KR101925909B1 - Culture soil for growing blueberry and method for preparing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to culture soil for blueberry cultivation and a method for manufacturing the same. The culture soil for blueberry cultivation, according to the present invention, ensures acidity (pH), organic and inorganic contents, drainage ability, and breathability suitable for the growth of blueberries, thereby enhancing the growth of blueberries. In addition, the culture soil for blueberry cultivation contains trace elements which are insufficient in soil environment for blueberry cultivation and has the advantage of solving the problem of leaf bleaching and cold resistance in blueberry cultivation.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a blueberry cultivation soil and a method for producing the same,

The present invention relates to a culture soil for blueberry cultivation and a method for producing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a culture soil for blueberry cultivation which exhibits acidity, organic matter content, drainage property and breathability suitable for blueberry growth characteristics, The present invention relates to a culture soil for berry cultivation.

The blueberry is a plant belonging to the azalea rhododendron of the dicotyledonous azalea, and the variety is classified into the high bush series and the rabbit eye series.

Since blueberries belong to the Azalea family, they grow well in acid soil and watery soil, have a lot of fine roots on the roots, and have roots distribution around the surface of the soil, so the organic matter content in the soil should be high. It tends not to grow well where the organic matter content is less than 5%. In particular, blueberries are susceptible to soil pH. High bushes grow well in soil pH 4.0 ~ 5.2 and rabbiteys grow well in soil pH 4.2 ~ 5.5.

Therefore, the soil pH needs to be improved in the cultivation area where the soil pH is high, and solid sulfur is generally used in many cases. The amount of solid sulfur required to lower the pH of the soils and soils of pH 7.0 to pH 4.5 is about 825 kg / ha and 2,640 kg / ha, respectively. Solid sulfur is not soluble in water and is converted into sulfate ion Time is needed. However, in general farmhouses, it is difficult to fertilize due to high price and toxicity of solid sulfur.

The growth of blueberries is affected not only by the chemical adult acidity of the soil but also by the physical adulteration of the soil and soil hardness. If the trees are planted without improving the soil like ordinary fruit trees, the blueberry trees do not grow well, There are many tendencies. Therefore, in the general farmhouse, blueberry is planted by mixing peatmoss with high organic matter content and low pH, but it is not effective in summer rainy season, rainy season or poor drainage.

In addition, the peat moss is an organic matter that has been sedimented and deposited for many years in an anaerobic state by the ground water which is raised by the plants such as aquatic plants, reeds and moss in the swamp area about 3,000 years ago. There is a lump phenomenon and adverse effects on ventilation and drainage are adversely affected.

Due to the unique growth environment of blueberries, blueberry seedlings were planted in a cultivating container filled with blueberry-adapted artificial soil adapted to the environment of blueberries, rather than planting blueberry seedlings in a common soils soil.

However, in some farms, peatmoss is used alone or mixed with sawdust, masato, compost, etc. without ignoring the growth physiology of blueberries. As a result, , Weed generation, root damage, gas damage, poor growth, and the like.

In this connection, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2017-0081673 proposes that a gypsum fertilizer using gypsum for calcium supply is prepared and fertilized in soil for preventing blueberries, and in Korean Patent No. 10-1300240 Fermenting and drying organic materials such as rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and bone meal to provide long-term nutritional ingredients to blueberries.

However, most of the above technologies are related to fertilizers for supplying nutrients for blueberry cultivation, and it is necessary to develop a technique for blueberry cultivation soil suited to blueberry physiological characteristics.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0081673 Korean Patent No. 10-1300240

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a customized cultivated soil considering the cultivation and growth characteristics of blueberries and a method for producing the same.

In order to achieve the above object,

30 to 80% by volume of any one or more organic substances selected from the group consisting of peat moss and coco peat;

5 to 50% by volume of at least one gypsum selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-based gypsum, natural gypsum and desulfurized gypsum;

5 to 50% by volume of at least one inorganic material selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, serpentine, zeolite, marcasite, loess, kaolin, vermiculite and perlite; And

And 0.1 to 1% by volume of at least one trace element-containing substance selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, iron chelate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate and boric acid to provide a blueberry cultivation soil .

The organic material may include peat moss and coco peat in a volume ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1.

The gypsum may be a phosphate gypsum.

The inorganic material may include 1 to 10% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 1 to 10% by volume of serpentine, 1 to 30% by volume of zeolite, and 1 to 10% by volume of perlite.

