity regulator of water supply soil.

In the present invention, 12 to 16% by volume of un weathered diatomaceous earth containing pyrite was blended.

Cocopit is an organic fertilizer component such as peat moss, which is a medium obtained by crushing a coconut fiber shell. Therefore, coco peat is a pure natural organic environment-friendly, excellent drainage, breathability, etc., resistant to microbial infiltration, stable oxidation conditions, and contains considerable organic nutrients and trace elements. The acidity is 5.5-6.5.

Unlike compost, it does not decompose in the long term, unlike compost, so that nutrients, moisture, and oxygen can be smoothly supplied to the roots of plants grown in early seedling soil. In addition, coco peat decomposes over a long period of time, allowing the soil to remain constant at all times. Cocopit's water holding capacity is 6 ~ 9 times the weight of the dry matter, and very high. The pore volume is more than 90%, which prevents the solidification of soil and maintains breathability.

To use coco peat as a topsoil material, the salts contained in coco peat must be removed. Therefore, when preparing cocopit, the coconut shell is first stepped on and dried to soften, and then the stepped and dried coconut shells are sucked with water to remove salt and pulverized.

In the present invention, 12 to 16% by volume of the cocoate, from which the salt was removed, was blended.

Vermiculite resembles the shape of mica, ore, in which the sheets are thin. Hydrogen biotite is calcined at a high temperature of 900 ~ 1000 ℃ to make vermiculite for agricultural materials. When the vermiculite is expanded at a high temperature in this manner, it becomes a porous body having light weight and sterility. In particular, the water supply is not only resilient but also can form voids in the tissue, contributing to promoting seed germination, particularly root growth. Acidity is 6-7.

In the present invention, vermiculite is blended 11 to 13% by volume.

Therefore, the present invention is a water-based clay prepared by mixing 55-65% by volume of ocher and 12-16% by volume of un weathered diatomaceous earth containing pyrite, 12-16% by volume of desalted cocoite and 11-13% by vermiculite. To provide a composition. In order to prevent the soil composition for water prepared in this way to be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, etc., it is preferable to sterilize with lidomil granules.

In order to confirm the quality of the water topsoil composition prepared in this way, compared with the standard topsoil composition for experiment was confirmed. In contrast to the standard topsoil composition of the water of the present invention compared to the topsoil composition of the water, in 2007, the K-media designated as the standard topsoil was used as a control when the soil-related research was conducted by the Agricultural Science and Technology Institute. The k-media is prepared by recombining 30% by volume of cocoite, 40% by weight of vermiculite, 15% by volume of zeolite and 15% by volume of diatomaceous earth. Meanwhile, the topsoil composition of the present invention was prepared by mixing 60% by volume of ocher, 15% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 15% by volume of cocoite and 10% by volume of vermiculite.

The experimental results are described below.

1. Experimental scale and treatment details

 end. In a midwife box (600x300x26mm), a rearing box containing 4 liters of control soil and 185 g of Choi Ah-dop seed, and five hair growth boxes containing 4 liters of top soil of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as 'public sphere') and 185 grams of Choi Ah-dip seed were prepared. .

 I. Experimental place and cultivation conditions

 In the glass greenhouse, the temperature conditions were 25 ~ 35 ℃ during the day, 15 ℃ around the night, and the relative humidity was 50 ~ 60%. After germination, the seeds were germinated in the state of blocking sunlight for 3 days.

 All. Growth survey

 On the 25th day after sowing, the growth survey was conducted with the average value of 100 weeks per treatment. The experimental results are as follows.

  (1) Physicochemical Properties of Soil Stock for Rice Raising division pH EC T-N NH ₄-N Ava-
P₂O moisture volume
density 1: 5, v / v 1: 5, v / v
dS / m mg / L % Mg / m³ Control 5.01 0.77 555 140 214 29.5 0.45 Public sphere 5.15 0.79 1,024 112 187 25.8 0.53

  (2) Particle size distribution of soil for rice raising Ingredient division Assembled Vaginal Ingredients Granules Particle size > 4mm 42 mm 21 mm 10.5mm <0.5mm Control Particle size (%) 0.0 1.5 14.6 34.3 49.5 By ingredients
(%) 16.1 83.9 Public sphere Particle size (%) 3.2 19.4 20.3 25.8 31.3 By ingredients
(%) 42.9 57.1

  (3) Harmful ingredients in the soil for rice raising division As CD Hg Pb Cr Cu mg / kg Control trace trace trace trace One 3 Public sphere trace trace trace One trace 2 Reference value 6.0 1.5 4.0 100 4 50

  (4) Growth research on the 25th day after sowing of the public soil for rice raising division Extra long Total leaves chlorophyll cm Indices ea Indices mg / 100cm² Indices Control 9.88a 100 3.1b 100 2.17b 100 Public sphere 11.1a 112 3.9a 128 2.41a 111

  (5) Material and seedling fidelity 25 days after seeding of rice growing soil division Among dry Grave fidelity Ground Underground mg / ea Indices mg / ea Indices mg / ea Indices Control 8.80b 100 11.6a 100 0.89a 100 Public sphere 10.4a 119 10.8a 93 0.95a 106

  (6) Mat Formation and Weight Comparison of Seed Materials 25 Days after Sowing of Rice Raising Soil division Mat formation After sowing 25 days after sowing Neck side (15) kg / bed Control One 2.60 3.42 Public sphere One 2.80 3.51

  (7) results

   (A) Hazardous heavy metals were detected below the standard value in both control and test specimens.

   (B) After 4 days of sowing, the germination rate of rice seedlings was about 85% for control and 89% for seeding. In the seedling test, the seedlings, moxibustion seedlings and stocking diseases did not occur in both control and test plots.

   (C) Growth of 25 days after seeding of rice seedling soil was increased by 12% in height, and total leaf and chlorophyll content in seedlings increased 28% and 11%, respectively. The total number of leaves and chlorophyll at the 5% significance level in the control and control periods was also significant.

   (D) On the 25th day after planting, the ground part of plant building showed 19% more increase in control than in control, and the increase in seedling fidelity increased by 6%. The statistical results showed that the ground level buildings were significantly different from the control area at the DMRT 5% level.

   (The change of the weight of the platen on the 25th day after sowing of rice planting soil was increased by 0.82kg in the control and 0.71kg in the control, and the mat was well formed in the form of 1 on the neck in all treatments. .

Based on the above results, no damage to seedlings caused by soils occurred during the entire seedling testing period of rice seedlings, and in particular, damages from seedlings caused by pathogens (such as late blight, wilted disease, green blight and pests) Seedling growth during seedling growth was similar to that of control on day 10, and predominantly in seedlings on day 25. Changes in seedling fidelity, which is a diagnostic method of plant building and healthy seedlings, also showed good results in seedlings. Indicated.

Finally, Figure 1 is a photograph showing the state 10 days after the sowing of control and seedling rice growing soil and Figure 2 is a photograph showing the state of 25 days after seeding of control and seedling rice raising soil. 3 is a photograph showing the growth state of the control and the test by dividing into 4 days, 8 days, 10 days and 25 days after sowing.

Claims (1)

55 to 65% by volume of ocher collected from the skin and 50 to 12% by volume of un weathered diatomaceous earth containing pyrite, 12 to 16% by weight of salted cocoite, and 11 to 13% by weight of vermiculite. Topical composition for water, characterized in that prepared by mixing

Images