The trace element-containing material may include zinc sulfate and iron sulfate in a volume ratio of 1: 0.1-10.

The cultivated soil for blueberry cultivation according to the present invention exhibits an acidity (pH), an organic matter and an inorganic content, a drainage ability and a breathability suitable for the growth of blueberries, thereby enhancing the growth of blueberries.

In addition, it contains the trace elements that are insufficient in blueberry cultivation soil environment, and it has the advantage of solving the problem of bleaching of leaves and cold tolerance in blueberry cultivation.

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a panoramic view of a blueberry cultivation test according to Experimental Example 2 of the present invention before mixing with a blueberry culture soil and a blueberry culture. FIG.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings and the inventor may properly define the concept of the term to describe its invention in the best possible way It should be construed as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a composition comprising 30 to 80% by volume of at least one organic selected from the group consisting of peat moss and coco peat;

5 to 50% by volume of at least one gypsum selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-based gypsum, natural gypsum and desulfurized gypsum;

5 to 50% by volume of at least one inorganic material selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, serpentine, zeolite, marcasite, loess, kaolin, vermiculite and perlite; And

And 0.1 to 1% by volume of at least one trace element-containing substance selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, iron chelate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate and boric acid to provide a blueberry cultivation soil .

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention may comprise 30 to 80% by volume of at least one organic material selected from the group consisting of peat moss and coco peat.

More specifically 30 to 80% by volume, preferably 40 to 75% by volume, and more preferably 50 to 70% by volume of any one or more organic substances selected from the group consisting of peat moss and coco peat %. ≪ / RTI >

If the organic matter is contained in an amount less than the above-described volume percentage, sufficient organic matter content may not be secured for the growth of blueberry, and if it exceeds the above-described volume percentage, the content of the gypsum, It may be insufficient to supply the components necessary for improving the growth of blueberries.

The peat moss is sometimes referred to as a selective peat, in which aquatic vegetation and other things are somewhat corroded and accumulated, such as peat moss, wetlands, and swamps. It has excellent ability of absorbing water and can absorb 15 ~ 20 times of its own weight based on dry peatmoss, acidic at pH 3.5 ~ 4.5, and has high nutrient preservation ability.

In addition, it has an excellent effect of maintaining warmth, maintenance and air permeability, preventing the soil from becoming hard, and promoting microorganisms in the soil.

The coco peat is a residual material from which the coir fibers are removed from the husk of the coconut fruit which is often found in the tropics. In other words, it refers to a material produced by subjecting a coconut shell to extraction of coconut fiber, which is fibrous, and then remaining coconut dust by physicochemical processes.

Coco peat is chemically an inert fibrous component such as lignin and cellulose, and contains a large amount of organic nutrients and trace elements. Physically, it has good maintenance, bubbling, aeration and absorption, and pH ranges from 5.5 to 6.5.

Particularly, it has good ventilation, water holding capacity and good bracing ability. It is good for root growth, promotes the activity of soil microorganisms, promotes useful chemical reaction in the soil, and improves physical properties because it does not decay for a long time in the soil.

The organic material may include peat moss and coco peat in a volume ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1.

More specifically, the organic material may contain peat moss and coco peat in a volume ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1, preferably 1: 0. 3 to 0.8, more preferably 1: And can be included in a volume ratio of 4 to 0.6.

When the peat moss and coco peat are contained in the organic material in the above-mentioned range, the physical properties such as the pH, which is optimized for blueberry growth, and the maintenance of heat, maintenance and ventilation can be maintained.

The organic matter may comprise 10 to 70% by volume of peat moss and 5 to 50% by volume of coconut.

More specifically, the organic material may comprise 10 to 70% by volume of peat moss and 5 to 50% by volume of coconut, preferably 20 to 60% by volume of peat moss and 10 to 40% by volume of coconut, More preferably 30 to 50% by volume of peat moss and 15 to 30% by volume of coconut.

If the volume ratio of peat moss and coco peat exceeds the above range, the acidity of the culture soil may not be maintained within the range of pH 4.0 to 5.5. The higher the percentage of peatmoss, the lower the pH, and the higher the ratio of cocofeat, the higher the pH.

In addition, when the content of peat moss exceeds the above-described volume ratio range, excessive humidification may occur, resulting in poor breathability and drainability.

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention may contain 5 to 50% by volume of at least one gypsum selected from the group consisting of phosphorus gypsum, natural gypsum and desulfurized gypsum.

More specifically, it may contain 5 to 50% by volume, preferably 5 to 40% by volume, and more preferably 10 to 30% by volume of gypsum.

If the gypsum is out of the stated volume range, the acidity of the soil for cultivating blueberries may not be controlled, or components such as calcium, sulfur, silicic acid, iron and phosphoric acid may not be supplied sufficiently for the growth of blueberries.

The gypsum may be a phosphate gypsum.

The phosphorus acid gypsum is produced as a byproduct in the chemical fertilizer phosphoric acid production process and is a strong acid with a pH of about 2 to 4 and contains 93% of CaSO ₄ .2H ₂ O, 3.3% of SiO ₂ , 0.9% of Al ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ 1.1% and P ₂ O ₅ 1.0%.

In particular, phosphate gypsum is a product produced by the reaction of phosphorus with sulfuric acid. It has a wide surface area and low density, which improves the drainage and physical properties of the soil and is effective for the development of crop root.

It is also an especially suitable ingredient for growing blueberries because it contains enough calcium and sulfur components to supply scarce iron and sulfur components to blueberry crops and contains enough calcium to improve blueberries and storage stability.

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention may contain 5 to 50% by volume of at least one inorganic material selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, serpentine, zeolite, marathon, loess, kaolin, vermiculite and perlite.

More specifically, it may contain 5 to 50% by volume, preferably 5 to 40% by volume, and more preferably 10 to 30% by volume of the inorganic material.

If the inorganic matter is included in the above-described range of the volume percentage, the acidity of the soil for cultivating blueberry may not be controlled, or the inorganic material necessary for growing blueberry may not be sufficiently supplied.

The inorganic material may include 1 to 10% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 1 to 10% by volume of serpentine, 1 to 30% by volume of zeolite, and 1 to 10% by volume of perlite.

More specifically, it may comprise 1 to 10% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 1 to 10% by volume of serpentine, 1 to 30% by volume of zeolite and 1 to 10% by volume of perlite, preferably 2 to 8% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 8% by volume of zeolite, 2 to 25% by volume of zeolite and 1 to 8% by volume of pearlite, more preferably 4 to 6% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 4 to 6% by volume of serpentine, 3 to 20% by volume of zeolite, To 5% by volume.

The diatomaceous earth is a sediment aggregate formed by depositing a harmful substance of diatoms, which is a single cell organism having an average size of 50 to 100 μm, under the seabed or the lake. Diatomaceous earth can also have a sustained effect of releasing functional nutrients such as fertilizer nutrients by using a large number of porous pores inside to release fertilizer nutrients outward.

The chemical composition is about 78 to 86% of SiO ₂ , about 5 to 10% of Al ₂ O ₃ , about 1 to 3% of Fe ₂ O ₃ , about 0.5 to 1.0% of MgO, about 0.1 to 2.0% of CaO, Can be used as a regulator.

In addition, it absorbs liquids two to three times its weight. It also absorbs moisture from the surface of the insect pests in the soil, killing them, and is used in pest control.

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention can contain a certain amount of diatomaceous earth to control the pH to a certain range and can also keep the fertilizer component in the porous pores inside the diatomaceous earth to prevent the loss of the fertilizer, There are advantages to be able to.

The serpentine is a silicate mineral formed by the reaction of olivine or pyroxes with water. The formula is Mg ₃ Si ₂ O ₅ (OH) ₄ . It is mainly in the form of oily laminated antigorite, fiber-like gravel, and lizardite. When decomposed, it becomes reddish brown slippery soil. It is rich in magnesium oxide (MgO) and is suitable for use as a soil improvement agent. It is widely used as a magnesium fertilizer supply source, and also has many burial sites in Chungnam and Gyeongbuk provinces in Korea.

According to the present invention, the serpentine according to the present invention is obtained by grinding the raw stones collected from the domestic serpentine mine to 1 mm or less and calcining the pulverized powder at a calcination temperature of about 1,000 to 1,200 ° C. for about 2 to 3 hours to burn the impurities, The calcined product with increased solubility can be used. The composition of chemical composition is 38.5% of SiO ₂ , 2.6% of CaO, 36.2% of MgO and 5.8% of Fe ₂ O ₃ .

Blueberries are characterized by their ability to grow well in acidic sandy soils, but most of the acidic sandy soil is destructive to chlorophyll of blueberry due to lack of magnesium, .

The cultivated soil for blueberry cultivation according to the present invention has an advantage of solving the problem of cold tolerance which may occur in the cultivation of blueberry by supplying sufficient amount of magnesium while maintaining the acidity of the soil by containing a certain amount of serpentine.

The zeolite generally refers to a mineral having an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal bonded to an anion generated by the bond of aluminum oxide and silicate oxide, and refers to a crystalline aluminum silicate mineral.

Has a property of selectively adsorbing unsaturated hydrocarbons or polar substances selectively by the action of cations in the crystal structure and has a sieve size effect of selectively passing and adsorbing smaller molecules having a certain pore size.

Further, it has an ion exchangeable property that contains exchangeable cations in the crystal structure and is easily exchanged freely with other cations.

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention has an advantage that it can improve the drainage property and the moisture permeability due to the porous structure of the zeolite and can sufficiently breathe moisture by containing a certain amount of zeolite.

The zeolite may be replaced with marathon, loess, kaolin, vermiculite, and the like.

The pearlite is a white porous body produced by crushing pearlite and subjecting it to high-temperature superheating and foaming. The total porosity of the pearlite is 77 ~ 93%, the porosity is 45 ~ 50% and the effective capillary porosity is 30 ~ 40%, which improves water retention by increasing the effective water retention porosity of the soil.

In addition, since the specific density is extremely low and the solidification rate is so low as not to exceed 10%, it is possible to improve the air permeability, permeability, soil hardness, cohesiveness and adhesion while reducing the weight of the mixed soil.

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention has an advantage of excellent drainage and air permeability by containing a certain amount of pearlite.

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention is characterized by containing 0.1 to 1 volume% of at least one trace element-containing material selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, iron chelate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate and boric acid .

More specifically, the blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention may contain 0.1 to 1% by volume of the above-mentioned trace element-containing material, preferably 0.3 to 0.9% by volume of the trace element-containing material, May contain from 0.4 to 0.8% by volume of the trace element-containing material.

If the trace element-containing material is contained outside the above-described range of the volume percentage, the necessary components for the soil for cultivating blueberry may not be supplied sufficiently, or a small amount of unnecessary components may be supplied unnecessarily, resulting in deficiency and hyperplasia.

The trace element-containing material may include 0.1 to 0.5% by volume of zinc sulfate and 0.1 to 0.5% by volume of iron sulfate.

When the pH of the soil is high or when it is exposed to flood damage in the rainy season, or when the phosphoric acid fertilizer is over-applied, the blueberry leaves become white when the insoluble matter is combined with iron and zinc phosphoric acid.

The blueberry cultivation soil according to the present invention is a trace element-containing material containing zinc sulfate and iron sulfate in a certain amount, thereby solving the problem of insufficient iron and zinc components in the soil during blueberry cultivation, have.

The trace element-containing material may include zinc sulfate and iron sulfate in a volume ratio of 1: 0.1-10.

More specifically, the trace element-containing material may contain zinc sulfate and iron sulfate in a volume ratio of 1: 0.1 to 10, preferably 1: 0.3 to 5, Can be contained in a volume ratio of 1: 0.5 to 2.

When zinc sulfate and iron sulfate are included in the above-mentioned range of volume ratios, the zinc and iron components can be supplied in a content optimized for blueberry growth.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Experimental Examples. However, the embodiments according to the present invention can be modified into various other forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described below. Embodiments of the invention are provided to more fully describe the present invention to those skilled in the art.

≪ Example 1 > Preparation of culture soil for gypsum content 10 volume% blueberry cultivation

40% by volume of peat moss, 19.4% by volume of cocofit, 10% by volume of phosphorus gypsum, 5% by volume of serpentine, 6% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 17% by volume of zeolite, 2% by volume of pearlite, 0.3% To prepare a blueberry cultivation soil.

Example 2: Preparation of a 20% by volume gypsum-containing culture soil for blueberry cultivation

40% by volume of peatmoss, 19.4% by volume of cocofit, 20% by volume of phosphorus gypsum, 4% by volume of serpentine, 4% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 10% by volume of zeolite, 2% by volume of pearlite, 0.3% To prepare a blueberry cultivation soil

≪ Example 3 > Preparation of culture soil for gypsum content 30 volume% blueberry cultivation

30% by volume of peatmoss, 19.4% by volume of cocofelt, 30% by volume of phosphorus gypsum, 4% by volume of diatomaceous earth, 3% by volume of zeolite, 3% by volume of pearlite, 0.3% by volume of zinc sulfate and 0.3% And cultivated soil was prepared.

≪ Comparative Example 1 > Preparation of peatmoss 100 vol.% Enriched soil

For comparison with the examples, cultured soymilk with 100% by volume of peat moss was prepared using only peat moss alone.

The components of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Peatmoss
(volume % ) 40 40 40 100 Coco pit
(volume % ) 19.4 19.4 19.4 - Phosphate gypsum plaster
(volume % ) 10 20 30 - Diatomaceous earth
(volume % ) 6 4 4 - serpentine
(volume % ) 5 4 - - Zeolite
(volume % ) 17 10 3 - Pearlite
(volume % ) 2 2 3 - Zinc sulfate
(volume % ) 0.3 0.3 0.3 - Iron sulfate
(volume % ) 0.3 0.3 0.3 -

<Experimental Example 1> Investigation of change in acidity (pH) and electric conductivity (EC) in a blueberry cultivation soil

To investigate the chemical change of the blueberry cultivation soil, the cultured soil prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example was poured every 3 months and the pH and EC of the soil were measured according to the recommended soil analysis standard of RDA, Are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.

pH Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 3 months 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.5 6 months 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.6 9 months 5.5 5.2 5.1 4.8 12 months 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.7

EC (ds / m) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 3 months 0.79 0.81 1.10 0.40 6 months 0.77 0.85 1.11 0.43 9 months 0.81 0.83 1.13 0.45 12 months 0.82 0.91 1.10 0.41

As shown in Tables 2 and 3, as the gypsum content was increased, the pH of the culture soil was lowered and the EC was increased. However, pH and EC changes in the culture soil did not vary significantly with the lapse of time.

In the case of pH (pH), the pH values of Examples 1 to 3 were lower than those of Comparative Example 1, but the pH values were in the range of pH 4.0 to 5.5, which is an acidity for blueberries to grow well.

In the case of the electric conductivity (EC), values of less than 1.2 ds / m in the range of 0.77 to 1.13 ds / m in Examples 1 to 3 were obtained.

<Experimental Example 2> Blueberry cultivation test

About 60L of the cultivation vessel was filled with the culture soil prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, and the blueberry two-year-old seedlings (breed bridges) were planted five times repeatedly to obtain an average experimental result value (see FIG.

After 1 and 2 years from seedling planting, growth was investigated, and the results are shown in Table 4.

Year of planting Coating soil Labor (m) Width (m) Number of spindles
(recast) Number of shoots
(recast) Year 1 Example 1 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 Example 2 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.3 Example 3 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 Comparative Example 1 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.6 Year 2 Example 1 1.8 1.5 4.2 1.7 Example 2 1.9 1.8 4.6 1.8 Example 3 1.7 1.5 4.3 1.6 Comparative Example 1 1.2 0.9 3.4 1.2

As shown in the results of container cultivation using the cultivated soil of Examples 1 to 3, it was confirmed that the cultivation of blueberries was superior to the cultivated soil of Comparative Example 1 composed of peat moss alone.

Particularly, in Example 2 in which phosphorus gypsum gypsum was mixed at 20% by volume, the yield, width, number of spindles and number of shoots of blueberry were excellent.

Claims (5)

50 to 70% by volume organic matter including peat moss and coco peat;
10 to 30% by volume of at least one gypsum selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing gypsum, natural gypsum and desulfurized gypsum;
10 to 30% by volume of an inorganic material further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of zeolite, marathon, loess, kaolin and vermiculite, including diatomaceous earth, serpentine, and pearlite; And
0.4 to 0.8% by volume of a trace element-containing material further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, iron chelate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate and boric acid,
Wherein the organic material comprises 30 to 50% by volume of peat moss and 15 to 30% by volume of coconut,
Wherein the inorganic material comprises 1 to 10% by volume of diatomite, 1 to 10% by volume of serpentine, 1 to 10% by volume of pearlite and 1 to 30% by volume of at least one selected from the group consisting of zeolite, marathon, loess, kaolin and vermiculite,
Wherein the zinc sulfate and the ferrous sulfate contain 0.1 to 0.5% by volume of zinc sulfate and 0.1 to 0.5% by volume of iron sulfate, respectively.
delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the gypsum is a phosphorus gypsum gypsum.
delete delete

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